Application of MALDI Mass Spectrometry in Natural Products Analysis
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CHARACTERISTICS OF TEN TROPICAL HARDWOODS FROM CERTIFIED FORESTS IN BOLIVIA PART I WEATHERING CHARACTERISTICS AND DIMENSIONAL CHANGE R. Sam Williams Supervisory Research Chemist Regis Miller Botanist and John Gangstad Technician USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory1 Madison, WI 53705-2398 (Received July 2000) ABSTRACT Ten tropical hardwoods from Bolivia were evaluated for weathering performance (erosion rate, dimensional stability, warping, surface checking, and splitting). The wood species were Amburana crarensis (roble), Anudenanthera macrocarpa (curupau), Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Cjichituriqui), Astronium urundeuva (cuchi), Caesalpinia cf. pluviosa (momoqui), Diplotropis purpurea (sucupira), Guihourriu chodatiuna (sirari), Phyllostylon rhamnoides (cuta), Schinopsis cf. quebracho-colorudo (soto), and Tabeb~liuspp. (lapacho group) (tajibo or ipe). Eucalyptus marginatu Cjarrah) from Australia and Tectonu grandis (teak), both naturally grown from Burma and plantation-grown from Central America, were included in the study for comparison. The dimensional change for the species from Bolivia, commensurate with a change in relative humidity (RH) from 30% to 90%, varied from about 1.6% and 2.0% (radial and tangential directions) for Arnburunu cer~ren.risto 2.2% and 4.1% (radial and tangential) for Anadenanthera macrocarpu. The dimensional change for teak was 1.3% and 2.5% (radial and tangential) for the same change in relative humidity. None of the Bolivian species was completely free of warp or surface checks; however, Anadenanthera macrocarpu, Aspidosperma cy- lindrocurpon, and Schinopsis cf. quebracho-colorado performed almost as well as teak. The erosion rate of several of the wood species was considerably slower than that of teak, and there was little correlation between wood density and erosion rate. Part 2 of this report will include information on the decay resistance (natural durability) of these species. -
Phyllosticta Capitalensis, a Widespread Endophyte of Plants
Fungal Diversity DOI 10.1007/s13225-013-0235-8 Phyllosticta capitalensis, a widespread endophyte of plants Saowanee Wikee & Lorenzo Lombard & Pedro W. Crous & Chiharu Nakashima & Keiichi Motohashi & Ekachai Chukeatirote & Siti A. Alias & Eric H. C. McKenzie & Kevin D. Hyde Received: 21 February 2013 /Accepted: 9 April 2013 # Mushroom Research Foundation 2013 Abstract Phyllosticta capitalensis is an endophyte and weak capitalensis is commonly found associated with lesions of plants, plant pathogen with a worldwide distribution presently known and often incorrectly identified as a species of quarantine impor- from 70 plant families. This study isolated P. capitalensis from tance, which again has implications for trade in agricultural and different host plants in northern Thailand, and determined their forestry production. different life modes. Thirty strains of P. capitalensis were isolated as endophytes from 20 hosts. An additional 30 strains of P. Keywords Guignardia . Leaf spot . Morphology . capitalensis from other hosts and geographic locations were also Molecular phylogeny . Quarantine obtained from established culture collections. Phylogenetic anal- ysis using ITS, ACT and TEF gene data confirmed the identity of all isolates. Pathogenicity tests with five strains of P. capitalensis Introduction originating from different hosts were completed on their respec- tive host plants. In all cases there was no infection of healthy Species in the genus Phyllosticta are mostly plant pathogens leaves, indicating that this endophyte does not cause disease on of a wide range of hosts and are responsible for diseases healthy, unstressed host plants. That P. capitalensis is often including leaf spots and black spots on fruits (Wulandari et isolated as an endophyte has important implications in fungal al. -
Family Scientific Name Life Form Anacardiaceae Spondias Tuberosa
Supplementary Materials: Figure S1 Performance of the gap-filling algorithm on the daily Gcc time-series of the woody cerrado site. The algorithm created, based on an Auto-regressive moving average model (ARMA) fitting over the Gcc time-series, consists of three steps: first, the optimal order of the ARMA model is chosen based on physical principles; secondly, data segments before and after a given gap are fitted using an ARMA model of the order selected in the first step; and next, the gap is interpolated using a weighted function of a forward and a backward prediction based on the models of the selected data segments. The second and third steps are repeated for each gap contained in the entire time series. Table S1 List of plant species identified in the field that appeared in the images retrieved from the digital camera at the caatinga site. Family Scientific name Life form Anacardiaceae Spondias tuberosa Arruda Shrub|Tree Anacardiaceae Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão Tree Anacardiaceae Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. Tree Apocynaceae Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. & Zucc. Tree Bignoniaceae Handroanthus spongiosus (Rizzini) S.Grose Tree Burseraceae Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett Shrub|Tree Cactaceae Pilosocereus Byles & Rowley NA Euphorbiaceae Sapium argutum (Müll.Arg.) Huber Shrub|Tree Euphorbiaceae Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong Shrub|Tree Euphorbiaceae Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl Shrub|Tree Euphorbiaceae Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K.Hoffm. NA Euphorbiaceae Croton conduplicatus Kunth Shrub|Sub-Shrub Fabaceae Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. Shrub|Tree|Sub-Shrub Fabaceae Poincianella microphylla (Mart. ex G.Don) L.P.Queiroz Shrub|Tree Fabaceae Senegalia piauhiensis (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger Shrub|Tree Fabaceae Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz NA Malvaceae Pseudobombax simplicifolium A.Robyns Tree Table S2 List of plant species identified in the field that appeared in the images taken at the cerrado shrubland. -
Recent Progress in Laser Analytics
KOLUMNE 417 CHIMIA 44 (1990) Nr.I~ (Ikzem""r) Chimia 44 (/990) 417 424 <&') Schll'ei=. Chemiker- Verhand; ISSN 0009 4293 Recent Progress in Laser Analytics Analytical methods are on their way to mass spectrometry (MS). In 1946, William penetrate the biological sciences. In this E. Stephens (University of Pennsylvania in trend, laser technology plays an important Philadelphia) described a mass spectrome- role, especially in the form of laser-desorp- ter with time dispersion, followed by the tion mass spectrometry (LD-MS). ion velocitron of A.E. Cameron and D.£. The remarkable progress made in this Eggers. These devices represented early field is nicely demonstrated by a statement forms of the time-of-flight mass spectrom- made in 1986 by Frank H. Field, a specialist eter (TOF-MS) first described by the Swiss in the mass spectrometric investigation of R. Keller in 1949. biomolecules and Professor at Rockefeller The first commercially successful TOF- University in New York. Citing Professor MS was introduced by Bendix Corpora- In dieser Kalwnne schreibl Field: 'The mass region of real interest for tion, and it was based on the design re- Prof Dr. H. M. Widmer proteins lies between 40000 and 100000 ported in 1955 by William C. Wile)' and Forse/lUng Analylik Da, and one can only speculate as to l. H. McLaren (Bendix Aviation Corpom- Ciha-Geigy AG. FO 3.2 CH 4{)()2 Basel whether such monster gaseos ions could be tion). In these early days of TOF-MS, the regelmiissig eigene Meinungsarlike/ oder liidl Giiste produced. My personal feeling is that to do ions were generated by electron impact ein. -
Growth and Volume of Myracroduon Urundeuva Allemão After Ten Years of Silvicultural Interventions
AJCS 11(03):271-276 (2017) ISSN:1835-2707 doi: 10.21475/ajcs.17.11.03.pne360 Growth and volume of Myracroduon urundeuva Allemão after ten years of silvicultural interventions Ana Carolina Freitas Xavier1, Carlos de Melo e Silva-Neto*2, Thalles Oliveira Martins3, Fernanda Gomes Ferreira4, Marina Morais Monteiro4, Guilherme Murilo de Oliveira4, Fábio Venturoli4 1Federal Technology University of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil 2Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás (IFG), Goiás City, Goiás, Brazil 3University of Brasília, Department of Forest Engineering, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Zip Code: 04357, Post Code: 70904-970, Asa Norte, Brasilia/DF, Brazil 4Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Zip Code: 74900-000; Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The application of low impact silvicultural management techniques encourage the growth of tree species of high commercial value without interfering negatively in natural regeneration. The Myracroduon urundeuva has high mechanical strength, high density and considerable durability, therefore being highly used in construction, woodworking and carpentry, but had an intense and predatory exploration process devastating its natural populations due to its multiple uses The objectives of this study were to evaluate the diametrical increase of Myracroduon urundeuva Allemão adults and assess the influence of competition elimination treatments on the population structure and dynamics. A total of twelve plots of 750 m² were established side by side. The experimental plots were randomly submitted to different treatments after the vegetation survey: (T1) – witness; T2 – removal of woody species within a one- meter radius (1 m) for each individual of Myracrodruon urundeuva with DBH > 9 cm; treatment 3 (T3) – same as T2 plus the removal of vines throughout the plot. -
Using Mass Spectrometry for Proteins by Martha M
Chemical Education Today Report: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2002 Using Mass Spectrometry for Proteins by Martha M. Vestling The 2002 Chemistry Nobel Prize has mass spectrom- etrists everywhere celebrating. It recognizes work that put large proteins—10,000 Da and larger—into mass spectrom- eters. In order to obtain a mass spectrum of a protein, the protein must go through an ion source and an analyzer to reach the detector (see Figure 1). Half of the 2002 Nobel Prize was shared by Koichi Tanaka and John B. Fenn for ob- taining mass spectra of large biomolecules. To do this, they used two different innovations in ion source design that were developed in the 1980s. For their award winning experiments, Tanaka used laser desorption ionization while Fenn used electrospray ionization. These two techniques became com- mercially available in the early 1990s and have revolutionized the way mass spectrometry is done. Both laser desorption ionization and electrospray ioniza- tion can be used with all sorts and sizes of molecules, most of which could not be analyzed by mass spectrometry fifteen years Figure 2. Common ion types for mass spectrometry. ago. For example, small peptides char when heated and need derivatization for analysis with gas chromatography/mass spec- diameter) in glycerol, ethanol, and acetone and deposited on trometry (GCMS). Both laser desorption and electrospray eas- the sample holder. After vacuum drying, the holder was in- ily produce protonated peptide ions. Sugars like sucrose serted into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer where a nitro- caramelize when heated and without derivatization are not gen laser (337 nm) was fired at the sample spot. -
Microarray-Based Mass Spectrometry for Mammalian Cell Culture Monitoring in Biotechnological Production Processes
Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Microarray-based mass spectrometry for mammalian cell culture monitoring in biotechnological production processes Author(s): Steinhoff, Robert F. Publication Date: 2016 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010750104 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISS. ETH NO. 23665 Microarray-based mass spectrometry for mammalian cell culture monitoring in biotechnological production processes A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by Robert Friedrich Steinhoff M.Sc. in Chemistry, Technical University Munich (TUM) born on 06.05.1985 citizen of Lindau (Bodensee), Germany accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Renato Zenobi, examiner Prof. Dr. Massimo Morbidelli, co-examiner 2016 ii Acknowledgements Dear reader, The present work on microarray MALDI mass spectrometry has been accomplished in the years 2012 to 2016 at ETH Zurich in the lab of Prof. Zenobi. The excellent infrastructure within ETH Zurich has been the fruitful foundation for this thesis. I am thankful to Prof. Renato Zenobi, who accepted me to work in his lab, firstly as a master student and later as PhD- student within the European Marie Curie initial training network ISOLATE. I am deeply grateful to my parents, my brother, my grandmas, my aunts – hereof especially aunt Gabriela Konietzko who always encouraged and supported me - my uncles, my cousins and their families for their endless understanding and support throughout my education. -
Chemistry Nobel Prize 2002 Goes to Analytical Chemistry
CHEMISTRY NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS 2002 73 CHIMIA 2003, 57, No. 1/2 Chimia 57 (2003) 73–73 © Schweizerische Chemische Gesellschaft ISSN 0009–4293 Chemistry Nobel Prize 2002 Goes to Analytical Chemistry K. Wüthrich J.B. Fenn K. Tanaka October 2002 was a great month for complexes, the ribosome, or even intact 2nd Japan–China Joint Symposium on Swiss science with Kurt Wüthrich of the viruses by using ESI. Fenn did his original Mass Spectrometry, and published them in ETH Zürich winning the Chemistry Nobel work on ESI while a professor at Yale Uni- 1988 (Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. prize 2002. The other half of the 2002 versity in the early 1980s. Coming from the 1988, 2, 151–153). In his original work, Chemistry Nobel prize went jointly to field of molecular beams, he was following Tanaka and his coworkers used a sample John B. Fenn of the Virginia Common- up on earlier (but unsuccessful) work by preparation where the analyte is mixed with wealth University (Richmond, USA) and to Malcolm Dole to produce gas-phase ions ultrafine cobalt powder and glycerol as a Koichi Tanaka of Shimadzu Corp. (Kyoto, from very large molecules. Fenn’s experi- vacuum-stable binding medium. When ir- Japan), who independently developed tech- ence with molecular beam methods helped radiated with a pulse from a low energy ni- niques to ionize large molecules for study him to succeed where the earlier research in trogen laser, the metal particles heat up rap- by mass spectrometry. This recognition for this direction had failed. Because electro- idly, releasing glycerol and intact analyte the development of analytical methods for spray ionization produces multiply charged molecules into the gas phase. -
Does Restoration Enhance Regeneration of Seasonal Deciduous Forests in Pastures in Central Brazil? Alexandre B
Does Restoration Enhance Regeneration of Seasonal Deciduous Forests in Pastures in Central Brazil? Alexandre B. Sampaio,1,2,3 Karen D. Holl,4 and Aldicir Scariot5 Abstract Plowing substantially reduced the density of naturally The goal of restoration is to accelerate ecosystem established stems. Despite the high survival of planted recovery, but in ecosystems that naturally regenerate seedlings, stem density in planting treatments did not rapidly restoration techniques need to be selected care- change because the tractor and digging holes to plant fully to facilitate rather than impede natural recovery. seedlings caused mortality of naturally regenerating We compared the effects of five restoration techniques, seedlings. Tree stems grew more in the grass release such as plowing the soil, removing grasses, adding for- plots than in the control plots. Our results suggest that est litter, seeding, and planting nursery-growing seed- early succession of seasonal deciduous forest in pastures lings, on the regeneration of seasonal deciduous forest in the region studied does not need to be stimulated trees in four abandoned pastures in central Brazil. We once the perturbation is stopped and that intensive res- monitored all woody stems immediately prior to treat- toration efforts may actually slow recovery. We recom- ments and again 14 months after the treatments. We mend only enrichment planting of seedlings that are recorded an average of 16,663 tree stems per hectare not able to resprout. and a total of 83 species before implementing treat- ments. Planting strongly increased species richness; add- Key words: Cerrado biome, colonization, Coppice shoot- ing litter and seeding had weaker positive effects on ing, dry forest, forest succession, pasture, regrowth, resili- richness; and plowing and grass removal had no effect. -
Traditional Knowledge and Restoration of Permanent Preservation Area in Rondonia
EVARISTO, LENCI, CARVALHO, TRONCO & PASA 87 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND RESTORATION OF PERMANENT PRESERVATION AREA IN RONDONIA. BRAZIL ANDRÉ DE PAULO EVARISTO1 LUCAS HENRIQUE VIEIRA LENCI2 ALAIDE OLIVEIRA CARVALHO3 KENIA MICHELE DE QUADROS TRONCO4 MARIA CORETTE PASA5 ABSTRACT: Restorations of anthropogenically degraded ecosystems present a relative demand for information that influences the success of the project. Environmental analysis, with the interface of ethnobotany and the management of the rural producer with the plants that make up these areas can make the experiments successful. We aimed verify the environmental perception and ethnobotany in the area of permanent preservation (PPA) restored in the Western Amazon. Data were collected through semi-structured and open interviews, direct observation, life history and walks-in-the-woods and participant observations. The restoration takes place nine years ago and was implemented to comply with environmental legislation. Currently the revegetation area serves as an ecological corridor, animal shelter and protection of local water resources, and has been evaluated positively given the environmental importance for the region. The most represented botanical families were Fabaceae and Meliaceae their products are considered sources of food and medicines. The revegetation in the area provides shading, which favors the volume of the water course and also influencing the local microclimate. Keywords: Restoration, Traditional knowledge, Ethnobotany CONOCIMIENTOS TRADICIONALES Y RESTAURACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE CONSERVACIÓN PERMANENTE EN RONDÔNIA. BRASIL Resumen: La restauración de ecosistemas degradados, mediante diversos usos antrópicos del suelo, viene presentando relativa demanda por informaciones para incidir en el éxito del proyecto. Así, analizar la percepción ambiental de los productores y el conocimiento sobre las especies que componen esas áreas pueden auxiliar en esa búsqueda de experiencias exitosas. -
Chemical Composition of Red Wines Made from Hybrid Grape and Common Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) Cultivars
444 Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 2014, 63, 4, 444–453 Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 2014, 63, 4, 444–453 doi: 10.3176/proc.2014.4.10 Available online at www.eap.ee/proceedings Chemical composition of red wines made from hybrid grape and common grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars Priit Pedastsaara*, Merike Vaherb, Kati Helmjab, Maria Kulpb, Mihkel Kaljurandb, Kadri Karpc, Ain Raald, Vaios Karathanose, and Tõnu Püssaa a Department of Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 58A, 51014 Tartu, Estonia b Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia c Department of Horticulture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia d Department of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia e Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., Athens, Greece Received 21 June 2013, revised 8 May 2014, accepted 23 May 2014, available online 20 November 2014 Abstract. Since the formulation of the “French paradox”, red grape wines are generally considered to be health-promoting products rather than culpable alcoholic beverages. The total wine production, totalling an equivalent of 30 billion 750 mL bottles in 2009, only verifies the fact that global demand is increasing and that the polyphenols present in wines are accounting for a significant proportion of the daily antioxidant intake of the general population. Both statements justify the interest of new regions to be self-sufficient in the wine production. Novel cold tolerant hybrid grape varieties also make it possible to produce wines in regions where winter temperatures fall below – 30 °C and the yearly sum of active temperatures does not exceed 1750 °C. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,026,285 B2 Bezwada (45) Date of Patent: Sep
US008O26285B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,026,285 B2 BeZWada (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 27, 2011 (54) CONTROL RELEASE OF BIOLOGICALLY 6,955,827 B2 10/2005 Barabolak ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM 2002/0028229 A1 3/2002 Lezdey 2002fO169275 A1 11/2002 Matsuda MULT-ARMED OLGOMERS 2003/O158598 A1 8, 2003 Ashton et al. 2003/0216307 A1 11/2003 Kohn (75) Inventor: Rao S. Bezwada, Hillsborough, NJ (US) 2003/0232091 A1 12/2003 Shefer 2004/0096476 A1 5, 2004 Uhrich (73) Assignee: Bezwada Biomedical, LLC, 2004/01 17007 A1 6/2004 Whitbourne 2004/O185250 A1 9, 2004 John Hillsborough, NJ (US) 2005/0048121 A1 3, 2005 East 2005/OO74493 A1 4/2005 Mehta (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2005/OO953OO A1 5/2005 Wynn patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2005, 0112171 A1 5/2005 Tang U.S.C. 154(b) by 423 days. 2005/O152958 A1 7/2005 Cordes 2005/0238689 A1 10/2005 Carpenter 2006, OO13851 A1 1/2006 Giroux (21) Appl. No.: 12/203,761 2006/0091034 A1 5, 2006 Scalzo 2006/0172983 A1 8, 2006 Bezwada (22) Filed: Sep. 3, 2008 2006,0188547 A1 8, 2006 Bezwada 2007,025 1831 A1 11/2007 Kaczur (65) Prior Publication Data FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS US 2009/0076174 A1 Mar. 19, 2009 EP OO99.177 1, 1984 EP 146.0089 9, 2004 Related U.S. Application Data WO WO9638528 12/1996 WO WO 2004/008101 1, 2004 (60) Provisional application No. 60/969,787, filed on Sep. WO WO 2006/052790 5, 2006 4, 2007.