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The Electromagnetic Quantum Vacuum Warp Drive, JBIS, Vol AN ENGINEERING MODEL OF QUANTUM GRAVITY TODD J. DESIATO 1235 Longfellow Road, Vista, California, 92081, USA Email: [email protected] Phone: 949-528-6224 Abstract It is proposed that gravitational fields may be interpreted as a variation in the relative available driving power (Watts) of the Electromagnetic, Zero-Point Field (ZPF). It is shown that variations in the relative available power are covariant with variations in the coordinate speed of light as measured by a distant observer in unaltered space-time. Gravitational time dilation and length contraction may then be interpreted as a loss of driving power from the ZPF. It is hypothesized that the loss of power is due to increased radiative damping of matter, resulting from an increase in the local relative energy density which promotes this process. The relative radiative damping factor affects the relative ground state energy of the quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator such that, the mean-square fluctuations in matter reproduce the behavior attributed to, and resulting from variations in the space-time metric of General Relativity (GR). From this principle, all of the variations observed by a distant observer that occur due to gravity, or space-time curvature under GR may be reproduced from the variable relative damping function acting on the harmonic oscillator. What is presented herein, is an engineering model for quantum gravity that puts gravity in the hands of engineers, who will understand this process and will potentially advance artificial gravity and anti-gravity technology from pure speculation, to achievable endeavors in our lifetime. Keywords: Polarizable vacuum, electromagnetic zero-point field, quantum gravity, quantum physics, general relativity. Nomenclature g = metric tensor where, and are indices in this context = the relative dielectric susceptibility, to be used as the engineering control parameter K g/ g 11 00 = the relative refractive index of the vacuum as measured from a distant reference frame K 1 c0 = the speed of light in vacuum as measured in a local, inertial reference frame (m/s) cK c0 / K = the relative coordinate speed of light, as measured from a distant reference frame (m/s) x0 = an interval along the x axis as measured in a local, inertial reference frame (m) x x0 / K = an interval along the x axis as measured from a distant reference frame (m) t0 = an interval of time as measured in a local, inertial reference frame (s) t t0 K = an interval of time as measured from a distant reference frame (s) q 2 = squared magnitude of the electrical charge quantum e (C) = the reduced Planck's constant, h /2 (J-s/rad) 0 = the dielectric permittivity of vacuum as measured in a local, inertial reference frame (F/m) 0 = the dielectric permeability of vacuum as measured in a local, inertial reference frame (H/m) G = the gravitational constant (N-m2/kg2) 1 Updated: Sept. 18, 2016 1. INTRODUCTION If there is dissipation occurring within the oscillator, eventually the oscillation will decay to its lowest energy state. In a passive electronic Practically speaking, time is measured with a clock and space is oscillator circuit for example, there may be a sinusoidal power supply measured with a ruler. Each is a device used to compare with other (a.c. source) driving a resonant LC circuit [6]. In the circuit there identical devices at different sets of coordinates. The distant observer may be a resistance, R which dissipates power and damps the uses his own devices to establish a coordinate system with which to oscillation. Eventually, the source of power and the dissipation reach compare his observations to identical devices at distant coordinates. an equilibrium condition. He chooses for example, to observe the light emitted by distant supernovae and then compare them to the light of other similar In the case of matter, when it decays to its lowest energy state, it is events. From this data the distance to these events, and their motion in the ground-state where, the minimum energy is not zero [2, 7]. The relative to the observer is determined [1]. minimum energy is the equilibrium between a constant, uniform ZPF which drives the oscillators, and a variable damping function which Of course there are other ways to achieve this. This was just one damps them. The damping function is dependent on the local mass- example to illustrate the point, that measurements are made using energy density, which increases the radiative damping, resulting in physical tools of our choosing which are composed of some form of the observed behavior of oscillators in a gravitational field. Where, matter, and all matter must react to the physical effects of gravity in they have a lower ground state energy than they would in an the same way. There are no absolute rulers or absolute clocks that are unperturbed ZPF. In other words, the damping function lowers the impervious to the physical effects of gravity. relative ground state energy below that which the ZPF establishes as the natural ground state. In GR, this is interpreted as the gravitational In the reference frame of the distant observer, space and time field possessing negative energy density. appear to be variables, or curved when the local devices and the remote devices disagree. It is interpreted such that the remote devices In section 2, the physical effects of gravitation are derived from the are variables which undergo gravitational length contraction and time space-time metric of GR and associated with the variable refractive dilation in the presence of gravitational fields. This is not an illusion. index of the PV Model for illustration. In section 3, the quantum Time dilation and length contraction are real, physical effects whose vacuum processes that determine the ground state equilibrium action can be described using elementary quantum mechanics, and condition between matter and vacuum are discussed, in addition to the correct procedure to do so, which shall be shown here. the co-variant relationship between relative power and the relative coordinate velocity of light. The Engineering Model of Quantum Gravity presented here-in uses the reference frame of the distant observer because it allows all In section 4, the relative radiative damping factor is derived and observations to be consistently scaled without the need of the connection to gravity is established. It is shown that the variable complicated tensor coordinate transformations when working with metric coefficients result from variations in the radiative damping gravitational fields. In this presentation, gravity is treated as a scalar factor that reduces the relative available power of the ZPF, making it field. However, due to the quantum mechanical basis of the model vary in a way which may be interpreted as curved space-time. In itself, the quantum to classical correspondence principle will apply. section 5, the expected relationship is established between the relative Whereby, individual quantum oscillators behave in such a way that, damping factor and the local energy density, in accordance with GR. in large numbers their averages should reproduce the behavior of classical test particles in a curved space-time. 2. THE PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF GRAVITATION That being said, it is necessary to drop any notion of doing It has been shown that a gravitational field may be interpreted as a quantum field theory on a curved space-time manifold. In this model, variable refractive index that alters space-time and determines the space-time is considered to be perfectly flat. As such, the typical relative scale of rulers and clocks in the altered region, as measured equations of QED in flat space-time will be applied (See Milonni for by a distant observer in an unaltered region of space-time [3, 4, 5]. A example.) [2]. brief introduction to the physical effects that engineers will encounter when working with modified space-time and matter, in the context of Engineers are clever, but aside from the calibration of the Global GR and the PV Model, will be presented in this section. Positioning Satellite network, we really don’t know what to do with space-time curvature as a means to manipulate gravity. The Gravitic One obvious disadvantage of working with GR from the Caliper is not a tool in our toolbox. Likewise, referring to perspective of a local observer is that the speed of light remains gravitational fields as a variable refractive index, as is done in the constant in the local inertial reference frame. Observers in the local Polarizable Vacuum (PV) Model of GR [3, 4, 5] adds some frame cannot measure light moving faster than c , the speed of light pedagogical value to gravitational fields, but does not address the 0 pressing issue of; “What to do to create or mimic gravity?” What in vacuum. Nor can they measure light moving slower than c0 , in the engineers require is a more practical set of tools to work with when local vacuum using rulers and clocks immersed in the same local dealing with the effects of gravitational fields, so that they can vacuum. Therefore, it is advantageous for engineers to understand acquire a deeper understanding of the “Nuts and Bolts” regarding, what to expect, what to look for and why there is a need to make how gravity and matter interact. observations from the perspective of a distant observer in an unaltered reference frame, outside of the effects to be measured. Space-time curvature is a useful, mathematical description of the available data regarding gravity, but it is not the only useful In GR, the four-dimensional line element is given by the interpretation of the data. The interpretation presented herein, expression, describes gravitational time dilation and length contraction in the proximity of increased mass-energy densities, as a physical effect 2 acting on clocks and rulers at the quantum scale.
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