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Debian GNU Linux.Pdf CDAH@MF MT .KHMT W Autores: NATALIA IBETH CIFUENTES NUBIA YOLIMA CUCARIAN LEIDY POVEDA SANDRA MILENA CÁRDENAS Director Unidad Informática: Henry Martínez Sarmiento Tutor Investigación: Robinson Moscoso Coordinadores: Olga Lucia Bravo Ballen Carlos José Acuña Daza Analista de infraestructura y comunicaciones: Adelaida Amaya Analista de Sistemas de Información: Álvaro Palacios Coordinador de servicios Elearning: Daniel Ardila UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS UNIDAD DE INFORMÁTICA Y COMUNICACIONES BOGOTÁ D.C. JUNIO 2005 CDAH@MF MT .KHMT W Director Unidad Informática: Henry Martínez Sarmiento Tutor Investigación: Robinson Moscoso Auxiliares de Investigación: Andrés Ricardo Romero Maria Alejandra Enriquez Carolina Acosta María Teresa Mayorga Daniel Enrique Quintero Martha Rubiela Guevara Diana Janneth Organista Meiby Viviana Uyabán Diego Armando Barragán Natalia Ibeth Cifuentes Diego Fernando Rubio Nubia Yolima Cucarían Guillermo Alberto Ariza Renzo Alejandro Clavijo Islena del Pilar González Ricardo Andrés Alejo Jeffer Cañón Hernández Sandra Milena Cárdenas Jenny Teresa Jaramillo Sandra Mónica Bautista Juan Felipe Rincón Sergio Rodríguez Leidy Viviana Aviles Sonia Janeth Ramírez Leidy Diana Rincón Yaneth Adriana Cañón Leydy Johana Poveda Winkler Cruz Liliana Paola Rincón Este trabajo es resultado del esfuerzo de todo el equipo perteneciente a la Unidad de Informática. Se prohíbe la reproducción parcial o total de este documento, por cualquier tipo de método fotomecánico y/o electrónico, sin previa autorización de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS UNIDAD DE INFORMÁTICA Y COMUNICACIONES BOGOTÁ D.C. JUNIO 2005 TABLA DE CONTENIDO TABLA DE CONTENIDO......................................................................................................... 4 1. RESUMEN .......................................................................................................................... 7 2. ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 9 3. INTRODUCCIÓN.............................................................................................................. 9 4. GENERALIDADES DEBIAN GNU/LINUX 3.1 SARGE ............................................ 10 4.1. PROYECTO DEBIAN GNU/LINUX ....................................................................... 10 4.2. ¿QUÉ ES DEBIAN? ................................................................................................. 10 4.3. DEBIAN GNU/LINUX ............................................................................................. 11 4.4. ACERCA DE LA LICENCIA ................................................................................... 12 4.5. VENTAJAS DE DEBIAN RESPECTO A OTRAS DISTRIBUCIONES | GNU/LINUX ............................................................................................................. 12 4.6. PREMIOS Y RECONOCIMIENTOS A LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DEBIAN................. 14 4.7. DEBILIDADES DEL SISTEMA DEBIAN............................................................... 14 4.8. VERSIONES DE DEBIAN ....................................................................................... 15 5. DEBIAN GNU/LINUX 3.1 SARGE................................................................................ 15 5.1. PARTICULARIDADES DE LA VERSIÓN SARGE ............................................... 15 5.2. PAQUETES EN DEBIAN......................................................................................... 16 5.2.1. Software Disponible en Debian – Aplicaciones .................................................... 16 5.2.2. Programas que han sido empaquetados para Debian............................................. 17 5.2.3. Tipos de Paquetes.................................................................................................. 17 5.2.4. Clasificación de los Paquetes en Debian ............................................................... 19 5.2.5. Algunos Paquetes en Debian................................................................................. 20 5.3. DEPENDENCIAS, RECOMENDACIONES, SUGERENCIAS, CONFLICTOS, REEMPLAZOS Y CONTRIBUCIONES.................................................................. 20 5.4. IDIOMAS EN DEBIAN ............................................................................................ 21 5.5. DIRECTORIOS EN LOS ARCHIVOS FTP.............................................................. 21 5.6. ACERCA DEL LENGUAJE UTILIZADO EN DEBIAN ......................................... 21 6. MANUAL DE INSTALACIÓN DEBIAN SARGE ....................................................... 22 6.1. DESCRIPCIÒN DEL HARDWARE EN DEBIAN................................................... 22 6.1.1. Arquitecturas que funcionan con Debian .............................................................. 22 6.1.2. Requerimientos básicos de hardware para Debian Sarge...................................... 23 6.2. COMPATIBILIDAD CON OTRAS DISTRIBUCIONES DE LINUX..................... 24 6.3. MEDIOS DE INSTALACIÓN .................................................................................. 24 6.3.1. Disquetes ............................................................................................................... 25 6.3.2. CD-ROM/DVD-ROM........................................................................................... 26 6.3.3. Disco Duro ............................................................................................................ 26 6.3.4. Dispositivos de memoria USB .............................................................................. 27 6.3.5. Desde la red ........................................................................................................... 27 6.4. SISTEMA UNIX O GNU........................................................................................... 27 6.5. SISTEMAS DE ALMACENAMIENTO SOPORTADOS........................................ 28 6.6. INSTALACIÓN AUTOMÁTICA............................................................................. 28 6.7. DESCRIPCIÒN HARDWARE PARA LA INSTALACION EN LA UIFCE............ 28 6.7.1. Recursos de hardware............................................................................................ 28 6.7.2. CD-ROM ............................................................................................................... 29 DEBIAN GNU/LINUX 6.7.3. Audio..................................................................................................................... 29 6.7.4. Red......................................................................................................................... 29 6.7.5 USB ....................................................................................................................... 29 6.8. PROCESO DE INSTALACIÓN................................................................................ 30 6.8.1. Backups y creación de particiones ....................................................................... 31 6.8.2. Instalación del Sistema Base ................................................................................. 37 6.8.3. Configuración del Sistema Base Debian ............................................................... 38 6.8.4. Instalación de Paquetes en Debian ........................................................................ 42 6.8.5. Configuración de XSERVER-XFREE86 .............................................................. 45 6.8.6. Arranque del entorno gráfico................................................................................. 58 6.8.7. Configuración e instalación de aplicaciones ......................................................... 59 6.8.8. Entrada al sistema.................................................................................................. 62 6.9. INFORMACIÓN SOPORTE EN EL PROCESO DE INSTALACIÓN .................... 63 6.10. ALGUNAS ESPECIFICIDADES DEL PROCESO DE INSTALACIÓN ................ 64 6.10.1. Configuración de RED...................................................................................... 64 6.10.2. Requisitos mínimos de hardware ...................................................................... 65 6.10.3. Parámetros de arranque..................................................................................... 66 6.10.4. Preguntas claves................................................................................................ 66 6.10.5. Funcionamiento del instalador .......................................................................... 66 6.10.6. Arranque del Sistema Debian............................................................................ 68 6.10.7. Instalación de Paquetes ..................................................................................... 69 6.10.8. Configuración del Agente de Transporte de Correo ......................................... 69 6.10.9. Acceso............................................................................................................... 70 6.11. INICIANDO Y APRENDIENDO CON DEBIAN .................................................... 70 7. APT- ADVANCED PACKAGING TOOL..................................................................... 71 7.1. INTRODUCCIÓN..................................................................................................... 71 7.2. CONFIGURACIÓN BÁSICA..................................................................................
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