PRESENTATION OF THE ROYAL MEDALS and

THE IEEE/RSE/WOLFSON, JAMES CLERK MAXWELL AWARD 2013 by HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS

THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH KG KT

1e Royal Society of Edinburgh Monday 12 August 2013 WELCOME

It is a very great pleasure to welcome HRH The Duke of Edinburgh once more to The Royal Society of Edinburgh to present this Society’s Royal Medals and the IEEE/RSE/Wolfson, James Clerk Maxwell Award. These are our highest accolades. They reflect the Enlightenment spirit of the RSE’s Royal Charter of 1783 and its remit to advance learning and useful knowledge. The Royal Medals were created to mark the Millennium and have been awarded annually since then with the express approval of Her Majesty The Queen. This is the ninth occasion on which Prince Philip has presented these Medals. The James Clerk Maxwell Award, also being presented today, is a joint award made with the IEEE and funded by Wolfson Microelectronics plc. It recognises groundbreaking work by those who follow in Maxwell’s footsteps. This Award has been presented here by HRH since it was created in 2007. This year’s Royal Medallists – Sir John Cadogan, Professor Michael Ferguson and Sir Ian Wood – and the Maxwell Medallists, Professor Richard Muller and Professor Richard White, have excelled in their own fields. They have also made profound contributions to the lives of many throughout the world, helping generate a sense of new Enlightenment. It is for this combination of achievements that they are worthy recipients of these awards. We deeply appreciate the interest Prince Philip has shown in the Society during over 60 years of Honorary Fellowship and are particularly delighted to see His Royal Highness here in what has been an eventful year for the Royal Family.

PROFESSOR SIR JOHN ARBUTHNOTT MRIA PRSE PRESIDENT PROGRAMME

10.15 am Reception for Fellows and Guests in the Wellcome Rooms

11.00 am Fellows and Guests seated in the Wolfson Lecture 1eatre

11.30 am Arrival of His Royal Highness &e Duke of Edinburgh KG KT

Presentation of Medals by His Royal Highness &e Duke of Edinburgh

1e Royal Medals to: Sir John Cadogan CBE FRS FRSE FLSW Professor Michael Ferguson CBE FRS FRSE FMedSci Sir Ian Wood CBE FRSE

1e IEEE/RSE/Wolfson, James Clerk Maxwell Award to: Professor Richard Muller and Professor Richard White

12.00 pm Departures ROYAL MEDALLIST 2013

Sir John Cadogan CBE FRS FRSE FLSW

Sir John Cadogan CBE FRS FRSE FLSW Sir John Cadogan is one of the most distinguished and innovative physical scientists of our time. At the age of just 32, he arrived in Scotland to take up the Purdie Chair of Chemistry at the University of St Andrews. After transforming the Department of Chemistry there, he moved to the University of Edinburgh, where he stimulated major changes in research and the teaching of chemistry, including the establishment of a degree in environmental chemistry. This initiative widened the career options for chemistry graduates and attracted more students into chemistry. After ten years at the University of Edinburgh, Sir John moved into the industrial arena and took up the post of Chief Scientist with British Petroleum. There he built up one of the largest and most innovative research and development laboratories in Europe. In 1981, he became worldwide Director of Research and initiated an impressive programme devoted to green issues, including the championship of BP’s solar photovoltaic business. From 1994 to 1998, Sir John was Director General of the UK Science Research Councils at the Office of Science and Technology, during which time the budget was £1.33 billion. Sir John was elected a Fellow of the RSE in 1964, the Royal Society in 1976 and inaugural President of the Learned Society of Wales in 2010. He was made a CBE in 1985 and received a Knighthood in 1991. In 2001, he was awarded the Society of Chemical Industry’s Medal for “conspicuous services for applied chemistry by research, discovery and invention.” He continues to devote a large part of his time to stimulating economic growth and fundamental work in chemistry, medicine and the biological sciences. He was Chairman of DNA Research Innovations Ltd until its acquisition by the Invitrogen Corporation and has just stepped down as Chairman of Fusion Antibodies Ltd, while remaining a Director. It is for his outstanding contribution to organic chemistry through his research, discovery and invention, and for his leadership with the UK Research Councils and industry that Sir John Cadogan is awarded a Royal Society of Edinburgh Royal Medal. ROYAL MEDALLIST 2013

Professor Michael Ferguson CBE FRS FRSE FMedSci

Professor Michael A J Ferguson CBE FRS FRSE FMedSci Michael Ferguson is known for his pioneering studies defining the structure and synthesis of surface glycoproteins in the protozoan organisms called trypanosomes, which cause sleeping sickness and other tropical diseases. His laboratory at the University of Dundee is internationally known for its leading contributions to defining our present understanding of the cell surface molecular architecture of these organisms. During the past decade, Michael Ferguson has concentrated much of his effort into defining and validating strategies for the effective translation of basic science towards healthcare solutions for neglected diseases, unmet medical needs and economic benefit. He has played a leading role in founding the innovative Drug Discovery Unit laboratories at the University. Professor Ferguson, along with key colleagues in Dundee, also led the formation of the Drug Discovery for Tropical Diseases initiative which, in partnership with the Wellcome Trust, has the aim of translating outstanding basic research in molecular parasitology into pre-clinical drug candidates than can be developed for clinical trials. He believes in the fundamental importance of working across the biology/chemistry interface and in interdisciplinary research. Michael Ferguson was elected a Fellow of the RSE in 1994 and of the Royal Society in 2000. He was elected a Fellow of The Academy of Medical Sciences in 2007 and in 2008 was made a CBE for his services to science. He was appointed the first Regius Professor of Life Sciences at Dundee in 2013. It is for his outstanding contribution to the field of parasitology, his work in drug discovery to combat parasites, and for his leadership of a world-class team of scientists in Dundee that Professor Michael Ferguson is awarded a Royal Society of Edinburgh Royal Medal. ROYAL MEDALLIST 2013

Sir Ian Wood CBE FRSE

Sir Ian Wood CBE FRSE Sir Ian Wood is one of the country’s most distinguished and successful business leaders and enjoys the respect of both Scottish and UK Governments at the highest levels. After graduating from the University of in 1964, he joined the family business, John Wood & Son, a major fishing company in Aberdeen, and became Managing Director in 1967. Seeing the potential of the North Sea Oil business, he started a small offshoot of the family business to service this rapidly growing market. Although the original family business is still one of the largest fishing companies in Scotland, the John Wood Group PLC has grown to become a major international oil services business, with revenues of some $6 billion and employing more than 431,000 people in over 50 countries. In addition to growing and leading one of Scotland’s most successful companies, Sir Ian Wood has made a significant contribution to public life, both in Scotland and further afield. Sir Ian has received many awards and honours over the years. In 1979, he was named Young Scottish Businessman of the Year and in December 1982, he was made a CBE. In 1985, he received the Scottish Free Enterprise Award and in 1994, he received a Knighthood. He has been awarded Honorary Degrees from the , , Glasgow Caledonian University, Heriot-Watt University and Strathclyde University. In 2000, Sir Ian was elected a Fellow of the RSE and two years later he received the Corporate Elite ‘Leader of the Year Award’ from Business Insider and was admitted to the Entrepreneurial Exchange Hall of Fame. Since his recent retirement as Chairman of the Wood Group, Sir Ian has been chairing a Commission in Scotland, Developing Scotland's Young Workforce, and is also leading a Review, UKCS Maximising Oil & Gas Recovery, on behalf of the UK Government. It is for his outstanding contribution to business and commerce in Scotland through his development, growth and leadership of the John Wood Group PLC, his public service to Scotland in a variety of roles, and for his philanthropy that Sir Ian Wood is awarded a Royal Society of Edinburgh Royal Medal. THE ROYAL MEDALS

Her Majesty The Queen awarded the Royal Medals for the first time in 2000. As the Royal Medals recognise achievement in all intellectual fields, it was decided to unify them by commissioning one design for all three medals. Inspired by symbols on the Society’s Coat of Arms, the distinguished designer and engraver, Malcolm Appleby, translated images of the royal crown, radiant sun and stag and deer hound. ROYAL MEDALLISTS 2000–2012

The Royal Medals were presented for the first • Professor Sir Alan Peacock DSC FBA FRSE time in July 2000, when Her Majesty The Queen for his outstanding contribution to Social Science awarded them, in person, at The Royal Society and Public Policy; having achieved international of Edinburgh to: distinction on a range of fiscal issues where he • Professor Sir Kenneth Murray FRS FRSE has enhanced our understanding of key problems for his groundbreaking work in developing a vaccine in both taxation and public expenditure. for Hepatitis B, improving healthcare world-wide. Professor Murray died in 2013. In 2003 HRH The Duke of Edinburgh presented • Professor Peter Higgs FRS FRSE Royal Medals at The Royal Society of Edinburgh to: for offering a key to the problem of the origin • Professor Sir Michael Atiyah OM PPRS of Mass. The Higgs boson has been a crucial step HonFRSE for his profound and beneficial effect towards a unified theory of the forces of Nature. on the development of mathematics and science • The Rt Hon The Lord Perry of Walton OBE in the UK and Europe. FRS FRSE for his outstanding career in science • Lord Mackay of Clashfern KT PC QC FRSE and education, and for his pioneering work in for his outstanding contributions to Scots Law developing the Open University, which has been and public service, both within the UK and a model for similar institutions around the world. internationally. Lord Perry died in 2003. • Professor Sir Paul Nurse FRS HonFRSE for his outstanding contribution to genetics In 2001 HRH The Duke of Edinburgh presented research, in particular its relevance to cancer, Royal Medals at The Palace of Holyroodhouse to: in which he has become a leading figure • Professor Sir James Black OM FRS nationally and internationally. HonFRSE for his discovery and development of two blockbuster drugs: the renowned “β-blocker” In 2004 (then) RSE President, Lord Sutherland drugs, namely propanolol and cimetidine. of Houndwood, presented Royal Medals at The Sir James died in 2010. Royal Society of Edinburgh to: • Professor Tom Devine OBE FBA FRSE • Professor Sir Philip Cohen FRS FRSE HonMRIA for his distinguished and highly for his outstanding contribution to Life Sciences. acclaimed work on Irish and Scottish economic and • Professor Sir Neil MacCormick FRSE FBA social history which impacted upon the ‘peace process’. QC for his outstanding contribution to academic life • Professor Ian Scott FRS FRSE in Scotland and internationally, particularly in the for his revolutionary work on the way in which field of legal philosophy. Sir Neil died in 2009. vitamin B12, the essential life pigments chlorophyll • Professor Robin Milner FRS FRSE and heme, and the important anti-tumour agent for his outstanding contributions to software taxol, are produced. Professor Scott died in 2007. engineering which have changed the face of modern computer science. Professor Milner died in 2010. In 2002 HRH The Princess Royal presented Royal Medals at a Jubilee Dinner ceremony In 2005 (then) RSE President, Lord Sutherland held in the Signet Library to: of Houndwood presented Royal Medals at The • Professor Sir Alfred Cuschieri FRSE Royal Society of Edinburgh to: for his outstanding contribution to the practice • Professor Sir David Edward KCMG QC PC of medicine and pioneering developments FRSE for his outstanding contribution to the in minimal access or ‘keyhole’ surgery. law, both in the European Union and in Scotland; • Professor John R Mallard OBE FRSE to the legal profession in Scotland; and for his for his outstanding, pioneering work in the field contribution to public life. of medical imaging and diagnosis; developing • Professor William Hill OBE FRS FRSE two of the most important diagnostic technologies for his outstanding achievements in the field of the 20th Century, namely nuclear medicine and of Life Sciences. nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). ROYAL MEDALLISTS 2000–2012

In 2006 (then) RSE President, Professor Sir In 2009 HRH The Duke of Edinburgh presented Michael Atiyah, presented Royal Medals at Royal Medals at The Royal Society of Edinburgh to: The Royal Society of Edinburgh to: • Professor Sir James Mirrlees FBA • Professor Sir John Ball FRS FRSE HonFRSE for his outstanding contribution to for his outstanding contributions to applied economic theory which has had a global impact mathematics and his public service to the on economic development. international mathematics community. • Professor Wilson Sibbett CBE FRS FRSE • Sir David Jack CBE FRS FRSE for his outstanding contributions to physics in for his outstanding contribution to the Scotland and Scottish science, through his pharmaceutical industry and his untiring work Chairmanship of the Scottish Science Advisory and contributions to scientific organisations Committee. concerned with drug design and development. • Professor Karen Vousden CBE FRS FRSE Sir David died in 2011. FMedSci for her outstanding contribution to cancer research. In 2007 HRH The Duke of Edinburgh presented Royal Medals at Edinburgh's Telford In 2010 HRH The Duke of Edinburgh presented College to: Royal Medals at The Royal Society of Edinburgh to: • Professor Sir David Carter FRCSE FRCS • Dr James MacMillan CBE FRSE for his FRCPSG FRCPE HonFACS HonFRCSI FRSE outstanding contribution to music to Scotland for his outstanding contributions to Life Sciences and beyond. as a surgeon, a clinical academic and an outspoken • Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart FRS HonFRSE leader in the field both nationally and internationally. for his outstanding contribution to chemistry, • Professor John Laver CBE FBA FRSE particularly the area of molecular nanotechnology. for his outstanding contributions to the Humanities and Social Sciences, particularly in the field of In March 2011 (then) President Lord Wilson of phonetics, and his inspired academic leadership. Tillyorn presented a Royal Medal to • Sir Thomas McKillop FRS FRSE for his • Professor Noreen Murray CBE FRS FRSE for outstanding contributions to business and public her outstanding contribution to our understanding service in Scotland and internationally, particularly of bacterial host defence systems and her leading in the fields of biotechnology and finance. role in the development of gene cloning technology. Professor Murray died in May 2011. In 2008 HRH The Duke of Edinburgh In August 2011 HRH The Duke of Edinburgh presented Royal Medals at the Palace presented Royal Medals to: of Holyroodhouse to: • Baroness Helena Kennedy of the Shaws QC • Professor Roger Fletcher FRS FRSE for her outstanding contribution to human rights and for his outstanding contribution to mathematics and civil liberties, access to education, arts and ethics. software development. The reputation of applied • Professor S Desmond Smith OBE FRS FRSE and computational mathematics in Scotland has for his outstanding contribution to physics research. benefited enormously from his presence. • Right Reverend Richard Holloway FRSE In September 2012 HRH The Duke of Edinburgh who has made an outstanding contribution to presented Royal Medals to: the cultural life of Scotland through his public • Professor Sir Edwin Mellor Southern KB FRS debates on ethics and theology and by promoting, HonFRSE for his oustanding contribution to and direct involvement in, public policy issues. molecular biology. • Professor Sir David Lane FRS FRSE • Dr David Milne OBE FRSE for his outstanding contribution to cancer research for his outstanding contribution to business and and his commitment to developing new treatments, commerce in Scotland. along with the vital part he is playing in developing a knowledge-led economy in Scotland. IEEE/RSE/WOLFSON, JAMES CLERK MAXWELL AWARD 2013 Professor Richard Muller (left) and Professor Richard White

Richard S Muller and Richard M White The award is made jointly to Professor Muller and Professor White for their pioneering innovation and leadership in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The individual and collective contributions of Richard Muller and Richard White to the development and advancement of micro-electro-mechanical systems have resulted in technologies critical to applications ranging from cell phones to air-bag sensors in automobiles. Dr White’s development in 1965 of a microfabricated surface acoustic wave (SAW) electric filter is considered an early example of a MEMS device and the first to receive worldwide commercial attention. Today’s mobile phones rely on SAWs based on Dr White’s work in order to function properly. Dr Muller’s research in 1965 demonstrating mechanical coupling into microelectronic devices, and his further work on fabrication processes during the 1980s, were fundamental to the growth of MEMS. Dr Muller and his research group introduced polysilicon as a structural mechanical material and pioneered ‘surface micromachining’ for creating MEMS devices. In 1981, Dr Muller successfully proposed to IEEE the creation of the Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems and served as its Editor-in-Chief from 1997 to 2012. Together, in 1986, Drs Muller and White founded the Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center (BSAC), with the support of the NSF at the University of California. Under the pair’s guidance, together with that of a subsequent growing number of BSAC Directors, this in- dustry/university cooperative research centre has educated generations of students, developing some of the premier researchers active today in the MEMS field. BSAC researchers have investigated and contributed in a broad area of MEMS advances, including those making possible the accelerometers and gyroscopes found in automobile safety systems. Dr Muller is an IEEE Life Fellow and member of the US National Academy of Engineering. His many honours include the IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award (joint with R.T. Howe in 1998) and Third-Millennium Medal (2000). He is a Professor Emeritus and Professor in the Graduate School in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr White is an IEEE Life Fellow and member of the US National Academy of Engineering. His many honours include the IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award (1996). He is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley. THE IEEE/RSE/WOLFSON, JAMES CLERK MAXWELL AWARD

The IEEE and the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland, with funding from Wolfson Microelectronics plc, created a joint award in November 2006 to recognise groundbreaking contributions that have had an exceptional impact on the development of electronics and electrical engineering or related fields. The annual IEEE/RSE/Wolfson, James Clerk Maxwell Award includes a US $20,000 (or British pound sterling equivalent) honorarium, a gold medal and a certificate.

The award is named in honour of the 19th-Century Scottish mathematician and physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who laid the foundations of electromagnetic wave theory, radio propagation, microwave techniques and radio communications. Dr Irvin M Jacobs and Dr Andrew J Viterbi, co-founders of Qualcomm Incorporated, were jointly awarded the first of these awards in 2007. They received the award for fundamental contributions, innovation and leadership that enabled the growth of wireless communications. Dr Jacobs received his award at the IEEE Annual Honors Ceremony held in Pennsylvania, USA in June 2007. Dr Viterbi was presented with his medal by HRH The Duke of Edinburgh in July 2007 at the RSE Fellows’ Summer Soirée. Sir Timothy Berners-Lee was presented with his award in September 2008 at the IEEE Honors Ceremony in Quebec City for conceiving and further developing the World Wide Web. Professor Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli FIEEE was presented with his award by HRH The Duke of Edinburgh at the RSE in August 2009 for groundbreaking contributions that have had an exceptional impact on the development of electronics and the field of electrical engineering. Amar G Bose received the 2010 award for his outstanding contributions to consumer electronics in sound reproduction, industrial leadership and engineering education. Professor Marcian ‘Ted’ Hoff was presented with his award by HRH The Duke of Edinburgh at the RSE in August 2011, for developments in programmable integrated circuitry for a wide variety of applications. This includes developing the microprocessor. Professor Gerhard M Sessler was presented with his award by HRH The Duke of Edinburgh at the RSE in September 2012, for pioneering contributions to electroacoustic transducers, the development of silicon microphone technology, and seminal work on electroactive materials. SCOTLAND’S NATIONAL ACADEMY

OF THE SCIENCES, ARTS & HUMANITIES AND COMMERCE

www.royalsoced.org.uk

The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland’s National Academy, is Scottish Charity No. SC000470