TE REO O TE REPO – THE VOICE OF THE WETLAND NGA - WHAKAMA - RAMA | GLOSSARY 193 - - - NGA WHAKAMARAMA Te Reo Māori Te Reo Pākeha GLOSSARY OF MA - ORI A Aotearoa Traditional name for New Zealand TERMS Ahu otaota Shell middens Disclaimer: This glossary has been produced to support Ake, ake Forever and ever the reader in their understanding of Māori words used Ariari Board used during white-baiting in this handbook. With the complex nature of the Māori language, one word can have different meanings Ariki Paramount chief, high chief, chieftain, depending on the context it is used in. This glossary lord, leader, aristocrat, first-born in a has endeavoured to provide multiple meanings for high ranking family – qualities of a these complex words. However, the direct translations leader is a concern for the integrity used for some of these more complex words may not and prosperity of the people, the truly represent the meaning in which the authors were land, the language and other cultural intending. treasures Arohatanga To love, feel compassionate, Waikato-Tainui (tribal people of the Waikato region) use empathise double vowels instead of a macron, i.e. whaanau instead of whānau, hapuu instead of hapū, this style of writing Ātaahua Beautiful, handsome, pleasant, pretty, does not change the meaning of the word. lovely The definitions of the words/terms found in this glossary Atua God are based on the Tai Tumu, Tai Pari, Tai Ao Waikato-Tainui Awa River, stream, waterways, fresh water Environmental Plan and the online bodies Te Aka Māori-English, English-Māori Dictionary Awhi rito or mātua The 'parent' leaves of the harakeke (NZ *Indicates definitions from Tai Tumu, Tai Pari, Tai Ao flax); these leaves sit on either side of Waikati-Tainui Environmental Plan the youngest leaf (rito) in the fan H Hapū* Subtribe, usually containing a number of whānau (family unit) and marae (gathering place) with a common ancestor or ancestors Hauanga kai* The customary and contemporary gathering and use of naturally occurring and cultivated foods (see mahinga kai) Haukāinga Home, true home, local people of a marae, home people Haumiatiketike Atua (God) of fernroot and uncultivated food Hīkoi To step, stride, march, walk Hīnaki Wicker eel basket Fyke net – used in this context as a method for kōura (freshwater crayfish) monitoring Hongi To press noses in greeting Hua rākau Fruit tree Hui To gather, congregate, assemble, meet I Iwi* Extended kinship group, tribe, nation, people, nationality, race; often refers to a large group of people descended from a common ancestor TE REO O TE REPO – THE VOICE OF THE WETLAND NGA - WHAKAMA - RAMA | GLOSSARY 194 K Kete Handwoven basket Kai Eat, food, dine Kīngitanga King Movement, developed in the Kaihaukai Tribal feast 1850s, and established to stop the loss of land, promote Māori authority, Kaimahi Worker maintain law and order, and promote traditional values and culture Kāinga Home, settlement, residence Kaitiaki* Caregiver, caretaker, guardian, the role Ki uta ki tai Recognising the connections across of protecting and nurturing the māuri landscape, people and ecosystems. of all things and the surrounding Literally translated as "From the inanimate environment mountains to the sea" Kaitiakitanga* The exercise of kaitiaki (guardian) Koere Bracken fern bundles used for kōura roles and responsibilities. The exercise (freshwater crayfish) monitoring recognises the intricate balance and integral relationship between all Kōhanga A nursery for the young – used in natural resources this handbook as a reference to the important role of healthy ecosystems Sustainable resource management in the rearing of important species Kaka Traditional form of the scoop net used from juvenile to adult to harvest whitebait on the lower Kōiwi Human bones, corpse Waikato River Kanohi ki te Face to face, in person, in the flesh Korapa awa A stop net made of shade cloth kanohi Kōrari Generic term for the flowers of the Kāo No – used only as a negative answer harakeke (NZ flax) to a question Kōrero Conversation, discussion Kapa haka Māori performing group Koroneihana Coronation. The largest annual Karakia To recite ritual chants, say grace, pray, gathering of followers of the recite a prayer, chant Kīngitanga (King movement), Karanga Formal call, ceremonial call, welcome celebrating the anniversary of the call; a ceremonial call of welcome anointing of the Māori King or Queen to visitors onto a marae (gathering Korowai Cloak place), or equivalent venue, at the start of a pōwhiri (welcome ceremony) Kuia Elder woman M Kaumātua* Elders (male or female) Mahau Porch of the meeting house Kaupapa Topic, policy, matter of discussion, Mahi Work, job, employment, trade (work), plan, purpose, scheme, proposal, practice, occupation, activity, exercise, agenda, programme, theme, issue, operation, function initiative Kaupapa Māori An approach underpinned by Mahinga kai Customary and contemporary research Māori values; generally utilised by gathering and use of naturally researchers who are Māori, and who occurring and cultivated foods are undertaking research with, and for Mahinga mātaitai Customary seafood gathering site, Māori shellfish bed Kāuta Cooking shed, kitchen, cookhouse, Maimai aroha Lament, expression or token of house, shack, lean-to affection Kawa Protocols and customs Māmā Mother Kawenata Covenant, testament, charter, Mana Authority, spiritual authority, contract, agreement, treaty – any protective power and prestige undertaking that binds parties in a Manaakitanga The provision of sustenance, care, and permanent and morally irrevocable support, particularly in the hospitality relationship shown to manuhiri TE REO O TE REPO – THE VOICE OF THE WETLAND NGA - WHAKAMA - RAMA | GLOSSARY 195 Mana motuhake Separate identity, autonomy, self- Mātauranga Knowledge, wisdom, understanding government, self-determination, Mātauranga Traditional and contemporary Māori independence, sovereignty, authority Māori* knowledge, knowledge systems and – mana (authority) through self- knowledge bases. This includes the determination and control over one's body of knowledge originating from own destiny Māori ancestors, including Māori Mana whakahaere The exercise of rights and worldview and perspectives, Māori responsibilities to ensure that the creativity, and cultural and spiritual balance and mauri (life force) of the practices. As an organic and living rohe (area) is maintained knowledge base, mātauranga Māori is ever growing and expanding Mana whenua The tāngata whenua (indigenous people) group or groups with primary Mātua Parents mana whakahaere (rights and Maunga Mountain responsibilities) over an area Mau rākau Wielding of weapons Manuhiri, Visitor, guest manuwhiri Mauri* Life force. Some hold the view that Māori Indigenous New Zealander, both animate and inanimate objects indigenous person of Aotearoa New have mauri Zealand Mita Pronunciation, sound of a language Marae* Traditional and contemporary distinct to a hapū (subtribe) or iwi gathering places that may contain a (tribe) when compared to others from wharenui (meeting house), wharekai other rohe (areas) (dining room), wharepaku (ablution Moana Sea, ocean, large lake block), whare (other houses or structures); may also include a Mokopuna Descendant, grandchild papakāinga (communal Māori land) Mōteatea Lament, traditional chant In Māori society, the marae is a place Motu Island, country where the culture can be celebrated, Muka Fibre inside the leaf of the harakeke where the Māori language can be (NZ flax) highly valued for its strength spoken, where intertribal obligations can be met, where customs can be explored and debated, where N family occasions such as birthdays Ngahere Bush, forest can be held, and where important ceremonies, such as welcoming Ngā mihi Acknowledgements visitors or farewelling the dead Ngāti Prefix for a tribal group (tangihanga), can be performed. Like the related institutions of old Nohoanga Dwelling place, abode Polynesia, the marae is a wāhi tapu O (sacred place) which carries great cultural meaning Oranga Health Māra kai A place where food is grown, often P used in reference to the more Pā Inhabitants of a fortified place contemporary version of a vegetable Large groupings of plants valued by garden Māori weavers, e.g. pā harakeke, pā Maramataka Planting and fishing calendar kuta, pā raupō Maro kuta Small loincloth worn by women, made Pae pae Dredge net used for kōura (freshwater from kuta (giant spike rush) crayfish) monitoring Mātaitai Seafood, shellfish Paimārire Christian faith still practiced by Waikato Māori Matariki Pleiades, the Seven Sisters – an open cluster of many stars in the Pāke Cape constellation Taurus, with at least six Papakāinga Original home, home base, village, stars visible to the naked eye communal Māori land TE REO O TE REPO – THE VOICE OF THE WETLAND NGA - WHAKAMA - RAMA | GLOSSARY 196 Papatipu rūnanga Uphold the mana (authority)of Ngāi Rangatiratanga Chieftainship, right to exercise Tahu (South Island tribal group) authority, chiefly autonomy, people over the land, sea, and natural chiefly authority, ownership, resources leadership of a social group, domain of the rangatira (chief), attributes of a Papatūānuku Earth, Earth mother and wife of rangi- chief nui – all living things originate from them Rangi-nui Atua (God) of the sky and husband of Paru Muds valued by Māori weavers for Papatūānuku (Earth mother) their dyeing properties Raranga To weave Pā tuna Eel weir, weir for catching eels Raupatu Confiscation, conquered, overcome. Pēpe Baby, infant