Studies in the Life of Christ
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LEXINGTON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY i V Dwight E. Stevenson Lexington Theological Seminary 1865-1965 THE COLLEGE OF THE BIBLE CENTURY THE BETHANY PRESS • ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Copyright © 1964 by The College of the Bible (Lexington Theological Seminary) Printed as a private edition by The Bethany Press, St. Louis, Missouri MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THOSE WHO HAVE HELPED IN VARIOUS ways with this history are too numerous to call by name. From among the many, I single out a few whose contribution was so great and so basic that I must give them special attention. First among these is my wife, DeLoris Ray Stevenson. Since the fall of 1958, when we received the assignment from a com• mittee composed of Riley B. Montgomery, Myron T. Hopper and Wilbur H. Cramblet, she has been almost a full-time re• search assistant. She has systematically read all the minutes of trustees and faculty, all the Bulletins, Quarterlies, and Cata• logues of the Seminary, and scouted all references in the Apos• tolic Times, the Apostolic Guide, the Christian Standard, and The Christian-Evangelist magazines. In addition she has tran• scribed numerous tape-recorded interviews and conducted several interviews of her own. All of this material she made available to me on approximately 12,000 index cards, plus many hundreds of typewritten and handwritten pages. To the volume of read• ing which I myself have done she has been a constantly help• ful guide. She has also prepared the trustee and faculty lists in the Appendix. Without such help the present monumental task would have been impossible to me in the midst of my regular duties. The librarian and assistant librarian of Bosworth Memorial Library at The College of the Bible, Roscoe M. Pierson and 5 6 Acknowledgments Gladys E. Scheer, helped as only interested and competent li• brarians can in making available a variety of little-known docu• ments and unpublished papers. In addition Mr. Pierson read the entire manuscript; and Miss Scheer checked the bibliogra• phy. The help of Curator Claude E. Spencer of the Disciples of Christ Historical Society in Nashville, Tennessee, also proved valuable, as did that of Roemol Henry, librarian of Transyl• vania College, and of Mary Hester Cooper, librarian of the Historical and Educational Archives of the University of Ken• tucky. Numerous alumni and former students have written, many at length, of their own student days in the Seminary; the file of such correspondence is bulky. Roud Shaw, in particular, de• serves mention for his thirty-page letter. Twenty-six persons were interviewed and tape recorded, sev• eral more than once. These interviews, transcribed by typewriter, aggregate about seven hundred pages of manuscript. The twenty- six thus interviewed were: Kenneth B. Bowen, T. Hassell Bowen, William Clayton Bower, Arthur Braden, Homer W. Carpenter, Tilton J. Cassidy, Stephen J. Corey, Herman L. Donovan, Daw• son Dwight Dugan, Frank N. Gardner, Thomas M. Giltner, E. E. Gotherman, Josephine Gross, H. Clay Hobgood, Alice Karr, Jessie May Ledridge, Riley B. Montgomery, Mrs. J. E. Moody, George V. Moore, Roger T. Nooe, David Prewitt, Charles Lynn Pyatt, Ward Russell, Mrs. C. R. Staples, Daniel C. Troxel and C. Herndon Wagers. Numerous interviews with Dean Pyatt, when transcribed, filled 134 typewritten pages. Many of those interviewed died without ever seeing the book which they helped to bring into being. Special thanks are due to J. Edward Moseley, Disciple his• torian, writer, and editor, who undertook the critical reading of the entire manuscript, and who, in his usually careful man• ner, made numerous suggestions for its improvement. President Irvin E. Lunger of Transylvania College; President Riley B. Montgomery, and Professors Roscoe M. Pierson and Paul A. Crow, Jr., of The College of the Bible, rendered a like service. Acknowledgments 7 Secretaries who have helped with the long process of typing and retyping are Frances Rhodus Sharp, Carol Moore McInnis, Marilyn Williams and Mary Ruth Pratt. The final manuscript was typed by Doris L. Kohl and Arris R. Hayes, secretaries to the vice president and president of the Seminary. Although I am indebted to all these and to many others, the writing has been my own and I take full responsibility for it. The writing itself fully occupied four summers—1959, 1960, 1962, and 1963. DWIGHT E. STEVENSON Lexington, Kentucky CONTENTS PROLOGUE: The College of the Bible Idea 11 I. The First Dozen Years (1865-1877) 23 II. Upheaval in Kentucky 37 III. The New College of the Bible (1877-1878) 60 IV. A National Panorama (1875-1900) 73 V. McGarvey as a Teacher 81 VI. Brick and Mortar, Dollars and Cents (1878-1911) 92 VII. Student Life Between Two Wars (1865-1914) 101 VIII. "The Reign of Law" 110 IX. The Flowering of the McGarvey Era (1895-1911) 118 X. A New Era Begins (1911-1914) 136 XI. Keeping House Together (1912-1918) 152 XII. New Patterns in Seminary Education (1911-1917) 159 XIII. War on Two Fronts (1917) 165 XIV. War and Postwar Developments (1917-1921) 208 XV. A Three-Cornered Crisis (1922-1928) 217 XVI. Learning to Walk Alone (1928-1938) 237 XVII. Elmer Ellsworth Snoddy 254 9 10 Contents XVIII. Growing Up as a Graduate Theological Seminary (1938-1949) 258 XIX. The Background of the Montgomery Era (1949-1965) 286 XX. New Campus, New President (1950-1955) 294 XXI. Front and Center—the Library 306 XXII. Field Education 315 XXIII. Stretching Up to a Century (1955-1965) 330 XXIV. The Academic Procession (1950-1965) 343 XXV. "As Pioneers Thy Sons Must Rise!" 353 XXVI. A New Name for a New Century 367 APPENDIXES I. Beginnings in Ministerial Education, Especially Among Disciples of Christ 376 II. Institutional Relationships: Transylvania, The College of the Bible, The University of Kentucky 389 III. Transylvania University (1780-1865) 394 IV. Bacon College and Kentucky University (1836-1865) 401 V. Tables Showing Enrollment and Financial Growth 416 VI. Trustees of the College of the Bible (1877-1963) 421 VII. Faculty and Administration (1865-1964) 425 REFERENCES 435 BIBLIOGRAPHY 463 INDEX 483* ) Prologue: THE COLLEGE OF THE BIBLE IDEA FOR NEARLY HALF A CENTURY, FROM 1865 to 1911, the name of The College of the Bible was all but synon• ymous with that of John W. McGarvey. Although he did not become president of institution until 1895, he emerged almost immediately in 1865 as its leading personality and its most in• fluential teacher. In April of that year, he published a magazine article on "Ministerial Education" which so completely set the tone and outlined the program of the school which was to come into being that the article deserves to be called the Magna Charta of the Seminary.1 McGarvey was reared in a family of nineteen children, three of whom were his own full sisters, the others being stepbrothers and sisters and half brothers and sisters. His stepfather, Dr. G. F. Saltonstall, was a farmer-physician and also a trustee of Beth• any College. During his first ten years McGarvey lived in Hop- kinsville, Kentucky, where he was born on March 1, 1829, but he spent his next years in central Illinois, at Tremont. When it was time for McGarvey to enter Bethany College in the late winter of 1847, his stepfather resolved to make the long journey with him. They took a steamer at Pekin and voyaged down the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers to the mouth of the Ohio and thence up river to Wellsburg, Virginia, and overland by stage• coach to Bethany (now West Virginia), arriving in mid-March, 1847. Generously outfitted by his stepfather at Cincinnati, Mc- 11 12 The College of the Bible Idea Garvey entered Bethany dressed in swallowtail coat and high silk hat. On his first day as a college student, March 17, 1847, John McGarvey sat in the early-morning chapel looking for the first time upon the faces of four men who were to remain his life• long friends—Professor W. K. Pendleton, and fellow students, Robert Graham, Charles Louis Loos, and Alexander Procter. As late as 1905 McGarvey estimated the influences of these four men when he said that they were like four long threads stitched into the warp of his existence for more than half a century.2 Pendleton was then under thirty years of age. "I was im• mediately impressed by his graceful and engaging manners, and I soon learned to recognize his superior and accurate scholar• ship," McGarvey reported later.3 Overawed by the dignity and fame of Campbell, he was drawn to Pendleton and consulted him often. He took him as his lifelong ideal; Pendleton's kindli• ness, courtesy, and scholarly precision became the marks of his own life. McGarvey admitted, however, that Pendleton was not quite aggressive enough to suit him. Robert Graham, a senior, taught beginning Greek. McGarvey became one of his students. The ties with Alexander Procter of Missouri were so strong that when McGarvey came to his ordination and his marriage a few years later, he called upon Procter to officiate at both ceremonies. Charles Louis Loos, a native of Alsace-Lorraine, became principal of the preparatory department before McGarvey finished his college course, and by 1856 was serving as president of Eureka College in Illinois. McGarvey's connection with Graham and Loos especially was to be long and intimate. Another fellow student was John H. Neville, one of McGar• vey's boyhood playmates both in Hopkinsville and at Tremont. Shortly the two of them responded to the invitation following one of Alexander Campbell's sermons and were baptized at the same service by W. K. Pendleton in the Buffalo Creek flowing past the church.