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DOCUMENT RESUME CS 503 730 Speech Research DOCUMENT RESUME ED 212 010 CS 503 730 TITLE Speech Research: A Report on the Status and Progress of Studies on the Nature of Speech, Instrumentation for Its Investigation, and Practical Applications, July 1-December 31, 1981. Status Report 67/68. INSTITUTION Haskins Labs., New Haven, Conn. SPONS AGENCY National Institutes of Health (DREW), Bethesda,Md.; National Inst. of Child Health and Human Development (NIH), Bethesda, Md.; Natiorial Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, D.C.; National Inst. of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NIH), Bethesda, Md.; National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 81 CONTRACT NICHHD-N01-HD-1-2420 GRANT NICHHD-HD-01994; NIE-G-80-0178; NIH- RR- 35596; NINCDS-NS13870; NSF-MCS79-16177 NOTE 275p. EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Acoustics; *Articulation (Speech)`; ommunication (Thought Transfer); *Communication Research; Consonants; Context Clues; Hearing Impairments; Language Acquisition; Perception; Perceptual Motor Learning; Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence; *Phonetics; Reading; Sign Language; Silent Reading; *Speech Communication; Vowels ABSTRACT As one of a regular series, this report focuseson the status and progress of studieson the nature of speech, instrumentation for its investigation, and practical applications. Drawn from the period of July 1 to December 31, 1981, the 15 manuscripts cover the following topics: (1) phonetic trading relations and context effects; (2) temporalpatterns of coarticulation; (3) temporal constraintson anticipatory coarticulation; (4) the phonetics of 'stop-consonant sequences; (5) impaired speech production of hearing-impairedspeakers; (6) specialized processes of phonetic perception; (7) reading,prosody, and orthography; (8) children's memory for recurring linguisticend nonlinguistic material in relation to reading ability; (9)phonetic --and auditory trading relations between acousticcues in speech perception; (10) production-perception of phoneticcontrast during phonetic change; (11) decay of auditorymemory in vowel discrimination; (12) phonetic stricture and meaning; (13)ecological acoustics; (14) linguistic conventions and speech-sign relationships; and (15) fricative-stop coarticulation. (RL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** usDIAIMMOINT Of EINICATION NATIONAL DIETITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (Ella Thu document hes barn reproduced as received from the person or organization SR-67/68 (1981) onpeneeng (1 Minor changes have been mode to omproye repducuon queen? Points M view nt opinions stated in this docu meet do not moments represent official SHE position or poky Status Report on SPEECH RESEARCH A Report on the Status and Progress of Studies on the Nature of'Speech, Instrumentation for its Investigation, and Practical Applications 1 July - 31 December 1981 Haskins Laboratories 270 Crown Street New Haven, Conn. 06510 r Distribution of this document is unlimited. (This document contains no information not freely available to the general public. Haskins Laboratories distributes it primarily for library use. Copiesare available fromtheNationalTechnical Information Service or the ERIC Document Reproduction Service. See the Appendix for order numbers of previwas Status Reports.) C) SR-67/68 (1981) (July-December) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported here was made possible in part bysupport from the following sources: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant HD-01994 Grant HD-05677 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Contract NO1-HD-1-2420 National Institutes of Health" Biomedical Research Support Grant RR-05596 National Science Foundation Grant MCS79-16177 oirant PRF8006144 'ant MS-8111470 National D ce of NeurologiJal and Communicative Disord. ad Stroke Grant NS13870 Grant MS13617. National Institute of Educatioh Grant G-80-0178 4%, iii 3 SR-67/68 (;981) (July-December) HASKINS LABORATORIES Personnel in Speech ,Research Alvin M. Liberman,* President and Research Director Franklin S. Cooper, Associate Research Director Patrick W. Nye, Associate Research Director Raymond C. Huey, Treasurer Alice Dadourian, Secretary Investigators Technical and Support Staff Students Arthur S. Abramson* Eric L. Andreasson Suzanne Boyce Peter Alfonso* Margo Carter Tova Clayman Cinzia Avesani2 Elizabeth P. Clark Steven Eady Thomas Baer Vincent Gulisano Jo Estill Fredericka Bell-Berti* Donald Bailey Laurie B: Feldman 1Catherine Best Terry Halwes Carole E. Gelfer Gloria J. Borden* Sabina D. Koroluk Janette Henderson Susan Brady* Bruce Martin Charles Hoequist Giuseppe Cossu3 Agnes M. McKeon Robert Katz Robert Crowder Nancy O'Brien Peter Kugler Carol A. Fowler* Marilyn K. Parnell Gerald Lame Louis Goldstein Susan Ross Anthony Levas Vicki Hanson William P. Scully Harriet Magen Katherine S. Harris* Richard S. Sharkany Sharon Manuel Alice Healy Leonard Szubowicz Suzi Pollock Kiyoshi Honda1 Edward R. Wiley Brad Rakerd Leonard Katz* David Zeichner Daniel Recasens J. A. Scott Kelso Rosemarie Rotunno Andrea G. Levitt* Hyla Rubin Isabelle I. Liberman* Judith Rubin Leigh Lisker* Arnold Shapiro Virginia Mann* Suzanne Smith Charles Marshall Rosemary Szczesiul Ignatius G. Mattingly* Douglas Whalen Nancy S. McGarr* Deborah Wilkenfeld Lawrence J. Raphael* David Williams Bruno H. Repp Philip E. Rubin Elliot Saltzman Donald P. Shankweiler* Michael Studdert-Kennedy* Betty T:Aler* Michael T. Turvey* Mario Vayra2 Robert Verbrugge* * Part-time -Visiting from University of Tokyo, Japan -Visiting from Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy 3Visiting from Istituto Di Neuropsichiatria Infantile,Sassiri, Italy SR-67/68 (1981) (July-December) CONTENTS I. Manuscripts and Extended Reports Phonetic trading relations and context effects: New experimental evidence for a speech mode of perception--Bruno H. Repp 1 Temporal patterns of coarticulation: Lip rounding-- Fredericka Bell-Berti and Katherine S. Harris 41 Temporal constraints on anticipatory coarticulation-- Carole E. Gelfer, Katherine S. Harris, and Gary Hilt 57 Is a stop consonant released when followed by another stop consonant? Janette B. Henderson and Bruno H. Repp 71 Obstruent production by hearing-impaired speakers: Interarticulator timing and acoustics-- Nancy S. McGarr and Anders L5fcivist 83 On finding that speech is special--Alvin M. Liberman 107 Reading, prosody, and orthography--Deborah Wilkenfeld 145 Children's memory for recurring linguistic and nonlinguistic material in relation to reading ability--Isabelle Y. Liberman, Virginia A. Mann, Donald Shankweiler,-and Michelle Werfelman 155 Phonetic and auditory trading relations between acoustic cues in speech perception: Preliminary results--Bruno H. Repp 165 Production and perception of phonetic contrast during phonetic change--Paul J. Costa and Ignatius G. Mattingly 191 Decay of auditory memory in vowel discrimination-- Robert G. Crowder 197 The emergence of phonetic structure--Michael Studdert-Kennedy 217 0 Auditory information for breaking and bouncing events: A case study in ecological acoustics-- William H. Warren, Jr. and Robert R. Verbrugge 223 Speech and sign: Some comments from the event perspective. Report for the Language Work Group of the First International Conference on Event Perception-- Carol Fowl al2nd Brad Rakerd 241 Fricative-stop coarticulation: Acoustic and perceptual evidence--Bruno H. Repp and Virginia A. Mann 255 vii 5 II. Publications III. Appendix: DTIC and ERIC numbers (SR-21/22- SR-67/68) I. MANUSCRIPTS AND EXTENDED REPORTS ix PHONETIC TRADING RELATIONS AND CONTEXT EFFECTS: NEW EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR A SPEECH MODE OF PERCEPTION' Bruno H. Repp Abstract. This article reviews a variety of experimental findings, most of them obtainedinthe last few years, that show that the perception of phonetic distinctions relies ona multiplicity of acoustic cues and is sensitive to the surrounding context in very specific ways. Nearly all of these effects have correspondences in speech production, and they are readily explained by the assumption that listeners make continuous use of theirtacitknowledge of speech patterns. A generalauditory theory that doesnotmake reference to the specific origin aPifunction of speect can, at best, handle only a small portion of the wealthofphenomena reviewed here. Special emphasis is placed on several recent studies that obtained different patterns of results depending on whether identical stimuli were perceived as speech or as nonspeech. These findings provide strong empirical evidence for the existence of a special speech mode of perception. INTRODUCTION Speech isa specifically human capacity. Just as humans are uniquely enabled toproduce the complex stream of soundcalled speech,one might suppose that they make use of special perceptual mechanisms to decode this complex signal. Of course,since speech is remarkably different from all other environmental sounds, it is highly likely that there are perceptual and cognitive processes that occur only when speechis the input. Otherwise, speech simply would not beperceivedas what itis. To make sense,the question ofwhetherspeechperception isdifferent from other forms of perception is bestrestricted to thoseaspects ofspeechthat are not obviously unique, e.g., to its being an acoustic signal that can be described in the same physical terms as other environmental sounds. Then the question
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