Index A morsellized and structural bone grafts, 2574–2575 AAOS classification, of acetabular bone defects, operative technique, 2575–2576 2557–2559 posterolateral approach, 2575 Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score, 100, 101 post-operative care, 2577 ABC. See Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) results, 2577, 2579 Abduction small fragment grafts, 2575 bracing, 4455 Acetabular rim syndrome, 2345 deformity, midfoot, 3549 Acetabuloplasty, 4602–4603. See also Shelf Abductor pollicis brevis (APB) acetabuloplasty median nerve lesions, 1585, 1586 Acetabulum median nerve palsy, 1587 bone metastases, 4303–4304 Abnormal parabola, metatarsalgia, 3529–3531 cementing process, 2408–2410 Acetabular bone defects component insertion, 2410 AAOS classification, 2557–2559 hip, 2347 CT scans, 2557 reaming, 2405 dislocation, prevention of, 2568–2569 rim preparation, 2406–2407 Paprosky classification, 2557, 2559, 2560 sucker aspirator device, 2407–2408 radiographic criteria, 2557 surface area, 2405–2406 reconstruction of, 2566, 2568 Acetabulum, aseptic loosening of THR Acetabular fractures aetiology and pathology, 2554–2555 aetiology, 2270–2271 anterolateral approach and implant removal, 2562–2563 in children, incomplete fractures, 4802 antibiotics, 2561–2562 classification of, 2270–2271 bone defects (see Acetabular bone defects) of columns, 2278–2279, 2288 complications, 2570 computerized axial tomography, 2285–2297 defect-specific reconstruction, 2564 disabling sequelae, 2313–2316 diagnosis of, 2555 in horizontal plane, 2275–2278, 2282–2288 goals, for hip reconstruction, 2560 ileo-inguinal approach, 2300–2306 isolated acetabular revision, 2558–2560 inveterate fractures, 2310–2313 post-operative care and rehabilitation, 2570 Iselin’s posterior approach, 2298–2297 pre-operative work-up, for infection, 2556 post-operative care and rehabilitation, 2306 radiographic criteria for, 2555 post-operative complications, 2307–2310 radiolucent lines, 2555 pre-operative planning and preparation, 2297–2298 revision implants, 2563–2564 principles of, 2270 surgical indications, 2555–2556 radiology, 2280–2285, 2289 surgical risk factors, 2560 surgical indications, 2297 type-I defect reconstruction, 2564 in vertical plane, 2271–2275, 2279, 2281 type-II defect reconstruction, 2564 Acetabular labrum, 2151 type-III defect reconstruction, 2564 Acetabular lip, 2270 type-IV defect reconstruction, 2564–2568 Acetabular revision total hip arthroplasty Acetabulum, hip replacement acetabular reconstruction, 2574, 2577–2580 anatomy, 2441–2442 combined cavitary segmental defect, 2574 bone grafting, 2445–2446 complications, 2579, 2581 CT scanning, 2442 graft preparation, 2576–2578 fixation of, 2444–2445 indication for, 2575 positioning of, 2443–2444 large fragment grafts, 2575 pre-operative planning, 2442–2443 G. Bentley (ed.), European Surgical Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 4897 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-34746-7, # EFORT 2014 4898 Index Achilles reinforcement, 3896–3897 augmented, 3869 Achilles tendinopathy biomechanics, 3861 calcaneus fractures, 3821, 3823 classical open technique, 3866–3868 diagnosis, 3886 complications, 3870–3872 insertion (see Insertion tendinopathy) epidemiology, 3860 tendon body pathology (see Tendon body pathology) mini-open, 3868 Achilles tendon allograft, PCL reconstruction open repair, 3865–3866 femoral tunnel, 3055–3056 percutaneous, 3867–3868 fixation, 3058 post-operative care and rehabilitation, 3869–3870 graft preparation, 3054–3055 presentation and diagnosis, 3861–3863 operating set-up, 3055 treatment, 3863–3865 patient position, 3054, 3055 Acute acromioclavicular-joint displacement. See also tibial tunnel, 3056–3058 Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries Achilles tendon chronic rupture deck-chair position, 1027 aetiology, 3876 deltotrapezius muscle fascia, 1029 allograft, 3885 K-wire placement, 1027, 1028, 1030 artificial materials, 3883 strap incision, 1028 diagnosis, 3876 Acute carpal tunnel syndrome, 1572 fascia lata, 3885 Acute charcot foot, 3943, 3945 free flap, 3885 Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO). indications, 3885–3886 See Osteomyelitis tendon augmentation, 3877–3882 Acute haematogenous periprosthetic infection, tendon transfer, 3881–3883 2513–2514 treatment indications, 3876 Acute lateral ankle ligament injury Achillon® mini-open technique, 3869 diagnosis, 3682–3683 Achondroplasia, 1671 management of, 3683 crossed lengthening, 4351 Acute lengthening procedure, brachymetatarsia, Acquired varus deformity, 4372 3531–3532 Acromial fractures, classification of, 949, 951 complications and salvage, 3532 Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries post-operative care and rehabilitation, 3532 acute, surgical treatment, 1027–1029 Acute ligament injuries, 1387–1388 aetiology, 1020–1021 Acute ligament injuries, knee anatomy, 848–849, 1020 ACL and MCL injuries, 2955–2956 chronic, surgical treatment, 1029–1031 anatomy and biomechanics, 2950 classification, 1021–1023 anterior cruciate ligament tears, 2955 complications, 1033–1035 history, 2951–2952 diagnosis, 1023–1024 imaging, 2953–2954 management, 1024–1026 locked knee, 2953 operative techniques, 1026–1028 management, 2954 outcome, 1032 medial collateral ligament sprains, 2954 paediatric sports injuries, 4858 multiple ligament injury, 2956 post-operative care and rehabilitation, 1032 PCL tears, 2956 pre-operative preparation and planning, 1026 physical examination, 2952–2953 surgical indications, 1025–1026 Acute low back pain. See also Low back pain surgilig ligament, 1031–1032 clinical recommendations, 779, 780 tumefaction, 1019 Acute-on-chronic SCFE treatment, 4429–4430 Acromio-humeral plate, shoulder arthrodesis, 1210 Acute-on-chronic slip, 4427 Acromion fractures Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation classification scheme of, 961 (APACHE), 100 operative technique, 962 Acute post-operative periprosthetic infection, 2513 post-operative, 1118 Acute SCFE treatment, 4429 surgical indications, 956 Acute slips, 4426 Acromionisers, 2159 Acute tarsometatarsal dislocation, diabetic foot, Active plantar flexion, 3861 3947, 3950 Acupass® Ap, 2902 Adamantinoma, 4116–4117 Acute Achilles tendon repair Adducto-equino-varus foot treatment, naviculectomy, Achillon® mini-open technique, 3869 4543, 4547 aetiology, 3861 Adhesiolysis, 1347 anatomy and pathology, 3860 Adhesion formation, in flexor tendon injuries, 1965 Index 4899 Adipose flap bulk protection, nerve pain, 1944, 1946–1947 Allograft techniques, for diaphyseal reconstruction, Adjacent level disease, 414–415 4244–4245 Adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) Alumina ceramics, total hip replacement ASDeg and ASDis lumbar fusion, 589–590 alumina/alumina bearings, revision of, 2468–2469 definition, 589 biological tolerance, 2462, 2463 lumbar disc arthroplasty, 590–592 brittleness, 2463 safety of spinal fusion and lumbar disc clinical experience, 2463–2464 replacement, 592 clinical outcome, 2464–2466 Adolescent tibia vara, 4379 complications of, 2466–2468 femoral deformity, 4382 friction characteristics, 2462–2463 hemi-epiphysiodesis, 4380–4382 surgical guidelines, 2470 tibia varus and torsion, 4382 vs. zirconia, physical properties of, 2462, 2643 AER. See Apical ectodermal ridge (AER) AMBRI classification systems, 1138 Agility® Ankle, 3707, 3722 AMBRII classification systems, 1164 Aging Ambulant child characteristics, 786 ankle plantar flexor lengthening, 4594–4595, higher probability of disintegration, 786–787 4598, 4599 I.V. disc degeneration, 786–788 calcaneal lengthening, 4587, 4588, 4592 spinal infections, 796–797 distal anterior femoral epiphyseodesis, 4587, typical disorders, 788–796 4589–4590 Akin osteotomy distal femoral extension osteotomy, 4583–4587 modified technique, 3412, 3414 distal hamstring lengthening, 4592, 4594, 4597 MTPJ, 3462 equinovarus foot deformity, 4595–4596 post-operative radiograph, 3412 first metatarsal extension osteotomy, 4590–4591, 4595 Allen test, 192, 193 medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy, Allgo¨wer suture technique, distal tibia fractures, 3783, 4588–4590, 4593 3784 patellar advancement, 4584, 4588 Allograft-prosthetic composites (APC), 2929–2930, 2934 proximal femoral de-rotation osteotomy, 4583–4585 femoral, 2930–2931 psoas lengthening, 4591–4592, 4596 tibial, 2930 tibial de-rotation osteotomy, 4857, 4591 Allografts tibialis anterior split transfer, 4597 Achilles tendon chronic rupture, 3885 tibialis posterior recession, 4596–4597, 4600 ACL repair, failure of, 3124–3126 valgus foot deformity, stabilisation of, 4587–4594 knee, 4228 Amelanotic melanomas, 1838–1839 limb salvage, 4237 American College of Surgeons (ACS), 99 meniscal allograft (see Meniscal allograft American Knee Society Score (AKSS) score, 3381 transplantation) American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) classification, open fractures, allogenic bone grafts, 217 700–701, 745, 746 osteoarticular, 4234 Amniotic band syndrome, 4516 peroneal tendon disorders, 3650 Amplitude of displacement, 141 UOA (see Unicondylar osteo-articular allografts Amputations (UOA)) arterial disease, 376 Allografts, bone loss in knee Boyd amputation, 388–389 aetiology, 2926, 2927 circular open, 381–382 anatomy and basic science, 2926 diabetic foot, 376, 3939, 3941 APC (see Allograft-prosthetic composites (APC)) disarticulation, at hip, 399–401 classification, 2926, 2927 disarticulation, at knee, 392–394 complications, 2933 Gritti-Stokes, 394–397 CT scan, 2932 indications, 376 diagnosis of, 2927 infection, 377 extensor mechanism allografts, 2931–2932 knee, 4228 indications, 2927 pain, 377 operative technique, 2928 periprosthetic infection, 2521–2522 post-operative care and rehabilitation, 2932–2933 post-operative