THE 11TH WORLD CONGRESS on the Relationship Between Neurobiology and Nano-Electronics Focusing on Artificial Vision
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Randal Koene Page 3
CRYONICS 4th Quarter 2019 | Vol 40, Issue 4 www.alcor.org Scholar Profile: Randal Koene page 3 Cryonics in China and Australia Cryonics and Public Skepticism: page 19 Meeting The Challenges to Our Credibility page 24 CRYONICS Editorial Board Contents Saul Kent Ralph C. Merkle, Ph.D. R. Michael Perry, Ph.D. 3 Scholar Profile: Randal Koene Accomplished neuroscientist and founder of the only dedicated Editor whole brain emulation nonprofit in existence, Dr. Randal Koene Aschwin de Wolf is no stranger to standing out. Responsible for coining the term Contributing Writers that put this niche but growing field on the map, Koene is working Ben Best hard to make humans more adaptable than ever before. In his Randal Koene R. Michael Perry, Ph.D. vision of the future, minds will be substrate-independent, with Nicole Weinstock full or even enhanced functioning on a limitless and changing Aschwin de Wolf menu of platforms. Copyright 2019 by Alcor Life Extension Foundation 19 Cryonics in China and Australia All rights reserved. Ben Reports on the emerging cryonics industry in China and the plans to create a Reproduction, in whole or part, new cryonics organization in Australia. without permission is prohibited. 24 FOR THE RECORD Cryonics magazine is published Cryonics and Public Skepticism: Meeting the Challenges to Our quarterly. Credibility Cryonics has been viewed with skepticism or hostility by some, including some Please note: If you change your scientists, ever since it started in the 1960s, even though (we like to remind the address less than a month before the naysayers) its intended basis is strictly scientific. -
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State-of-the-Art Review Section Editors: Grant T. Liu, MD Randy H. Kardon, MD, PhD Update on Retinal Prosthetic Research: The Boston Retinal Implant Project Joseph F. Rizzo III, MD Abstract: The field of retinal prosthetic research, now more pathway in the retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate body, than 20 years old, has produced many high-quality technical and the primary or higher visual cortical regions. Each options that have the potential to restore vision to patients approach has advantages and disadvantages. There is no with acquired disease of the outer retina. Five companies have performed Phase I clinical trials demonstrating that clear benefit to one approach or the other. blind patients can reliably report basic elements of visual The first attempt to build a visual prosthesis dates back to percepts induced by electrical stimulation. However, at the 1970s (1). In the late 1980s, 2 research groups, one present patients and observers generally do not consider based at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Harvard the results to be useful enough in the performance of tasks Medical School and the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- of daily living to justify the risks of surgery and chronic implantation or the costs. Having developed a wireless nology and the other at the North Carolina State University device implanted in the subretinal space, the Boston Ret- and the Duke University, simultaneously began to in- inal Implant Project has focused its efforts on developing vestigate the development of a retinal prosthesis. The former scalable technologies to create a hermetic device that can consortium now includes the Boston Veterans Adminis- deliver individually controlled pulses of electrical stimula- tration Hospital as an integral partner. -
Retinal Prostheses: Progress Toward the Next Generation Implants
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector MINI REVIEW published: 20 August 2015 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00290 Retinal prostheses: progress toward the next generation implants Diego Ghezzi* Medtronic Chair in Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland In the last decade, various clinical trials proved the capability of visual prostheses, in particular retinal implants, to restore a useful form of vision. These encouraging results promoted the emerging of several strategies for neuronal stimulation aiming at the restoration of sight. Besides the traditional approach based on electrical stimulation through metal electrodes in the different areas of the visual path (e.g., the visual cortex, the lateral geniculate nucleus, the optic nerve, and the retina), novel concepts for neuronal stimulation have been mostly exploited as building blocks of the next generation of retinal implants. This review is focused on critically discussing recent major advancements in Edited by: the field of retinal stimulation with particular attention to the findings in the application Michele Giugliano, of novel concepts and materials. Last, the major challenges in the field and their clinical University of Antwerp, Belgium implications will be outlined. Reviewed by: Guillermo Peris Fajarnes, Keywords: vision, retinal prosthesis, photovoltaic stimulation, thermal stimulation, ultrasonic stimulation University of Valencia, Spain Karl Farrow, Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Introduction Belgium *Correspondence: Low vision and blindness can result when any step of the visual pathway (the cornea, the lens, Diego Ghezzi, the retina, the optic nerve, the thalamus, and the visual cortex) is altered or sustains damage. -
Roger Sperry “Split-Brain” Experiment on Cats
Thinking about Thought • Introduction • The Brain • Philosophy of Mind • Dreams and • Cognitive Models Emotions • Machine Intelligence • Language • Life and • Modern Physics Organization • Consciousness • Ecology 1 Session Six: The Brain for Piero Scaruffi's class "Thinking about Thought" at UC Berkeley (2014) Roughly These Chapters of My Book “Nature of Consciousness”: 7. Inside the Brain 2 Prelude to the Brain • A word of caution: everything we think about the brain comes from our brain. • When I say something about the brain, it is my brain talking about itself. 3 Prelude to the Brain • What is the brain good at? • Recognizing! 4 Prelude to the Brain • What is the brain good at? Who is younger? 5 Behaviorism vs Cognitivism 6 Behaviorism • William James – The brain is built to ensure survival in the world – Cognitive faculties cannot be abstracted from the environment that they deal with – The brain is organized as an associative network – Associations are governed by a rule of reinforcement 7 Behaviorism • Behaviorism – Ivan Pavlov • Learning through conditioning: if an unconditioned stimulus (e.g., a bowl of meat) that normally causes an unconditioned response (e.g., the dog salivates) is repeatedly associated with a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a bell), the conditioned stimulus (the bell) will eventually cause the unconditioned response (the dog salivates) without any need for the unconditioned stimulus (the bowl of meat) • All forms of learning can be reduced to conditioning phenomena 8 Behaviorism • Behaviorism – Burrhus Skinner (1938) • A person does what she does because she has been "conditioned" to do that, not because her mind decided so. -
Cochlear Implant for the Deaf
Introduction to Neural Prosthesis Sung June Kim Neural Prosthetic Engineering 1 Neural Prosthesis • A device that connects directly with the nervous system to replace or supplement sensory or motor function. • A device that improves the quality of life of a neurologically impaired individual so much that he/she is willing to put up with the surgery, gadgetry, etc. Neural Prosthetic Engineering 2 Successful Areas of Neural Prosthesis • (Bionic Ear) • Hearing: Cochlear Implant • Vision: Retinal Implant • Parkinson’s Disease: DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation) Neural Prosthetic Engineering 3 Why these three? • Success in Cochlear Implant • The other two were inspired by its (the CI’s) success. • The Cochlear and Retinal implants are sensory prosthetics, using electrical stimulation of neurons. • The DBS deals with motion disability yet uses CI like neuronal stimulation. Neural Prosthetic Engineering 4 Why was CI so successful? • Spatially isolated space was available for the electrode array. The electrode array was still electrically connected to the target neurons. • Timely development of the transistor based microelectronics technologies that made the electronics small (wearable, implantable) but powerful. http://www.cochlearamericas.com/ Neural Prosthetic Engineering 5 What are needed in NP? (1) • External unit is needed if there is a signal to process. • Speech is the signal to process in Cochlear Implant • Image is the signal to process in Retinal Implant • There is no external signal to process in DBS. External Unit Neural Prosthetic Engineering 6 Speech Processor, An example of External Unit 7 www. bionicear.com, www.medel.com, www.cochlear.com Neural Prosthetic Engineering What are needed in NP? (2) • Internal Unit (Implantable Unit) • This unit generates electrical signals, and apply them to the array of electrodes that stimulate target neurons. -
The Bionic Eye…A New Vision of the Future
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2019): 7.583 The Bionic Eye…A New Vision of the Future Abhinn D. Suthar1, Tejas R. Suthar2 1 MIT School of Bioengineering Science and Research, MIT ADT University, Pune, India 2MIT College of Food Technology, MIT ADT University, Pune, India (Correspondence Author) Abstract: Artificial vision is new emerging revolutionary technique that allows blind people to see. This can be possible by visual implants like either camera or photoreceptors array. A specialist can perform the best supernatural art of providing new vision to individual who has lost his/her visualizing power or eye sight. A visual prosthesis or bionic eye is a type of neural prosthesis expected to mostly re-establish lost vision or intensify existing vision brought about by a visual observation in patients with retinal pathologies like retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. In this article we have represented the different aspects related to technological advancement in implanting bionic eye. The essential capacity of the gadget to get the pictures utilizing a camera, convert it to electric signs and in the long run animate the left-over more advantageous pieces of the visual pathway. The embed visual prosthesis depends on a little chip that is precisely embedded behind the retina, at the rear of the eye ball. Virtual protheses like automated retinal systems are a new and innovative solution to extreme vision impairment care. We have also included the history of advancement in prosthetic and surgical process of embedding bionic eye. -
Electronic Approaches to Restoration of Sight
Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Electronic approaches to restoration of sight This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2016 Rep. Prog. Phys. 79 096701 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0034-4885/79/9/096701) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 171.64.108.170 This content was downloaded on 09/08/2016 at 17:30 Please note that terms and conditions apply. IOP Reports on Progress in Physics Reports on Progress in Physics Rep. Prog. Phys. Rep. Prog. Phys. 79 (2016) 096701 (29pp) doi:10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/096701 79 Review 2016 Electronic approaches to restoration of sight © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd G A Goetz1,2 and D V Palanker1,3 RPPHAG 1 Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 2 Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 096701 3 Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] G A Goetz and D V Palanker Received 11 November 2014, revised 11 April 2016 Accepted for publication 23 May 2016 Electronic approaches to restoration of sight Published 9 August 2016 Abstract Printed in the UK Retinal prostheses are a promising means for restoring sight to patients blinded by the gradual atrophy of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration. They are designed to reintroduce ROP information into the visual system by electrically stimulating surviving neurons in the retina. This review outlines the concepts and technologies behind two major approaches to retinal prosthetics: epiretinal and subretinal. -
Synaptic Communication Engineering for Future Cognitive Brain-Machine Interfaces Mladen Veletic´ and Ilangko Balasingham, Senior Member, IEEE
PROCEEDINGS OF IEEE 1 Synaptic Communication Engineering for Future Cognitive Brain-machine Interfaces Mladen Veletic´ and Ilangko Balasingham, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—Disease-affected nervous systems exhibit anatomical with these complications, three classes of brain implants, or physiological impairments that degrade processing, transfer, called brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) or neural implants, storage, and retrieval of neural information leading to physical or are designed for providing clinical means for detection and intellectual disabilities. Brain implants may potentially promote clinical means for detecting and treating neurological symptoms treatment. by establishing direct communication between the nervous and • Sensory BMIs deliver physical stimuli (e.g., sound, sight, artificial systems. Current technology can modify neural function touch, pain, and warmth) to the sensory organs for at the supracellular level as in Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and depression. However, recent advances in nanotechnology, the correction of auditory, occipital, and somatosensory nanomaterials, and molecular communications have the potential malfunctions. Examples of sensory BMIs are cochlear to enable brain implants to preserve the neural function at and retinal implants, that translate external auditory and the subcellular level which could increase effectiveness, decrease visual content into sensory firings that could be perceived energy consumption, and make the leadless devices chargeable by patients suffering from deafness and blindness, respec- from outside the body or by utilizing the body’s own energy sources. In this study, we focus on understanding the principles of tively [9]. elemental processes in synapses to enable diagnosis and treatment • Motor BMIs deliver brain signals to the organs or muscles of brain diseases with pathological conditions using biomimetic that have lost functional mobility due to traumatic injury synaptically interactive brain-machine interfaces. -
James Phillips CV
Curriculum Vitae James Otho Phillips, Ph.D. Personal Data Place of Birth Portland, Oregon Citizenship USA Education: Pomona College, B.A. 1977 Claremont, CA English literature University of Washington Ph.D. 1993 Seattle, WA Psychology and Physiology > separate qualifying and general examinations in each discipline, doctoral committee from Arts and Sciences and from School of Medicine, and two-part dissertation containing behavioral and neurophysiological studies > Psychology specialization in neuropsychology of memory and learning > Physiology specialization in oculomotor and vestibular neurophysiology Postgraduate Training: Post-doctoral and Senior Fellowships 1993-1997 Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Washington, Seattle, WA Faculty Positions Held: Research Asst. Professor 1998-2002 Department of Otolaryngology - HNS University of Washington, Seattle, WA Research Asst. Professor 1998-2002 Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center Seattle, WA Research Assoc. Professor 2003-2016 Department of Otolaryngology - HNS University of Washington, Seattle, WA Research Assoc. Professor 2003-2016 Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center Seattle, WA Adjunct Research Associate Professor 2016 Speech and Hearing Sciences University of Washington, Seattle, WA Phillips, J.O. 2 Hospital Positions Held: Vestibular-Oculomotor Physiologist, Medical Staff, Consulting 2000-2016 Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, -
Artificial Intelligence and the Singularity
Artificial Intelligence and the Singularity piero scaruffi www.scaruffi.com October 2014 - Revised 2016 "The person who says it cannot be done should not interrupt the person doing it" (Chinese proverb) Piero Scaruffi • piero scaruffi [email protected] [email protected] Olivetti AI Center, 1987 Piero Scaruffi • Cultural Historian • Cognitive Scientist • Blogger • Poet • www.scaruffi.com www.scaruffi.com 3 This is Part 5 • See http://www.scaruffi.com/singular for the index of this Powerpoint presentation and links to the other parts 1. Classic A.I. - The Age of Expert Systems 2. The A.I. Winter and the Return of Connectionism 3. Theory: Knowledge-based Systems and Neural Networks 4. Robots 5. Bionics 6. Singularity 7. Critique 8. The Future 9. Applications 10. Machine Art 11. The Age of Deep Learning www.scaruffi.com 4 Bionics Jose Delgado 5 A Brief History of Bionics 1952: Jose Delgado publishes the first paper on implanting electrodes into human brains: "Permanent Implantation of Multi-lead Electrodes in the Brain" 1957: The first electrical implant in an ear (André Djourno and Charles Eyriès) 1961: William House invents the "cochlear implant", an electronic implant that sends signals from the ear directly to the auditory nerve (as opposed to hearing aids that simply amplify the sound in the ear) 6 A Brief History of Bionics 1965 : Jose Delgado controls a bull via a remote device, injecting fear at will into the beast's brain 1969: Jose Delgado’s book "Physical Control of the Mind - Toward a Psychocivilized Society" 1969: Jose Delgado implants devices in the brain of a monkey and then sends signals in response to the brain's activity, thus creating the first bidirectional brain-machine-brain interface. -
A Review of Retinal Prosthesis Approaches
International Conference Mathematical and Computational Biology 2011 International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 9 (2012) 209–231 World Scientific Publishing Company DOI: 10.1142/S2010194512005272 A REVIEW OF RETINAL PROSTHESIS APPROACHES TRAN TRUNG KIEN School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor 43500, Malaysia [email protected] TOMAS MAUL School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor 43500, Malaysia [email protected] ANDRZEJ BARGIELA School of Computer Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG8 1BB [email protected] Age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are two of the most common diseases that cause degeneration in the outer retina, which can lead to several visual impairments up to blindness. Vision restoration is an important goal for which several different research approaches are currently being pursued. We are concerned with restoration via retinal prosthetic devices. Prostheses can be implemented intraocularly and extraocularly, which leads to different categories of devices. Cortical Prostheses and Optic Nerve Prostheses are examples of extraocular solutions while Epiretinal Prostheses and Subretinal Prostheses are examples of intraocular solutions. Some of the prostheses that are successfully implanted and tested in animals as well as humans can restore basic visual functions but still have limitations. This paper will give an overview of the current state of art of Retinal Prostheses and compare the advantages and limitations of each type. The purpose of this review is thus to summarize the current technologies and approaches used in developing Retinal Prostheses and therefore to lay a foundation for future designs and research directions. -
Connecting Brain Computer Interface Technology with Ubiquitous Complex Event Processing
Connecting Brain Computer Interface Technology with Ubiquitous Complex Event Processing – Aspects of New Applications in the Fields of Biology, Brain Research and Medicine Extended Abstract Yuri Danilov Kurt Kaczmarek Mitchell Tyler TCNL, room M1012, 1550 University Ave, Biomedical Engineering Department, UW- Madison, USA [email protected] , … Rainer von Ammon CITT GmbH, Konrad-Adenauerallee 30, D-93051 Regensburg, Germany [email protected] Outline (to be replaced by abstract in the final paper, Springer style) 1. Why connecting BCI with U-CEP? 2. BCI as interface to and from the brain 3. The role of U-CEP 4. Infrastructure for connecting BCI and U-CEP: Body Area Networks and Wearable Technologies 5. The appropriate computing power - cognitive computing chips, combining digital ‘neurons’ and ‘synapses’ 5. New applications based on connecting BCI and U-CEP 6. BrainPort technology 7. CN-NINM technology 8. Example “Depression (or another example)”: Defining biomarkers, event modelling of biosensors as event sources and process modelling for influencing the protein-machinery Why connecting BCI with U-CEP? The edBPM/U-CEP workshop series has so far focused on the topics of connecting Internet of Services and Things with the management of business processes and the Future and Emerging Technologies as addressed by the ISTAG Recommendations of the European FET-F 2020 and Beyond Initiative [1]. Such FET challenges are not longer limited to business processes, but focus on new ideas in order to connect processes on the basis of CEP with disciplines of Cell Biology, Epigenetics, Brain Research, Robotics, Emergency Management, SocioGeonomics, Bio- and Quantum Computing – summarized under the concept of U-CEP [2].