Bulletin 46 (1) Corrected.Cdr
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
1 the Global Flower Bulb Industry
1 The Global Flower Bulb Industry: Production, Utilization, Research Maarten Benschop Hobaho Testcentrum Hillegom, The Netherlands Rina Kamenetsky Department of Ornamental Horticulture Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Marcel Le Nard Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 29260 Ploudaniel, France Hiroshi Okubo Laboratory of Horticultural Science Kyushu University 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan August De Hertogh Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 29565-7609, USA COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL I. INTRODUCTION II. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES III. GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD FLOWER BULB INDUSTRY A. Utilization and Development of Expanded Markets Horticultural Reviews, Volume 36 Edited by Jules Janick Copyright Ó 2010 Wiley-Blackwell. 1 2 M. BENSCHOP, R. KAMENETSKY, M. LE NARD, H. OKUBO, AND A. DE HERTOGH B. Introduction of New Crops C. International Conventions IV. MAJOR AREAS OF RESEARCH A. Plant Breeding and Genetics 1. Breeders’ Right and Variety Registration 2. Hortus Bulborum: A Germplasm Repository 3. Gladiolus 4. Hyacinthus 5. Iris (Bulbous) 6. Lilium 7. Narcissus 8. Tulipa 9. Other Genera B. Physiology 1. Bulb Production 2. Bulb Forcing and the Flowering Process 3. Morpho- and Physiological Aspects of Florogenesis 4. Molecular Aspects of Florogenesis C. Pests, Physiological Disorders, and Plant Growth Regulators 1. General Aspects for Best Management Practices 2. Diseases of Ornamental Geophytes 3. Insects of Ornamental Geophytes 4. Physiological Disorders of Ornamental Geophytes 5. Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) D. Other Research Areas 1. Specialized Facilities and Equipment for Flower Bulbs52 2. Transportation of Flower Bulbs 3. Forcing and Greenhouse Technology V. MAJOR FLOWER BULB ORGANIZATIONS A. -
Tyler Schmidt, Plant Science Major, Department of Horticultural Science
Interspecific Breeding for Warm-Winter Tolerance in Tulipa gesneriana L. Tyler Schmidt, Plant Science Major, Department oF Horticultural Science 19 December 2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Focus on breeding of Tulipa gesneriana has largely concentrated on appearance. Through interspecific breeding with more warm-tolerant species, tolerance of warm winters could be introduced into the species, decreasing dormancy requirements and expanding the range of tulips southward. Additionally, long-lasting foliage can be favored in breeding to allow plants to store more energy for daughter bulbs. Continued virus and fungal resistance breeding will decrease infection. Primary benefits are for gardeners and landscapers who, under the current planting schedule, are planting tulip bulbs annually, wasting money. Producers benefit from this by reducing cooling times, saving energy, greenhouse space, and tulip bulbs lost to diseases in coolers. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA AQUAPONICS: REPORT TITLE 1 I. INTRODUCTION A. Study species Tulips (Tulip gesneriana L.) are one of the most historically significant and well-known horticultural crops in the world. Since entering Europe via Constantinople in the mid-sixteenth century, the Dutch tulip market became one of the first “economic bubbles” of modern civilization, creating and destroying fortunes in four brief years (Lesnaw and Ghabrial, 2000). Since this time, tulips have remained extremely popular as more improved cultivars are released. However, a problem remains: even though viral resistance and long-lasting cultivars are introduced, few are capable of surviving in a climate with truly mild winters and only select cultivars are able to store enough energy for another year of flowering, even in climates with colder winters. Current planting schemes suggest planting annually, wasting tulip bulbs (Dickey, 1954). -
Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: the Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus
Supplementary Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus Kiran R. Gadhave 1,2,*,†, Saurabh Gautam 3,†, David A. Rasmussen 2 and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan 3 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]. † Authors contributed equally. Received: 13 May 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: date Abstract: Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid- transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture. -
Accumulation of Viral Coat Protein in Chloroplasts of Lily Leaves Infected with Lily Mottled Virus
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 17F–036/2017/19–5–1265–1269 DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0436 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Accumulation of Viral Coat Protein in Chloroplasts of Lily Leaves Infected with Lily Mottled Virus Pinsan Xu1,2, Xiuying Xia1, Jiong Song1 and Zhengyao Zhang2* 1School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian Liaoning 116024, China 2School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Liaoning 124221, China *For correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract The symptoms of Lily mottled virus (LMoV) disease are thought to be caused by metabolic changes in leaf chloroplasts. To observe variations in the ultrastructure of cells and the accumulation of viral coat protein (CP) in lily leaves, we examined ultrathin sections of lily leaves infected by LMoV. Immunogold labeling analysis demonstrated that LMoV-CP was localized to the chloroplasts. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of LMoV-infected lily, which indicating that the accumulation of LMoV-CP in chloroplasts inhibits PSII activity. We investigated the transmembrane transport of LMoV CP by incubating a gradient of this protein. The lowest concentration of LMoV-CP detected was 30 μg mL-1 and the optimal incubation time was 1 min. High levels of LMoV-CP that accumulate inside chloroplasts may affect photosynthesis in virus-infected lily by inhibiting photosystem activity. © 2017 Friends Science Publishers Keywords: Virus infection; Cell ultrastructure; Chloroplasts; Coat protein Introduction CP concentration and time). However, the molecular mechanism underlying how LMoV causing LMoV Lily mottled virus (LMoV) is one of the main viruses symptoms remains unclear. -
Viruses That Infect Plants Dr
Viruses that Infect Plants Dr. Jane E. Polston MCB 4503/5505 Dept. of Plant Pathology 1439 Fifield Hall [email protected] Viruses infect Organisms in All the Main Categories of Life A tree of life. A phylogenetic tree of life based on comparative small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences. Tree of Eukaryotic Life Keeling, PJ, G Burger, DG Durnford, BF Lang, RW Lee, RE Pearlman, AJ Roger, MW Gray. 2005. The tree of eukaryotes. Trends Ecol Evol 20: 670‐676. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2005.09.005 Phylogeny of Vascular Plants (Embryophytes) OUTLINE Viruses of Vascular Plants How are viruses that infect plants similar to viruses that infect other organisms? How are viruses that infect plants different from from viruses that infect other organisms? Viruses of plants are found across the earth –wherever plants grow Map of fluorescence indicating the density of growing plants Antarctica http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/fluorescence‐map.html Viruses that infect Vascular Plants: • Highly diverse • Have a high degree of similarity with animal viruses • Have evolved unique genes/ functions to facilitate infection Number and Diversity of Plant Viruses Estimated No. of Total No. Viruses No. Species Known to Virus Species in the Characterized Infect Land Plants World 2011 2011 millions 2,284 1,300 There are millions of diverse viral species in the world (65% of partial viral sequences found have no homologues in GenBank) Edwards and Rohwer (2005) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 3:504 Diversity of Viruses that Infect Vascular Plants Approximately 1,300 distinct virus species -
Development of in Vitro Lily Scale Budlets As Related to Virus Elimination
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Joanne C. Ruttum for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on June 27, 1991. Title: Development of in vitro Lily Scale Bulblets as Related to Virus Elimination -Redacted for Privacy_ Abstract approved: Thomas C. Allen, Jr. Lily hybrids vary in their ability toproduce virus-free (VF) bulblets when grown fromvirus-infected scalesintissue culture. Asiatic hybrids typically produce a higher percentage of in vitro VFscale bulblets than do Lilium longiflorum cultivars. Three hypotheses concerning the cause of this variation are tested onfive lily hybrids: an Asiatic hybrid, two L. longiflorum cultivars, an Oriental hybrid and L. candidum. The first hypothesis states that VFscale bulblets originate from wound tissue that is naturallylow in virus concentration and blocks the passage of virusparticles from one cell to the next. The second hypothesis says that scale-to-bulblet vascular connections, which serve asvirus pathways, occur inhybrids showing high percentages of virus-infected scale bulblets, while connections are absent in those hybridswithlow numbersof virus-infected bulblets. The third hypothesis concerns the virus concentration in the scale at the site of bulblet origin: bulblets of hybrids producing large numbers of VF bulblets originate from scale tissues low in virus concentration; bulblets of low percentage VF bulblet hybrids originate from scale tissues high in virus concentration. The first two hypotheses are not supported by the results of thisstudy. First, lily bulblets do not originate from wound tissue. Second,scale-to-bulblet vascular connections consistently occur in 'Enchantment,' an Asiatic hybrid, and occasionally occur in L. candidum. -
Interceptation of Viruses on Foreign Tulips in Brazil
InterceptationSCIENTIFIC of viruses COMMUNICATION on foreign tulips in Brazil. 501 INTERCEPTATION OF VIRUSES ON FOREIGN TULIPS IN BRAZIL E.B. Rivas, S.R. Galleti, M.A.V. Alexandre, L.M.L. Duarte, C.M. Chagas Instituto Biológico, Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Vegetal, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, CEP 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Sixty-seven tulip samples intercepted from the Netherlands by the Brazilian Agriculture Ministry, between 2004 and 2006, and two samples from São Paulo local market, Brazil, were assayed by serological and biological techniques, as well as by electron microscopy observations, for virus screening. In bulbs from the Netherlands potexviruses were detected in five samples and tobamoviruses in other three. Symptoms induced in some differential hosts were similar to those caused by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), while serological results indicated an infection by Tulip virus X. In two tulip samples from local flower shops, a Potyviridae was identified based on the presence of flexuous particles and cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions. Mechanical transmission tests to potyvirus hosts in the Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae species were negative, making possible to exclude a possible infection by Turnip mosaic viru, a common virus species in tulips. Although TVX could be detected in intercepted tulip bulbs from the Netherlands, the virus is only reported in Scotland, Japan and USA. KEY WORDS: Ornamental plant, Potexvirus, Tobamovirus, Potyviridae. RESUMO INTERCEPTAÇÃO DE VÍRUS EM TULIPAS IMPORTADAS PELO BRASIL. Sessenta e sete amostras de tulipas interceptadas da Holanda pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abaste- cimento, entre os anos de 2004 e 2006, e duas amostras, adquiridas no comércio local de São Paulo, foram avaliadas para a presença de vírus por meio de ensaios biológicos, sorológicos e observações ao microscópio eletrônico. -
'Broken'tulips and Tulip Breaking Virus
‘Broken’tulips and Tulip breaking virus ue to their beauty, range popular in Europe and, soon after, of colours and early bulbs were distributed from Vienna to flowering, tulips have Augsberg, Antwerp and Amsterdam, remained popular as and subsequently to other European garden plants and cut cities. blooms since they were DDfirst imported into Europe from Asia Tulip breaking virus Minor and Persia more than four and a Of the viruses now known to infect half centuries ago. Their introduction is tulips and cause ‘breaking’, the best usually attributed to Ogier de Bus- known is Tulip breaking virus (TBV) becque who, in 1554, first sent tulip which induces leaf chlorosis and, in bulbs and seeds to Vienna. This, of coloured cultivars, ‘broken’ flowers. course, was only a few years after the Breaking, or rectification as it was also deaths of great historical figures such earlier known, describes the appear- as Henry VIII, Martin Luther, Pope ance of the flowers in which the petals, Clement VII and Francis I of France, instead of being uniformly coloured, and when Tsar Ivan IV (Ivan the are variegated due to the irregular Terrible) was at his most powerful. It distribution of anthocyanin. Such is interesting that Busbecque, Ambas- ‘broken’ flowers are known to have ᭡ Illustration of ‘Tulip cv. Semper Augustus’ sador of Ferdinand I, the Holy Roman occurred in tulips in Europe within a taken from The Tulip Book (circa 1630– Emperor, to the great Sultan Souleiman, decade or so of their introduction and It’s hard to believe that in the 17th century people yearned 1639). -
HARVEST BRODIAEA Is 5-25 Cm Tall
capsule. The 3-5 basal leaves are linear and the scape HARVEST BRODIAEA is 5-25 cm tall. Brodiaea coronaria (Salisb.) Distribution Engl. This plant was a greater California Central Valley plant symbol = BRCO3 plant at one time extending in vast numbers across the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys. Due to Contributed By: USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data overgrazing, farming, and urban development this Center plant is becoming rare. It is also found in northwestern California, the central and northern Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range and British Columbia at an elevational range from 0 to 1600 m. The plant is found in multiple plant community types including valley grassland, foothill woodland, mixed conifer forests, and volcanic mesas. Establishment If possible, obtain the seed and corms from local sources near where they will be planted, to maintain genetic diversity of harvest brodiaea and for the best adaptation to local conditions. Some plant nurseries may label their corms and seeds according to geographic source. If planting flowering-size corms, Alfred Brousseau they can be directly planted outside. Plant the corms Brother Eric Vogel, St. Mary's College in the fall in full sun. The less crowded the more the @ CalPhotos corms will offset. Plant them 2 to 4 inches apart and 4 inches deep. A well-drained soil that is light and Alternate Names loose will produce bigger corms. Water and weed Indian potato, topoderos, walla, crown brodiaea the patch regularly and protect it from small and large mammals, insects, and birds. Keep the ground Uses slightly damp. If given too much water the corms Ethnobotanic: Corms were gathered with a wooden will rot. -
Is the Foliar Yellow Vein of Some Ornamental Plants Caused by Plant
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2014 Is the foliar yellow vein of some ornamental plants caused by plant viruses? Favio Eduardo Herrera Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Herrera, Favio Eduardo, "Is the foliar yellow vein of some ornamental plants caused by plant viruses?" (2014). LSU Master's Theses. 218. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/218 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IS THE FOLIAR YELLOW VEIN OF SOME ORNAMENTAL PLANTS CAUSED BY PLANT VIRUSES? A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology by Favio Herrera Egüez B.S., Pan American School of Agriculture Zamorano, 2010 May 2014 To my grandparents, Cesar and Sara ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to God for giving the health and strength to accomplish step in important task in my life. Thanks for giving me a family who supports me from the distance. I would like to thank Dr. Rodrigo Valverde for his patience, effort and guidance during this time and for giving me a chance to continue with my studies besides my expertise in this field. -
Virus Groups 2 1 Group Name Group Strain Type Shape No
VIRUS GROUPS 2 1 Group Name Group Strain Type Shape No. of Particles Inclusions Nucleic Acid Vector Features Members in this Handbook AMV Alfalfa mosaic Baciliform 4 + ssRNA Aphid Alfalfa mosaic virus virus (nonpersistent) Bromovirus Brome mosiac Isosahedral 3 + ssRNA Some beetle virus crystalline Carlavirus Carnation Flexous 1 + ssRNA Aphid Narrow Blackberry calico virus latent virus rod various types (nonpersistent) host range Lily symptomless virus Blueberry scorch virus Potato virus M Potato virus S Caulimovirus Cauliflower Isometric 1 + dsDNA Aphid Narrow Blueberry red ringspot mosaic virus (nonpersistent) host range virus Dahlia nosaic virus Strawberry vein-banding virus Closterovirus Beet yellows Filamen- 1 + ssRNA Aphid Beet yellows virus virus tous rod in phloem (semipersistent) Comovirus Cowpea Isometric 2 + ssRNA Beetle Narrow mosaic virus vacuolate and host range crystalloid Cucumovirus Cucumber Isometric 3 + sRNA Aphid Cucumber mosaic virus mosaic virus in mesophyll (nonpersistent), Sap Dianthovirus Carnation Isometric 2 + ssRNA ringspot virus Enamovirus Pea enation Isometric 2 + ssRNA Aphid Pea enation mosaic virus mosaic virus in phloem (persistent) Geminivirus Maize streak Double 1 + ssDNA Beet curly top virus virus particle in phloem Hordeivirus Barley stripe Rod 3 ssRNA Barley stripe mosaic virus mosaic Ideaovirus Raspberry Isometric 3 ssRNA Pollen Raspberry bushy dwarf bushy dwarf virus virus Ilarvirus Tobacco Isometric 3 + ssRNA Pollen, Seed Apple mosaic virus streak virus (transmission Blueberry shock ilarvirus mediated