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Tonex RF Bootcamp Tonex RF Bootcamp November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 1 History of RF And Early Telecommunications November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 2 How Did We Get Here? Days before radio..... • 1680 Newton first suggested concept of spectrum, but for visible light only • 1831 Faraday demonstrated that NS light, electricity, and magnetism U are related • 1864 Maxwell’s Equations: spectrum includes more than light LF HF VHF UHF MW IR UV XRAY • 1890’s First successful demos of radio transmission November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 3 Telegraphy Samuel F.B. Morse had the idea of the telegraph on a sea cruise in the 1833. He studied physics for two years, and In 1835 demonstrated a working prototype, which he patented in 1837. Derivatives of Morse’ binary code are still in use today The US Congress funded a demonstration line from Washington to Baltimore, completed in 1844. 1844: the first commercial telegraph circuits were coming into use. The railroads soon were using them for train dispatching, and the Western Union company resold idle time on railroad circuits for public telegrams, nationwide Samuel F. B. Morse at the peak of his career 1857: first trans-Atlantic submarine cable was installed Submarine Cable Installation Field Telegraphy news sketch from the 1850’s during the US Civil War, 1860’s November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 4 Telephony By the 1870’s, the telegraph was in use all over the world and largely taken for granted by the public, government, and business. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone, a device for carrying actual voices over wires. Initial telephone demonstrations sparked intense public interest and by the late 1890’s, telephone service was available in most towns and cities across the USA Alexander Graham Bell and his phone from 1876 demonstration Telephone Line Installation Crew 1880’s November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 5 Electromagnetic Radiation Interrelated electric and magnetic fields traveling through space Electromagnetic radiation travels at about electric c = 3108 m/s in a vacuum – the “cosmic field speed limit”! • 299792458.0 m/s, more exactly Propagation • in cables, 82-95% speed in a vacuum direction • In glass, about 66% speed in a vacuum magnetic field November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 6 Radio Milestones 1888: Heinrich Hertz, German physicist, gives lab demo of existance of electromagnetic waves at radio frequencies 1895: Guglielmo Marconi demonstrates a wireless radio telegraph over a 3-km path near his home it Italy 1897: the British fund Marconi’s development of reliable radio telegraphy over ranges of 100 kM 1902: Marconi’s successful trans-Atlantic demonstration 1902: Nathan Stubblefield demonstrates voice over radio Guglielmo Marconi 1906: Lee De Forest invents “audion”, triode vacuum tube radio pioneer, 1895 • feasible now to make steady carriers, and to amplify signals 1914: Radio became valuable military tool in World War I 1920s: Radio used for commercial broadcasting 1940s: first application of RADAR - English detection of incoming German planes during WW II MTS, 1950s: first public marriage of radio and telephony - MTS, IMTS Mobile Telephone System 1961: transistor developed: portable radio now practical 1961: IMTS - Improved Mobile Telephone Service Lee De Forest 1970s: Integrated circuit progress: MSI, LSI, VLSI, ASICs vacuum tube inventor 1979, 1983: AMPS cellular demo, commercial deployment November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 7 Prefixes for Large and Small Units November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 8 Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy Relationships Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) Energy (J) Radio > 1 x 10-1 < 3 x 109 < 2 x 10-24 Microwave 1 x 10-3 -1 x 10-1 3 x 109 - 3 x 1011 2 x 10-24- 2 x 10-22 Infrared 7 x 10-7 -1 x 10-3 3 x 1011 -4 x 1014 2 x 10-22 - 3 x 10-19 Optical 4 x 10-7 -7 x 10-7 4 x 1014 - 7.5 x 1014 3 x 10-19 - 5 x 10-19 UV 1 x 10-8 -4 x 10-7 7.5 x 1014 -3 x 1016 5 x 10-19 - 2 x 10-17 X-ray 1 x 10-11 - 1 x 10-8 3 x 1016 -3 x 1019 2 x 10-17 - 2 x 10-14 Gamma-ray < 1 x 10-11 > 3 x 1019 > 2 x 10-14 November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 9 Frequency vs. Wavelength November, 2014 RF Bootcamp - Course RF100 v10.0 - (c) 2014 Tonex RF100 - 10.
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