Youth and the Field of Countering Violent Extremism
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Charting a New Course: Women Preventing Violent Extremism
Charting a New Course I 2301 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20037 www.usip.org © 2015 by the Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace. All rights reserved. First published 2015 To request permission to photocopy or reprint materials for course use, contact the Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com. For print, electronic media, and all other subsidiary rights e-mail [email protected] Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. II Charting a WOMEN PREVENTING VIOLENT EXTREMISM New Course 2 Acknowledgments 3 Introduction 7 Why Gender Matters 9 Women on the Front Lines by Alistair Millar 11 Exercise: Act Like a Woman/ Act Like a Man 12 Blindspots by Jayne Huckerby 13 Exercise: Spheres of Influence 15 Women and the Dynamics of Extremist Violence 17 Listen to the Women Activists by Sanam Naraghi-Anderlini 19 Exercise: Gendered Motivations 20 When Women are the Problem by Mia Bloom 21 Exercise: Multiple Interpretations: Who is Right? 22 Motivations of Female Fighters by Nimmi Gowrinathan 25 Engaging Communities in Preventing Violent Extremism 27 Building Resilience to Violent Extremism by Georgia Holmer 29 Exercise: Allies and Challengers 30 Charting New Ways with New Partners by Edit Schlaffer 31 Resource: Active Listening Techniques 32 Everyday Technologies Can Help Counter Violence and Build Peace by Nancy Payne 33 Resource: Enabling Technologies for Preventing Violent Extremism 34 Increasing Understanding through Words by Alison Milofsky 35 Resource: Debate versus Dialogue 36 Acronyms 36 Resources 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS he creation of the thought for action kit, “Charting a New Course: Women TPreventing Violent Extremism,” has been a team effort. -
Extremists on the Left and Right Use Angry, Negative Language
PSPXXX10.1177/0146167218809705Personality and Social Psychology BulletinFrimer et al. 809705research-article2018 Empirical Research Paper Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Extremists on the Left and Right 1 –16 © 2018 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc Use Angry, Negative Language Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218809705 10.1177/0146167218809705 journals.sagepub.com/home/pspb Jeremy A. Frimer1 , Mark J. Brandt2 , Zachary Melton3, and Matt Motyl3 Abstract We propose that political extremists use more negative language than moderates. Previous research found that conservatives report feeling happier than liberals and yet liberals “display greater happiness” in their language than do conservatives. However, some of the previous studies relied on questionable measures of political orientation and affective language, and no studies have examined whether political orientation and affective language are nonlinearly related. Revisiting the same contexts (Twitter, U.S. Congress), and adding three new ones (political organizations, news media, crowdsourced Americans), we found that the language of liberal and conservative extremists was more negative and angry in its emotional tone than that of moderates. Contrary to previous research, we found that liberal extremists’ language was more negative than that of conservative extremists. Additional analyses supported the explanation that extremists feel threatened by the activities of political rivals, and their angry, negative language represents efforts to communicate as much to others. Keywords language, anger, extremism, liberals and conservatives, threat, happiness Received February 27, 2018; revision accepted October 1, 2018 For too many of our citizens, a different reality exists: extremists—on both the political left and right—use more Mothers and children trapped in poverty in our inner cities; negative language than moderates. -
Strategic Cooperation Between Japan and UNODC -The Joint Plan of Action
Strategic Cooperation between Japan and UNODC -The joint plan of action- The Government of Japan (hereafter referred to as Japan) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (hereafter referred to as UNODC) have a long history of collaboration in countering illicit narcotic drugs, in crime prevention and criminal justice reform, as well as in countering terrorism. Japan has also been a leading provider of core support to the operations of UNODC. Japan and UNODC share mutual interest in further enhancing cooperation. During the first Strategic Policy Dialogue between Japan and UNODC, held in Yokohama on 2 June 2013 in the margins of the 5th Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD V), they identified regional, thematic and other areas for strategic cooperation, and developed a joint plan of action. They also agreed to hold Strategic Policy Dialogue at the senior level annually in Tokyo or Vienna (alternately). Japan and UNODC reviewed the progress of the implementation of the plan of action during the Strategic Policy Dialogue recently held, and amended it as follows. 1. Regional Cooperation (1) Africa Japan welcomes the participation of UNODC in the TICAD V in June 2013 and the TICAD VI in August 2016 in the TICAD process. Through the follow-up of TICAD VI, Japan and UNODC will enhance substantive and operational collaboration in Africa, in particular, in areas related to peace and security such as strengthening of criminal justice systems, countering transnational organized crime (illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs, firearms, and persons), corruption and cybercrime as well as combating terrorism, violent extremism and piracy. -
Facebook and Violent Extremism Awareness Brief
Facebook and Violent Extremism Understanding Facebook legitimate reasons, violent extremists, gangs, and terrorist groups also have a significant With more than 1 billion users, Facebook is presence and following on Facebook.1 The one of the most popular social networking following identifies the ways domestic and sites. After users create a personal profile or international extremists of all persuasions use organization page and add photos, contact Facebook to promote violence: information, and additional information, they can search for people with similar interests, Recruitment create networks of “friends,” communicate by sending private messages or posting Facebook provides violent extremists with a comments on another user’s wall, “like” pages vast recruiting ground. In the United States of organizations and join “groups” with other alone, 67 percent of all Internet users have a users who share similar interests, and post and Facebook profile, and the percentages are even share content created on Facebook or linked to higher for youth and young adults. Moreover, another website. Facebook is one of the top three websites visited by people under the age of 18.2 How Extremists Use Facebook Extremists take advantage of the fact that parents and law enforcement often are not Although individuals and organizations aware of the dangers that could be present worldwide use Facebook for a variety of when a young person spends large amounts AWARENESS BRIEF 2 AWARENESS BRIEF of time on Facebook. Extremist individuals bring propaganda to a wider audience and and organizations use this viewing potential to serve as a gateway to other extremist websites create lines of communication, enabling them where more radical content is available. -
Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism
Journal of Strategic Security Volume 4 Number 4 Volume 4, No. 4, Winter 2011: Perspectives on Radicalization and Article 4 Involvement in Terrorism Disarming Youth Combatants: Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism Alpaslan Özerdem Coventry University, [email protected] Sukanya Podder Coventry University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, National Security Law Commons, and the Portfolio and Security Analysis Commons pp. 63-80 Recommended Citation Özerdem, Alpaslan and Podder, Sukanya. "Disarming Youth Combatants: Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism." Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 4 (2012) : 63-80. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.3 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol4/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Strategic Security by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Disarming Youth Combatants: Mitigating Youth Radicalization and Violent Extremism Abstract In the complex of motivating variables that define the push and pull factors behind recruitment and participation in civil conflict, "radicalization"—or "violent extremism"—is not conceived as a very strong motive, as is the case with studies on terrorism. As part of disarming youth combatants,the linkages between reintegration outcomes and possible rerecruitment into radical and extremist violence must be better understood to mitigate such risks. In our analysis, the policies guiding reintegration of child soldiers and youth should be better attuned to the relationship between recruitment motivations and reintegration outcomes, and must be approached from a political lens rather than a purely technical one. -
Losing the Ability to Dream Afghan Perceptions of UK Aid
Losing the Ability to Dream Afghan Perceptions of UK Aid Dr Edwina Thompson © BAAG 2012 Report sponsored by: Afghanaid, CARE International UK, CAFOD, MercyCorps, and Oxfam The views and opinions expressed in the report do not necessarily correspond to the views of BAAG, their members, or other NGOs, Afghan or international. Research conducted for BAAG. Responsibility for the content and presentation of findings and recommendations rests with the author. BAAG (British & Irish Agencies Afghanistan Group) Development House / 56-64 Leonard Street London EC2A 4LT Registered in England & Wales 06880188 / Charity 1135700 www.baag.org.uk Cover: AP Photo/Farzana Wahidy 2 LOSING THE ABILITY TO DREAM © 2012 BAAG We’ve been shouting at politicians for years - do they hear us? They seem to know facts, but then act completely We have failed to reach against that knowledge. They continue the publics of those to focus on an area they know won’t show results. This is a problem between countries, like British the bureaucrats and the politicians if taxpayers. If they found out they really care for their taxpayers’ what is really happening, money. then they would not be satisfied. People of Afghanistan are happy by existence of the international community You’re not getting your beside the goverment; the international community considering the situation of Value for Money! The aid is Afghanistan must not leave this country not reaching the people in unstable situation. We believe that because of corruption. developments of Afghanistan today are because of existense of international community. Halve the inflow of the aid and spend what is supposed to come Afghanistan for longer term - at least What is an Afghan’s vision? I gave an the process of wastage of resources honest response - I don’t know. -
Preventing Violent Extremism in Kyrgyzstan
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 2301 Constitution Ave., NW • Washington, DC 20037 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT Jacob Zenn and Kathleen Kuehnast This report offers perspectives on the national and regional dynamics of violent extremism with respect to Kyrgyzstan. Derived from a study supported by the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) to explore the potential for violent extremism in Central Asia, it is based on extensive interviews and a Preventing Violent countrywide Peace Game with university students at Kyrgyz National University in June 2014. Extremism in Kyrgyzstan ABOUT THE AUTHORS Jacob Zenn is an analyst on Eurasian and African affairs, a legal adviser on international law and best practices related to civil society and freedom of association, and a nonresident research Summary fellow at the Center of Shanghai Cooperation Organization Studies in China, the Center of Security Programs in Kazakhstan, • Kyrgyzstan, having twice overthrown autocratic leaders in violent uprisings, in 2005 and again and The Jamestown Foundation in Washington, DC. Dr. Kathleen in 2010, is the most politically open and democratic country in Central Asia. Kuehnast is a sociocultural anthropologist and an expert on • Many Kyrgyz observers remain concerned about the country’s future. They fear that underlying Kyrgyzstan, where she conducted field work in the early 1990s. An adviser on the Central Asia Fellows Program at the socioeconomic conditions and lack of public services—combined with other factors, such as Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington drug trafficking from Afghanistan, political manipulation, regional instability in former Soviet University, she is a member of the Council on Foreign Union countries and Afghanistan, and foreign-imported religious ideologies—create an envi- Relations and has directed the Center for Gender and ronment in which violent extremism can flourish. -
Defining the Concept of 'Violent Extremism'
Geneva Paper 24/19 1 Defining the Concept of ‘Violent Extremism’ Delineating the attributes and phenomenon of violent extremism Geneva Paper 24/19 Mathias Bak, Kristoffer Nilaus Tarp, and Dr. Christina Schori Liang August 2019 GCSP Written by Mathias Bak*, Kristoffer Nilaus Tarp, and Dr. Christina Schori Liang. *Corresponding author: [email protected] The authors would like to thank Arsla Jawaid and Sanam Anderlini for invaluable comments and inputs. Defining the Concept of ‘Violent Extremism’ Delineating the attributes and phenomenon of violent extremism Geneva Paper 24/19 Mathias Bak*, Kristoffer Nilaus Tarp, and Dr. Christina Schori Liang August 2019 *Corresponding author: [email protected] The authors would like to thank Arsla Jawaid and Sanam Anderlini for invaluable comments and inputs. Written by Mathias Bak*, Kristoffer Nilaus Tarp, and Dr. Christina Schori Liang. *Corresponding author: [email protected] The authors would like to thank Arsla Jawaid and Sanam Anderlini for invaluable comments and inputs. 4 Defining the Concept of ‘Violent Extremism’ GCSP Geneva Paper 24/19 5 The Geneva Centre for Security Policy The Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) is an international foundation established in 1995, with 52 member states, for the primary purpose of promoting peace, security and international cooperation through executive education, applied policy research and dialogue. The GCSP trains government officials, diplomats, military officers, international civil servants and NGO and private sector staff in pertinent fields of international peace and security. The Geneva Papers and l’Esprit de Genève With its vocation for peace, Geneva is the city where states, international organisations, NGOs and the academic community, working together, have the possibility of creating the essential conditions for debate and concrete action. -
A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States
ICCT Policy Brief October 2019 DOI: 10.19165/2019.2.06 ISSN: 2468-0486 A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States Author: Sam Jackson Over the past two years, and in the wake of deadly attacks in Charlottesville and Pittsburgh, attention paid to right-wing extremism in the United States has grown. Most of this attention focuses on racist extremism, overlooking other forms of right-wing extremism. This article presents a schema of three main forms of right-wing extremism in the United States in order to more clearly understand the landscape: racist extremism, nativist extremism, and anti-government extremism. Additionally, it describes the two primary subcategories of anti-government extremism: the patriot/militia movement and sovereign citizens. Finally, it discusses whether this schema can be applied to right-wing extremism in non-U.S. contexts. Key words: right-wing extremism, racism, nativism, anti-government A Schema of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States Introduction Since the public emergence of the so-called “alt-right” in the United States—seen most dramatically at the “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, in August 2017—there has been increasing attention paid to right-wing extremism (RWE) in the United States, particularly racist right-wing extremism.1 Violent incidents like Robert Bowers’ attack on the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in October 2018; the mosque shooting in Christchurch, New Zealand in March 2019; and the mass shooting at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas in August -
The Potential Adoption of Islamic Accounting Standards Developed by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financi
The Potential Adoption of Islamic Accounting Standards Developed by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) by Islamic Banks in the United Arab Emirates Mohammad Haroun Sharairi A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Business Administration of the University of Canberra July 2016 i Abstract This study investigated the potential impact of applying the accounting standards of the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) in Islamic banks in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to examine the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) currently in use by Islamic banks in the UAE, as compared to the AAOIFI accounting standards, in order to identify the differences and determine which system may better satisfy user needs in the UAE, as judged from the perspective of respondents to a research survey. This study also provided an understanding of the roles of key personnel in developing the AAOIFI’s standards in the UAE and the factors leading to the development of these standards were explored. Data was collected for this purpose through examination of documents, conducting a questionnaire survey with professionals and managers of Islamic banks in the UAE and conducting interviews with key personnel involved in the development of the Islamic Accounting Standards. It was found that the main participant in developing the Islamic Accounting Standards in the UAE is the Dubai International Finance Centre (DIFC). This study found that there is a serious concern, particularly in the Islamic countries, with regard to the IFRS dealing with transactions involving interest (Riba). -
Chapter 11 Prevention of Radicalization in Western Muslim
Chapter 11 Prevention of Radicalization in Western Muslim Diasporas by Nina Käsehage This chapter opens with a brief definition of key terms such as “Muslim diasporas,” “prevention of violent extremism” (PVE), “countering violent extremism” (CVE) and discusses the role of Islamophobia in radicalization and its impacts on the prevention of radicalization. The size of the Muslim population in each of the selected five Western countries and the appearance of jihadist, left- and right-wing-groups, as well as the number of attacks resulting from these milieus are briefly discussed at the beginning of the country reports. The main body of this chapter discusses academic, governmental, and civil society approaches to PVE/CVE. For each country, some PVE examples are presented which might be helpful to policymakers and practitioners. A literature review regarding PVE/CVE approaches in each country seeks to provide an overview of the academic state of the art concerning the prevention of radicalization. Finally, a number of recommendations with regard to future PVE initiatives are provided, based on the author’s field research in Salafi milieus in various European countries.1 Keywords: countering violent extremism (CVE), countering violent extremism policy and practice, extremism, government and civil society responses, Muslim communities, Muslim diasporas, prevention, preventing violent extremism (PVE), PVE recommendations, radicalization, religious extremism, Salafism, terrorism 1 The following chapter includes extracts from the book: Nina Käsehage (2020). ‘Prevention of Violent Extremism in Western Muslim Diasporas’, Religionswissenschaft: Forschung und Wissenschaft. Zürich: LIT Verlag. HANDBOOK OF TERRORISM PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS 305 This chapter seeks to describe the state of research on the prevention of radicalization in Western Muslim diasporas. -
P/CVE Programs
Evaluating the Impact of P/CVE Programs UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE Making Peace Possible United States Institute of Peace Press 2301 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20037 www.usip.org To request permission to photocopy or reprint materials for course use, contact the Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com. For print, electronic media, and other subsidiary rights, email permissions@usip .org. The paper used in this report meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. First published 2018. © 2018 by the Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN: 1-60127-729-6 ISBN: 978-1-60127-729-9 About This Report This report considers the various conceptual and practical challenges in measuring the impact and value of programs designed to prevent and counter violent extremism (P/CVE). It examines potential solutions and emphasizes the significance of efforts to assess changes in attitudes, behaviors, and relationships. The report was developed in tandem with “Taking Stock: Analytic Tools for Understanding and Designing P/CVE Programs” and seeks to help advance more rigor and sustainability in P/CVE programming. 2 Measuring Up Contents 4 Key Findings 6 Introduction 7 Methodology and Definitions 8 The Challenges of Measuring Impact in P/CVE Programs 11 Evaluating P/CVE Interventions: Measuring Attitudes, Behaviors, and Relationships 16 Conclusion 18