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Convicts who had served their term and were now free an increase in crime men may have been one reason for The during the late 19th century. in Western Supreme Court building was opened in 1903 and the first case heard there resulted in , an ex-convict, robbery with violence. Eric to death for being sentenced was tried and the last person hung in WA, Edgar Cooke, murder at the Supreme Court in 1964. The convicted for and some courtrooms are foyer decorated elaborately open to the public. were more likely Australia Western to Convicts transportees people than crimes against other to be guilty of to were also more likely They colonies. Australian to other background, be artisans and urban an from come have violent criminals its less retaining started literate. Britain for Australia to transported the number at home, causing increase. violent crimes to committing Street Walk out through the gardens to Barrack it Street until on Barrack north and continue line. Street over the railway Beaufort changes into after Centre the Perth Cultural Turn left to enter crossing Roe Street. The received 234 juvenile male convicts male convicts 234 juvenile received Colony River The Swan 1842 between Prison Parkhurst Wight’s the Isle of from on were pardoned the boys the colony in 1849. Once and local with apprenticeships began that they two conditions: were they sentence, their of the term and, during employers; convicted. were they which in to the country unable to return

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OTHER CITY WALKING TRAILS: WALKING CITY OTHER

(except Good Friday, ANZAC Day and Christmas Day) Christmas and Day ANZAC Friday, Good (except

central Perth and the foreshore. the and Perth central

servicing East Perth, Northbridge, West Perth, West Perth, Perth, Northbridge, East servicing

The trail intersects with the city’s free CAT buses buses CAT free city’s the with intersects trail The

trail anywhere along the way. the along trail anywhere

hours. You can join in or depart from the the from depart or in join can You hours. This self-guided trail will take up to two two to up take will trail self-guided This .

ST GEORGES TERRACE ST STIRLING OLD COURT HOUSE LAW MUSEUM GOVERNMENT HOUSE affairs, while Audrey wentAudrey while a wealthy on to wedaffairs, 3 4 Government House is the only vice-regal residence in House is the only Government after King built in the style known as ‘Jacobean’ Australia James I of . Built by convicts and free men, the but the building was not stone was laid in 1859, foundation House grounds of Government 1864. The fully complete untli their beauty and much of the original are well-known for layout from the 1850s and 1860s has been preserved. House are open to the public The gardens of Government most Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from 12noon to 2pm. Telephone: 08 9429 9199. for bound a on Gidley met Cyril Jacob Audrey 1923 In and engineer young charming was a He Australia. Western while 1925, In Perth. in arriving upon engaged became they using man a overheard business, Cyril Singapore on in off broke swiftly He conversation’. ‘bar in name Audrey’s Audrey When distress. Audrey’s engagement despite their months several dance House Government at a Cyril saw the dance on to speak to him effort her he rejected later, her from a gun pulled Audrey humiliated, Publicly floor. witnesses, point blank. Despite dozens of shot him purse and was Audrey and accident as an was treated the shooting been to have found was Cyril murder. with not charged from engagement rings of collection a with schemer a previous in American towards Barrack Walk west along the Stirling Gardens at the path Street and enter Follow the pathway the bronze kangaroos. before towards the Supreme Court. Almost hidden behind the exotic trees of Stirling Gardens is the original Court House (1836), the oldest surviving building Perth. The first European executed in the colony, in central to death here in 1844 and hanged John Gavin, was sentenced The Old the Round House, . of publicly in front Court House is now the Old Court House Law Museum which law museums in the world and is houses one of only a few open Tuesday to Friday 10am to 4pm. Although the Swan River Colony was established as a free Although the Swan River introduced was in 1829, convict transportation settlement a cheap and plentiful for in 1850 to answer the demand population. The introduction the small supply of labour for caused much debate and immigrants of these reluctant that their who feared amongst the residents, controversy class. by the convict tainted free colony would be forever only 18 years, the legacy lasted Whilst convict transport the city and of this period is embedded in the streets of of the State. the folklore

• CONVICTS • & COLONIALS • WALKING TRAIL • CORNER ST GEORGES TERRACE & PIER STREET GEORGES TERRACE CORNER ST THE DEANERY who arrived on the Pyranees in 1851, had a multitude a 1851, had in the Pyranees on who arrived 2 In the 1830s the Government installed a public whipping In the 1830s the Government criminals to be exposed post and stocks on this site for through with the aim of reducing crime to mockery, were deemed public humiliation. The mildest of offences punishable; in 1833 two children who had been caught gardens were placed stealing fruit from the Government were ordered to flog in the stocks and their parents them publicly. It was also briefly the location of Perth’s lock-up, prior to the completion of first gaol, a temporary Streets and Francis on the corner of Beaufort lock-up was constantly in 1856. However this temporary as the inmates escaped easily from the mud mocked, style gothic house now walled structure. The romantic men and by ticket-of-leave seen here was built in 1859 1953. housed the Anglican Deans of Perth until a Butcher, John elaborate tattoos. had convicts Many convict 1st June woman; the date soldier; a a including art body of a mermaid; two crucifix; his right arm; a on bracelet 1845; a reed. a and olive thistle; an rose; a a hearts; three barrows; on have to convicts for tattoo a popular was The crucifix the appearance it gave flogged were they if backs, as their punished. was being that Christ himself to at the Pier Street lights Cross St Georges Terrace House. view Government

CORNER HAY & BARRACK STREETS & BARRACK CORNER HAY

convicts could live as free men. as live could convicts 1 A ticket-of-leave was granted to a convict after a specified a specified after convict to a was granted ticket-of-leave A men Ticket-of-leave his behaviour. on period, depending to report but had choice, their to the district of travel could after year a twice and arrival magistrate on to the town the magistrate to from pass a as carrying well that as for work to were allowed they Although the district. leave marry, property and and land others, own and themselves ticket carry their and 10pm indoors after to be had they after be granted could pardon conditional A times. at all former the was served, allowing sentence the original half certificate while a wished, they if the colony to leave convicts the ensured sentence full the of at the end freedom of former Street, turn left at St Walk south down Barrack and head towards Pier Street. Georges Terrace Between 1850 and 1868, nearly 10,000 male convicts were to overcome a drastic to transported labour shortage that was holding back the development of the Swan River Colony. Many were specially selected to because of their artisan skills come to Western Australia and, with good behaviour and backbreaking labour, could a conditional and eventually receive their ticket-of-leave release. The Perth Town Hall was built by these men between 1867 and 1870, to a design by and James Manning. It is said that a team of 15 three years to complete the every day for convicts worked building. As the only convict-built town hall in Australia, colourful stories exist about special messages encoded in the building’s design. The small windows of the tower are said to resemble the broad arrows emblazoned on and a hangman’s rope design the convicts’ uniforms These convict messages surrounds the Hall’s clock faces. are a hoax—the broad arrow merely signified government property—but the tales are still told.

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Ozone ReserveEAST PERTH CEMETERIES 9 WATERLOO CRESCENT

Saints or sinners, death gets us all in the end. The East

Perth Cemeteries is the finalPoint resting place of a cross- section of society includingFraser judges, lawyers, criminals and ex-convicts. Up to 10,000 people may have been buried here but only about 800 identified graves remain. Some of the graves were disrupted when the former Perth Girls School was situated on the grounds. The East Perth Cemeteries is open from 2pm to 4pm Sundays. Telephone: 08 9321 6088. George William Steel was born in 1825 in England and lived in a notorious slum area in known as “Devils Acre”, working as a tinsmith. He was convicted of assaulting a man in a drinking house and robbing him and was sentenced to 20 years transportation, arriving in Perth in 1851. George was granted his ticket-of-leave within two years of arriving and Heirisson in 1854 married Anne Lowham in the Wesley Chapel, Perth. Island WESTERN AUSTRALIAN ART GALLERY OF ST MARY’S CATHEDRAL He continued to work at his trade in Perth and was granted 6 7 8 41 VICTORIA SQUARE a conditional pardon in 1858. He died on 11 November 1865 MUSEUM WESTERN AUSTRALIA and was buried in the East Perth Cemeteries. , JAMES STREET MALL PERTH CULTURAL CENTRE, JAMES STREET MALL By 1854, Catholics made up to 18 per cent of the colony’s In the late 1860s the British Government reviewed its policy Perth is the only Australian capital city with a cultural The Art Gallery of Western Australia’s long low population, partly due to the number of Irish convicts sent of transportation and the last , the , centre developed around an old prison. At the very heart administration block, directly facing the WA Museum, to Western Australia. The oldest Catholic church in Western arrived in the Swan River Colony on 10 January 1868 with of the Western Australian Museum is the gaol built by was designed by Hillson Beasley and completed in 1905 Australia, the Pro-Cathedral of St John the Evangelist, was 229 convicts aboard. Convict labour continued to be used convicts in 1853–54, where hangings were first held in 1855 as a barracks for unmarried constables. It later housed built in 1846. This is where the Sisters of Mercy started for some time in Western Australia, relying on local prisoners in an execution yard on the south side. Hangings were police divisions including the Special Branch, which was Mercedes College, the oldest existing girl’s school in Australia. and convicts yet to serve the remainder of their sentences. public exhibitions with an audience of all ages and sexes set up to investigate “possible rebellious activities by It wasn’t long before the Pro-Cathedral was felt to be too About a third of the convicts left the Swan River Colony after until 1884 when the front and sides of the scaffold were suspected Communists and others”. The elegant French- modest for the growing Catholic population, and in 1863 work serving their time but many settled down to make a life for boarded in because of complaints. Today, the museum style courthouse next door, designed by Beasley and commenced on St Mary’s Cathedral at Victoria Square, which themselves in the Colony. Their descendants can proudly exhibitions tell of Perth’s social, political and natural George Temple Poole, once hosted a daily parade of drunks was constructed in the Gothic style. Substantial additions point out the important work these men did in building the history. and trouble-makers. The former courthouse is now the were made to the cathedral in the 1920s, but it was never city, including buildings that still stand today. fully completed due to lack of funds. In 2006 work began to Centenary Gallery with a display of colonial-era arts and Joseph Bolitho Johns, better known in Western Australian complete the Cathedral by adding a new North-West tower crafts and the cells and dock remain intact. The Art Gallery folklore as Joe, arrived aboard the convict and nave section in a contemporary design. The Cathedral of Western Australia is open 10am to 5pm daily (except transport Pyrenees in April 1853. In 1861 on his ticket-of- Tuesdays). Telephone: 08 9492 6600. underwent a $32.9m refurbishment in December 2009. leave, Joe stole a horse and added insult to injury by using At this courthouse on the evening of April 23, 1907 In contrast to many other buildings on this trail, Benedictine the local magistrate’s brand new saddle and bridle to ride it. He continued a colourful career of crime and escape, disgruntled former police officer Frederick Tyler exploded monks provided the main labour for St Mary’s Cathedral. spending time in the Mount Eliza Convict Depot, as well as into Commissioner Fred Hare’s office firing a pistol. With his Like the convicts, they were a cheap source of labour, walking lawful work assisting a carpenter in Perth and Fremantle. gun blazing, the first shot missed however an ensuing struggle six miles a day between their quarters in Subiaco and the Well into his 70s, having been granted his freedom years resulted in the Commissioner being shot in the shoulder. building site and working every minute of daylight. However, before, Joe was found wandering the streets of South Perth Luckily the defective ammunition and the Commissioners’ the monks, with a great deal of masonry experience, were and taken into custody for “being of unsound mind”. He heavily starched shirt deflected the bullet. Tyler was far more skilled than the convict labour available. The new was ordered to the Mount Eliza Invalid Depot for medical promptly taken into custody and imprisoned for 10 years. cathedral was the envy of the strong Anglican population. attention but escaped, possibly not realising in his confusion Retrace your steps southwards along Walk down Lord Street, turn right onto Wellington that the site was no longer a place of detention. He died in and turn left onto Murray Street. Walk eastwards to Street and follow it around to Waterloo Crescent. August that year at the Fremantle Lunatic Asylum. Victoria Square. Alternatively take the Yellow CAT Bus from Wellington Street.

EXCERPT FROM THE BALLAD OF In the Darling Ranges, many years ago, There lived a daring outlaw, |by the name of ‘Moondyne Joe’. He stole the squatter’s horses, and a sheep or two or three, He loved to roam the countryside, and swore he would be free. The troopers said we’ll catch him, but we know it’s all in vain, Every time we lock him up he breaks right out again. ‘Cause in he goes, and out he goes, and off again he’ll go, There’s not a gaol in W. A. can keep in ‘Moondyne Joe’.

18-107 MAY2018