DOCSLIB.ORG

Wuhan Wastewater and Stormwater Management Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wuhan Wastewater and Stormwater Management Project Environmental Assessment Report Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 37597 January 2006 People’s Republic of China: Wuhan Wastewater and Stormwater Management Project Prepared by Wuhan Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 February 2006) Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.12 $1.00 = CNY8.06 The exchange rate of the yuan is determined under a floating exchange rate system. In this report a rate of $1.00 = CNY8.06 is used. ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – biochemical oxygen demand COD – chemical oxygen demand CSC – construction supervision company EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return EMC – environmental management consultant HEPB – Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau H2S – hydrogen sulfide NH3 – ammonia NH3-N – ammonia nitrogen NO2 – nitrogen dioxide O&M – operation and maintenance PDMF – project design and monitoring framework pH – factor of acidity PMO – project management office PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SEPA – State Environmental Protection Administration SS – suspended solids TN – total nitrogen TP – total phosphorus TSP – total suspended particles uPVC – unplasticised polyvinyl chloride WDC – Wuhan Drainage Company WEPB – Wuhan Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau WMG – Wuhan municipal government WUCF – Wuhan Urban Construction Foundation WWTP – wastewater treatment plant WWMP – Wuhan Wastewater Management Project WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dB – decibel ha – hectare m3 – cubic meter m3/s – cubic meter per second mg/L – milligram per liter km – kilometer 2 km – square kilometer m2 – square meter mm – millimeter m/s – meter per second m3/d – cubic meter per day t/y – ton per year NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAPS I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 A. Wastewater Component 4 B. Stormwater Component 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 5 A. General Project Setting and Physical Environment 5 B. River System and Hydrology 6 C. Water Quality 6 D. Ecological Environment 8 E. Social and Economic Conditions 9 IV. ALTERNATIVES 10 A. With or Without the Project 10 B. Alternatives for Wastewater Collection 10 C. Alternatives Sites for Wastewater Treatment 10 D. Alternatives for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 11 E. Alternatives for Effluent Reuse 11 F. Alternatives for Sludge Disposal 11 G. Alternatives for Stormwater Management 11 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 12 A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits 12 B. Mitigation Measures during Design Phase 13 C. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase13 D. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation Phase 14 E. Land Acquisition and Resettlement 16 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 17 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 17 A. Environmental Management 17 B. Environmental Monitoring 18 C. Institutional Enhancement 19 VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 19 A. Institutional Enhancement 19 B. Future Plans for Public Involvement 21 C. Information Disclosure 21 IX. CONCLUSION 21 A. Project Risks 21 B. Benefits 22 C. Potential Negative Impacts and Associated Mitigation Measures 22 APPENDIXES 1. References 2. Wuhan Wastewater and Stormwater Management Project – Environmental Management Plan Map 1 o 110 o 00'E 120 00'E Heilongjiang 113 o E Jilin Inner Mongolia o 40 00'N WUHAN WASTEWATER Liaoning o BEIJING 40 00'N AND STORMWATER Tianjin MANAGEMENT PROJECT Hebei Ningxia Shaanxi Shandong IN THE Qinghai Shanxi Yellow PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Gansu Sea Henan Jiangsu o 30 00'N Anhui Shanghai Hubei Wuhan o Sichuan Zhejiang 30 00'N Chongqing o 110 o 00'E 120 00'E 115 o E H E N A N 32 o N 32 o N H a n S u i R i v e r A N H U I H U B E I Ching -shan Hanyang H WUHAN a g n n Su a i River i j g n a h C C h a n g o j 30 N o ia n 30 N g National Capital Provincial Capital N H U N A N City/Town Railway J I A N G X I River 0 20 40 60 80 Provincial Boundary International Boundary Kilometers Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. o 113 o E 115 E 06-0128b RM Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant Lake WUHAN WASTEWATER AND STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT River LOCATION OF WASTEWATER SUBPROJECTS Service Area of Proposed Wastewater Subproject IN THE Service Area of Other Wastewater Treatment Plant Landfill Site (LS) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Huangpu Road Wastewater Subproject 3 Incineration Plant (IP) WWTP Capacity: 100,000 m /d (upgrade) Population Served (2015) : 311,000 Service Area : 7.48 km2 Dongxihu Wastewater Subproject Collection System : pipeline 15.55 km box culvert 9.8 km Pumping Stations : five (5) Population Served (2015) : 215,000 Service Area : 55.2 km2 Caindian Wastewater Subproject WWTP Capacity: 50,000 m3/d (new) Collection System : 4.59 km Pumping Stations : one (1) Population Served (2015) : 165,000 Service Area : 23.8 km2 Nantaizi Lake Wastewater Subproject WWTP Capacity: 10,000 m3/d (expansion) Erlangmiao Wastewater Subproject Collection System : 7,435 km WWTP Capacity: 180,000 m3/d (upgraded) Pumping Stations : three (3) 60,000 m3/d (expansion) Population Served (2015) : 610,900 2 Population Served (2020) : 723,800 Service Area : 67 km Service Area : 32.2 km2 0 5 M - 6 5 a 1 4 p b H 2 R WUHAN WASTEWATER AND STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT LOCATION OF STORMWATER SUBPROJECTS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Changqing Stormwater Subroject 1 Existing Pumping Station: Q=52 m3/s 2 Expanded Pumping Station: Q=135 m3/s Service Area: 54.5 km2 Population Served (2010): 1,160,000 Changqing Stormwater Subproject 3 Expanded Xindun Gate: Q=85 m3/s 4 Expanded Jinkou Gate: Q=45 m3/s 5 New Huangjiadawan Gate: Q=30 m3/s Box Culvert: 3.915 km Open Channel Renovation: 4.48 km New Open Channel: 4.34 km Service Area: 54.5 km2 Population Served (2010): 756,000 Yangsigang Stormwater Subproject Luojia Road Stormwater Subproject 6 New PS: Q=20 m3/s 7 Existing PS: Q=30 m3/s Box Culvert: 1.9 km 8 Expanded PS: Q=55 m3/s Pipeline: 1.34 km Open Channel: 8.81 km Service Area: 3.67 km2 Box Culvert: 0.39 km Population Served (2010): 53,4000 Service Area: 22.57 km2 Population Served (2010): 646,0000 Existing Storm Sewer Proposed Storm Sewer Existing Pumping Station Proposed Pumping Station Existing Storm Gate Proposed Storm Gate Lake River Service Area of Proposed Storm Water Subproject Drainage Subcathment Boundary 0 5 M - 6 5 a 1 4 p d H 3 R I. INTRODUCTION 1. Rapid economic growth and urbanization are placing pressure on the People's Republic of China's (PRC) overloaded urban infrastructure, causing a rapid spike in demand for urban services and an increase in pollution-related environmental threats. The growing need for basic urban services is straining the physical and financial capacity of most cities to provide adequate wastewater and stormwater infrastructure. This has led to (i) a deterioration of the quality of life for urban residents, (ii) degradation of the urban environment, and (iii) inefficient economic development. Currently, about 90% of industrial wastewater is treated before discharge to a municipal sewer. Municipal wastewater is a major contributor to pollution of the PRC’s rivers and lakes, with the most severe pollution impacts in the water-short norther region. Currently, only about 40% (34% in 1999) of urban wastewater is treated; the rest is discharged untreated to rivers and lakes. In most PRC cities, untreated industrial wastewater is the main source of water pollution. This could increase the incidence of waterborne diseases and cause other public health problems. Because of the seriousness of the situation, the Government is paying increasing attention to water resources management, wastewater treatment and pollution control, stormwater management, and the formulation of associated investment plans. Government policies require that urban environmental pollution and ecological damage be controlled by 2010, and recent state guidelines require that major cities, such as provincial capitals, have wastewater treatment rates of at least 80% by 2010.1 The proposed Wuhan wastewater and stormwater management project, to be partially funded by a loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) will addres the respective needs in urban and suburban areas of the city of Wuhan. The project processing is expected for completion by mid 2006. 2. Wuhan is a major city located along the middle portion of Yangtze River in the eastern part of Hebei province. Water quality in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River (also referred to as the Changjiang River) has decreased over the last 15 years, mainly as a result of wastewater discharge from the city. In 2004, about 2.0 million cubic meters per day (m3/d) of wastewater was generated, but the four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) lacked capacity to treat more than 27% of this quantity. To achieve sustainable wastewater management and water resource protection, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved the Wuhan Wastewater Management Project (WWMP) in 2003. The investments being made under the ongoing WWMP together with the World Bank2 and bilateral assisted wastewater treatment projects will help increase this percentage to 70% by 2008. With the proposed Project, the wastewater treatment rate will reach the required 80% by 2010. 3 The municipal government is undertaking a comprehensive wastewater management program through 2010. The proposed Project complements the ongoing WWMP, the World Bank Urban Improvement Project, and wastewater treatment facilities constructed with bilateral assistance from Poland and Finland.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annex XV Reporting Format 040615
    ANNEX XV RESTRICTION REPORT PROPOSAL FOR A RESTRICTION SUBSTANCE NAME(S): Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS-related substances IUPAC NAME(S): n.a. EC NUMBER(S): n.a. CAS NUMBER(S): n.a. CONTACT DETAILS OF THE DOSSIER SUBMITTER: Norwegian Environment Agency P.O. Box 5672 Torgarden, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway VERSION NUMBER: 1.1 DATE: 13 June 2019 Annankatu 18, P.O. Box 400, FI-00121 Helsinki, Finland | Tel. +358 9 686180 | Fax +358 9 68618210 | echa.europa.eu ANNEX XV REST RICT ION REPORT – PFHxS, its salts and PFHxS-related substances TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations ....................................................................................... viii S umma ry ....................................................................................................... 1 Report .......................................................................................................... 7 1. The problem identified ................................................................................... 7 1.1. Hazard, exposure/emissions and risk .............................................................. 7 1.1.1. Identity of the substance(s), and physical and chemical properties.................. 7 1.1.2. Justification for grouping .................................................................... 11 1.1.3. Classification and labelling .................................................................. 14 1.1.4. Hazard assessment........................................................................... 15 1.1.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping the Accessibility of Medical Facilities of Wuhan During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article Mapping the Accessibility of Medical Facilities of Wuhan during the COVID-19 Pandemic Zhenqi Zhou 1, Zhen Xu 1,* , Anqi Liu 1, Shuang Zhou 1, Lan Mu 2 and Xuan Zhang 2 1 Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (S.Z.) 2 Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (X.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic attacked Wuhan, China. The city government soon strictly locked down the city, implemented a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, and took a series of unprecedented pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical measures. The residents’ access to the medical resources and the consequently potential demand– supply tension may determine effective diagnosis and treatment, for which travel distance and time are key indicators. Using the Application Programming Interface (API) of Baidu Map, we estimated the travel distance and time from communities to the medical facilities capable of treating COVID-19 patients, and we identified the service areas of those facilities as well. The results showed significant differences in service areas and potential loading across medical facilities. The accessibility of medical facilities in the peripheral areas was inferior to those in the central areas; there was spatial inequality of medical resources within and across districts; the amount of community healthcare Citation: Zhou, Z.; Xu, Z.; Liu, A.; Zhou, S.; Mu, L.; Zhang, X.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Fairness of Urban Lakes' Distribution Based On
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Evaluation of the Fairness of Urban Lakes’ Distribution Based on Spatialization of Population Data: A Case Study of Wuhan Urban Development Zone Jing Wu *, Shen Yang y and Xu Zhang y School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (X.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to the research. y Received: 14 November 2019; Accepted: 4 December 2019; Published: 8 December 2019 Abstract: Lake reclamation for urban construction has caused serious damage to lakes in cities undergoing rapid urbanization. This process affects urban ecological environment and leads to inconsistent urban expansion, population surge, and uneven distribution of urban lakes. This study measured the fairness of urban lakes’ distribution and explored the spatial matching relationship between service supply and user group demand. The interpretation and analysis of Wuhan’s remote sensing images, population, administrative area, traffic network, and other data in 2018 were used as the basis. Specifically, the spatial distribution pattern and fairness of lakes’ distribution in Wuhan urban development zone were investigated. This study establishes a geographic weighted regression (GWR) model of land cover types and population data based on a spatialization method of population data based on land use, and uses population spatial data and network accessibility analysis results to evaluate lake service levels in the study area. Macroscopically, the correlation analysis of sequence variables and Gini coefficient analysis method are used to measure the fairness of the Wuhan lake distribution problem and equilibrium degree, and the location entropy analysis is used to quantitatively analyze the fairness of lakes and Wuhan streets from the perspective of supply and demand location entropy.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Modified Pomace on Copper Migration Via Riverbank Soil in Southwest China
    Effect of modified pomace on copper migration via riverbank soil in southwest China Lingyuan Chen1,*, Touqeer Abbas2,*, Lin Yang1, Yao Xu1, Hongyan Deng1, Lei Hou3 and Wenbin Li1 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China 2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, China 3 College of Resources & Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT To explore the effects of modified pomace on copper migration via the soil on the banks of the rivers in northern Sichuan and Chongqing, fruit pomace (P) and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) modified P (EP) were evenly added (1% mass ratio) to the soil samples of Guanyuan, Nanbu, Jialing, and Hechuan from the Jialing River; Mianyang and Suining from the Fu River; and Guangan and Dazhou from the Qu River. The geochemical characteristics and migration rules of copper in different amended soils were simulated by column experiment. Results showed that the permeation time of copper in each soil column was categorized as EP-amended > P-amended > original soil, and the permeation time of amended soil samples at different locations was Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Nanbu > Guanyuan > Hechuan. Meanwhile, the average flow rate of copper in each soil column showed a reverse trend with the permeation time. Copper in exchangeable, carbonate, and iron–manganese oxide forms decreased with the increase of vertical depth in the soil column, among which the most evident decreases appeared in the carbonate-bonding form. The copper accumulation in different Submitted 8 October 2020 Accepted 1 July 2021 locations presented a trend of Jialing > Suining > Mianyang > Guangan > Dazhou > Published 27 July 2021 Nanbu > Guangyuan > Hechuan, and the copper content under the same soil showed Corresponding author EP-amended > P-amended > original soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Species Distribution Model to Estimate the Wintering Population Size of the Endangered Scaly-Sided Merganser in China
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Using Species Distribution Model to Estimate the Wintering Population Size of the Endangered Scaly-Sided Merganser in China Qing Zeng1, Yamian Zhang1, Gongqi Sun1, Hairui Duo1, Li Wen1,2, Guangchun Lei1* 1 School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, 2 Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia * [email protected] Abstract Scaly-sided Merganser is a globally endangered species restricted to eastern Asia. Estimat- ing its population is difficult and considerable gap exists between populations at its breeding grounds and wintering sites. In this study, we built a species distribution model (SDM) using OPEN ACCESS Maxent with presence-only data to predict the potential wintering habitat for Scaly-sided Citation: Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Sun G, Duo H, Wen L, Merganser in China. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) method Lei G (2015) Using Species Distribution Model to Estimate the Wintering Population Size of the suggests high predictive power of the model (training and testing AUC were 0.97 and 0.96 Endangered Scaly-Sided Merganser in China. PLoS respectively). The most significant environmental variables included annual mean tempera- ONE 10(2): e0117307. doi:10.1371/journal. ture, mean temperature of coldest quarter, minimum temperature of coldest month and pre- pone.0117307 cipitation of driest quarter. Suitable conditions for Scaly-sided Merganser are predicted in Academic Editor: Stefan Lötters, Trier University, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei GERMANY Provinces. The predicted suitable habitat embraces 6,984 km of river. Based on survey re- Received: May 28, 2014 sults from three consecutive winters (2010–2012) and previous studies, we estimated that Accepted: December 23, 2014 the entire wintering population of Scaly-sided Merganser in China to be 3,561 ± 478 individ- Published: February 3, 2015 uals, which is consistent with estimate in its breeding ground.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study for the Yangtze River Basin Yang
    RESERVOIR DELINEATION AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSESSMENT IN LARGE RIVER BASINS: A CASE STUDY FOR THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN YANG XIANKUN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2014 RESERVOIR DELINEATION AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSESSMENT IN LARGE RIVER BASINS: A CASE STUDY FOR THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN YANG XIANKUN (M.Sc. Wuhan University) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHYLOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2014 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and it has been written by me in its entirety. I have duly acknowledged all the sources of information which have been used in the thesis. This thesis has also not been submitted for any degree in any university previously. ___________ ___________ Yang Xiankun 7 August, 2014 I Acknowledgements I would like to first thank my advisor, Professor Lu Xixi, for his intellectual support and attention to detail throughout this entire process. Without his inspirational and constant support, I would never have been able to finish my doctoral research. In addition, brainstorming and fleshing out ideas with my committee, Dr. Liew Soon Chin and Prof. David Higgitt, was invaluable. I appreciate the time they have taken to guide my work and have enjoyed all of the discussions over the years. Many thanks go to the faculty and staff of the Department of Geography, the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, and the National University of Singapore for their administrative and financial support. My thanks also go to my friends, including Lishan, Yingwei, Jinghan, Shaoda, Suraj, Trinh, Seonyoung, Swehlaing, Hongjuan, Linlin, Nick and Yikang, for the camaraderie and friendship over the past four years.
    [Show full text]
  • Fluctuation of the Water Environmental Carrying Capacity in a Huge River-Connected Lake
    Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 3564-3578; doi:10.3390/ijerph120403564 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Fluctuation of the Water Environmental Carrying Capacity in a Huge River-Connected Lake Hua Wang 1,*, Yiyi Zhou 2,†, Yang Tang 2,†, Mengan Wu 2,† and Yanqing Deng 3 1 Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China 2 College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (Y.T.); [email protected] (M.W.) 3 Hydrology Bureau of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330002, China; E-Mail: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-025-8583-6549. Academic Editor: Miklas Scholz Received: 25 February 2015 / Accepted: 24 March 2015 / Published: 30 March 2015 Abstract: A new method, with the non-fully mixed coefficient (NFMC) considered, was put forward to calculate the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) for huge river-connected lakes, of which the hydrological conditions always vary widely during a year. Poyang Lake, the most typical river-connected lake and the largest freshwater lake in China, was selected as the research area. Based on field investigations and numerical simulation, the monthly pollutant degradation coefficients and non-fully mixed coefficients of different lake regions were determined to explore the WECCs of COD, TN and TP of Poyang Lake in a common water year.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths
    Coal, Water, and Grasslands in the Three Norths August 2019 The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH a non-profit, federally owned enterprise, implementing international cooperation projects and measures in the field of sustainable development on behalf of the German Government, as well as other national and international clients. The German Energy Transition Expertise for China Project, which is funded and commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), supports the sustainable development of the Chinese energy sector by transferring knowledge and experiences of German energy transition (Energiewende) experts to its partner organisation in China: the China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC), a Chinese think tank for advising the National Energy Administration (NEA) on renewable energy policies and the general process of energy transition. CNREC is a part of Energy Research Institute (ERI) of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). Contact: Anders Hove Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH China Tayuan Diplomatic Office Building 1-15-1 No. 14, Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing 100600 PRC [email protected] www.giz.de/china Table of Contents Executive summary 1 1. The Three Norths region features high water-stress, high coal use, and abundant grasslands 3 1.1 The Three Norths is China’s main base for coal production, coal power and coal chemicals 3 1.2 The Three Norths faces high water stress 6 1.3 Water consumption of the coal industry and irrigation of grassland relatively low 7 1.4 Grassland area and productivity showed several trends during 1980-2015 9 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Reformer in Modern China Chang Chien, 18J3-1926
    Reformer in Modern China Chang Chien, 18J3-1926 Studies of the East Asian Institute COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Chang Chien, 1853-1926 SAMUEL C. CHU Reformer in Modern China Chang Chien, iS;3-1926 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS New York and London, 1963 Samuel C. Chu is Associate Professor of History at the University of Pittsburgh. Copyright © 1958, 1965 Columbia University Press Library of Congress Catalog Card Number : 65-10541 Printed in the United States of America The East Asian Institute of Columbia University THE EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE was established by Columbia University in 1949 to prepare graduate students for careers dealing with East Asia, and to aid research and publication on East Asia during the modern period. The research program of the East Asian Institute is conducted or directed by faculty members of the University, by other scholars invited to participate in the program of the Institute, and by candidates for the Certificate of the Institute or the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Some of the products of the research program are published as Studies of the East Asian Institute. The faculty of the Institute, without necessarily agreeing with the conclusions reached in the Studies, hope with their publication to perform a national service by increasing American understanding of the peoples of East Asia, the development of their societies, and their current problems. The Faculty of the East Asian Institute are grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation for the financial assistance which they have given to the program of research and publication. Dedicated in loving appreciation to my parents Shih-Ming Chu and Grace Zia Chu Foreword VERY FEW scholarly biographies of Chinese leaders are available in Western languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality Assessment and Pollution Source Identification of The
    sustainability Article Water Quality Assessment and Pollution Source Identification of the Eastern Poyang Lake Basin Using Multivariate Statistical Methods Weili Duan 1,*, Bin He 1,*, Daniel Nover 2, Guishan Yang 1, Wen Chen 1, Huifang Meng 1, Shan Zou 3 and Chuanming Liu 4 1 Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; [email protected] (G.Y.); [email protected] (W.C.); [email protected] (H.M.) 2 AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow, U.S. Agency for International Development, Accra, Ghana; [email protected] 3 Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] 4 Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.D.); [email protected] (B.H.); Tel.: +86-25-8688-2173 (W.D.) Academic Editor: Vincenzo Torretta Received: 2 November 2015; Accepted: 19 January 2016; Published: 30 January 2016 Abstract: Multivariate statistical methods including cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA), were applied to explore the surface water quality datasets including 14 parameters at 28 sites of the Eastern Poyang Lake Basin, Jiangxi Province of China, from January 2012 to April 2015, characterize spatiotemporal variation in pollution and identify potential pollution sources. The 28 sampling stations were divided into two periods (wet season and dry season) and two regions (low pollution and high pollution), respectively, using hierarchical CA method.
    [Show full text]
  • Infection in Wuhan, China
    DR. WEI GUO (Orcid ID : 0000-0001-8686-3779) Article type : Letter to the Editor Patterns of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Wuhan, China Wei Guo1,2*, Fangzhao Ming3*, Yong Feng4*, Qian Zhang5, Pingzhen Mo6, Lian Liu7, Ming Gao8, Weiming Tang9§ and Ke Liang6§ 1. Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 2. Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 3. Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan, China 4. State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 5. Qingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan, China 6. Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Hubei, China 7. Caidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China 8. Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China 9. Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China * These authors equally contributed to this manuscript and are co-first authors. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differencesAccepted Article between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/jia2.25568 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved § These authors contributed equally. Correspondence to: Dr. Ke Liang, Department of Infectious Diseases Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China; Email: [email protected] Keywords: Clinical patterns; HIV; SARS-CoV-2; Co-infection; COVID-19; CD4+ T lymphocyte count; lymphopenia Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright.
    [Show full text]