Indigenous Peoples Plan PHI: Integrated Natural Resources And

Indigenous Peoples Plan

Project Number: 41220-013 October 2018

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Community Management Plan for Barangay Calamagan, Buguias, Benguet Province

Prepared by Barangay Calamagan, Buguias, Benguet for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines and for the Asian Development Bank CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 Oct 2018) Currency unit = philippine ₱ 1.00 = peso $0.01869 $1.00 = ₱53.4960

NOTE

In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars.

This community management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

ii COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT PLAN BARANGAY CALAMAGAN, BUGUIAS, BENGUET

INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROJECT (INREMP)

3 ABBREVIATION AO Administrative Order ADB Asian Development Bank ADSDPP Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan ANR Assisted Natural Regeneration BADAC Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Council BADANG- Buguias Ancestral Domain Alternative Native Governance BAPTC Benguet Agri-Pinoy Trading Center BCPC Barangay Council for the Protection of Children BDC Barangay Development Council BDF Barangay Development Fund BDRRMC Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council BENECO Benguet Electric Cooperative BESWMC Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Council BHERT Barangay Health Emergency Response Team BHRAC Barangay Human Rights Action Center BHW- Barangay Health Worker BLGU Barangay Local Government Unit BNS Barangay Nutrition Council BOD Board of Directors BPFSDC Barangay Physical Fitness & Sports Development Council BPOC Barangay Peace and Order Council CADC Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim CAR Cordillera Administrative Region CMP Community Management Plan CF Conservation Farming DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways FPIC Free Prior Informed Consent GAP Good Agricultural Practices GO Government Organizations ICC Indigenous Cultural Communities INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project IP Indigenous People IPDF Indigenous Peoples Development Framework IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPM Integrated Pest Management IPMR Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representative IPRA Indigenous Peoples Rights Act IPO Indigenous Peoples Organization MDF Municipal Development Fund NGO Non-Government Organization NVAT Nueva Viscaya Agricultural Trading PO Peoples Organization RA Republic Act SALT Sloping Agricultural Land Technology SK Sangguniang Kabataan SECAL Sector Adjustment Loan WFP Work and Financial Plan

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ...... 7 II. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ...... 7 1. Philippine Constitution of 1987 ...... 7 2. Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 (RA 8371) ...... 8 3. NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 ...... 8 4. DENR-NCIP Memorandum of Agreement and Implementing Guidelines ...... 8 5. Basic Principles of ADB Safeguard Policy, 2009 ...... 9 III. BACKGROUND AND INFORMATION OF THE ANCESTRAL DOMAIN ...... 11 A. Historical Background ...... 11 1. Origin of settlers ...... 11 2. Cultural Practices ...... 11 3. Land Tenure ...... 12 IV. BACKGROUND AND INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT AREA ...... 12 A. Creation of Barangay Calamagan ...... 12 B. Description of the Community ...... 13 C. Physical Features ...... 13 D. Demography ...... 14 E. Socio-Economic Profile ...... 15 F. Some Development Projects Implemented in the Barangay (2013-2018) ...... 17 V. OVERALL GOVERNANCE OF THE ANCESTRAL DOMAIN ...... 19 A. Development Framework ...... 19 1. Vision ...... 19 2. Goals ...... 19 3. Objectives ...... 19 B. IP/Community political structure ...... 20 VI. ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF THE AREA ...... 21 A. The forest in the domain ...... 21 B. Indigenous Forest Management Practices...... 21 C. Other Forest Management Practices ...... 22 D. The present condition of the forest ...... 23 VII. IIDENTIFICATION OF LAND USE AND ZONING DETERMINATION ...... 23 A. Pine Forest ...... 23 B. The Mossy Forest ...... 23 C. Agricultural areas ...... 23 D. Settlement areas ...... 24

VIII. MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS FOR VARIOUS ZONES AND LAND USES ...... 24 A. Policy and Restrictions on Development Projects ...... 24 B. General Governing Policy/Rituals ...... 24 1. Policy on forest protection and rehabilitation ...... 24 2. Policy on settlement areas ...... 25 3. Policy on resource use, harvesting and hunting ...... 25 4. Policy on agricultural and agroforestry activities ...... 25 C. Policy on non-IP within Ancestral Domain ...... 25 D. Policy on Involvement of IP Members to Development Projects ...... 26 IX. CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND LOCAL GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 26 X. PARTNERS PEOPLES’ ORGANIZATION ...... 27 A. PO Profile ...... 27 1. Background...... 27 2. Vision, Mission, General principles and Objectives ...... 27 B. Capacity Building Needs of Each Members ...... 28 C. Financial Management System ...... 29 D. Benefit Sharing Scheme Identified ...... 29 XI. TARGETS AND ACTIVITIES ...... 30 A. Natural resource management ...... 30 B. Infrastructure ...... 30 C. Livelihood Enhancement Support (LES)...... 30 XII. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 32

6 I. INTRODUCTION

Development is the rational use of natural and manpower resources for the satisfaction of the needs of the population. It is also the sustained capacity to achieve a better life for all. It may also mean restructuring of existing economic, political, social and cultural structures that impede the progressive elimination of poverty, ignorance and inequalities.

The Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (INREMP), taken in this context is very much corresponding to these ideals. The project aims to improve the condition of watersheds while at the same time reducing and reversing the degradation caused by forest denudation and unsustainable farming practices. It promotes the development of practices aligned with sustainable resource management. A challenge to the upland community experience of conflicts stemmed from the need to increase income to support expanding population amid a relatively fragile upland environment. The indigenous peoples who are the farmers, being the beneficiaries of these development and who long time ago practice the concept of stewardship in land ownership will revive and enrich the old practice of managing the natural resources in the time when these cultural practice is slowly disintegrating due to shift in the economy.

This Community Management Plan is a product of the concerted effort of all stakeholders particularly the IPs of barangay Calamagan in the municipality of Buguias in the province of Benguet. This plan embodied the vision and the strategies of the ancestral domain of the Kankana-ey of Buguias. A participatory approach was adopted in the conduct of community planning. The INREMP staff consulted and gathered primary data from key persons and institutions in the community. Available secondary data was collected from partner agencies. The socio-economic profile and the development plans were presented and validated by the community during an assembly meeting wherein multi-sectoral participation was ensured. This is necessary to arrive at a consensus.

With commitment to community development, we hope this document be a guide and reference to all those who has interest in any plans of intervention affecting the development of the community guided by the principle of change as non-evitable. It is with no doubt there will be revisions in the future. We earnestly believe these will be based on deeper analysis of experiences and situation as new data unfolds. These and effective management of the natural resources can we only say there is community development.

II. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Relevant Legal and Institutional Framework Applicable to the Indigenous Peoples

1. Philippine Constitution of 1987 Under Constitution of the Philippines a number of Articles have been included for the protection of the indigenous cultural communities in particular. These are: a. Article II of Section 22 recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development. b. Article XII of Section 5 empowers the State, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being.

c. Article XIII of Section 6 confers the State shall apply the principles of agrarian reform or stewardship, whenever applicable in accordance with law, in the disposition or utilization of other natural resources, including lands of the public domain under lease or concession suitable to agriculture, subject to prior rights, homestead rights of small settlers, and the rights of indigenous communities to their ancestral lands. d. Article XIV of Section 2(4) encourages non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs. e. Article XIV of Section 17 stipulates that the State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. It shall consider these rights in the formulation of national plans and policies. f. Article XVI of Section 12 empowers the Congress to create a consultative body to advise the President on policies affecting indigenous cultural communities, the majority of the members of which shall come from such communities.

2. Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 (RA 8371) The Indigenous Peoples (IP) in the Philippines remain as the most marginalized sector of society. This status continues despite the tremendous inroads achieved by communities, partners and advocates through years of struggle. In 1997, as result vigilance and the sustained advocacy of the IP sector and its partners, the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) was enacted. This provided venues and legal backbone for the recognition of the Traditional Rights of communities over their ancestral domain. The IPRA provides for the recognition of the traditional rights of Indigenous Peoples over their ancestral domains through the issuance of Certificates of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADT). It recognizes the rights of ICC’s to define their development priorities through their own Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) and exercise management and utilize the natural resources within their traditional territories.

3. NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 The NCIP AO 3 underscores the policy of the state that no concession, license, permit or lease or undertaking affecting ancestral domains will be granted or renewed without going through the free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) process, which is needed in the issuance of a Certification Precondition by the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP).

4. DENR-NCIP Memorandum of Agreement and Implementing Guidelines The DENR and NCIP entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for the implementation of INREMP to ensure that provisions of the NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 or the Revised Guidelines on Free and Prior Informed Consent and Related Processes of 2012, are fully considered and complied. Meanwhile, the Implementing Guidelines on the Memorandum of Agreement between DENR and NCIP for the Implementation of the INREMP in Municipalities with Indigenous People’s Communities,” was promulgated with the following objectives: a. Establish a common understanding and framework for the operationalization of the Memorandum of Agreement between DENR and

NCIP for the implementation of the INREMP in areas with indigenous people’s communities; b. Set the requirements and procedures in ensuring compliance to NCIP Administrative Order No. 3, Series of 2012 or the Revised Guidelines on Free and Prior Informed Consent and Related Processes of 2012; c. Provide and ensure compliance with the procedure and the standards in the conduct of the required validation process; and d. Protect the rights of the ICCs/ IPs in the introduction and implementation of plans, programs, projects, activities and other undertakings that will affect them and their ancestral domains to ensure their economic, social and cultural well-being.

5. Basic Principles of ADB Safeguard Policy, 2009 ADB Policy on Safeguards requirement for Indigenous peoples recognizes the right of Indigenous People to direct the course of their own development. Indigenous people are defined in different countries in various ways. For operational purpose, the term Indigenous people is used to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group with following characteristics: a. Self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this community by others; b. Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in the habitats; c. Customary, cultural, economic, social or political institutions that are separate from those of dominant society and culture; and d. A distinct language, often different from the official language of the country or region.

According to ADB policy Indigenous people’s safeguards are triggered if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems or culture of Indigenous people or affects the territories, natural or cultural resources that Indigenous people own, use, occupy or claim as their ancestral property. The SPS sets out the following principles for IP safeguards in all projects in which ADB is involved: a. Screen early on to determine (i) whether Indigenous Peoples are present in, or have collective attachment to, the project area; and (ii) whether project impacts on Indigenous Peoples are likely. b. Undertake a culturally appropriate and gender-sensitive social impact assessment or use similar methods to assess potential project impacts, both positive and adverse, on Indigenous Peoples. Give full consideration to options the affected Indigenous Peoples prefer in relation to the provision of project benefits and the design of mitigation measures. Identify social and economic benefits for affected Indigenous Peoples that are culturally appropriate and gender and inter-generationally inclusive and develop measures to avoid, minimize, and/or mitigate adverse impacts on Indigenous Peoples. c. Undertake meaningful consultations with affected Indigenous Peoples communities and concerned Indigenous Peoples organizations to solicit their participation (i) in designing, implementing, and monitoring measures to avoid adverse impacts or, when avoidance is not possible, to minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects; and (ii) in tailoring project benefits for affected Indigenous Peoples communities in a culturally appropriate manner. To

enhance Indigenous Peoples’ active participation, projects affecting them will provide for culturally appropriate and gender inclusive capacity development. Establish a culturally appropriate and gender inclusive grievance mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of the Indigenous Peoples’ concerns. d. Ascertain the consent of affected Indigenous Peoples communities to the following project activities: (i) commercial development of the cultural resources and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples; (ii) physical displacement from traditional or customary lands; and (iii) commercial development of natural resources within customary lands under use that would impact the livelihoods or the cultural, ceremonial, or spiritual uses that define the identity and community of Indigenous Peoples. For the purposes of policy application, the consent of affected Indigenous Peoples communities refers to a collective expression by the affected Indigenous Peoples communities, through individuals and/or their recognized representatives, of broad community support for such project activities. Broad community support may exist even if some individuals or groups object to the project activities. e. Avoid, to the maximum extent possible, any restricted access to and physical displacement from protected areas and natural resources. Where avoidance is not possible, ensure that the affected Indigenous Peoples communities participate in the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of management arrangements for such areas and natural resources and that their benefits are equitably shared. f. Prepare an Indigenous Peoples plan (IPP) that is based on the social impact assessment with the assistance of qualified and experienced experts and that draw on indigenous knowledge and participation by the affected Indigenous Peoples communities. The IPP includes a framework for continued consultation with the affected Indigenous Peoples communities during project implementation; specifies measures to ensure that Indigenous Peoples receive culturally appropriate benefits; identifies measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for any adverse project impacts; and includes culturally appropriate grievance procedures, monitoring and evaluation arrangements, and a budget and time-bound actions for implementing the planned measures. g. Disclose a draft IPP, including documentation of the consultation process and the results of the social impact assessment in a timely manner, before project appraisal, in an accessible place and in a form and language(s) understandable to affected Indigenous Peoples communities and other stakeholders. The final IPP and its updates will also be disclosed to the affected Indigenous Peoples communities and other stakeholders. h. Prepare an action plan for legal recognition of customary rights to lands and territories or ancestral domains when the project involves (i) activities that are contingent on establishing legally recognized rights to lands and territories that Indigenous Peoples have traditionally owned or customarily used or occupied, or (ii) involuntary acquisition of such lands. i. Monitor implementation of the IPP using qualified and experienced experts; adopt a participatory monitoring approach, wherever possible; and assess whether the IPP’s objective and desired outcome have been achieved, taking into account the baseline conditions and the results of IPP monitoring. Disclose monitoring reports.

The Borrower is required to prepare an Indigenous People’s Plan to protect, and ensure benefits for, indigenous Peoples affected by the Project.

Specific to INREM, the Indigenous People’s Development Framework (IPDF) “ensures that INREMP subprojects are designed and implemented in a way that fosters full respect for IP identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems and cultural uniqueness as defined by the IPs themselves to enable them to (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of the project, and (iii) can participate actively in the project. For this purpose, an IP Plan (IPP) will be prepared in participating areas and an Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) will be enhanced or formulated in areas covered by ancestral domain claims.”

III. BACKGROUND AND INFORMATION OF THE ANCESTRAL DOMAIN

A. Historical Background

1. Origin of settlers Oral traditions stated that the first settlers of Buguias were descendants of Talgen who lived in Ambanglo, east of Bot-oan, in the 13th century. Talgen had Eight (8) sons who all left in search for a greener pasture. Odan, the eldest, went to Hapaw (now in Kiangan, Ifugao). The second son, Baglaw, a hunter and trader roamed around the place and finally settled in Mangkew at the southern part of Buguias. Mantac, the third son travelled all the way to Lubon (Now in Tadian, Mt. Province). Kitongan, the fourth son went to Tad-ew and farmed at the mountain now known as Mt. Kitongan, above the Loo Valley. The firth son, Malawmaw, settled at Sanil (Tococan). The trader Belka, sixth in the line, migrated to Bauko, (now Mt. Province), while Padyog, the seventh brother settled in Embusey (now Lut-ak). Capsola, the youngest, went to Benalian (Now in Nueva Vizcaya).

Baglaw, Kitongan, Malawmaw and their descendants, were thus the earliest known ancestors of the natives in the area. In the later part of the century, some of them gathered and settled at Patogong and Baugan at the Northern part of Buguias, where they raised vegetables and domesticated animals. They worshipped Kabunyan as God and creator, and performed “sida” (or cañao), “caon” (wedding), “pedit/pudan” and other festive rituals to invoke his blessings and graces.

2. Cultural Practices The earlier settlers lived with cultural beliefs and practices carved by their experiences along their way for survival and existence. Community cooperation was very strong for the accomplishment of community works. Rituals are performed for thanksgiving and to appease their ancestors’ spirits to bring them good fortune, blessing and abundance. These practices are being passed from generation to generation. These days, some of the rituals are still being practiced while most are modified due to the influence of the modern day living and the teachings of Christianity. Stated below are some of rituals still practiced these days.

a. Sida – a major ritual performed by every couple recognizing the kankanaey culture either for celebration or sacrificial offering (lado). It comes in many forms. b. Kaon – a ritual performed before the wedding proper of couples to seal and formalize relation of relatives between groom and bride. It may serve also as

venue for any arrangement and agreements for the bride & groom on how to live on. c. Teteg – the first ritual by newlywed couples as a new family. It is to further seal their being married thus asking good fortunes, blessings, guidance, and abundance from Kabunian and the departed ancestors. d. Pasang – a ritual performed in relation to marital problems like violence against women, miscarriage and abortion e. Ub-ubbo- labor exchange in line with the concept of help. To work for someone in need without pay but to be reciprocated upon when the other needs help. This is commonly practiced in farm work and house building. f. Dang-as – the practice of group working without pay but with free meals. This is usually done for community work like road clearing, wedding preparation, death and wake observance. g. Legleg – the ritual of imploring the caretakers of nature for the abundance of water when tapping a water source. h. Denet – an agricultural ritual performed to offer animal sacrifice to the land and environment including unseen beings taking care of the land for the abundance and blessings of the earth (farm). i. Pakde – a community ritual performed and contributed by the community to ask peace and order, usually in times of continuous death in the community, accidents, epidemic, disaster that struck. It is also done when there is widespread plant disease or animal sickness. j. Tongtong – the traditional justice system of the Kankanaeys. A council of elders resolve the conflicts/problems and issues.

3. Land Tenure In recognition of the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) sought for rights over their ancestral land and domains, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) tenured the whole Municipality of Buguias through the issuance of Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) No. CAR CADC-072 issued on December 24, 1996.

IV. BACKGROUND AND INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT AREA

A. Creation of Barangay Calamagan

Calamagan derived its name from the local word “kalamag ka”’ which means walk up or climb to the other side. Calamagan was carved from Bangao and became a separate barangay through Presidential Decree 557 ratified by the community people on September 21, 1974 with Magno B. Pablo as its first Punong Barangay.

Political leaders that served as Punong Barangay Political leaders Years No. of served terms Magno B. Pablo 1973-2005 6 Tino Batonan 2005-2007 1 Arthur S. Pablo 2007-2010 1 Leticio Daguyam 2010 – 3 Present

Source: Barangay Profile

B. Description of the Community

1. Location and Accessibility Calamagan is situated in the Northern part of the Municipality of Buguias. It is bounded on the North to West by Barangay Bangao, on the East by Mt. Province and Ifugao Province and on the South by Barangay Loo. The place could be reached by light vehicles through the more or less 4 kilometer access road/Barangay Road intersected from the Baguio-Bontoc road or popularly known as the Halsema Highway at sitio Cotcot, Barangay Bangao. Other access are the foot trails interconnecting the sitios and adjacent barangays.

2. Nature and Characteristics The area has the two types of forest; the first is the mossy forest and the other is the Pine forest. Benguet pines dominate the elevation from 1700 meters above sea level (masl) up to 1900 masl, while above 1900 masl is the mossy species and other foliage. These are the foundation of the ecologic balance in the locality. C. Physical Features

1. Geographical features

a. Land Area and Coverage Calamagan is the smallest Barangay in the municipality of Buguias in terms of land area, population and resources. It is composed of six (6) sitios namely; Bannaken, Alam-am, Macogcog, Guesang, Walengweng and Proper Calamagan. It has a total land area of Nine Hundred Twenty One (921) hectares.

About 76% of the land is developed and devoted for vegetable production. Other land uses such forests land, residential and institutions comprises the remaining 26%.

Land Use and Distribution Land use Area % (Has) Agricultural land 700 76 Residential 11 1.2 Forest 206 22.37 Institutional 4 0.43 TOTAL 921 100 Source: Barangay Profile

b. Topography and Slope Calamagan is an upland community with typically rugged and hilly topography. It is characterized by a rolling terrain, rough mountainous and extremely rough mountains. It is also characterized by steep slopes and narrow gorges with irregularly patterned relief of ridges and peaks.

Topography characteristics Classification slopes

Rolling terrain 8-18% Rough to mountainous 30-50% Extremely mountainous 51% and above Source: Barangay Profile c. Elevation The highest elevation is 2,515 meters above sea level recorded at sitio Gaang Bala, while the lowest elevation is 1,700 meters above sea level read at the Barangay hall, sitio Alam-am.

2. Climate Under the Coronas System of climatic classification, the area (municipality) is covered by climatic type 1 which has a two distinct seasons; dry from December to April and wet from May to November. However, precipitation still occurs during the month of March and April. Typhoon usually occurs during the month of July to November.

Generally, the weather is refreshingly cool. The coldest period occurs in the months of December to February with an average temperature of 15°C while the hottest period are mostly felt on the months of April to May with an average temperature of 20°C. Most often during the cold months, temperature may even go lower and dews turns to frost. During wet season, fog development usually takes place in the morning and in the afternoon until evening.

D. Demography

1. Ethnic Composition Calamagan is home of the Kankana-ey ethic group. They are part of the collective group of Indigenous Peoples from Northern Philippines known as Igorots. Because of inter-marriages and migration for work, some individuals from other tribes and groups resided in the community. These includes Kalanguya, Ibaloi, Tuwali, tagalog, visaya and Ilokano.

2. Population profile

a. Total Population. Barangay Calamagan has a total population of Eight Hundred Five (825) individuals comprise of 197 families settled in a 197 Households.

Population profile Total no. Total Total no. of Total no. labor force of no. of Individual Househol familie Mal Female Mal Femal d s e e e 197 197 454 37 174 216 1 Source: 2018 Barangay Profile Form (KALAHI) and Oct. 16, 2018 community consultation

3. Labor force and Employment The labor force come from the age bracket of 18-65 years old. Based on profile record of the KALAHI, there are 174 male and 216 female with a total of 390 labor force. Majority are engaged in farming, followed by business and trading and practice of profession.

E. Socio-Economic Profile

a. AGRICULTURE

• Traditional Farming Practices The community practices the traditional “kaingin” system of farming. An area is cleared through slashing and burning. On rolling terrains, terracing and stone-walling are employed to conserve the soil. In the earlier days, these kaingins are intended for planting sweet potato, gabi, legumes and other indigenous crops and terraced portions are for planting upland rice. Today, these areas are devoted for vegetable production. With the great demand for vegetables, kaingin making are being expanded that brings the forest into its vulnerable state.

The cool climatic condition makes it favorable for the production of highland or temperate vegetables. Production is a year round activity with three cropping cycle on areas with irrigation while two cropping on rain-fed areas. Vegetables grown are cabbage, chinese cabbage, lettuce, potatoes, celery, tomatoes, radish, carrots, garden peas, beans, pechay, spring union, parsley, sayote, pepper, broccoli and cauliflower. These vegetables are voluminously produced for commercial purposes traded to Bagiuo City Market, La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post, and at the Benguet Agri-Pinoy Trading Center (BAPTC) in La Trinidad, Benguet. Other farmers also deliver their produce to Nueva Viscaya Agricultural Trading (NVAT).

Other crops such as sweet potatoes, gabi, and kabatiti are being planted as side-crops or alternate crops for household consumption and for sale of excess. Fruit trees found in backyards includes coffee, bananas, citrus, lokwat, pears, indian mango and dolce. Some households are trying to raise other fruits such as the grapes.

Most farmers are dependent on the use of synthetic fertilizers. This is mainly due to the decreasing soil fertility and their lack of knowledge on composting and organic fertilizer preparation. Likewise, they depend on the use of pesticides, insecticide and fungicide for pest and diseases control, and herbicides for weeds eradication.

Both men and women work in the vegetable farm. Most work are done manually with garden tools like grab hoe, speed hoe, knives, shovels, basket, knapsack sprayers and other handy garden tools. Farms with sources of irrigation are conveyed through rubber hoses and watering the plants are overhead sprinkling. Some abled farmers uses mechanized tractors and sprayers. The table below shows the gender disaggregation in farm activities.

Gender disaggregation in farm activities Activities Farming practices Actors Land Clearing/weeding Men & women preparation Digging/plant bed Men & women preparations Production Basal fertilization Men & women

(Chicken dung application) Planting/transplanting Men & women Watering Men & women but most are men Spraying It is a majority work for men. In the absence of men, women needs to spray especially on scheduled day. Hilling-up/ upside dressing Men & women Harvesting Cutting/gathering Men & women Hauling Men but abled women also help Marketing Delivering market Men and women Source: Focus Group Discussion b. Forestry and Watershed. The area is a critical watershed. It is among the headwaters of two major river systems in the Cordillera. The northern tributaries drains to the Chico River while southern tributaries drains towards the Agno River. These rivers supports major domestic water systems, irrigation systems and hydro-electric power plants.

The community is fortunate of the mossy and pine forest gusting out fresh water for domestic and irrigation use. The endemic trees provides housing materials and other wood needs, and other plants are sources of food and utilized for its medicinal values. Much of the forest has been converted to large scale farming yet the need for every farmer to widen his planting area has affected the ecological balance and is detrimental to the economy. Conclusive evidences are the diminishing water supply. No foliage to contain run-off water resulting to erosion and heavy siltation of rivers. Illegal cutting of trees and selling outside the locality would create insufficiency of housing materials and making it expensive for the people of the barangay.

Waste disposal is also a concern need to be immediately managed especially that there is contamination on some water sources.

In an attempt of restoring the diminishing forest cover, some reforestation projects are implemented in the Barangay. These includes the reforestation component of the Sector Adjustment Loan (SECAL) which improved the vegetation of the community claimed communal forest. The barangay is also a target of the National Greening Program (NGP) and the Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (INREMP) currently being implemented. These reforestation programs are national efforts to address food security, poverty reduction, environmental stability, biodiversity conservation and a mechanism for climate change mitigation strategy that seeks to enhance the country’s forest stock to absorb carbon dioxide. c. Education.

One Day Care Center and One Elementary School provide the basic primary education to the community children. Public and private Secondary Schools are found in adjacent and nearby barangays where they can pursue secondary education. One college institution is located at Barangay Loo while most of the higher educational institutions are established in La Trinidad, Benguet and in Baguio City.

d. Health and Sanitation facilities The Barangay/community has one Barangay Health Station located at sitio Alam-am (Bolinaka). It was established through the community and the Women’s Organization initiatives. The health station is manned by the Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) and Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS). There is no assigned Barangay Midwife, thus covered by the midwife assigned at Barangay Bangao.

Majority of the household have covered pit toilets and water sealed toilets bowls. There are no garbage collectors and sanitary landfills thus residents do the open dumping and burning of garbage.

e. Housing and Ownership The recorded 197 households are living in their own homes. Housing structures are concrete and galvanized. There are few indigenous house but just for extensions.

f. Community Infrastructures • Road. Roads traversed the community are categorized into Dirt, Gravel and cemented. This roads needs rehabilitation especially the dirt road sections.

Type of road % Dirt road 10 Graveled Road 30 Cemented 60 TOTAL 100 Source: KALAHI profile form

g. Electricity Electric power is supplied by the Benguet Electric Cooperative (BENECO). While most of the sitio are energized, residents of Lasonan are still waiting power line extensions.

h. Transportation Fx vehicles are the common transport for commuters from the community to the Municipal Government and business centers located at Abatan, Buguias, Benguet. Elf trucks are used to ferry vegetable from the community to the big markets in Baguio City and La Trinidad, Benguet. Others have motor cycles mostly used by the youths.

F. Some Development Projects Implemented in the Barangay (2013-2018)

Name of Amount Year Source Project Implemented of fund Pavement of 200,000.00 2013-2014 Mun. Maslong Dev’t. Calamagan Fund road (MDF) Concrete 29,443.20 Barangay pathway at Dev’t. Macogcog Fund (BDF) Clearing along 29,443.20 BDF Cotcot Macascasa Road Concrete along 58,886.40 BDF Macogcog Extension Rehabilitation 28,000.00 BDF of Maslong Foot bridge phase 1 Rehabilitation 100,000.00 Calamity of Balangbang Fund (CF) and Talinaayok foot bridges Repraping of 39,000.00 BDF Bolinaka Flood Control Roofing of 39,000.00 BDF Calamagan Primary school Rehabilitation 39,000.00 BDF of Bolinaka Multipurpose hall phase 1 Rehabilitation 39,000.00 BDF of Bolinaka Multipurpose hall phase 11 Rehabilitation 58,886.40 BDF of Maslong Foot bridge phase 2 Concrete 50,000.00 BDF pathway of Maslong to Mangkingi Improvement 2015 Provincial of Macogcog Dev’t. FMR Fund (PDF) Improvement 2013-2014 PDF of Proper Calamagan FMR

Construction of 2018 DWH Alam-am Bolinaka Belley Bridge Ripraping of 2018 DPWH Bolinaka Road Construction of 2015-2016 KALAHI Calamagan School Building Improvement 2017 KALAHI of Banaken FMR Improvement 2018 KALAHI of Kaman Beey FMR Improvement 2018 KALAHI of Alam-am FMR Construction of 2014-2016 DepEd School Building (Calamagan) Source: Barangay record and focus group discussion

V. Overall Governance of the Ancestral Domain

A. Development Framework 1. Vision “We envision a secured and ecologically balanced Ancestral Domain manage by empowered, pro-people, self-reliant and globally competitive Indigenous Peoples towards Sustainable Development”.

2. Goals Preserve and promote appropriate Indigenous Knowledge Systems & practices in managing our resources and adopt appropriate technologies for the holistic development of our Ancestral Domain.

3. Objectives

a. Develop and enhance the remaining watershed through agro-forestry, assisted natural regeneration and reforestation for sufficient water supply and biodiversity conservation.

b. Adopt sustainable agriculture through application of organic farming and good agricultural practices. c. Reduce poverty through linkage with government agencies, non-government organization and other institutions for marketing system and other viable livelihood opportunities.

d. Better transport network through improvement of farm to market roads, foot trails, footbridges and other farm to market access. e. Promote cleanliness, better health security and peace & order in the community.

f. Legitimate integration and reverence of the sustainable indigenous forest management systems and practices in the formal governance

B. IP/Community political structure

Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, political leadership among the Indigenous People of Buguias was bestowed in the hands of elders and wealthy locally termed as “Amam-a ya Babaknang”. There was then no formal political structure. The elders and “babaknang” have earned the respect and trust of the community through their good deeds and fair decision- making. Conflicts in the community were decided and resolved by the elders with the involvement of family heads.

Today, the community is governed by the Barangay Local Government Unit (BLGU) which is the Sanguniang Barangay. It is headed by the Punong Barangay with seven (7) Barangay Kagawads or Barangay Councilmen and 1 Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representative (IPMR). The Chairman of the Sanguniang Kabataan (SK Chairman) is also a member of the Sanguniang Barangay. The Barangay officials are selected through a local election while the IPMR is selected and endorsed by the community elders. These officials shall serve with a term limit of three years. Barangay Secretary and Barangay Treasurer are appointive of the Punong Barangay subjected to regulations under the Philippine Local Government Code.

The Barangay Officials are aided by the organized Barangay Peace Action Team keeping peace and order in the community. Conflict resolutions are conciliated and arbitrated by the community elders through the organized Lupong Tagapamayapa. The Lupong Tagapamayapa is headed by the Punong Barangay with his appointed members of not less than 10 and not more than 20 depending on the population of the community.

There are also Barangay affairs that are managed by the different Barangay Based Institutions created with legal bases under Philippine Laws; The Barangay Development Council (BDC), Barangay Peace Action Team, Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Committee (BDRRMC), Barangay Peace and Order Committee (BPOC), Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC), Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Council (BADAC), Barangay Ecological Solid Waste Management Committee (BESWMC), Barangay Physical Fitness & Sports Development Council (BPFSDC), Barangay Nutrition Council (BNC), Barangay Human Rights Action Center (BHRAC) and the Barangay Health Emergency Response Team (BHERT). Membership composition of these different Barangay Based Institutions are distributed in a manner that all sectors of the society such as elders, women, youth and others are represented.

Present Barangay Council Members of Calamagan (2018)

Position Name Punong Barangay Leticio A. Daguyam

Barangay Kagawad Rossana C. Valdez Adela P. Campana Rudy C. Lumbag George C. Sab-it Nazaro C. Dap- ing Benjamin W. Og- oget Julius Cayamdas Sr, Indigenous Peoples Mandatory Representative Tamy Y. Sacla (IPMR) Sanguniang Kabataan Chairperson Aldrix S. Bolinto Barangay Secretary Vicente C. Poclet Barangay Treasurer Evilyn Sacla Source: Barangay Profile

VI. Environmental status of the Area

A. The forest in the domain The forest used to cover the area (ancestral domain) providing an extra rich fauna and flora. The floral species includes Benguet pine, palayen (oak), tibanglan (giant stemmed fern), annatil, gipas, losong, igem, palasingsingen, lalagem, apisang, beltek, amoweg, lupopon, tabangawen, lam-ayan, oyok, bubuta, pedped, talanak, balete, papat-ek, bagtinen, sepal, labso, atelba, apiit alnus, among others. Other introduced species of trees and fruit trees near dwelling sites includes pears, mulberry, citrus species and others. The dominant grass species are kawayan, katlubong and bolo (all bamboo varieties), pal-ot, gaon, balili, dengao and gadang. The varieties of trees and grasses all contributed to the forest covers, together with many others, including orchids and other undergrowth plants.

The forest is also enriched by many fauna varieties. There are resident birds such as solac, tiko, santi, tala, acop, olis (parakeet), martines (magpie), pitpit, gongay (pygmy wood picker), bil-it, cosili, banog, pipingew (sparrow), bido, kiskisyang, siok/siet, baog, sikket, and litolito, kibkibalot (vats), labaan, serent eagle and others. Migratory birds such as aladas, pukaw, babakew, tiway, aladog (blue rack thrush), killing, (ruby throated humming bird), lagadan (golden ground thrush), baog (nutmeg imperial pegion), balisoso (river king fisher), visit around September to October. The animal wildlife includes bowet (indigenous cloud rat, probably extinct), amkis, tabaw (wild rat), motit, frogs, snake, lizards and others. Wild pigs and deer are now rarely seen in the area.

B. Indigenous Forest Management Practices. The indigenous forest management and practices which evolved among the indigenous People, especially in the earlier days were governed by sacred laws of prohibition and reverent fear of the spirits (Paniyew and inayan). These are associated with their animist belief that the forest is the home of the spirits either benevolent or malevolent. They dwell on caves, springs, and century old trees and roam freely in the forest. The indigenous people believe that these spirits control the forest and its resources. They should not be hurt or disturbed, lest consequences might be sickness or anything evil would befall on the reprobate.

The system of forest management that has evolved out from their animistic beliefs was passed on to the succeeding generations to be observed in the way they should utilize the forest and its resources.

• The forest as a hunting ground. The concept of sacred prohibition (paniyew) forbids the hunters from slaying the young and the pregnant especially the deer and wild pigs. Birds also are the favorite prey of settlers. Others being hunted are the honey and aquatic life like fish and shells form the rivers and springs. • The forest as a source of fuel. The indigenous people use the pine tree as the main firewood for cooking. The saleng or the seasoned pine tree with highly ignitable resin serves as torch for general purposes including nocturnal activities such as hunting, fishing, social functions and domestic illumination. Even if abundant, the trees are cut selectively. They do not cut the young ones. They collect the dried or cut only the branches for firewood and fencing materials. They reserve the big ones for big occasions like wedding and festivities. Besides, the settlers would gather trees previously destroyed by typhoons before cutting another. • The forest as a source of timber and building materials. In the earlier days, the indigenous settlers used the kallasan (hard wood) for building materials because they are smaller and sturdy. The tingbalan or giant ferns were used as post, the cogon and rono leaves for roofing and the vines were used to tie the woods together. These construction materials are abundant in the forest. Being dependent from forest for shelter materials, the indigenous people decry as taboo to set fire in the forest. • The forest as source of edible fruits and medicinal plants. The early settlers have found many edible plants and fruits such as wild camote, different berries and fruits. There are also shrubs and other plants cooked as aromatic tea and mushrooms for viand. Other plants are utilized as medicines. Knowing the values of these plants and trees, the people preserve these in the forest. • The forest as foraging and grazing area. The settlers utilized the forest as their foraging and grazing area for their cows and carabaos. These animals are left loose in the forest. To contain them in a certain area, the settlers make fence and dig a kulog in the perimeter of the area. The kulog is a deep excavation and earth wall about five feet that will prevent the animals from going to the other side of the mountain. It will also serve as diversion canal during rainy season and as firebreak during dry season. • The forest as a Swidden farm. The first agriculture system practiced by the early settlers was the slash and burn farming. The Swidden farm is planted with camote, peanuts, millet, corn and other legumes. Bananas, coffee, avocado, citrus and other fruit trees are also planted in gullies and other areas in the Swidden farm.

During the burning of the Swidden, the fire is set usually early in the morning or late in the afternoon to prevent the fast spread of fire. In areas where forest fire is very prone, other male members of the community will help in safeguarding or preventing the wild spread of fire.

C. Other Forest Management Practices

• Fire parapets – these are fortifications done to impede the spread of fire by clearing areas of combustible materials, building walls made of boulders, and clearing of the constructed walls.

• Kabeti or nilsang– applied to gullies by the use of stones or soil sods in riprap manner to contain erosions. Created flat surface can be planted with deep rooting plants intended to vegetate the eroded area. • Kulog – deep canal used to divert and contain surface run-off. The kulog may serve also as animal pathway and its wall keep animals at bay.

D. The present condition of the forest

The forest now is seriously depreciated. The residents seem to have forgotten the time immemorial value of forest conservation and preservation. The concept of paniyew is now degraded as mere superstation. No applicable laws from the indigenous people are ever passed until the forest is at its desperate state. Worst, the residents show no remorse in the destruction of the forest. Foremost, population growth has brought about forest denudation. Before the introduction of the LPG, firewood is cut down from the forest for cooking. Illegal loggers had sawn great quantities of pine trees for lumbers in building houses. As the population is growing, so is the demand for pine lumbers for building materials.

Fires have also contributed to the destruction of the forest. Especially in a long dry spell, perennial fires that were started either by accident or by unscrupulous person have burned forest cover. With the burning, tree saplings are destroyed and no new trees have grown to replace those that were cut. Even reforestation areas were not spared from fire.

Commercial farming, however, is the principal cause of forest degradation. Farmers encroached the forest and converted these agricultural land where vegetable are fast replacing the forest trees.

While the residents must farm for their needs, there is an urgent need for them to appreciate and realize that the reforestation, conservation, enhancement and protection of the remaining forest is a paramount necessary.

VII. Identification of Land Use and Zoning Determination

A. Pine Forest The existing pine forest is the secondary growth regenerated after the logging concession left the area some decades ago. Remaining pine forest are found mostly in steep slopes. The community declared about one-half (1/2) hectare as communal forest. The communal forest is the source of fuel and coffin for dead community member especially those families that has no privately claimed pine stand. Other Benguet pine stands are privately claimed by some families. It is the source of building materials where other community members may buy or negotiate for free.

B. The Mossy Forest The mossy forests are the top watershed and wildlife habitat. It is located on distant mountains on the higher elevation. Barangay Bangao as the mother Barangay of Calamagan shares a larger part of these forest. However, the protection and maintenance is also a shared responsibility between the people of these two barangays because they themselves are the beneficiaries of the mossy forest.

C. Agricultural areas

The agricultural lands are the flat to rolling terrains carved into terraces. Stated in the Barangay profile, it consist an area of about 700 hectares devoted to intensive vegetable production.

D. Settlement areas In this community, there is no defined zone for settlement areas. Individual families build their houses within their claims and near or within their farms. It is mainly for convenience reason in farming activities and it is their property to build their home. At present, as the population is growing, the pattern shows that they are moving towards the road networks. Land along the roads are being sold at reasonable prices especially for residential purposes.

VIII. Management Prescriptions for Various Zones and Land Uses

A. Policy and Restrictions on Development Projects

In pursuit of the IPOs vision and mission of managing and protecting the Ancestral Domain, their right to self-determination. Their right of Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) shall be invoked.

All projects, researches and business ventures that disturb or affect the environment and the people in the domain shall meet the approval of the Indigenous Peoples Organization. And such, that approval should observe customary laws and decisions must be made by consensus. As a general policy, no project that would entail massive environmental disturbance shall be allowed to enter the ancestral domain. The IPO shall assist in the consultation and information dissemination and as mediator.

B. General Governing Policy/Rituals

The sustainable management of the entire domain is the responsibility of the community. The households, clans and families have their respective properties such as residential, agricultural lands and houses. Each resident have the responsibility of managing and developing whatever resources he accumulated through his industry and labor. The community also shared properties such as community watershed, forest, rivers and others. The Indigenous Peoples Organization is to oversee the domain-wide management of properties by assisting government agencies in implementing policies concerning any development projects. The Indigenous Peoples Organization shall ensure that in the implementation of government policies will be in accordance with the customary laws, practices and culture of the IPs of Buguias. Policies observe includes the following 1. Policy on forest protection and rehabilitation As an initial step to properly maintain a vibrant forest within the domain; • The community shall initiate the identification and segregation of communal forest in coordination with the Local Government Unit of Buguias and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). • Efforts on forest management shall focus on reforestation, bamboo plantation, agroforestry, conservation farming and proper care and maintenance of planted trees. • Private forest ownership shall be encourage as a way of distributing self-responsibility of caring the forest resources.

• Firelines along kaingin shall be strictly implemented to prevent and control grass and forest fires.

2. Policy on settlement areas On land classified as residential areas, the community must abide on the programs enforced by appropriate government agencies such as; • Maintenance of cleanliness; • No diversion of septic tank on creeks and other bodies of water • Implementation of road right of way; • Implementation of laws on building permits especially along roads; • No building higher than four storey shall be built within earthquake fault lines; • That proper zoning of all residential areas shall be undertaken. • Squatting and encroaching in public land is prohibited.

3. Policy on resource use, harvesting and hunting • Timber/lumber products are for community use only. It shall not be traded for commercial purposes. • Traditional practice of hunting that are detrimental to biodiversity like the “IKIK” is prohibited. • Potable water in wells and spring (sakduan) shall be strictly used for home consumption and not for irrigation. This is to ensure that all household in the community will have sufficient supply of potable water. • The sakduan shall be protected and managed properly by adopting appropriate mechanisms such as reforestation of its watershed and provision of structures that prevent pollutants and other possible contaminants.

4. Policy on agricultural and agroforestry activities • Minimize the excessive use of agricultural chemicals • Practices innovative agricultural technologies such as Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Organic Farming and Sloping Agricultural Land Technologies (SALT) such as planting hedgerows of cala lily, gabi and other forage to conserve and revive soil structure and fertility. • Adopt climate change mitigation such as maintenance of vegetative surface cover. Minimize burning and no clearing of surface cover when it does not affect planted crops. • No agricultural expansions on forest areas. • No disposal of toxic/poisonous containers and other non-biodegradable waste especially along creeks and other bodies of water. • Intensify agroforestry by planting more fruit trees on backyards and along boundaries of vegetable terraces.

C. Policy on non-IP within Ancestral Domain

Migration from one place to another is common and primarily due to economic reason. Migrants seek for better livelihood opportunities while contributing to the economic development of the place where they have migrated.

None-IPs or migrants are permissible to live within the IPs ancestral domain through any legal and acceptable means. Such means may be in terms of but not limited to; Intermarriage, acquisition of property, establishment of business, practice of profession, laborers and other occupations.

For a harmonized living relationship, migrants need to understand the community’s culture and tradition. As deemed necessary, they must cooperate in the observance and implementation of such customary practices and activities. For example is the observance of the “Pakde”. The community people practice “pakde” when an untoward incidence happened in the community like death through accident or plant and animal infestations. A pig to be butchered will be contributed by the residents and traditional ceremonial rites will be led by a community elder. The “pakde” marks the no entry in the area for one night. The ceremony intends to stop the recurrence of such untoward incidence. Violation hereof is replacement of expenses for the repetition of the ceremony.

Other community activities that non-IPs must participate are contributions and community free labor needed for community development. Besides, there are also community or barangay affairs and activities being implemented under the different barangay based institutions that must be participated by every community residents.

For all legal intents and purposes, all residents must be registered in the municipality to be accounted for residing in the barangay/community.

In general, every citizens are entitled of the privileges and to the basic government’s services. Due process of law shall prevail and entitled to all.

D. Policy on Involvement of IP Members to Development Projects

The Indigenous People Organization of Buguias shall endeavor to facilitate just and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the development and production of resources within the domain. It shall advocate the implementation of policy that 90% of the local government labor force must come from the IPs of Buguias. In the private sector employment, 60% of the labor force must come from the IPs of Buguias. For project implemented by government and private organizations, there must be a senior staff that comes from the IPs of Buguias, while for supervisory level positions, 50% must come from the IPs of Buguias. For rank and files, 70% of the labor force must come from the IPs of Buguias.

IX. Conflict Resolution and Local Grievance Redress Mechanism Conflict management in the domain shall apply the Indigenous Peoples traditional customary practices and the legal system of the Philippines. The first level shall be settled through the “Tongtong” System where affected parties are called for amicable settlement. The “Tongtong” system is conciliated or mediated by the community elders through the Barangay Lupong Tagapamayapa headed by the Punong Barangay. If not settled in this manner, it will be brought to the court of law.

X. Partner Peoples Organization A. PO Profile 1. Background Name: Macogcog Women’s Organization Address: Macogcog, Calamagan, Buguias, Benguet Type of organization: Peoples Organization Total No. of Members:38 Date Organized: December 4, 2012 Date registered: March 13, 2014 Registering agency: Department of Labor and Employment Registration No.: CAR-2014-03-142 Accreditation: MLGU-Buguias Advocacy: Women’s Empowerment and Development Area of operation: Barangay wide Activities: Natural Resources Management, Conservation Farming, Agri- based Product Development and other community development projects.

2. Vision, Mission, General principles and Objectives • Vision: “A harmonious relationship among women in the community regardless of religious and political affiliation towards physical, social, moral, spiritual and economic development of the community”.

• Mission: “To contribute for the improvement of the community thru an organized women’s group who believed in the spirit of cooperation, sharing of talents, environmental awareness and self-discipline”. • General Principles 1. The association believes in the individual worth and dignity as well as the uniqueness of cooperation among members. 2. The association believes that thru harmonious relationship among members, individual skills and talents will be shared and brought out to the fullest. 3. The association believes that each member is a catalyst for change not only for own family but for the community with the help of unity.

• Objectives 1. To instill in the mind and hearts of all women who are members of the Macogcog Women’s Association the value of cooperation, cleanliness, orderliness, and discipline in their homes and in the community. 2. To foster unity and at the same time strengthen social bonding among mothers and women in the community and to let each feel her importance in the family and in the community. 3. To sponsor programs, support useful informative and educational activities such as trainings for exposure that cater the enhancement of talents and skills of each member to initiate change, development and uplift of the standard of living not only for their family but for the community as a whole.

4. To assist in the development of moral values among members adopting moral recovery programs or activities being sponsored by Local Government Units (LGUs) as well as religious and other groups. 5. To support Government Organizations (GOs) and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) programs that caters physical, moral, spiritual, and economic development of the people in the community. 6. To sponsor programs which may help uplift the standards of living of members such as insurance, financial assistance, credit and loans, livelihood as agreed upon by the members. List of officers and members OFFICERS BOARD OF DIRECTORS RISALYN M. President YOLANDA Chairperson PE CALGO VERNELIA Vice President EDEN C. Member AWISAN FERNANDEZ JANET C. Secretary JUNITA Member SACLA SAWAC FENESIA S. Treasurer AMY SAB-IT Member MARERO GRACE Auditor BIANA Member DAP-ING BISWILAN EVELYN C. P.R.O MANUEL Business Managers YOLANDA ROSARIA MARILYN EDEN CALGO CORPUZ SACLA FERNANDEZ MEMBERS ROSANNA SHIRLY ISABEL LICANIO VALDEZ DAGUYAM BRENDA FELICIANA ROSALY LALONG GAWEC SAB-IT NALLY ROSARIO EDINA DAGUYAM GINUNGO CORPUZ AIDA LORENZA ALICIA MAYANGAO GAWEC KITONGAN LIZA CALGO JOYCE DAP- MARIETA SAB-IT ING FEBIANA APOLONIA MONISA PABLO ANHIBEY DAGUYAM FELIPA NARISSA MARILYN NAPADAWAN LICNACHAN DEPOLIO ANITA MARTHA NATY CUYANGAN CALGO SACLA BRENETTE DAMIANA BATONAN BATONAN

B. Capacity Building Needs of Each Members 1. Organizational Management and leadership trainings. This is to give further emphasis on the objectives and purposes of creating an association, the duties, functions and

responsibilities of officers and members and their contributions to community development. 2. Simple bookkeeping and records management. It is a must that the officers involved in financial management must be able to keep financial records the way it should be for systematic and transparency. 3. Conduct of meeting and preparation of minutes. The organization must learn and apply the basic steps in conducting organizational meeting and be able to prepare minutes of meeting. 4. Simple project proposal preparation. For linkage and networking, the association must be able to prepare a simple project proposal. 5. Preparation of resolution. It is always part of organizational management is the preparation of a resolution. Like the project proposal preparation, it is also needed for linkage and networking. 6. Project documentation. The POs need to have training on geo-tagging as part of documentations. 7. Nursery establishment and plant propagations. 8. Livelihood trainings and Product development 9. Others as need arises

C. Financial Management System 1. Fund security. The association must open a bank account for safekeeping of funds. 2. Authorized signatories. The president, treasurer and one BOD member shall be authorized as signatories in bank transactions in behalf of the association. 3. Fees. All fees and collectibles shall be paid to the treasurer. Only authorized collectors shall assist the treasurer in collection of collectibles. 4. Petty Cash. A petty cash in an amount approved by the Board of Directors shall be hold by the treasurer for association’s emergency purposes. 5. TEVs and Honoraria subject to availability of fund. a. Officers or members representing the association in an official business will be provided with actual transportation and food expenses and an honorarium of an amount approved by the Board of Directors. b. Officers who shall be preparing paper works as required by institutions such as regulatory requirements, proposals and the like shall be receiving an honorarium of an amount to be approved by the Board of Directors. 6. Bookkeeping. Books of accounts shall be maintained independently by the treasurer and bookkeeper. 7. Financial Monitoring. The treasurer and bookkeeper shall be providing financial reports in a regular manner or as prescribed by the organizational policy. 8. Counterpart. Every member shall provide counterpart in cash or in kind to provide share in any scheme of equity sharing required by implemented project.

D. Benefit Sharing Scheme Identified Any income that the PO may derived shall be shared through 20%: 80% sharing scheme. The 20% shall be due to the association as capital build-up. The 80% shall be for the association’s operational fund.

XI. Targets and Activities A. Natural resource management Natural resource Management activities are: Reforestation, Assisted Natural Regeneration, Agroforestry, and Conservation Farming. Details of activities shall be based on approved work and financial plan. 2015 Natural Resources Management Sub- No. of Amount Year of component hectares implementation Reforestation 4 77,647.15 Assisted 5 75,400.00 2015 - 2018 Natural Regeneration Agroforestry 6 118,482.00 Source: 2015 NRM contracts

` Supplemental contract for the for maintenance and Protection of 2015 NRM Sub- No. of Amount Year of component hectares implementation Reforestation 4 3,900.00 Assisted 5 10,500.00 2019 Natural Regeneration Agroforestry 6 6,905.64 Source: 2015 NRM supplemental Forest Management Agreement

Conservation Farming Sub- No. of Amount Year of component hectares implementation Conservation 4 184,160.90 2019 Farming Source: INREMP Files

B. Infrastructure Infrastructures proposed for the INRERMP are: 1. Improvement of Lam-ayan junction to Gaang Bala access road 2. Improvement of Lam-ayan to Patugong Access road 3. Improvement of Lam-ayan foot trails 4. Rehabilitation of Lam-ayan Domestic Water System

Other community needs identified and listed in the barangay development plan includes, construction of permanent community nursery facility, construction and rehabilitation of domestic water systems, construction of irrigation systems, construction of flood control and drainage, construction of other social infrastructures, Construction/rehabilitation of school buildings, Health centers, and improvement of farm to market access (footpath, roads and bridges). In other community meetings conducted, there were more infrastructures they needed like slope protection and flood control, ware house, processing centers with facilities among others. These identified development needs are for linkage to development agencies for appropriate funding.

C. Livelihood Enhancement Support (LES).

Vegetable farming is the number one livelihood in the community. As population grows, tendencies are conversion of forest land into agricultural production to meet economic needs. Alternative solution is the introduction of other livelihood opportunities such as the potential agri-based enterprises that will divert the attention of community people in eying for agricultural expansion. Thus, the project provides livelihood enhancement support to enhance and upgrade traditional practices of the community people into a more enterprising ventures.

The LES component of the Project is to be implemented in partnership with the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). Activities may include the following but not limited to:

1. Food processing (vegetable-based product development like; ➢ Powdered carrot ➢ Dehydrated vegies ➢ Potato chips ➢ Veggie Candies ➢ Carrot pandesal and other baked products ➢ Pickled vegetable ➢ Vegie-noodles 3. Transportation and Market linkage ➢ Packaged and labeled fresh vegetables 4. Provision Farm tools and implements 5. Capitalization support

Prior to implementation of processing activities and provision of support materials, PO strengthening shall be conducted. Details of activities are contained in the work and financial plan. Table below is the cost of project investment

Description of cost of investment Description of Financial requirement Total activity INRE Comm O MP unity t LES 2 counter h part e r s 1. Administrative -Meetings 410,1 41,000. 451,0 00.00 00 00.00 - 45,00 4,500.0 49,50 Database/profili 0.00 0 0.00 ng - 180,0 18,000. 198,0 Assessment/Pl 00.00 00 00.00 anning 2. Technical a. Basic training mngt

-GMP 683,2 68,325. 751,5 50.00 00 75.00 -Organic 683,2 68,325. 751,5 Farming 50.00 00 75.00 -Vegetable 529,5 52,950. 582,4 processing 00.00 00 50.00

b. Entrep activities -Product 273,8 27,387. 301.2 development 71.00 00 58.00 -Exposure 275,2 275,2 00.00 00.00 -Market study 139,0 13,900. 152,9 00.00 00 00.00 -VCA/Inv 270,0 27,000. 297,0 planing 00.00 00 00.00 3. Infrastructure support -Assorted Farm 300,0 30,000. 330,0 implements 00 00 00.00 -Refrigerated vans (4- 5,000, 5,000, tonners) 000.0 000.0 0 0 -Processing center 10,00 10,00 0,000. 0,000. 00 00 4. Capital Support -PO financing 15,00 500,00 15,50 0,000. 0.00 0,000. 00 00 TOTAL 33,78 851,38 34,33 9,171. 7.00 9,200. 00 00

Source: BENGUET IREMP-LES2 Investment Plan, prepared and submitted by Business Development Division DTI-Benguet

XII. Monitoring and Evaluation

The inspection team shall spearhead the monitoring of the activities. Inspection shall be done as often as necessary during implementation of every phase of any project they are engaged-in. Inspection team shall report immediately to the officers any concerns that needs immediate action. For non-immediate concerns, reporting shall be done during the group’s regular meeting to have evaluation and planning for the next activities and to act on issues and concerns that may be arising. Officers shall have close coordination to project staff or created Technical Working Group for regular updates and reports.

References:

1. Buguias Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP). 2. Calamagan Barangay Profile. 3. CHARMP2 Barangay Bangao Participatory Project Investment Plan (PPIP). 4. Community Consultations 5. KALAHI Barangay Profile Form 6. Other INREMP Project Documents

Attachments: 1. Map of Buguias Ancestral Domain Claim 2. Certificate Ancestral Domain Claim 3. Certificate of Registration of Macogcog Women’s Association 4. Activity report; Community Management Planning

ACTIVITY REPORT 37

Activity: Updating of Calamagan Community Management Plan Venue: Macogcog, Calamagan, Buguias, Benguet. Date: October 16, 2018

A. Arrival and Registration Registration was facilitated by Mr. Joney Soriano, Jr., the Admin. Services Aide. Brief Profile of Participants: The activity was participated by 19 males and 36 females with a total of 55 attendees. The participants were sector representative from the Barangay Health Station, Barangay of officials of Calamagan, Youth sector, Community Elders, Offiers ad eers of the Maogog Woe’s Assoiatio, ad soe community residents representing the sitios of the Barangay Calamagan. Facilitators were the INREMP Staff of CENRO Buguias with the support of the Regional Project Coordination Office headed by the INREM Project coordinator. Details of participants are as follows:

Summary of attendance Participants Male Female Total PO officers and other community 10 34 44 members and elders. Barangay Local Government Unit 3 2 5 and Health Station CENRO-Buguias Staff 4 0 4 Regional Project Coordination 2 0 2 Office (RPCO) TOTAL 19 36 55

B. Opening preliminaries 1. Opening Prayer Prayer of thanks and adoration was led by Ms. Risalyn Pe, PO President 2. Acknowledgement and welcome remarks. Forester Roland D. Yawan acknowledged the community participants. He thanked them for responding to the invitation despite their many works in recovering from the month-long monsoon worsened by the wrath of Typhoon Ompong. He also thanked the INREMP project coordinator from the Regional Project Coordination Office, CENRO Geoffrey Sidchugan for his presence and support and of course to the driver Mr. Antonio Espanola. It was also an opportunity for Jeryl Pudin and Joney Soriano Jr., to introduce themselves as newly hired Projects Staff. The two new elected Barangay Kagawads were also introduced.

C. Rationale of the activity The Site Management Officer explained that the Community Management Plan (CMP) is a document containing the desire of the community people expressed in a development plan. A plan that is prepared within the community. The CMP is not the place for detailed planning, hence, concerned agencies shall do the detailed analysis based on its broad development aspects. However, the community have a more concrete description of their development goals through the list of projects that they proposed. Wherefore their involvement and participation must be there to be facilitated.

The CMP intends to undergo a continuing process of planning, implementing and yearly evaluation of the planned activities. This shall be the basis of updating, re- planning and reporting of the ouit’s aomplishment. Thus, this activity today.

D. Discussions and workshop 1. Gender and Development During the discussion on Gender and Development, the participants shared how the men and women in the community share responsibilities in reproductive roles, sex disaggregation in farming activities and community affairs. It summarizes that both men and women has equal opportunities in access to resources and political powers.

2. Review of the Community Management Plan The activity was done through plenary. Through the aid of the projector, contents of the CMP were resented page by page. Starting from the historical background, the participants were attentive to listen to the history of their origin. On the list of cultural practices, those that are not applicable today were deleted while others are modified to fit what are being practiced at the present. Physical features were explained as a general information such as the elevation, climatic condition, topography and land area. The Barangay health workers provided the updates on the demographic profile. Discussed under the socio-economic profile are agriculture, forestry and watershed, education, infrastructure, housing, health and sanitation, road, electricity and transportation. Updates, status and present conditions of these concerns were provided by the community while other information were supplemented by the DENR staff especially For. Roland Yawan and Project coordinator For. Geoffrey Sidchugan. There is also change in the set of offiers of the Maogog Woe’s Association as result of their conducted election. Under the targets and activities, conservation farming was included under the Natural Resource Management. Targets under the infrastructure are listed though there was a budget cut of the infrastructure fund. It was explained by For. Sidchugan that INREM infrastructure funds were transferred to Mindanao for the rehabilitation of Marawi City. The participants were interested in the Livelihood Enhancement Support (LES). Activities are 1. Food processing (vegetable-based product development like; ➢ Powdered carrot ➢ Dehydrated vegies ➢ Potato chips ➢ Veggie Candies ➢ Carrot pandesal and other baked products ➢ Pickled vegetable ➢ Vegie-noodles 2. Transportation and Market linkage ➢ Packaged and labeled fresh vegetables 39

3. Provision Farm tools and implements 4. Farming capitalization support

E. Other Insights and concerns During the course of discussion, there were some concerns asked by the participants which were addressed the DENR staffs. • Registration of private tree plantation. This is in relation to the privately claimed forest stand by some community members. For. Sidchugan explained that registered private plantations (Certificate of Tree Plantations) will facilitate the issuance of legal documents for the harvesting and transporting of the forest products. • How to declare a communal forest. For. Roland Yawan explained that communal forests in Benguet are under jurisdiction of the Benguet Environment and Natural Resources Office. The BLGU may visit said office for proper guidance. He further expressed that DENR will still assist. • Others concerns asked by the participants were climate change, solid waste management, Watershed and wildlife protection and conservation. These were diligently addressed by the DENR staffs.

F. Closing preliminaries • Participants Remarks. Through the community elders/leaders, the participants expressed their thanks for this activity that it was a time not just to update the CMP but also serves as information and education campaign especially on environmental matters. • Facilitators/DENR staff’s Rearks. For. Geoffre B. Sidhuga also epressed his appreiatio to the ouit’s ooperatio ad partiipatio to the Projet’s activities. • Closing prayer was led by Mrs. Fenecia Marrero, the MWA treasurer.

Prepared by: Attested by:

AGUSTO T. BALANG ROLAND D. YAWAN Site Management Officer F1/INREMP Focal Person

Documenters: JERYL B. PUDIN AND JONEY M. SORIANO, JR.

Some photos taken during the cmp updating activity

ARRIVAL, REGISTRATION AND OPENING PRELIMINARIES

AKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ATICIPANTS AND INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT STAFFS

H E A

PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION (REVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT PLAN)

WARM DISCUSSIO NS AND EXCHANGI NG OF BRIGTH