DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessment of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Anionic Components in the Diet and Herbal Medicines on Organic Anion Transporters (Slc22 Family)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessment of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Anionic Components in the Diet and Herbal Medicines on Organic Anion Transporters (Slc22 Family) Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2013 ASSESSMENT OF THE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION POTENTIAL OF ANIONIC COMPONENTS IN THE DIET AND HERBAL MEDICINES ON ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS (SLC22 FAMILY) Li Wang Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3181 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Li Wang, 2013 All Rights Reserved ASSESSMENT OF THE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION POTENTIAL OF ANIONIC COMPONENTS IN THE DIET AND HERBAL MEDICINES ON ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS (SLC22 FAMILY) A Dissertation submitted in partially fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University By Li Wang Master of Science, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 2007 Director: Douglas H. Sweet, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia, August, 2013 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is never easy to make a successful completion of Ph.D. Thanks to the help and support of the kind people around me, I eventually finish my doctoral training and make my dream come to life. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Douglas H. Sweet, for the continuous support of my study and research, for his patience, motivation, and enthusiasm. Indeed, his passion in science would definitely encourage me to move forward in future. I would also like to thank Dr. Jürgen Venitz for the consistent help in my research project. His valuable suggestions give me inspirations to enrich my research. I would like to acknowledge Drs. Patricia W. Slattum, H Thomas Karnes, and Satjit S. Brar who serve in my advisory committee and provide me timely guidance and input. A special gratitude I give to Dr. Matthew S. Halquist for his guidance in my bioanalytical work. In addition, many thanks go to all faculties in School of Pharmacy for their help in my coursework. I would also like to thank Ms. Keyetta Tate and Ms. Laura Georgiadis for their kindly help in ordering lab supplies, arranging departmental activities, and providing directions for living in Richmond. I would thank the VCU School of Pharmacy and Graduate School for the financial support. I would like to thank my lab-mates Dr. Aditi Mulgaonkar, Raymond, Lai, and Christine A. Farthing for their help for my study. Thank you to all my fellow and senior Pharmaceutics graduate students for their help and advice. In addition, a special thank you to my roommates and good friends Kan Qian and Chenxiao Da for their support and encouragement. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their love and unconditional support, and my wife, Xiaolei Pan, who is always there to cheer me up and encourage me to overcome the problems emerged in my life. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………….ii LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………...ix LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………….……xi ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………..…..xiv ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………….……….....xviii CHAPTERS 1. RENAL ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS (SLC22 FAMILY): EXPRESSION, REGULATION, ROLES IN TOXICITY, AND IMPACT ON INJURY AND DISEASE…………………………………………………………………..1 1.A INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………1 1.B ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS IN RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULE………5 1.C REGULATION OF OAT EXPRESSION……………………………………………..7 1.D OATs IN RENAL INJURY AND PROTECTION…………………………………..12 1.E OAT FUNCTION AND EXPRESSION IN MODELS OF RENAL INJURY AND DISEASE………………………………………………………………………...17 1.F OATs AND DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS…………………………………..…...22 1.G CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………….26 2. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES AND SPECIFIC AIMS……………………………….......27 2.A HYPOTHESES………………………………………………………………………..27 2.B SPECIFIC AIMS TO ADDRESS THE ABOVE HYPOTHESES…………………28 3. ACTIVE HYDROPHILIC COMPONENTS OF THE MEDICINAL HERB SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA (DANSHEN) POTENTLY INHIBIT ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS 1 (SLC22A6) and 3 (SLC22A8) ………………………………………..29 iv 3.A INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….29 3.B MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………………..33 3.B.1 Purified chemicals……………………………………………………………….33 3.B.2 Tissue culture……………………………………………………………………33 3.B.3 Cell accumulation assays………………………………………………………..33 3.B.4 Statistics…………………………………………………………………………36 3.C RESULTS………………………………...………………………………………………..37 3.C.1 Inhibition of mOat1 and mOat3 by hydrophilic Danshen components………….37 3.C.2 Determination of the type of inhibition induced by Danshen components on mOat1 and mOat3…………………………………………………………………..39 3.C.3 Inhibition potencies of LSA, RMA, and SAA…………………………………...39 3.D DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………… 46 4. COMPETITIVE INHIBITION OF HUMAN ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS 1 (SLC22A6) AND 3 (SLC22A8) BY MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE MEDICINAL HERB SALVIA MILTIORRHIZA (DANSHEN) …………………………………………...51 4.A INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………..51 4.B MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………………...57 4.B.1 Chemicals………………………………………………………………………… 57 4.B.2 Tissue culture……………………………………………………………………...57 4.B.3 Cell accumulation assays………………………………………………………….57 4.B.4 Statistics…………………………………………………………………………...58 4.C RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………….…59 4.C.1 Inhibitory effects of hydrophilic Danshen components on hOAT1 and hOAT3 function………………………………………………………………………….59 4.C.2 Mode of inhibition…………………………………………………………………61 4.C.3 Determination of inhibition potencies of LSA, RMA, and SAA for hOAT1 v and hOAT3……………………………………………………………………………….61 4.D DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………...…70 5. POTENTIAL FOR FOOD/DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS BY PHENOLIC ACIDS ON HUMAN ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS 1 (SLC22A6), 3 (SLC22A8), AND 4 (SLC22A11) ……...…………………………………………………… 75 5.A INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………...…75 5.B MATERIALS AND METHODS………………………………………………..……..79 5.B.1 Chemicals………………………………………………………………………… 79 5.B.2 Tissue culture…………………………………..………………………………….79 5.B.3 Cell accumulation assay……………………………………………...……………81 5.B.4 Statistics……………………………………………………………………….…..82 5.C RESULTS……………...………………………………………………………………..83 5.C.1 Inhibitory effects of phenolic acids on hOAT1-mediated PAH uptake………….. 83 5.C.2 Inhibitory effects of phenolic acids on hOAT3-mediated ES uptake……………..86 5.C.3. Inhibitory effects of hydrophilic Danshen components on hOAT4-mediated ES uptake……………………………………………………………. 87 5.D DISCUSSION…………..………………………………………………………………92 6. INTERACTION OF NATURAL DIETARY AND HERBAL ANIONIC COMPOUNDS AND FLAVONOIDS WITH HUMAN ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS 1 (SLC22A6), 3 (SLC22A8), AND 4 (SLC22A11)……………………...98 6.A INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………98 6.B MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………………..102 6.B.1 Purified chemicals……………………………………………………………….102 6.B.2 Cell culture………………………………………………………………………102 6.B.3 Cell accumulation assays……………………………………………………….. 102 vi 6.B.4 Statistics………………………………………………………………………… 104 6.C RESULTS……………………………………………………………………………...105 6.C.1 Inhibition of hOAT1 by natural anionic compounds and flavonoids……………105 6.C.2 Inhibition of hOAT3 by natural anionic compounds and flavonoids……………108 6.C.3 Inhibition of hOAT4 by natural anionic compounds and flavonoids……………108 6.D DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………….....111 7. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINTION OF GALLIC ACID AND GENTISIC ACID IN ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER EXPRESSING CELLS BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY…………...115 7.A INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………… 115 7.B MATERIAL AND METHODS………………………………………………………118 7.B.1 Chemicals and reagent…………………………………………..………………… 118 7.B.2 Instrumentation……………………………………………….…………………….118 7.B.3 LC-MS/MS condition………………………………………………………………118 7.B.4 Cell culture………………………………………………………………………… 120 7.B.5 Sample preparation…………………………………………………………………120 7.B.6 Calibration and validation………………………………………………………… .121 7.B.7 Matrix effects evaluation…………………………………………………………...122 7.B.8 Application to cellular uptake study……………………………………………..…122 7.C RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………………123 7.C.1 LC-MS/MS…………………………………………………………………………123 7.C.2 Validation of the analytical method……………………………...…………………123 7.C.2.1 Linearity and specificity……………………...………………...………………... 123 7.C.2.2 Accuracy and precision………………………………………………………...…124 7.C.2.3 Extraction recovery………………………………..…………...…………………125 vii 7.C.2.4 Matrix effects……………………………………………………………………..130 7.2.C.5 Stability………………………………………………………………….………..130 7.C.3 Determination of intracellular concentration of gallic acid and gentisic acid in OAT- expressing cells……………………………………………………………………………. 131 7.D CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………..………………...134 8. SYSTMEIC LEVEL EVALUATION OF ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS- MEDIATED DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION POTENCY IN SALVIA MITIORRHIZA (DANSHEN) PREPARATIONS: FOCUSING ON CUMULATIVE EFFECTS FROM MULTIPLE COMPONENTS……………………… 135 8.A INTRODUCTION………………………………………………..……………………135 8.B MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………...………………………139 8.B.1 Materials……………………….…………………………………………………139 8.B.2 Tissue culture………………….……………………….…………………………139 8.B.3 Cell accumulation assays………………….…………………………...…………139 8.B.4 Derivation of cumulative DDI index……………..…...………………………… .140 8.B.5 Pharmacokinetic modeling .…………………………...………………………… 140 8.B.6 Simulation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemical Composition of Red Wines Made from Hybrid Grape and Common Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Cultivars
    444 Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 2014, 63, 4, 444–453 Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 2014, 63, 4, 444–453 doi: 10.3176/proc.2014.4.10 Available online at www.eap.ee/proceedings Chemical composition of red wines made from hybrid grape and common grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars Priit Pedastsaara*, Merike Vaherb, Kati Helmjab, Maria Kulpb, Mihkel Kaljurandb, Kadri Karpc, Ain Raald, Vaios Karathanose, and Tõnu Püssaa a Department of Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia b Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia c Department of Horticulture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia d Department of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia e Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., Athens, Greece Received 21 June 2013, revised 8 May 2014, accepted 23 May 2014, available online 20 November 2014 Abstract. Since the formulation of the “French paradox”, red grape wines are generally considered to be health-promoting products rather than culpable alcoholic beverages. The total wine production, totalling an equivalent of 30 billion 750 mL bottles in 2009, only verifies the fact that global demand is increasing and that the polyphenols present in wines are accounting for a significant proportion of the daily antioxidant intake of the general population. Both statements justify the interest of new regions to be self-sufficient in the wine production. Novel cold tolerant hybrid grape varieties also make it possible to produce wines in regions where winter temperatures fall below – 30 °C and the yearly sum of active temperatures does not exceed 1750 °C.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,026,285 B2 Bezwada (45) Date of Patent: Sep
    US008O26285B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,026,285 B2 BeZWada (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 27, 2011 (54) CONTROL RELEASE OF BIOLOGICALLY 6,955,827 B2 10/2005 Barabolak ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM 2002/0028229 A1 3/2002 Lezdey 2002fO169275 A1 11/2002 Matsuda MULT-ARMED OLGOMERS 2003/O158598 A1 8, 2003 Ashton et al. 2003/0216307 A1 11/2003 Kohn (75) Inventor: Rao S. Bezwada, Hillsborough, NJ (US) 2003/0232091 A1 12/2003 Shefer 2004/0096476 A1 5, 2004 Uhrich (73) Assignee: Bezwada Biomedical, LLC, 2004/01 17007 A1 6/2004 Whitbourne 2004/O185250 A1 9, 2004 John Hillsborough, NJ (US) 2005/0048121 A1 3, 2005 East 2005/OO74493 A1 4/2005 Mehta (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2005/OO953OO A1 5/2005 Wynn patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2005, 0112171 A1 5/2005 Tang U.S.C. 154(b) by 423 days. 2005/O152958 A1 7/2005 Cordes 2005/0238689 A1 10/2005 Carpenter 2006, OO13851 A1 1/2006 Giroux (21) Appl. No.: 12/203,761 2006/0091034 A1 5, 2006 Scalzo 2006/0172983 A1 8, 2006 Bezwada (22) Filed: Sep. 3, 2008 2006,0188547 A1 8, 2006 Bezwada 2007,025 1831 A1 11/2007 Kaczur (65) Prior Publication Data FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS US 2009/0076174 A1 Mar. 19, 2009 EP OO99.177 1, 1984 EP 146.0089 9, 2004 Related U.S. Application Data WO WO9638528 12/1996 WO WO 2004/008101 1, 2004 (60) Provisional application No. 60/969,787, filed on Sep. WO WO 2006/052790 5, 2006 4, 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes from Chrysosporium Lucknowense C1 and Their Use to Degrade Sugar Beet Pulp
    Characterization of cell wall degrading enzymes from Chrysosporium lucknowense C1 and their use to degrade sugar beet pulp Stefan Kühnel Thesis committee Thesis supervisor Prof. dr. ir. H. Gruppen Professor of Food Chemistry Wageningen University Thesis co-supervisor Dr. H. A. Schols Associate Professor, Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University Other members Dr. E. Bonnin Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nantes, France Prof. dr. J. van der Oost Wageningen University Prof. dr. J. G. M. Sanders Wageningen University Dr. J. A. M. de Bont C5 Yeast Company B. V., Bergen op Zoom This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School VLAG (Graduate School of Nutrition, Food Technology, Agrobiotechnology and Health Sciences) Characterization of cell wall degrading enzymes from Chrysosporium lucknowense C1 and their use to degrade sugar beet pulp Stefan Kühnel Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M. J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday 9 September 2011 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Stefan Kühnel Characterization of cell wall degrading enzymes from Chrysosporium lucknowense C1 and their use to degrade sugar beet pulp 192 pages PhD thesis Wageningen University, NL (2011) With references, with summaries in English, Dutch and German ISBN: 978-90-8585-978-9 Abstract Kühnel, S Characterization of cell wall degrading enzymes from Chrysosporium lucknowense C1 and their use to degrade sugar beet pulp Ph.D. thesis Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 2011 Key words Pectin, arabinan, biorefinery, mode of action, branched arabinose oligomers, ferulic acid esterase, arabinohydrolase, pretreatment Sugar beet pulp is the cellulose and pectin-rich debris remaining after sugar extrac- tion from sugar beets.
    [Show full text]
  • Panax Ginseng Callus, Suspension, and Root Cultures: Extraction and Qualitative Analysis Lyubov S
    Dyshlyuk L.S. et al. Foods and Raw Materials, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 369–376 E-ISSN 2310-9599 Foods and Raw Materials, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2 ISSN 2308-4057 Research Article DOI: http://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-2-369-376 Open Access Available online at http://jfrm.ru/en Panax ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures: extraction and qualitative analysis Lyubov S. Dyshlyuk , Anastasia I. Dmitrieva* , Svetlana A. Ivanova , Yuliya V. Golubcova, Lev A. Ostroumov Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russia * e-mail: [email protected] Received May 29, 2020; Accepted in revised form June 11, 2020; Published August 25, 2020 Abstract: Introduction. In recent years, scientists have been actively searching for medicinal plants containing biologically active substances with geroprotective properties to treat diseases of old age, in particular cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and others. Ginseng (Panax ginseng L.) is a promising source of geroprotective compounds. We aimed to select optimal parameters for extracting organic compounds from ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures and analyze their qualitative composition. Study objects and methods. We studied ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures, as well as their extracts. Biologically active substances were extracted with 30 to 70% ethanol. Organic compounds were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The results for each plant were archived and analyzed for the presence of quercetin, mangiferin, luteolin, rutin, quercetin-2-D-glucoside, malvidin, as well as caffeic, cinnamic, ferulic, and sinapinic acids. Results and discussion. We developed a procedure for screening solvents and performed a fractional qualitative analysis of biologically active substances extracted from ginseng.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of MALDI Mass Spectrometry in Natural Products Analysis
    Reviews 671 Application of MALDI Mass Spectrometry in Natural Products Analysis Authors Ricardo Silva 1, Norberto Peporine Lopes1, Denise Brentan Silva 1, 2 Affiliations 1 Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil 2 Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Key words Abstract DHAP: 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone l" MALDI ! DHB: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid l" dereplication This article presents the utility of mass spectrom- DIT: dithranol l" natural products etry with a MALDI ionization source in natural EI: electron ionization l" fragmentation products analysis. The advantages and drawbacks FAB: fast atom bombardment l" data processing of this technique for natural products analyses FT: Fourier transform will be presented and discussed. In addition, the IAA: trans-3-indoleacrylic acid structural determination of secondary metabo- ICR: ion cyclotron resonance lites using MALDI‑MS/MS will be explored, which IMS: imaging mass spectrometry received May 3, 2015 can guide MALDI experimental methods and IT: ion trap revised March 1, 2016 stimulate new research in this area. Finally, sev- LDI: laser desorption/ionization accepted March 2, 2016 eral important approaches for MALDI data pro- LiDHB: lithium 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate Bibliography cessing will be discussed. HABA: 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic
    [Show full text]
  • Free Radicals Induced Oxidative Stress at a Molecular Level: the Current Status, Challenges and Perspectives of Computational Chemistry Based Protocols
    J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 2015, 59(4), 231-262 Article © 2015, Sociedad Química de México ISSN 1870-249X Free Radicals Induced Oxidative Stress at a Molecular Level: The Current Status, Challenges and Perspectives of Computational Chemistry Based Protocols Annia Galano1 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Departamento de Química. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa. C. P. 09340. México D. F. México. Received September 14th, 2015; Accepted January 18th, 2016 Abstract. Oxidative stress is frequently caused by an excess of free Resumen. El estrés oxidativo frecuentemente es causado por un exce- radicals and has been associated with a wide variety of health disor- so de radicales libres, y ha sido asociado con una amplia variedad de ders. Therefore, finding strategies for scavenging free radicals has be- problemas de salud. Es por ello que encontrar estrategias viables para come an active area of research. This review summarizes, from a eliminar radicales libres se ha convertido en una activa área de inves- physicochemical perspective, relevant strategies to fight oxidative tigación. Esta reseña resume, desde una perspectiva fisicoquímica, stress via antioxidants, including prevention, deactivation of oxidants, estrategias relevantes para combatir el estrés oxidativo por medio de and repair of damaged targets. Different reaction mechanisms in- antioxidantes incluyendo prevención, desactivación de oxidantes, y volved in the chemical protection exerted by antioxidants are dis- reparación de blancos dañados. Se discuten diferentes mecanismos de cussed, as well as their relative importance depending on several reacción involucrados en la protección química que ejercen los an- aspects.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article Recent Applications of Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Grape and Wine Polyphenols
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Spectroscopy Volume 2013, Article ID 813563, 45 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/813563 Review Article Recent Applications of Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Grape and Wine Polyphenols Riccardo Flamini Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura-Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura (CRA-VIT), Viale XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Riccardo Flamini; riccardo.�amini�entecra.it Received 24 September 2012; Accepted 12 October 2012 Academic �ditors: D.-A. Guo, �. Sta�lov, and M. Valko Copyright © 2013 Riccardo Flamini. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Polyphenols are the principal compounds associated with health bene�c effects of wine consumption and in general are characterized by antioxidant activities. Mass spectrometry is shown to play a very important role in the research of polyphenols in grape and wine and for the quality control of products. e so ionization of LC/MS makes these techniques suitable to study the structures of polyphenols and anthocyanins in grape extracts and to characterize polyphenolic derivatives formed in wines and correlated to the sensorial characteristics of the product. e coupling of the several MS techniques presented here is shown to be highly effective in structural characterization of the large number of low and high molecular weight polyphenols in grape and wine and also can be highly effective in the study of grape metabolomics. 1. Principal Polyphenols of Grape and Wine During winemaking the condensed (or nonhydrolyzable) tannins are transferred to the wine and contribute strongly to Polyphenols are the principal compounds associated to the sensorial characteristic of the product.
    [Show full text]
  • Sinapic Acid and Its Derivatives As Medicine in Oxidative Stress-Induced Diseases and Aging
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2016, Article ID 3571614, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3571614 Review Article Sinapic Acid and Its Derivatives as Medicine in Oxidative Stress-Induced Diseases and Aging Chunye Chen Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China Correspondence should be addressed to Chunye Chen; [email protected] Received 29 October 2014; Revised 2 January 2015; Accepted 12 January 2015 Academic Editor: Mat´ıas Mosqueira Copyright © 2016 Chunye Chen. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) is an orally bioavailable phytochemical, extensively found in spices, citrus and berry fruits, vegetables, cereals, and oilseed crops and is known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimutagenic, antiglycemic, neuroprotective, and antibacterial activities. The literature reveals that sinapic acid is a bioactive phenolic acid and has the potential to attenuate various chemically induced toxicities. This minireview is an effort to summarize the available literature about pharmacokinetic, therapeutic, and protective potential of this versatile molecule in health related areas. 1. Introduction Sinapicacidexistsinbothfreeandesterform;some esters are sinapoyl esters, sinapine (sinapoylcholine), and As a result of metabolic processes, there is continuous pro- sinapoyl malate [8, 9]. Sinapic acid is a phytochemical found duction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl in various edible plants such as spices, citrus and berry fruits, radicals [1], in human body.
    [Show full text]
  • Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements
    antioxidants Article Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements Jitka Viktorova 1 , Milena Stranska-Zachariasova 2,*, Marie Fenclova 2, Libor Vitek 3 , Jana Hajslova 2, Vladimir Kren 4 and Tomas Ruml 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic 2 Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republice 3 4th Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic 4 Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeˇnská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republice * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 June 2019; Accepted: 12 August 2019; Published: 18 August 2019 Abstract: Numerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,20-azino-bis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and cellular (CAA) antioxidant tests on a broad set of milk thistle dietary supplements containing silymarin. In addition to 26 commercially available preparations, also the natural silymarin extract available from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, and a model mixture of pure flavonoid/flavonolignans mimicking the silymarin composition were investigated as control samples. Significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of the supplements were observed. Unlike the DPPH, the results of the ABTS and ORAC methods correlated with the silymarin components determined by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Compounds of Berries, Chokecherry and Seabuckthorn
    Cent. Eur. J. Biol. • 4(4) • 2009 • 499–506 DOI: 10.2478/s11535-009-0041-1 Central European Journal of Biology Comparison of antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds of berries, chokecherry and seabuckthorn Research Article Wende Li1, Arnold W. Hydamaka 1, Lynda Lowry2, Trust Beta1,3* 1Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada 2Food Development Centre, Portage la Prairie, Manitoba R1N 3J9, Canada 3Richardson Centre for Functional Foods & Nutraceuticals, Smartpark, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 6C5, Canada Received 9 June 2009; Accepted 21 July 2009 Abstract: Antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and anthocyanins) of four berry fruits (strawberry, Saskatoon berry, raspberry and wild blueberry), chokecherry and seabuckthorn were compared in the present study. Total phenolic content and total anthocyanin content ranged from 22.83 to 131.88 g/kg and 3.51 to 13.13 g/kg, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity ranged from 29.97 to 78.86%. Chokecherry had the highest antioxidant capacity when compared with berry fruits and seabuckthorn. The highest caffeic acid, gallic acid and trans-cinnamic acid levels were found in chokecherry (6455 mg/kg), raspberry (1129 mg/kg) and strawberry (566 mg/kg), respectively. Caffeic acid was also the major phenolic acid in Saskatoon berry (2088 mg/kg) and wild blueberry (1473 mg/kg). The findings that chokecherry has very high antioxidant capacity and caffeic acid levels, are useful for developing novel value-added antioxidant products and also provide evidence essential for breeding novel cultivars of fruit plants with strong natural antioxidants.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant Potential of Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Advanced Oxidation Processes
    Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 11 (2016) 8848 – 8860, doi: 10.20964/2016.10.12 International Journal of ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE www.electrochemsci.org Antioxidant Potential of Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Advanced Oxidation Processes Anna Masek1,*, Ewa Chrzescijanska2, Malgorzata Latos1, Marian Zaborski1 1 Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 90- 924 Lodz, ul. Stefanowskiego 12/16, Poland 2 Technical University of Lodz, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 90-924 Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 116, Poland *E-mail: [email protected] Received: 17 June 2016 / Accepted: 27 July 2016 / Published: 6 September 2016 The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of a natural antioxidant derived from the group of the hydroxycinnamic acids (sinapic and ferulic acid). Electrochemical methods and other spectrophotometric assays were studied for the analysis to determine the mechanism of action in the advanced oxidation processes. ABTS and DPPH methods has been allowed to access the potential of natural compounds to scavenge free radicals, but the methods of FRAP and CUPRAC possible to determine the potential for reduction of copper and iron ions. The curve of the differential pulsed and cyclic voltammograms found that ferulic acid is oxidized in one step electrode, and sinapic acid in two stages electrode. Sinapic acid oxidizes easily with superior abilities of antioxioxidant. Based on the survey, it was found that both tested hydroxycinnamic acids have high potential of antioxidants. Keywords: ferulic acid; synapic acid; electrooxidation; antioxidant; spectrophotometric assay 1. INTRODUCTION Polyphenols are the most numerous group of secondary metabolites, have high antiallergic, anti- inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of Α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Ceratophyllum Demersum L
    molecules Article Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Identification of Phytochemical Profiling by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Zhen Li 1, Zongcai Tu 1,2,*, Hui Wang 1 and Lu Zhang 2,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (H.W.) 2 National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.T.); [email protected] (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-791-8812-1868 (Z.T.); +86-791-8812-7901 (L.Z.) Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 25 September 2020; Published: 1 October 2020 Abstract: Ceratophyllum demersum L. (CDL) is a traditional Chinese herb to treat many diseases, but research on its anti-diabetic activity is not available. In this research, the α-glucosidase inhibitory ability and phytochemical constituents of CDL extract were firstly studied. Optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) were optimized by single factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM), which was confirmed as 70% methanol, liquid-to-solid ratio of 43 (mL/g), extraction time of 54 min, ultrasonic power of 350 W, and extraction temperature of 40 ◦C. The lowest IC50 value for α-glucosidase inhibition was 0.15 mg dried material/mL (mg DM/mL), which was much lower than that of acarbose (IC50 value of 0.64 mg DM/mL). In total, 80 compounds including 8 organic acids, 11 phenolic acids, 25 flavonoids, 21 fatty acids, and 15 others were identified or tentatively identified from CDL extract by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis.
    [Show full text]