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Updated General Technical Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound

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Updated General Technical Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound Updated general technical guidelines for the environmentally sound management of wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) K0760113 180607 Contents Contents .............................................................................................................2 Abbreviations and acronyms .............................................................................................................4 Units of measurement .............................................................................................................5 I. Introduction .............................................................................................................6 A. Scope............................................................................................................................6 B. About POPs..................................................................................................................7 II. Relevant provisions of the Basel and Stockholm conventions .................................................7 A. Basel Convention .........................................................................................................7 1. General provisions...........................................................................................7 2. POPs-related provisions...................................................................................8 B. Stockholm Convention...............................................................................................11 1. General provisions.........................................................................................11 2. Waste-related provisions................................................................................11 III. Issues under the Stockholm Convention to be addressed cooperatively with the Basel Convention ...........................................................................................................12 A. Low POP content .......................................................................................................12 B. Levels of destruction and irreversible transformation................................................13 C. Methods that constitute environmentally sound disposal...........................................14 IV. Guidance on environmentally sound management (ESM) .....................................................14 A. General considerations...............................................................................................14 1. Basel Convention...........................................................................................14 2. Stockholm Convention ..................................................................................15 3. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.........................15 B. Legislative and regulatory framework .......................................................................15 1. Phase-out dates for production and use of POPs ...........................................16 2. Transboundary movement requirements........................................................16 3. Specifications for containers, equipment, bulk containers and storage sites containing POPs.............................................................................................17 4. Health and safety ...........................................................................................17 5. Specification of acceptable analytical and sampling methods for POPs........17 6. Requirements for hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities.............17 7. General requirement for public participation.................................................17 8. Contaminated sites.........................................................................................18 9. Other legislative controls...............................................................................18 C. Waste prevention and minimization...........................................................................18 D. Identification and inventories.....................................................................................19 1. Identification..................................................................................................19 2. Inventories .....................................................................................................19 E. Sampling, analysis and monitoring ............................................................................21 1. Sampling........................................................................................................21 2. Analysis .........................................................................................................22 3. Monitoring.....................................................................................................23 F. Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage......................23 1. Handling ........................................................................................................24 2. Collection.......................................................................................................24 3. Packaging.......................................................................................................25 4. Labelling........................................................................................................25 5. Transportation................................................................................................25 2 6. Storage...........................................................................................................26 G. Environmentally sound disposal ................................................................................27 1. Pre-treatment .................................................................................................27 (a) Adsorption and absorption ................................................................27 (b) Dewatering ........................................................................................27 (c) Mechanical separation.......................................................................27 (d) Mixing...............................................................................................27 (e) Oil-water separation ..........................................................................27 (f) pH adjustment ...................................................................................27 (g) Size reduction....................................................................................27 (h) Solvent washing ................................................................................28 (i) Thermal desorption ...........................................................................28 2. Destruction and irreversible transformation methods....................................28 (a) Alkali metal reduction.......................................................................28 (b) Base-catalysed decomposition (BCD)...............................................30 (c) Catalytic hydrodechlorination (CHD) ...............................................32 (d) Cement kiln co-incineration ..............................................................33 (e) Gas-phase chemical reduction (GPCR).............................................34 (f) Hazardous-waste incineration ...........................................................36 (g) Photochemical dechlorination (PCD) and catalytic dechlorination (CD) reaction ..............................................37 (h) Plasma arc.........................................................................................38 (i) Potassium tert-Butoxide (t-BuOK) method.......................................39 (j) Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and subcritical water oxidation ................................................................40 (k) Thermal and metallurgical production of metals...............................41 (l) Waste-to-gas conversion ...................................................................43 3. Other disposal methods when neither destruction nor irreversible transformation is the environmentally preferable option............44 (a) Specially engineered landfill .............................................................45 (b) Permanent storage in underground mines and formations.................45 4. Other disposal methods when the POP content is low...................................46 H. Remediation of contaminated sites ............................................................................46 1. Contaminated site identification ....................................................................46 2. Environmentally sound remediation..............................................................46 I. Health and safety........................................................................................................46 1. Higher-risk situations.....................................................................................47 2. Lower-risk situations .....................................................................................48 J. Emergency response ..................................................................................................48 K. Public participation ....................................................................................................49 Annex I International instruments............................................................................................50
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