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A Wireless Architecture for a Multimedia World

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A Wireless Architecture for a Multimedia World Mike Short and Fred Harrison A Wireless Architecture for a Multimedia World This article provides an overview of a mobile GSM). This article summarises some of the wireless architecture as it evolves to serve application demand drivers, the architectural elements of devices, services, and networks, applications anywhere, such that voice and takes us towards an all IP world, and applications innovation are more fully enabled in concludes with the relationship with wireless the data world. LAN technology. Market Introduction The cellular world should serve over The wireless industry is rapidly moving 1 billion customers before the middle of from voice to data services, from a verbal 2002, but what is very significant is the to a visual world of applications with proportion of customers that are GSM increasing mobility of services—a world of based and the growing interest in non-voice applications anywhere. services. A recent forecast by Strategy Whilst these services are facilitated by Analytics for the UK forecast a five-fold roaming, the cellular GSM roadmap also growth in non-voice revenues between 2001 needs to maintain international economies and 2006 (see Figure 1). of scale and scope. With over 700 million Many of these services may be advanced GSM customers worldwide in 175 coun- forms of messaging, mobile entertainment tries, the benefit of shared research and and location-based services, but it is clear development is likely to be maintained for that the potential for a wide range of years to come, as GSM evolves into the applications needs to be supported by third generation (3G) of mobile and robust and open standards and a clear provides for greater interoperability with architecture roadmap. This is all the more new technologies such as wireless LAN. important as the role of application The international approach to mobility developers and third-party wholesalers will also requires a focus on an open wireless need clear business interfaces in order to architecture and standards, to enable deliver these services to market. applications anywhere, as we move from 2G Evidence of the initial uplift in demand (GSM) to 2½G (general packet radio service for non-voice mobile services can be seen The authors are with mmO2. (GPRS) or packet GSM) to 3G (multimedia from Figure 2. The Mobile Data Association (MDA) releases the UK total monthly SMS Figure 1 Applications, applications, applications... figures. This illustrates how the UK short message service (SMS) totals have grown UK mobile data applications forecast 2000–2006 from 22 million per day to 44 million per day from December 2000 to February 2002 12 respectively. The MDA forecast for the UK Messaging is 60 million per day for December 2002. Information 10 Services The growth in mobile data will repre- LBS sent some key interoperability challenges if Entertainment we do not work to consistent standards and 8 Other clear interfaces for the wide range of M-Commerce applications foreseen. One of the key 6 Advertising lessons learnt with SMS growth was that working with competitors and third-party US$ Billions US$ 4 channels helps to grow the overall market for mobile data, more than one party can achieve on its own. 2 Technology Roadmap 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 The traditional standards-based technology Source: Strategy Analytics, 2001 roadmap in second-generation digital can be seen in accordance with Figure 3. 14 The Journal of The Communications Network ● Volume 1 Part 1 ● April–June 2002 Figure 2 Text messaging growth (SMS): Devices Architecture UK GSM network operator totals The first element of the end-to-end architec- 50 ture addresses the mobile device architec- ture. It is critical to accept that mobile thin clients may have some limitations in terms 40 of memory, processing power, display, and battery life, but these can be compensated for through added utility, mobility and 30 functionality. The technological break- Million throughs foreseen also should enable many Messages enhancements, illustrated in Figure 5. per Day 20 This is a significant evolution from the initial GSM devices which included a highly standardised physical layer and a 10 common basic service set of voice and messaging. A more open architecture is emerging where applications and content 0 can be added in a customised way. Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb The timing of these features will depend 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 02 02 on many industry supply factors, but the Source: UK Mobile Data Association capabilities of mobile devices moving www.text.it towards more variety and new personal The mobile data revolution has been Figure 3 Technology roadmap significantly enhanced with the addition of 2½G or packet GSM technologies across the O2 footprint. This phase of market develop- ment clearly adds many new devices, UMTS (3G) applications and revenues that cannot be fully Multimedia Services foreseen from a standards viewpoint alone. All-IP Networks The third-generation stage of our industry is one characterised by multimedia Information Services GPRS services and plans for ‘all IP’ networks. This Product will encourage many more new devices, Developments multimedia applications and further Mobile WAP interoperability challenges. The additional VPN spectrum coupled with ‘all IP’ networks will also allow for more capacity and cost GSM reduction potential, in addition to offering Voice/Data more applications. The emphasis on high speed should not be seen as the only 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Time characteristic of this third-generation stage. Architecture Overview Figure 4 End-to-end architecture The emphasis on open, international and non-proprietary standards is vital for the Network Infrastructure Service Layer evolution of our industry. The benefits Application Tier arising from these standards include: Applications • shared research and development; Third-Party Applications • economies of scale for networks, devices Portal and applications; APIs • roaming—both internationally and nationally; Middle Tier • variety of devices; Radio Access RAN/UTRAN Core Network Core • applications diversity; and IP Service Access Information Repository • cost reduction. Clients Devices/Thin Mobile However, these benefits would be lost if Service Enabling Tier a coherent architecture was not maintained based on standards. Operators in the O2 footprint have adopted the architecture OSS based on an end-to-end format as shown in BSS Figure 4. The Journal of The Communications Network ● Volume 1 Part 1 ● April–June 2002 15 Figure 5 Mobile device architecture digital assistant (PDA) formats should not be underestimated. Examples of new devices can be seen from the montage of thin clients in Figure 6. The characteristics of these devices include many new categories and Radio Service EnablingTier form factors; some multi-application devices for example, SMS, Air interfaces, multi-band, and some optimised for specific services (for location info, IN User Interface multi-mode, codecs example, mobile banking); and many with for example, display added functionality and complexity! control bar Packet GSM devices are already Middle Tier Content Core available on the market so the visions of Interactions with core for example, for example, MP3 file network elements; terminals shown in Figure 7 are being WAP gateways, web forexample, USSD replaced by real O2 business products. optimisation Applications for pre-pay The O RIM Blackberry includes ‘always for example, media 2 player, browser on’ GPRS capability, reaching potential Portal IP Service Access speeds equivalent to ISDN (subject to the APIs GPRS bearer service, application and network load) includes an for example, for example, physical, Access to Internet and web browsers SDKs integrated suite of applications, and is corporate intranets Service Core based on an open programming environ- TM for example, voice, ment (JAVA ). The services include: mmO and Third- IP/GPRS stack Corporate Network • push email, contacts, calendar; 2 Party Applications Operating System Access • Exchange/Outlook; for example, Corporate email, intranet • Lotus Notes; for example, pocket PC, Symbian Access; for • cradle synchronisation; and push content, pull data example, Blackberry RIM Software • triple DES security. for example, This has already attracted over 250 Operational Supportcodecs Business Support corporate customers. for example, Hardware for example, charging The O Handspring Treo has been status and event logs 2 for example, information Service management, developed by O in partnership with radio, memory 2 QoS negotiations Handspring. It is the first European integrated Palm OS Wireless Communica- tor. It covers three models the Treo 180, 180G and 270 colour model. The services Figure 6 Wireless thin clients/mobile devices 16 The Journal of The Communications Network ● Volume 1 Part 1 ● April–June 2002 Figure 7 Packet GSM devices include mobile phone, wireless email, SMS, and Internet access. Microsoft Outlook and Lotus Notes capability. The GPRS device roll-out starts in Q2 2002. The O2 XDA has been developed by O2 together with Microsoft as a GPRS PDA. Based on Microsoft Pocket PC 2002, it has a colour screen and offers mobile phone, email, fax, and Internet browser functional- ity. It includes over-the-air synchronisation, Outlook for calendar/contact/email, and RIM Blackberry Handspring Treo XDA will synchronise with Word, Excel and Packet PC. The roll-out of XDA devices will start in Q2 2002. It has already had
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