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Slang in Victorian England

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Slang in Victorian England TABLE OF CONTENTS About ATC . 1 Introduction to the Play . 2 Synopsis . 2 Meet the Characters . 3 Biography of Oscar Wilde . 4 The Life and Works of Oscar Wilde . 5 Aestheticism . 6 Historical Context . 6 Victorian Etiquette . 10 Terminology – Slang in Victorian England . 12 References and Glossary . 14 Wilde Witticisms . 19 Discussion and Activities . 20 Oscar Wilde, 1882. Photo by Napoleon Sarony. The Importance of Being Earnest Play Guide written and compiled by Katherine Monberg, Literary Associate, and Natasha Smith, Artistic Intern . Discussion questions and activities provided by April Jackson, Education Manager, and Amber Tibbitts and Bryanna Patrick, Education Associates . SUPPORT FOR ATC’S EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY PROGRAMMING HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY: APS JPMorgan Chase The Lovell Foundation Arizona Commission on the Arts John and Helen Murphy Foundation The Marshall Foundation Bank of America Foundation National Endowment for the Arts The Maurice and Meta Gross Foundation Blue Cross Blue Shield Arizona Phoenix Office of Arts and Culture The Max and Victoria Dreyfus Foundation City of Glendale PICOR Charitable Foundation The Stocker Foundation Community Foundation for Southern Arizona Rosemont Copper The William L . and Ruth T . Pendleton Cox Charities Stonewall Foundation Memorial Fund Downtown Tucson Partnership Target Tucson Medical Center Enterprise Holdings Foundation The Boeing Company Tucson Pima Arts Council Ford Motor Company Fund The Donald Pitt Family Foundation Wells Fargo Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Foundation The Johnson Family Foundation, Inc . A ABOUT ATC Arizona Theatre Company is a professional, not-for-profit theatre company . This means all of our artists, administrators and production staff are paid professionals, and the income we receive from ticket sales and contributions goes right back into our budget to create our work, rather than to any particular person as a profit . Each season, ATC employs hundreds of actors, directors and designers from all over the country to create the work you see on stage . In addition, ATC currently employs about 100 staff members in our production shops and administrative offices in Tucson and Phoenix during our season . Among these people are carpenters, painters, marketing professionals, fundraisers, stage directors, computer specialists, sound and light board operators, tailors, costume designers, box office agents, stage crew – the list is endless – representing an amazing range of talents and skills . We are also supported by a Board of Trustees, a group of business and community leaders who volunteer their time and expertise to assist the theatre in financial and legal matters, advise in marketing and fundraising, and help represent the theatre in our community . Roughly 150,000 people attend our shows every year, and several thousand of those people support us with charitable contributions in addition to purchasing their tickets . Businesses large and small, private foundations and the city and state governments also support our work financially . All of this is in support of our vision and mission: OUR VISION IS TO TOUCH LIVES THROUGH THE POWER OF THEATRE. Our mission is to create professional theatre that continually strives to reach new levels of artistic excellence and that resonates locally, in the state of Arizona and throughout the nation . In order to fulfill our mission, the theatre produces a broad repertoire ranging from classics to new works, engages artists of the highest caliber, and is committed to assuring access to the broadest spectrum of citizens . The Temple of Music and Art, the home of ATC shows in downtown Tucson. The Herberger Theater Center, ATC’s performance venue in downtown Phoenix. 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PLAY The Importance of Being Earnest – By Oscar Wilde – Directed by Stephen Wrentmore Trouble is brewing in a refined London bachelor flat! In Oscar Wilde’s endlessly delightful and most beloved classic, Jack is in love with Gwendolen, Algernon is in love with Cecily, but Gwendolen and Cecily are both in love with Ernest – who in fact does not exist . In a tangle of mistaken identity and delicious wordplay, the lovers also face the indomitable force of Lady Bracknell . Full of sparkling wit, satirical humor at every turn, and sprinkled with provocation, ATC presents one of the most adored and enduringly popular plays of all time, brought to new life with ATC’s panache . SYNOPSIS (SPOILER ALERT!) ACTOR LOREN DUNN who plays John “Jack” Worthing in The play begins in the fashionable London bachelor flat of Algernon “Algy” Moncrieff, as he discusses preparations with his butler, ATC’s production of The Importance Lane, for a social visit from his aunt . John “Jack” Worthing, known to everyone in London by the name of Ernest, arrives . Algy of Being Earnest. reveals to Jack, whom he believes to be named Ernest, that he is in possession of Jack’s lost cigarette case, but insists that it must belong to someone else because of an engraving which gifts it to a man named Jack . Jack admits to Algy that he is the guardian of a young woman, Cecily, who gave him the cigarette case, and that his name is Ernest in town, and Jack in the country . He pretends to have a wicked brother Ernest in town that he must frequently go to aid, in order to escape from the tiresome duties of guardianship in the country . Algy likewise has a fictional acquaintance whom he has named Bunbury, an invalid, whose frequent illnesses provide an excuse to absent himself from tedious social engagements, what he calls “Bunburying ”. Lady Bracknell, Algy’s sneering and domineering aunt, arrives with her daughter, Gwendolen Fairfax . Algy endeavors to leave Jack and Gwendolen alone together, for the express purpose of Jack’s proposal . Gwendolen accepts delightedly, revealing that she has always fantasized about loving a man named Ernest . Lady Bracknell discovers the so-called engage- ACTOR MATT LEISY who plays Algernon Moncrieff in ment and interrogates Jack thoroughly, discovering that while he may be wealthy, he is a foundling of unknown heritage, ATC’s production of The Importance and thus an inappropriate match for her daughter . She advises him to produce at least one of his parents before the end of of Being Earnest. the social season, in order to procure her daughter’s hand . After the ladies’ departure, Jack informs Algy that he will be killing off his fake brother before his deception is discovered . Gwendolen suddenly returns to assure Jack of her affections, and asks for his country address . Algy, having been previously forbidden from involving himself in Jack’s country life, secretly takes down the address as well . Jack leaves, and Lane presents Algy with a stack of unpaid bills, which Algy proceeds to tear into pieces . He instructs the butler to prepare his Bunburying materials, with which he shall depart the following day . The second act transports the audience to the garden of Jack’s country home where his young ward, Cecily, is supposedly studying with her governess, Miss Prism, but instead they discuss her Uncle Jack and his depraved brother, Ernest . ACTOR ANNELIESE VAN DER POL Dr . Chasuble, who runs the local church, arrives . Cecily pressures Miss Prism to go for a walk with him just as Merriman, who plays Gwendolen Fairfax in the butler, announces the arrival of Mr . Ernest Worthing . Cecily is ecstatic to meet her guardian’s brother at last – who is ATC’s production of The Importance of Being Earnest. really Algernon in disguise . Jack soon arrives, in full mourning dress, and informs Miss Prism and Dr . Chasuble that his unfortunate brother has died in Paris of a severe chill, and arranges a christening with Dr . Chasuble that afternoon to change his name to Ernest . Cecily enters and announces Ernest’s visit, to Jack’s obvious surprise, as Algy appears . Furious, Jack insists that Algy leave at once, to no avail . Once alone again, Algy and Cecily pledge their love for one another; Cecily, too, is enamored with the name Ernest, and Algy leaves to arrange his own christening . Cecily, alone in the garden, is once again informed of a visitor: Ms . Gwendolen Fairfax, who has sneaked away to surprise Jack at his country home . The two women appear friendly at first, until they discover that they are both engaged to Ernest Worthing, and their polite demeanors dissolve . As the argument intensifies, Jack and Algy arrive, and each is identified by their true name . The women, horrified and upset, depart into the ACTOR HEATHER MARIE COX house, leaving Jack and Algy to quarrel over which of them can rightfully change their name to Ernest . who plays Cecily Cardew in ATC’s production of The Importance 2 of Being Earnest. Inside, Cecily and Gwendolen decide what to do with the lying gentlemen . They quiz the men about their motivations, which “appear to be quite satisfactory,” though both women still insist that they cannot marry men with such plain, ugly names . Jack and Algy assure the women that they are both going to be christened that afternoon . The happiness is interrupted by Lady Bracknell, who promptly insists that neither her nephew nor her daughter are permitted to enter into the engagements of their choice . However, upon discovering Cecily’s immense wealth, she grants her consent to Algy and Cecily’s union . Jack, as legal guardian of Cecily, forbids their marriage until Lady Bracknell agrees to his engagement to Gwendolen . Lady Bracknell refuses, but before she leaves she discovers the presence of Miss Prism, recognizing her as the woman who lost her infant nephew years before . There follows a series of comic realizations as it is discovered that Jack was the infant misplaced by Miss Prism, and that he is actually Algy’s older brother . Furthermore, he was named after his father – Ernest John – so his real name is Ernest after all .
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