Theory as Action Oscar Masotta at MACBA

► Curated by Ana Longoni, the exhibition is organised around nine thematic areas that cover the intense intellectual and artistic career of the Argentine thinker Oscar Masotta, starting from his notion of the theoretical exercise as a mode of political action. ► Masotta went into exile in 1975 in , where he died four years later. Founder of the Freudian Field Library in 1977, he was a key agent in the introduction of Lacanian thought in , as he had previously been in and Latin America. ► The exhibition features works by , Eduardo Costa, Raúl Escari, Marta Minujín, Charlie Squirru, Dalila Puzzovio, Rubén Santantonín, Luis Wells and Alberto Greco, among others. It includes unpublished documentary material and artistic works made by Masotta, while giving an account of his legacy in contemporary art with contributions by Gonzalo Elvira, Dora García, Guillermina Mongan and the collective Un Faulduo. ► Oscar Masotta. Theory as Action is the result of several years of collective research. The exhibition was presented in 2017 at MUAC (Mexico) and after its showing at MACBA it will travel to (Parque de la Memoria, 2018).

Title: Oscar Masotta. Theory as Action Opening: Thursday 22 March 2018, 7.30 pm Dates: 23 March – 11 September 2018 Organisation and production: Exhibition organised by MUAC Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo, UNAM, Mexico, in collaboration with MACBA Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona Curator: Ana Longoni

Oscar Masotta. Theory as Action seeks to reconstruct the intellectual journey of this thinker, theoretician and artist (Buenos Aires, 1930 – Barcelona, 1979) through a wide selection of documentary material, works by the artists he wrote about, as well as artworks he produced himself. Curated by Ana Longoni, the project is the result of years of research into this crucial figure in the transformations of the Argentine and Ibero-American cultural field between the 1950s and 1970s. Masotta left his native Buenos Aires in 1974 to go into exile in Europe, first in and then in Barcelona, the city where he settled in 1975 and where he died four years later. In Barcelona, his host city, he was actively involved with the countercultural scene of the time. Masotta's multiple interests ranged from literature and militant politics to the artistic avant-garde, comics, psychoanalysis, semiology and structuralism. Theory as Action seeks to integrate the different constellations of readings and areas of incidence that he articulated in a common itinerary.

Theory as Action

Theory as Action is structured in a series of sections without a linear path. In its multiple and interwoven approach, the exhibition presents a biographical and intellectual account that is multifaceted and unstable. The first section, Personal Papers, brings together letters, photos, books, drawings and other documents belonging to Masotta, alongside his poems and paintings, which he conceived not as artworks but as ‘thinking exercises’.

The second section, Exile and Psychoanalysis, explores the traces left by Masotta during his years in Barcelona and his ties with the so-called ‘Gauche Divine’. Between 1975 and 1979 he worked intensely in different cities in Spain, where he promoted study groups (the first being in the studio of the painter Josep Guinovart) to which many young people were drawn, including Pepe Espaliú. He was in contact with young intellectuals such as Alberto Cardín, Eugenio Trías and Federico Jiménez Losantos. Masotta is recognised for introducing Lacanian thought in the Spanish language. Lacan’s work is key to understanding the theoretical and artistic production of Masotta and the writings of the French thinker accompanied him throughout his career.

The third section, Literature and , focuses on his participation in the fifties in the young nucleus of the legendary magazine Contorno, together with Juan José Sebreli and Carlos Correas; his approach to the literature of Roberto Arlt; and his connection with the Communist Workers Movement. It recalls his provocative action in distributing pictures of the outlawed Eva Perón in the bars and meeting places of the anti-Peronist intelligentsia.

Rather than talk about Pop art in Argentina, Masotta preferred to use the neologism ‘Argentinian image-makers’ (imagineros argentinos) to distance the ‘plurality of propositions’ of local production from American Pop art. A significant group of works of the Argentine avant- garde of the sixties, on which Masotta wrote, is brought together in this fourth section.

The fifth section, Comics: Drawn Literature, shows Masotta’s pioneering initiatives in recognising the artistic status of comics. In addition to publishing two books on the subject from a semiological perspective (in 1968 and 1970), he organised the First World Comics Biennial at the Instituto Di Tella (1968) and between 1968-69 edited, together with Oscar Steimberg, the magazine LD. Literatura Dibujada.

The sixth section, Arte de los Medios, presents the ideas and achievements of the group formed in 1966 by Roberto Jacoby, Eduardo Costa and Raúl Escari, in vigorous dialogue with Masotta. This group experienced and studied the social materiality of the mass media, especially its ability to build an event. The Anti-happening, a founding work by the group, put into circulation through press reports news of a happening that never took place.

The seventh section, Masotta Happenist, shows that while reflecting theoretically on the phenomenon of happenings, this intellectual also began producing them. In his happening Para inducir al espíritu de la imagen (To induce the spirit of the image, 1966), in exchange for payment as theatrical extras, he placed a number of elderly people on a stage and exposed them to powerful lights and very penetrating sound. Masotta defined it as ‘an act of explicit social sadism’. El helicóptero (The helicopter, 1967) was an inquiry into the face-to-face communication between two sectors of the public: those who saw the helicopter flying and those who missed it.

The eighth section, Derivations, explores the persistence of Masotta’s ideas and the ‘art of the media’ in the later developments of the Argentine avant-garde. On the one hand, the Moda ficción (Fictional Fashion) developed by Eduardo Costa, in which fictional devices intervene in the world of fashion magazines. And on the other, the political radicalisation that motivated these artists around 1968, culminating in the well-known Tucumán Arde collective action: a counter-information campaign promoted by the opposition workers union to denounce the dictatorship’s official propaganda against the serious crisis affecting the working population of northern Argentina.

Finally, Masotta Polemicist presents, from his three polemical interventions, the incisive mode of intellectual debate to which he frequently resorted. This section documents his discussions with the Argentine painter Luis Felipe Noé, the French happenist Jean-Jacques Lebel, the epistemologist Gregorio Klimovsky and the sociologist Darío Cantón.

Contrary to the strongly anti-intellectual climate that prevailed among the politically radicalised Latin American intelligentsia in the late sixties, which led many artists to abandon art for politics, Masotta mounted a concerted defence of intellectual work as a specific mode of political action. Today his legacy is being rescued by various theorists and contemporary artists (such as Dora García, Gonzalo Elvira, Ángel de la Calle, Guillermina Mongan and the collective Un Faulduo), whose activations and revisiting of Masotta’s work are included in this exhibition.

About Oscar Masotta

Oscar Masotta (Buenos Aires, 1930 – Barcelona, 1979) was a central figure in the modernisation of the Argentine cultural field between the 1950s and the 1970s. His intense work as an essayist took him to different territories: he wrote about art, literature, comics, politics and psychoanalysis. He is recognised for introducing Lacan's thought in Latin America and Spain. The avidity of his readings and the diversity of his theoretical interests prompted him to productively cross-link new paradigms such as phenomenology, , structuralism and semiology. He always claimed to be a Marxist but challenged orthodoxy by critically approaching Peronism and popular culture. Actively linked to the artistic avant-garde of the sixties, he proposed a series of key notions such as dematerialisation, discontinuity and environment to analyse the radical transformations of art at that time. His contribution was not only theoretical but also artistic: in 1966 he began producing happenings and communicational works, such as Para inducir al espíritu de la imagen (To induce the spirit of the image, 1966), El helicóptero (The helicopter, 1967), and El mensaje fantasma (The ghost message, 1967). He collaborated with the Arte de los Medios group, recognised today as one of the pioneers of Conceptualism. He was co-editor of the magazine LD. Literatura Dibujada and organised the First World Comics Biennial (1968). Among his vast production are his books Sexo y traición en Roberto Arlt (1965), El pop art (1967), Happenings (1967), Conciencia y estructura (1969) and La historieta en el mundo moderno (1970). Shortly before leaving for exile in Europe in 1974, hounded by the climate of increasing political violence, he founded the Freudian School of Buenos Aires and published Introducción a la lectura de (1974). Before his premature death, he carried out a remarkable activity promoting psychoanalytic study groups in different European cities, and published Ensayos Lacanianos (1976).

About Ana Longoni

Ana Longoni (La Plata, 1967) is a writer, researcher at CONICET, and a graduate and postgraduate lecturer at the Universidad de Buenos Aires, as well as a guest lecturer in the Independent Studies Programme (MACBA) and other universities. Doctor of Arts (UBA, 2005), she specialises in the intersections between art and politics in Argentina and Latin America from the mid-twentieth century to the present. She has been an active member of the Red Conceptualismos del Sur since its foundation in 2007. She is the director of the ‘Study Group on Art, Culture and Politics in recent Argentina’, based in the Gino Germani Research Institute (Faculty of Social Sciences, UBA), where several research projects converge. Among others, she has curated the exhibitions El deseo nace del derrumbe (MNCARS, Madrid, 2011), Perder la forma humana (MNCARS, Madrid, 2012 / MALI, Lima, 2013 / MUNTREF, Buenos Aires, 2014), Con la provocación de Juan Carlos Uviedo (MUAC, Mexico, 2015) and Oscar Masotta. La teoría como acción (MUAC, Mexico, 2017 / MACBA, Barcelona, 2018). She was a member of the Managerial Committee of the Universidad de las Artes (Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2015–16) and has recently been appointed Director of Public Activities at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (Madrid). Author of numerous publications, including: Del Di Tella a ‘Tucumán Arde’ (2000), Traiciones (2007) and Vanguardia y revolución (2014). Two of her plays have premiered in Buenos Aires: La Chira (2003) and Árboles (2006).

1 Oscar Masotta. La teoría como acción, p. 242. Published on the occasion of the exhibition (27 April–13 August 2017), MUAC, Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo. UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.

PHOTOS here www.macba.cat/press/omasotta3246

PUBLICATION (Quadern portàtil) Oscar Masotta: ‘Después del pop: nosotros desmaterializamos.’ Quadern portàtil, no. 35. Barcelona: MACBA, 2018 (lecture given at the Instituto Di Tella, Buenos Aires, July 1967)

RELATED ACTIVITIES PARLEM DE... OSCAR MASOTTA With Cloe Masotta, Andrés Duque, Ana Longoni and Gonzalo Elvira Saturdays, 14 April, 5 and 12 May, 16 June, 6.30 pm. Museum galleries. Free admission

SCREENING Segunda vez, by Dora García, followed by a discussion with the artist Wednesday 2 May, 8 pm. Cinema Maldà. 3 €

NIGHT OF THE MUSEUMS Programme related to Oscar Masotta Saturday 19 May, 7 pm – 1 am. Free admission

SEMINAR Deflagractions Oscar Masotta. The Avant-garde and Psychoanalysis With Enric Berenguer, Nora Catelli, Rithée Cevasco, Dora García, Ana Longoni, Cloe Masotta and Martín Vitaliti Thursday 7 June, 4.30 pm. Meier Auditorium. 5 €. Free with MACBA Amic card. Tickets at macba.cat

■ MORE INFORMATION AT macba.cat and @MACBA Barcelona Follow us on: #OscarMasotta ■ MACBA: Plaça dels Àngels, 1, 08001 Barcelona, macba.cat ■ TIMES: Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, 11 am – 7.30 pm. (from 25 June – 24 September, 11 am – 8 pm). Tuesdays except public holidays, closed. Saturdays, 10 am – 8 pm. Sundays and public holidays, 10 am – 3 pm.

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