Abstracts of Papers Presented at the

20th European Conference on Knowledge Management ECKM 2019

Hosted By Universidade Europeia de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal

5–6 September 2019

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Published by Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited Reading UK 44-118-972-4148 www.academic-conferences.org Contents

Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Preface xviii ix Committee xix x

Biographies xxiv xiii Keynote Outlines liii papers lvii The Impact of Financial Literacy on Ahmed Alafifi, Allam 1 1 Financial Operating Decision Makers Hamdan and in MSMEs Abdalmuttaleb Al-Sartawi How the Buddhist Epistemology can Yasanthi Alahakoon and 1 10 Contribute to Contemporary Kavoos Mohannak Knowledge Management Debates? The key Challenges for Managing Khaled Algahtani, Suresh 2 18 Knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Renukappa, Subashini Arabia’s Public Sector Organisations Suresh, Saeed Al Nabt, Hani Alamil and Redouane Sarrakh Absorptive Capacity, Explicit and Sofia Almeida, Michelle 3 27 Implicit Knowledge Sharing Practices Lins de Moraes and Ana Within Consortia Cláudia Campos Joining the Green Movement: The Abdalmuttaleb Musleh Al- 4 33 Relationship Between Green Sartawi, Ahmed Al-Afifi, Innovation and Business Sherine Badawi, Allam Performance Hamdan, Sameh Reyad and Abdulsadek Hassan Elshaker The Impact of Interpersonal Trust on Hafsa Amrani and Salah 5 41 Knowledge Sharing: The Case of the Koubaa Moroccan Craft Sector

i Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No BBO: BPMN 2.0 Based Ontology for Amina Annane, Nathalie 5 49 Business Process Representation Aussenac-Gilles and Mouna Kamel Knowledge Sharing Through Social Muhammad Arif, Miguel 6 60 Media and its Impact on Student Baptista Nunes, Nasim Creativity Qaisar and Saima Kanwal The Awareness of Information Acts Joel Arthur 7 69 to Improve Students’ Knowledge on Managing Personal Information Using Information Generated by Joel Arthur 8 77 Health Apps to Increase Personal Health and Fitness Knowledge Whistleblowing and Mindful Bjørn Tallak Bakken, Åse 9 84 Organizing in High-Risk Organizations Storhaug Hole, Anne Oline Haugen and Per Olav Lund Health Knowledge Management: a Luciana Aparecida 10 93 Longitudinal Analysis of the Period Barbieri da Rosa, Helenise From 1998 to 2018 Silva Ambrós, Maria Carolina Martins Rodrigues, Vanderléia Leal Losekann and Larissa Cristina Barbieri Experiential Learning in Surinder Batra, Gunjan 11 103 Management : A Malhotra and Ruchi Payal Knowledge Management Perspective High Knowledge Level for an Galina Belyakova, Elina 12 111 Innovation Cluster Environment Stepanova and Evgeniy Formation in the Russian Federation Zabuga The Pyramid Principle of New Marco Bettoni and Eddie 13 122 Collaboration: Inner Workings of the Obeng Process of Collaboration

ii Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Towards a Comprehensive Catalin Bidian and Max 13 132 Knowledge Continuity Management Evans Framework Citizenship Knowledge Acquisition in Evandro Bocatto and 14 142 Local Governments: The Eloisa Perez-de-Toledo Participatory Budgeting Process “CoMod” A Model to Support Karsten Böhm and 15 151 Collaboration and Innovation Christian Paul Between Digital Innovation Labs and SMEs Imperfect Knowledge, Fake Ettore Bolisani, Jorge 16 160 Knowledge, Counter Knowledge: Cegarra-Sánchez, Juan- Case Studies and Institutional Gabriel Cegarra-Navarro Countermeasures and Eva Martínez Caro Knowledge Management in SMEs in Wiktor Bołkunow 17 168 Poland in Comparison to big Corporations: Pilot Study An Agile Knowledge Sharing Platform Lucas Peter Brasen, Oliver 18 176 for Risk Management in SMEs Fuglsang Grooss, Rasmus Tange Præstegaard, Pernille Clausen and Torben Tambo A Strategic View on the Knowledge Constantin Bratianu 19 185 Dynamics Models Used in Knowledge Management Boundary Objects as Facilitators of Rosanna Butters and Meri 20 193 Knowledge Transfer in Project Based Duryan Organisations Return on Expectations: An Barry Byrne 21 201 Academic Assessment of a Large KM Project Knowledge Sharing and Innovation: Delio Ignacio Castaneda 21 211 Systematic Review and Sergio Cuellar

iii Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Towards a Conceptual Framework Piera Centobelli, Roberto 22 219 for Assessing KMSs Adoption Cerchione and Emilio Esposito Understanding Effective Knowledge Hui Chen, Jose Miguel 23 227 Sharing by IT Professionals in Baptista Nunes, Gillian Chinese Social Networks Ragsdell and Gaohui Cao Knowledge Management Process Imane Chikhi and Hafida 24 238 Through a Cloud Computing Based Bouarfa Approach Knowledge Sharing Behaviour Hao-Fan Chumg, Louise 25 248 Among Academics in Chinese Cooke, Jonathan Seaton Universities and Ling Cao Knowledge Transfers Between Gregory Curda and Knut 26 254 Academia and the Creative Industry Ingar Westeren Properties Evaluation Research Daniel Demidenko, 27 262 Efficiency Based on R & D Multiplier Ekaterina Malevskaia- Malevich and Julia Dubolazova Knowledge Sharing in an Agile Souâd Demigha and 27 267 Organization Radwan Kharabsheh A Review of Expert Involvement in Wafeequa Dinath 28 278 Developing mHealth Applications for Diabetes Self-Management Adolescents Using Mobile Health Wafeequa Dinath and 29 286 Applications for the Management of Martie Mearns Diabetes Defining What is Learned: Challenges Anandasivakumar 30 295 in Continuous Learning and Ekambaram and Andreas Improvement Økland Exploring Knowledge Creation and Enis Elezi 31 303 Absorption in Higher Education Partnerships

iv Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No The Impact of the Employer's Brand Pedro Manuel do Espírito 32 312 Image on Knowledge Sharing Santo, Vítor Hugo Santos Ferreira and Alzira Maria Ascensão Marques The Role of Employee Relations Mohamed Essa and Rami 33 321 Management in Improving Employee Abu Wadi Performance Designing a Tool to Assess Florian Fahrenbach, 33 328 Professional Competences: Alexander Kaiser, Florian Theoretical Foundations and Kragulj and Clemens Potential Applications Kerschbaum The Perspective of Human Resource Elisa Figueiredo, Leonor 34 336 Management Practices as Pais and Lisete Mónico Determinants of Knowledge Management Processes How to Measure Tacit Knowledge: Ilja Frissen, Max Evans 35 344 Lessons From 35 Years of and Anthony Wensley Psychological Research The Effects of Social Capital’s Rosangela Fritscher 36 352 Relational Dimension on Tacit and Santos and Mírian Oliveira Explicit Knowledge Sharing A Framework Integrating Technical, Josef Gammel, Gennadiy 37 361 Social and Managerial Aspects of Koltun, Johan Buchholz, Effective Knowledge Management Tobias Drewlani, Juliane Wissel, Christoph Hollauer, Katharina Kugler, Michael Zaggl and Birgit Vogel-Heuser Knowledge Management, Strategic Daniele Giampaoli, Selena 38 371 Decision-Making, Intuition and Aureli and Massimo Planning Effectiveness Ciambotti Knowledge Management, Daniele Giampaoli, 39 381 Intellectual Capital and Innovation Francesca Sgrò and Performance in Italian SMEs Massimo Ciambotti

v Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Generations X and Y in the Labour Veronika Gigalová and 40 390 Market in the Czech Republic Nikol Naňáková Knowledge Management and Radu Godina, Inês A. 41 398 Additive Manufacturing Technology: Ferreira, Inês Brás Pedro A Literature Review Espadinha-Cruz, Florinda Matos Management of Employee Marek Goliński and Marek 42 405 Competencies in Resource Miądowicz Management of an Enterprise Psychosocial Conditions for Tiago Gonçalves, 43 415 Knowledge Sharing in Healthcare Curado and Andrea Balle Research Centers: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Organizing Training in the Context of Natalia Goncharova 44 425 Changing the Russian Pension System Knowledge Management for Human Magdalena Graczyk- 45 434 Resources:Profile of a Generation Z Kucharska Employee Agile Mechanism as a Driver for Elizaveta Gromova 46 443 Generating Knowledge in Industry Does External Knowledge Acquisition Solomon Gyamfi and Jan 46 449 aid Innovation Performance in Stejskal Firms? Exploring the Challenges and Omid Haass and Neda 47 458 Solutions for Knowledge Sharing: A Azizi Conceptual Framework Exploring Framework for University- Irina-Emily Hansen, Ola 48 471 Industry Innovation Projects: Jon Mork and Torgeir Building Collaborative Knowledge Welo Platform Managing Personal Knowledge: Are Ragna Kemp Haraldsdottir 49 480 Award-Winners Doing Better?

vi Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Do Patents Matter? High-Technology Harold Harlow 50 489 Patent Filers Business Performance Over Five Years (2011-2015) Knowledge Sharing Intention: Irwan Shahrani Hassan, 51 497 Attitudes and Workplace Emotions Zabeda Abdul Hamid and at a Bank in Malaysia Azura Omar Back Pain: Lost Productivity, Andrew Hatch and 52 506 Associated Costs and a Solution Eduardo Tomé Person-Centered Healthcare in Ann-Therese Hedqvist and 53 514 Coordinated Care Planning With Ann Svensson Video Conference: Nurses’ Perspective The Persistence of Omniscience in Conor Horan and John 54 521 Knowledge Management: Finch Implications for Future Research Knowledge Assets and Savanah Hughes, Scott 55 528 Competitiveness in Fashion Erickson and Helen Industries Rothberg Human Capital Mobility and Henri Hussinki and Mika 56 534 Disruption of an Organization’s Vanhala Social Capital The Ongoing Professional Education Marina Ivanova and 57 541 of Civil Servants in Russia and Other Dmitry Negashev Countries: A Comparative Analysis Strategies for Knowledge Haddy Jallow, Suresh 58 550 Management in the UK Construction Renukappa, Subashini Industry: Benefits and Challenges Suresh and Ahmed Alneyadi Benchmarking Knowledge Kristina Risom Jespersen 59 556 Production Capabilities in Organizations

vii Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No The Dynamics of Societal and Birgit Helene Jevnaker 59 565 Corporate Ideas: The Knowledge and Johan Olaisen Work Design of the Future The Dynamics of art and Business Birgit Helene Jevnaker 60 574 Knowledge as Meaning and Johan Olaisen

Exploring Underlying Causes of Tao Jin and Meihua Chen 61 584 Cross-National Differences in Intellectual Property Ethics: A Concept-Map Knowledge Management in the UK Andrew Kamunda, Suresh 62 593 Water Industry Renukappa and Subashini Suresh Exploring Knowledge Sharing Saima Kanwal, Miguel 63 601 Practices in Higher Education: A Baptista Nunes and Pakistani Perspective Muhammad Arif Capturing and Sharing Intangible Marcela Katuščáková, Eva 64 612 Cultural Heritage Through Capková and Juraj Knowledge Visualisation and Grečnár Knowledge Modelling Tools Developing Innovative Training Sithembiso Khumalo 65 620 Material for Novice Knowledge Portal Users A User‘s Perspective on Sithembiso Khumalo and 66 629 Implementing SharePoint for Martie Mearns Knowledge-Sharing and Collaboration in Retail Supporting Communities of Practice Kathrin Kirchner, Rasmus 67 638 by Enterprise Social Platforms: The Jørgensen, Ettore Bolisani Case of an Engineering Company and Enrico Scarso

viii Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No In Search of Sustainability Beate Klingenberg and 68 648 Knowledge: How Organizations Helen Rothberg Manage Sustainability Knowledge - A Literature Review Benchmarking as a Tool for Vladimir Kokh, Elena 69 656 Modernizing Industrial Enterprises Tkachenko, Olga Samovarova and Alina Osipenko Organizational IT Competency, Wioleta Kucharska and 69 665 Knowledge Workers and Knowledge Scott Erickson Sharing Theoretical Analysis on the Effect of Tatiana Kudryavtseva, 70 672 Digitalization on the Labor Market Angi Skhvediani and Valeriia Arteeva

Volume 2 The Knowledge we Have and Share: Susana Almeida Lopes, 71 681 How Much Does it Matter to Botelho and Marta Performance? Conceição

Training Meetings: Not Mere Palmira Lopez-Fresno and 72 691 Knowledge Sharing Perceived Taina Savolainen Socialising Function and Trust Differences in Communication Skills Marlene Loureiro and Rui 73 700 Between Business, Economics and Silva Management University Students Competitive Intelligence Skills and Kagiso Mabe, Ntokozo 74 708 Capabilities Required From CI Sibeko, Tebogo Morake Practitioners in South Africa and Lerato Nkadimeng Defining Knowledge Management Kagiso Mabe, Kim 75 716 Skills and Capabilities Required by Moabelo, Bonolo Modise Organisations in South Africa and Charity Khoza

ix Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Gamifying the Product Quality Ricardo Pateiro Marcão, 75 724 Reviews in the Pharmaceutical Gabriel Pestana and Maria Industry José Sousa Emotional and Spiritual Capitals: Ana Martins and Isabel 77 732 Linchpins for Organizational Martins Sustainability Knowledge Geography: Human Andrey Mikhaylov, 77 738 Geography Approach to Measuring Tatyana Yu Kuznetsova Regional Divergence of Knowledge and Irina Yu. Peker Capital Knowledge Sharing at the University: Ludmila Mládková 78 746 Two Perspectives Does HRM Matter for KM? Samuel Monteiro and 79 754 Preliminary Insights From a Leonor Pais Systematic Literature Review Knowledge Acquisition Through Yukiko Murakami 80 764 Personal Networks: Influences of Geographical Distance and tie Strength Assessing the Impact of Virtual Olga Nadezhina and 81 773 Mobility on the Formation of Human Ekaterina Avduyevskaia Capital Supply Chain Metrics: An Rodney Naude and 82 779 Improvement Opportunity for the Micheline Naude South African Wine Industry The Role of Knowledge Management Gaby Neumann and Pietro 83 789 in Driving the Application of Industry Evangelista 4.0 in Logistics Towards Automatic Waste Satoshi Nishimura, Kazue 84 797 Treatment Plant Development Based Shibata, Noriaki Shiraishi, on Employee Knowledge Ken Fukuda and Takuichi Nishimura

x Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No The Future of Human Knowledge and Nóra Obermayer and 85 808 Artificial Intelligence Viktória Erika Tóth Making Knowledge Management Johan Olaisen and Oivind 86 815 More Relevant and Creative: A Revang Comparative Study of ECKM Papers The Effects of Knowledge in the Mírian Oliveira, Plínio 87 824 Creation and Sharing of Knowledge Silva Garcia, Fernanda Gomes, Mário Bissani and Carla Curado Sharing of Tacit Knowledge in Márcio Oliveira and Paulo 88 833 Volunteer Portuguese Firefighters Pinheiro Sharing Knowledge Data to Avoid Dan Ophir, Piotr 89 841 and Reduce Disasters Wiśniewski and Doron Greenberg Organizational Change for Luís Pimentel and Paula 90 849 Procedures and Regulation Anjos Implementation: Institutionalizatin Process in a Global/Local Setting Cluster Analysis of the Relationship Evgeny Popov and Maxim 91 860 Between Traditional and Innovation Vlasov Economies Case-Based Reasoning for Marcin Relich 92 869 Knowledge Retrieval in new Product Development Obstacles and Driving Forces in Øivind Revang and Johan 93 877 Virtual Knowledge Sharing: A Case- Olaisen Based Analysis Knowledge Management for tax César Ribeiro 94 885 Purposes and the Ethics of tax Evasion

xi Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Spirituality in Knowledge Raysa Rocha and Paulo 95 892 Management: Systematic Literature Pinheiro Review and Future Studies Suggestions The Matrioskas Sequence: A Carlos Alves Rosa and 96 901 Methodological Approach for Gabriel Pestana Managing Knowledge and Innovation Traditional and new Knowledge and Isabel Salavisa and Maria 97 909 Practices in the Food System de Fátima Ferreiro Transition Stakeholder Theory, Intellectual Adel Sarea, Abdulsadek 98 916 Capital and Risk Sharing: Proposed Hassan Elshaker, Zakir Framework Hossen Shaikh, Amir Imeri, Sutan Hidayat and Abdalmuttaleb Musleh Al- Sartawi Knowledge Management Ulrich Schmitt 99 923 Decentralization as a Disruptive Innovation and General-Purpose- Technology Personal Knowledge Management Muhammad Shujahat, 100 933 and Knowledge Worker Productivity Shahid Razzaq, Minhong in the Healthcare Sector Wang and Susanne Durst Knowledge Management and Staff Susana Silva, Cândida 101 941 Turnover in the Hospitality Industry Silva and Dora Martins Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Philip William Sisson and 102 949 Objectives: A Template for Primary Thomas Mazzuchi School KM Education The use of Export Trading Knowledge Lisa Soon Phoebe Chen, 103 958 Donald Kerr and Campbell Fraser Digital and Innovation Policies in the Maria José Sousa, Alvaro 104 967 Health Sector Rocha and Miguel Sousa

xii Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Construction of Inter-Organisational Trine Marie Stene 105 978 Partnerships in the Public Sector Dynamic Knowledge Sharing Within Lukas Stepanek, Suzanne 105 987 Functional Uses of Substances, Elayan and Martin Sykora Products and Practices Innovation Capabilities in Banking: Fred Strønen, Vilde Holtar 106 998 The Case of Norwegian Mobile Rønning and Karl Joachim Payment Breunig Threefold Nature of Competences in Maciej Szafrański 107 1006 Enterprise Management: A Qualitative Model Knowledge Management in Clare Thornley, Shane 108 1016 Academic Industry Collaborations: McLoughlin and Kalpana How to Best Foster Innovation Shankar Capability? Application of KM Techniques in the Elena Tkachenko, Elena 109 1023 Assessment Competences in High- Rogova, Sergey Bodrunov Tech Industries and Alexander Karlik Knowledge Management in Practice: Eduardo Tomé 110 1033 Context, Interventions and Outcomes The Peace Process in Colombia: A Laura Torres Enk, Vanessa 111 1043 Knowledge Management Approach Cano Mejía, Diana Gómez Santamaría and Juan David Arias Suárez Communities of Practice: Towards a Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay 112 1053 Knowledge Management Application in Work Context Big-Data, Knowledge Capturing and Jiro Usugami and Robert 113 1061 Service Improvement Related to Walker Inbound Tourism

xiii Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Intellectually-Oriented Consulting for Оlga Аleksandrovna 114 1069 Financial Function in the era of Valebnikova, Natalia Technology and Digitalization Viktorovna Valebnikova and Olga Vladimirovna Kalinina Management of Knowledge Maxim Vlasov and 115 1079 Generation Risk: Empirical Research Svetlana Panikarova of the Industrial Enterprises The Emergence - and Collapse - of Tone Vold and Hanne 116 1086 Results From Knowledge Haave Management Initiatives: A Case Study From Norway How to Develop and Implement a Tone Vold and Hanne 117 1091 Bottom up KM Initiative in all Levels Haave of a Department in an Organization Application of TOPSIS Method for Janusz Wielki, Magdalena 117 1096 Evaluation of IT Application in the Jurczyk-Bunkowska and Hospital Dariusz Madera IT Application Evaluation at the Janusz Wielki, Magdalena 119 1105 University Clinical Hospital in Opole: Jurczyk-Bunkowska and Criteria Selection and Classification Dariusz Madera Establishing a Framework for Ali Zahrawi 120 1114 Knowledge Management in a Higher Education Institution Using a Blog and Text Mining to Antonio Carlos Zambon, 121 1123 Evaluate Knowledge Construction Plínio Roberto Souza Vilela, Gisele Busichia Baioco and Fabrício Talarico Knowledge Sharing, Absorptive Gabriela Zanandrea, 121 1133 Capacity and Innovation in the Cristiane Froehlich, Brazilian Apple Production Chain Claudia Cristina Bitencourt and Maria Emilia Camargo

xiv Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Finding and Filling Lacunas in Igor Zatsman 122 1143 Knowledge Systems Knowledge Exchange Between KIBS Malgorzata Zieba, Ettore 123 1152 Firms and Their Clients: Case Study Bolisani, and Enrico Analysis Scarso Phd Research Papers 125 1161 Modelling the Interactive Influence Henry Anderson Junior 127 1163 of Intellectual Capital Indicators and Jan Stejskal Science-With-Business: Improving Tânia Carraquico and 128 1173 Innovation and Competitiveness in Florinda Matos SMEs Inclusiveness in Healthcare: Marisol Hurtado Illanes 129 1182 Knowledge Ecosystems Innovation in Oncology and Chronic Disease Simulation in the Area of Anesthesia Stéphanie Monteiro and 130 1193 for Training of Health Professionals João Sanches Improving Efficiency in Organizations Tiago Nascimento and 131 1197 by Monitoring Stress and Promoting Gabriel Pestana Awareness and Wellbeing at the Workplace Tensions in University-Industry Nkechinyem Omeife and 132 1205 Relationships: Dynamics for Conor Horan Knowledge Transfer Masters Research Papers 133 1213 An Investigation of the Relationship Hoda Awada 135 1215 Between Organizational Structure, tie Strength and Tacit Knowledge Sharing Performance Evaluation Factors for Vanessa Graça, Jorge 136 1224 Better Organizational Performance: Simões and Ruben Case Study in the Health Sector Loureiro

xv Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No Work In Progress Papers 137 1229 Knowledge Management in Smart John Israilidis, Kayode 139 1231 City Development: A Systematic Odusanya and Review Muhammad Mazhar

Late Submission 141

Managing Knowledge in 21st Madeleine Block 143 century: in the first knowledge economy? Abstracts Only 145 Hospitals Knowledge Management Sara Antunes and Eduardo 147 Failures: Portuguese Case Tome Construction of a Knowledge Graph Danyu Bao and Shujin Cao 148 Within a Textile Manufacturer: An Exploratory Case Study Knowledge Acquisition Through Hui Chen and Yuan Cai 149 Informal Learning on Social Media: the Case of Sina-Weibo Micro-Blog A Knowledge-Driven Archive Services Hui Chen and Xiaoxiao 150 Based on the Internet of Things Wang

Using Knowledge Cafés to Share Desirée Cranfield 151 Teaching Best Practice Within Higher Education: A Case Study Training as a Transformative and Palmira Lopez-Fresno 151 Social Constructivism Process for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals Towards Developing an Ethical Shane McLoughlin, Clare 152 Model for Knowledge Management Thornley and Kalpana in Industry/Academic Collaborations Shankar

xvi Paper Title Author(s) Guide Page No No An Analysis of Implementation of KM Gregorio Perez-Arrau 153 Initiatives in Organizations in Chile Between 2015-2019 Virtual Communities of Practice Nuno Pestana, Didia Cruz 154 (VCoP), a Digital Knowledge and Inês Vidigueira Management Transformation in an Energy Company Mintzberg Revisited: Does Tone Vold and Ole Jørgen 155 Digitalization Demand a Different Ranglund Model? Chinese Local State Owned Hongshu Wang 156 Enterprises‘ Post-Acquisition Knowledge Integration From Overseas: An Explorative Case Study Additional Materials 159 Participant List 161 Google Scholar The Importance of Paper 173 citations and Google Scholar About ACPI 175 Jotter Page Blank Paper for notes 181

xvii Preface

These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 20th European Conference on Knowledge Management (ECKM 2019), hosted by Universidade Europeia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal on 5–6 September 2019. The Conference Chair is Dr. Eduardo Tomé and the Programme Chairs are Dr. Francisco Cesário and Dr. Raquel Reis Soares, all from Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal.

ECKM is now a well-established event on the academic research calendar and now in its 20th year the key aim remains the opportunity for participants to share ideas and meet the people who hold them. The scope of papers will ensure an interesting two days. The subjects covered illustrate the wide range of topics that fall into this important and ever-growing area of research.

The opening keynote presentation is given by Dr. Aino Kianto, from LUT University, on the topic of Contingencies and complexities of the knowledge- performance relationship. Then an afternoon keynote will be given by Prof. Anthony Wensley, the University of Toronto Mississauga, on the subject The future of KM at the Macro and Micro Level. The second day of the conference will open with an address by Mark Davies, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal, who will talk about Trust in Business Relationships.

With an initial submission of 275 abstracts, after the double blind, process there are 135 Academic research papers, 6 PhD research papers, 2 Masters Research papers and 1 work-in-progress paper published in these Conference Proceedings. These papers represent research from, , Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Ireland Israel, Italy, Japan, Jourdan, Malaysia Morocco, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain Sweden, Switzerland, , UAE, UK and USA. We hope you enjoy the conference.

Dr. Eduardo Tomé

Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal 5 September 2019

xviii ECKM Committee

Conference Committee Mahmoud Abdelrahman, Manchester Business School, UK; Prof. Rute Abreu, Guarda Polytechnc Institute, Portugal; Adriana Agapie, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania; Dr. Abdallah Al-Shawabkeh, University of Greenwich, UK; Dr. Ali Alawneh, Philadelphia University, Jordan; Dr Peggy Alexopoulou, Loughborough University, UK; Albena Antonova, Sofia University, Bulgaria; Dr. Nekane Aramburu, University Of Deusto, San Sebastian, Spain; Dr Pierre-Emmanuel Arduin, Paris-Dauphine University, France; Prof. Oscar Arias Londono, Institucion Universitaria de Envigado, Colombia; Prof Artemenko , National technical university of Ukraine Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute , Ukraine; Dr. Derek Asoh, "Ministry of Government Services, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Carlo Bagnoli, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy; Dr. Tabarak Ballal, The University of Reading, UK; Dr. Joan Ballantine, University of Ulster, UK; Prof Neeta Baporikar, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia; Dr Shahnaz Bashir , University of the West of Scotland , Scotland; Dr. Ramona Bastida, Universitat, Internacional de Catalunya, Spain; Dr. Fabio Batista, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brazil; Prof. Dr. Aurelie Aurilla Bechina Arnzten, College University of Bruskerud, Norway; Prof. Julie Béliveau, University of Sherbrooke, Canada; Prof Andrea Bencsik, Szechenyi Istvan University, Hungary; Dr. David Benmahdi, Université de Lorraine, France; Dr. Jasmina Berbegal, Universitat, Internacional de Catalunya, Spain; Prof Roheet Bhatnagar, Manipal University Jaipur, India; Heather Bircham-Connolly, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand; Dr. Claudia Bitencourt, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos , Brazil; Nicole Bittel, Swiss Distance University of Applied , Switzerland; Dr Madeleine Block, University Bielefeld, Germany; Pavel Bogolyubov, Lancaster University Management School, UK; Prof. Karsten Böhm, University of Applied Sciences, Kufstein, Austria; Dr. Ettore Bolisani, , Vicenza, Italy; Prof. Lonel Bostan , University of Iasi, Romania; Prof. Constantin Bratianu, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Dr. Antonio Juan Briones, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain; Prof. Elisabeth Brito, , ESTGA, Portugal; Prof Robert Buchmann, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj Napoca, Business Information Systems Department, Romania; Prof Sheryl Buckley, Unisa, South Africa; Dr. Acma Bulent, Anadolu University, Turkey; Ass. Prof. Sladjana Čabrilo, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Prof. Maria Cabrita, FCT/UNL, Portugal; Dr. Dagmar Caganova, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia; Dr. Gabriel Cepeda Carrion, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain; Dr. Daniela , University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; Dr. Juan-Gabriel Cegarra-Navarro, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain; Dr Chandresh Chhatlani, JRN Rajasthan Vidyapeeth University, India; Prof George Chiladze, The University of Georgia, Georgia; Dr Koteshwar Chirumalla, Malardalen University, Sweden; Dr. Pieris Chourides, European University Cyprus, Cyprus; Dr Ritesh Chugh, Central Queensland University, Australia; Expert Technologist Maria Laura Clemente, CRS4, Italy; Assc Diego Costa-Fernandes, Planetary Collaboration, Switzerland; Assistent professor PhD Cosmulese Cristina Gabriela, “Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Romania, Romania; Dr. Bruce Cronin, University of Greenwich Business School, UK; Anikó Csepregi, University of Pannonia, Hungary; Roberta Cuel, University Of Trento, Italy; Prof. Marina Dabic, Nottingham Trent University, UK; Dr

xix Francesca Dal Mas, University of Rome/University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy; Dr. Ben Daniel, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Prof. Monica De Carolis, University of Calabria, Italy; Dr. Souad Demigha, Univ Paris 1 Sorbonne And Univ Paris 11 Orsay, France; Dr. Mihaela Diaconu, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Romania; Prof Laura Diaconu Maxim, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Romania; Dr Natalia Dneprovskaya, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Россия; Zeta Dooly, Waterford Institute of Technology , Ireland; Dr. Yan Qing Duan, Luton Business School, University of Luton, UK; Nasser Easa, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK; Sally Eaves, Aston Business School, UK; Prof. John Edwards, Aston Business School, UK; Dr. Anandasivakumar Ekambaram, SINTEF, Norway; Dr Ramadan Elaiess, University of Benghazi, Libya; Dr. Steve Eldridge, Manchester Business School, UK; Isaac Enakimio, University of Greenwich/Kent and Medway Health Informatics, USA; Dr. Scott Erickson, Ithaca University, USA; Mercy Escalante, Sao Paulo University, Brazil; Dr. Mansour Esmaeil Zaei, Panjab University, India; Dr. Iancu Eugenia, Stefan cel Mare University, Romania; Prof Max Evans, McGill University, Canada; Dr Kadigia Faccin, Unisinos University, Brazil; Nima Fallah, University of Strasbourg, France; Dr. Doron Faran, Ort Braude College, Israel; Dr. Péter Fehér, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary; Dr. Vitor Ferreira, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal; Pedro Ferreira, University Portucalense, Portugal; Prof. Elisa Figueiredo, Guarda Polytechnic Institute, Portugal; Dr. Silvia Florea, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania; Dr. Terrill Frantz, Peking Univerisity HSBC Business School, China; Prof Ilja Frissen, McGill University, Canada; Dr Marzena Fryczynska, Warsaw School of Econimics, Poland; Dr. Andras Gabor, Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration, Hungary; Alexeis Garcia-Perez, Coventry University, UK and IAKM, UK; Dr. Andrea Garlatti, Udine University, Italy; Elli Georgiadou, Middlesex University, UK; Dr. Lilia Georgieva, Heriot-Watt University, UK; Dr Apostolos (Paul) Giannakopoulos, University of South Africa, South Africa; Prof. Secundo Giustina, , Italy; Dr. Daniel Glauber, KMAG, USA; Gerald Guan Gan Goh, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia; Dr. Miguel Gonzalez-Loureiro, University of Vigo, Spain; Dr. Loganathan Narayansamy Govender, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa; Francesca Grippa, Scuola Superiore ISUFI, University of Salento, Italy; Norbert Gronau, University of Potsdam, Germany; Prof Veronica Grosu, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania; David Gurteen, Gurteen Associates, UK; Dr. Robert Gutounig, FH JOANNEUM - University of Applied Sciences, sterreich; Dr. Leila Halawi, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USA; Linda Cathrine Hald, NTNU, Norway; Prof. Meliha Handzic, International Burch University , Bosnia and Herzegovina; Dr. Harold Harlow, Wingate Univeristy, USA; Dr. Liliana Hawrysz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland; Dr. Ciara Heavin, University College Cork, UK; Dr. Peter Heisig, Leeds University Business School, UK; Dr Ionut Viorel Herghiligiu, "Gheorghe Asachi"Technical University of Iasi, România; Dr. Ali Hessami, Vega Systems Ltd., UK; Dr Conor Horan, Technological University Dublin, Ireland; Dr. Eli Hustad, University of Agder, Norway; Assoc Prof. (PhD. Eng.) Katarzyna Hys, Opole University of Technology, Poland; Dr. Thomas Jackson, Loughborough University, UK; Dr. Harri Jalonen, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland; Prof. Brigita Janiunaite, Kaunas University of Tehnology, Lithuania; Dr. Daniel Jimenez, Universidad de Murcia, Spain; Prof. Palimra Juceviciene, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania; Prof. Robertas Jucevicius, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania; Dr. Magdalena Jurczyk-Bunkowska, Opole University of Technology, Poland; Dr Selvi Kannan, Victoria University, Australia; Dr. Silva Karkoulian, Lebanese xx American University Beirut Campus, Lebanon; Dr. Sarinder Kaur Kashmir Singh, University Malaya, Malaysia; Eden Kassa, George Mason University, USA; PhD Hys Katarzyna, Opole University of Technology, Poland; Dr. Marcela Katuščáková, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences of the Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia; Prof. Dr. Turksel Kaya Bensghir, TODAIE - Public Administration Institute for Turkey and the Middle East, Turkey; Dr. Radwan Kharabsheh, Applied Science University, East Al-Ekir,, Kingdom of Bahrain; Dr. Prof. Aino Kianto, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Monika Klimontowicz, University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; Ute Klotz, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Switzerland; Ass. Prof. Dr. Jaroslava Kubatova, Palacky University, Czech Republic; Rongbin W.B Lee, The HongKong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Prof. Dr. Franz Lehner, University of Passau, Germany; Jeanette Lemmergaard, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Dr Regina Lenart-Gansiniec, Jagiellonian University, Polska; Dr. Ramona-Diana Leon, National School of Political Science and Public Administration, Romania; Elizabeth Lex, Graz University of Technology, Graz,, Austria; Prof. Ilidio Lopes, Polythenic Institute of Santarém, Portugal; Dr. Palmira Lopez-Fresno, Unnversity of East of Finland, Finland; Prof. Eugenio Lucas, Instituto Politcnico de Leiria, Portugal; Dr Teodoro Macaraeg, University of Caloocan City, Philippines; Dr Łukasz Mach, Opole University of Technology, Poland; Dr. Maria de Lourdes Machado-Taylor, CIPES, Portugal; Miss Naheed Malik, University of Manchester, UK; Avain Mannie, Dept of Finance, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Prof. Virginia Maracine, of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Dr Frederic Marimon, Universitat Internacional ed Catalunya, Spain; Prof. Carla Susana Marques, University of Tr s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal; Dr Eva Martínez-Caro, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain; Prof Isabel Martins, University of KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa; Prof Ana Martins, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Prof. Antonio Martins, Universidade Aberta, Portugal; Prof Dora Martins, ISCAP, Portugal; Dr Łukasz Marzantowicz, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland; Dr. Marta Mas-Machuca, Universitat, Internacional de Catalunya, Spain; Prof. Maurizio Massaro, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy; Fiona Masterson, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Florinda Matos, ISCTE-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal; Rodney McAdam, Ulster Business School, University of Ulster, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK,; Prof. Jane McKenzie, Henley Business School, UK; Mr Mohd Shamsuri Md Saad, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia; Dr. Robert Mellor, Kingston University, UK; Prof. Dr. Kai Mertins, Fraunhofer-IPK, Germany; Dr. Anabela Mesquita, School of Accounting and Administration of Porto (ISCAP) / Politechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), Portugal; Prof. Stefano Miani, Udine University, Italy; Dr. Antonio Leal Millan, Universidad de Seville, Spain; Dr Clemente Minonne, Institute for Innovation and Technology Management, Switzerland; Dr. Hugo Arnoldo Mitre-Hern ndez, CIMAT - Research Centre in Mathematica, Mexico; Ludmila Mládková, University of Economics Prague, Czech Republic; Dr. Sandra Moffett, University of Ulster, Londonderry, UK; Prof. Samuel Monteiro, University of Beira Interior, Portugal; Dr Shima Moradi, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Iran; Dr. Mahmoud Moradi, University of Guilan, Iran; Prof. Oliver Moravcik, Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia; Prof. Mieczysaw Morawski, Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland; Prof. Andrea Moretti, Udine University, Italy; Aboubakr Moteleb, B2E Consulting, UK; Prof. Dr. Pedro Mucharreira, ISCE - Instituto Superior de Ciências Educativas, UIDEF, Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Dr. Mary Muhenda, Uganda Management Institute, Uganda; Aroop Mukherjee, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Dr Cecilia Murcia-Rivera, EAFIT University, xxi Colombia; Dr. Birasnav Muthuraj, New York Institute of Technology, Bahrain; Arash Najmaei, MGSM, Australia; Dr. Irina Neaga, School of Management (Plymouth Business School) Plymouth University, UK; Dr. Gaby Neumann, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Germany; Dr. Emanuela Alia Nica, Center for Ethics and Health Policy (CEPS) and University "Petre Andrei" Iasi, Romania; Klaus North, Wiesbaden Business School., Germany; Dr. Miguel Nunes, Sun Yat-sen University, China; Dr. Nora Obermayer, University of Pannonia, Hungary; Dr Małgorzata Okręglicka, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland; Gary Oliver, University of Sydney, Australia; Dr. Ivona Orzea, Academy of Economic Studies, Romania; Prof. Leonor Pais, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Dr. Kaushik Pandya, Sheffield Business School, City Campus, UK; Dr. Dan Paulin, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; Jan Pawlowski, University of Jyväskylä, Austria; Dr Loo Geok Pee, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Dr. Corina Pelau, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Dr Marta Pérez-Pérez, University of Cantabria, España; Monika Petraite, New York Institute of Technology, Lithuania; Prof Rui Pimenta, P. PORTO - ESS, Portugal; Prof. Paulo Pinheiro, Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal; Prof. Mário Pinto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal; Prof. Selwyn Piramuthu, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA; Dr Iwona Pisz, Opole University, Poland; Dr. Gerald Polesky, IBM., Phoenix, USA; Dr. John Politis, Darwin University, Australia; Dr. Stavros Ponis, National Technical University Athens, Greece; Dr Srinivas Prasad, GMRIT, India; Prof. Asta Pundzienė, Kaunas University of Technology , Lithuania; Dr. Devendra Punia, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, India; Dr. Gillian Ragsdell, Loughborough University, UK; Prof. Thurasamy Ramayah, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia; Dr. M S Rawat, DCAC, University of Delhi, India; Prof. Elizabeth Real de Oliveira, Universidades Lus ada, Portugal; Andrea Reid, Department of Business and Enterprise, UUBS, Belfast,, UK; Prof. Dr. Ulrich Reimer, University of Applied Science St. Gallen, Switzerland; Dr. Marcin Relich, University of Zielona Gora, Poland; Gerold Riempp, EBS, Germany; Dr Eduardo Rigoni, Unisinnos University, Brazil; Paula Rodrigues, Lus ada University Porto, Portugal; Dr. Eduardo Rodriguez, IQ Analytics, Ottawa, Canada; Mr Timothy Rutt, Sheffield Hallam University, UK; Dr. Josune Sáenz, University of Deusto, San Sebastián, Spain; Prof. Lili Saghafi, Canadian International College, Egypt; Mustafa Sagsan, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; Prof Abdel-Badeeh Salem, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Egypt; Dr. Kalsom Salleh, Faculty of Accountancy, University Technology MARA, Malaysia; Dr. María- Isabel Sanchez-Segura, Carlos III University of Madrid, Spain; Dr. Antonio Sandu, Mihail Kogalniceanu University, Romania; Ass. Prof. Dr. Sebastian Saniuk, University of Zielona Gora, Poland; Dr. Anna Saniuk, University of Zielona Gora, Poland; Jose Santos, School of Computing and Intelligent Systems of the University of Ulster, Belfast, UK; Prof. Helena Santos-rodrigues, IPVC, Portugal; Prof. Dan Savescu, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania; Dr. Ousanee Sawagvudcharee, Liverpool John Moores University, Thailand; Dr. Golestan Hashemi Sayed Mahdi, Iranian Research Center for Creanovatology, TRIZ & Innovation Science, Iran; Enrico Scarso , Università Degli Studi Di Padova, Italy; Dr. Christian-Andreas Schumann, University of Zwickau, Germany; Prof. Jurgita Sekliuckiene, Kaunas University of Technology , Lithuania; Dr Ana María Serrano-Bedia, University of Cantabria, Spain; Amani Shajera, University of Bahrain, Bahrain; Dr. Mehdi Shami Zanjani, University of Tehran, Iran; Dr Armin Shams, Sharif University of Technology, Iran; Peter Sharp, Regent’s University London, UK; Prof. Umesh Kumar Singh, Vikram University, Ujjain, India; Dave Snowden, Cognitive Edge, Singapore; Dr. Siva Sockalingam, Glasgow School for xxii Business and Society, UK; Dr Lew Sook Ling , Multimedia University , Malaysia; Dr Maria Jos Sousa, Universidade Europeia, Portugal; Dr. Inga Stankevice, Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania; Mr Erik Steinhoefel, Fraunhofer IPK, Germany; Dr. Trine Marie Stene, SINTEF, Norway; Prof. Dr. Marta-Christina Suciu, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Dr Sanath Sukumaran, Taylor's University, Malaysia; Dr. Ann Svensson, University West, Sweden; Dr Marzena Szewczuk-Stępień, Opole University of Technology, Poland; Dr Christine Nya-Ling Tan, Auckland Institute of Studies, New Zealand; Dr. Llewellyn Tang, University of Nottingham Ningbo , China; Ass. Prof. Dr. Gintare Tautkeviciene, Kaunas University of Technology , Lithuania; Dr. Sara Tedmori, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, UK; Dr. Eduardo Tomé, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon; Dr. Piotr Tomski, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland; Prof Maria Tsakalerou, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan; Dr. Geoff Turner, Park Advisory LLP, UK; Dr. Anna Ujwary-Gil, Wyzsza Szkola Biznesu-National-Louis University, Poland; Prof Tuna Uslu, Istanbul Gedik University, Occupational Health and Safety Program, Türkiye; Dr. Abel Usoro, University of the West of Scotland, UK; Andras Vajkai, University of Pécs, Hungary; Prof José Vale, School of Accounting and Administration of Porto, Portugal; Dr. Changiz Valmohammadi, Islamic Azad University-South Tehran Branch, Iran; Prof. Jose Maria Viedma, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain; Prof Jose Maria Viedma Marti, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain; Vilma Vuori, Tampere University, Finland; John Walton, Sheffield Hallam University, UK; Christine Welch, University of Portsmouth, UK; Anthony Wensley, University of Toronto, Canada; Dr. Sieglinde Weyringer, University of Salzburg, Austria; Dr. Lugkana Worasinchai , Bangkok University, Thailand; Dr. Mohammad Hossein Yarmohammadian, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Dr Sabina Zaremba-Warnke, Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland; Dr. Malgorzata Zieba, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland

xxiii Biographies

Conference and Programme Chairs Dr Eduardo Tomé gained is PhD in Economics (2001), with a Thesis on the European Social Fund. Since then he has worked in several Portuguese private universities. He published 40 papers in peer-reviewed Journals and presented 75 papers in international conferences. He also authored 7 book chapters, He was involved in organising national and international Conferences which he also co-edited the Proceedings and edited four Specials Issues in EJKM, EJTD and IJKBD. Since September 2013 he has worked at Universidade Europeia in Lisbon, Portugal. His main interests are Intangibles (Human Resources, Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital), Social Policy and International Economics (globalization and the European Integration).

Dr. Francisco Cesário has been an Assistant Professor at the European University since 2012 under the scope of the Master's Degree in Human Resource Management and since 2010 Assistant Professor at the ISPA University Institute. He holds a degree in Economics at ISEG / University of Lisbon, MPhil in Business & Management - Specialization Human Resources Management at Middlesex University Business School (UK) and PhD in Labor Sciences at the University of Cadiz (Spain). From 2012 to 2013 he went to the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium) to do a Post Doc integrated in the WOPP-Work, Organization & Personnel Psychology Research Group where he continues as Associate Researcher. Has 10 publications in Scientific Journals and Conference Proceedings, 4 chapters of books and 2 books published. He regularly presents communications at national and international scientific events in the field of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior.

Raquel Reis Soares is Assistant Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Social and Business Sciences at Universidade Europeia Lisbon since September 2016. She has a PhD in Business Sciences with specialization in Marketing and Strategy from the Faculty of Economics of the University of Porto. She holds a Master's degree in Marketing and a degree in Business Management from the Faculty of Economics and Management of Universidade Católica. She belongs to the CSOD - Research

xxiv Center for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics - University of the Algarve and has research interests, conference presentations and international publications in the areas of service marketing, consumer behavior, brand management and communication. In 2014 she received the "Young Service Researcher Award" awarded by the Service Innovation Lab at the University of Canberra at the 5th International Research Symposium in Service Management. At the corporate level, she was active in the banking sector and worked in the area of Management Control.

Key Note Speakers

Professor Mark A.P. Davies graduated from the universities of Nottingham Trent (BA Business Studies), Strathclyde (MSc Marketing), Leeds (PhD, Client-Advertising Agency Relationships), and London Institute of Education (Postgraduate Certificate of Education). He led the dissertation module Preparing and Defending a Doctoral Thesis in the taught Doctor of Business Administration programme, and the Business Research Excellence Framework at Teesside University, leaving as Emeritus Professor in 2017. He has one hundred and thirty academic publications as articles, conference papers, edited works, and books. His professional interests comprise of marketing strategy applications in the creative industries that have included decision support systems, predicting tolerance to service quality issues, and nurturing trust-creation strategies. A firm believer in research-informed teaching – he has worked with a range of international academics across psychology, sociology, and marketing, and delivered across a broad spectrum of marketing modules at all levels. He is currently Co-Editor-In-Chief of Journal of Brand Management, Associate Editor (Marketing) for European Management Review, and recently joined the faculty of IADE, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon. He is the successful co-applicant of two British Academy grants over the last five years and has previously reviewed for the funding bodies ESRC and Carnegie Trust.

Dr. Aino Kianto is Professor of Knowledge Management at the School of Business and Management at LUT University. Her research focuses on knowledge management, intellectual capital, organizational renewal and creativity. Her research on these topics has been published widely (e.g. in Journal of Knowledge Management, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Journal of Business Research, R&D Management, Human Resource Management Journal, and Accounting, Auditing and Accountability

xxv Journal) and acknowledged with several international awards. She is the Associate Editor of VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, and is a member of the editorial board in three other journals.

Anthony Wensley is a Professor at the University of Toronto Mississauga and has recently been re-appointed as Director of the Institute of Communication, Culture, Information and Technology. He has degrees from the University of Cambridge, the University of Surrey, McMaster University, and the University of Waterloo. His academic training includes studies in Philosophy, History of Science, Finance, Operations Management and Artificial Intelligence/Knowledge-based systems. He has been instrumental in the development of innovative undergraduate programs in Communication, Culture, Information and Technology. His research focuses in the design and implementation of digital technologies in the domains of enterprise computing, health care, knowledge management and small business. In recent years he has particularly focused on issues relating to individual and organizational learning and forgetting. He has also written extensively on issues relating to Intellectual Property Law. He is the Executive Editor of Knowledge and Process Management and has published extensively during his career.

Mini Track Chairs

Madeleine Block is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Centre for German and European Studies (CGES) at Bielefeld University, Germany. She is a social working in the field of knowledge management, higher education studies, and business and social sciences-related research.

Constantin Bratianu is Professor Emeritus of Strategic Management and Knowledge Management, UNESCO Department for Business Administration and Founding Director of the Research Center for Intellectual Capital, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania. He has been Visiting Professor at universities in USA, Japan, Austria, Hungary and Egypt. He published over 25 books and 200 papers in international journals and volumes of international conferences. He is Associate Editor of Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, and co-editor of the international journal of Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy. He is a member of the American Academy of Management, Romanian Academy of , and International Association of Knowledge Management.

xxvi His academic interests are: knowledge dynamics, knowledge management, intellectual capital, and strategic management.

Prof Ali Hessami is the Chair and Technical Editor of IEEE’s first global standard “Model Process for addressing Ethical Concerns in System Design”, referred to as P7000. This generic process standard that’s currently in development is aimed at identification, evaluation and protection of ethical human values in products, services and systems.

Florinda Matos holds a PhD in Social Sciences, Organizational Behavior Studies from the Technical University of Lisbon (Portugal). She is a guest professor in Post-Graduate courses at the ISCTE – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa. She is a researcher at DINÂMIA'CET – IUL, Centre for Socioeconomic and Territorial Studies. She is the founder and the president of Intellectual Capital Association (ICAA).

Dr Maria José Sousa (PhD in Management and Post Doc in Digital Learning) is a University Professor and a research fellow of CIEO (Algarve University), BRU-ISCTE/IUL and CIS Universidad de Coimbra. She is a best seller author in ICT and People Management and has co-authored over 50 articles and book chapters and published in several scientific journals (e.g. Journal of Business Research, Information Systems Frontiers, European Planning Studies, I. J. of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management, Knowledge Management, I.J. of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering, and others), she has also organized and peer- reviewed international conferences, and is the guest-editor of five Special Issues from Elsevier and Springer. She has participated in several European projects of innovation transfer and is also External Expert of COST Association - European Cooperation in Science and Technology and President of the ISO/TC 260 – Human Resources Management, representing Portugal in the International Organization for Standardization.

Dr Luís Vilela Pimentel holds a doctorate in management and a master's degree in accounting from ISCTE Business School (ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute). Graduated in Management at ISEG (Technical University of Lisbon) and in Economics (University of Évora). He is Assistant Professor at the School of Social and Business Sciences of the European

xxvii University, where he has taught several subjects in the areas of Financial Management, Management Control, Analytical Accounting, undergraduate and masters (Portuguese and English). He is Coordinator of the Master in Management and the Master in Management and Business Strategy.

Biographies of Contributing Authors

Wala Abdalla is a PhD student at the University of Wolverhampton, UK. Her research focuses on smart cities, knowledge management, and project management, sustainability strategies for competitive advantage, sustainable infrastructure and sustainable development. Currently, Wala is working on various research papers including reasons for developing smart cities projects and their associated challenges.

Zabeda Abdul Hamid is an Assistant Professor attached to the Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia. She has a Masters and PhD degrees in Human Resource Management. Zabeda teaches undergraduate and postgraduate students, conducts research, and supervises in the areas of Knowledge Management, Organisational Behaviour, Management, and Talent Development.

Abdalmuttaleb M.A. Musleh Al-Sartawi is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Electronic Banking (IJEBank). He received his PhD in Accounting, from UBFS. He has chaired as well as served as a member in various editorial boards and technical committees in international refereed journals and conferences.

Henry Junior Anderson is a third year PhD student of the University of Pardubice, Czech Republic. He completed his master’s studies in Public Economics and he in Public and Regional Economics, He is currently writing his dissertation on Public sector role in Technological Innovation.

Amina Annane is a postdoctoral researcher at the Computer Science Research Institute of Toulouse, after obtaining a PhD in Informatics from the University of Montpellier, France in October 2018. She is a member of the MELODI (Methods and Engineering of Languages, Ontologies and DIscours) team and does research on ontologies, business process modelling, and natural language processing.

Juan David Arias Suárez is a researcher and full-time professor of Institución Universitaria Politécnico Grancolombiano, Colombia. He studies his Mg. in Financial and Management Accounting at University of Antioquia. He is Editor in

xxviii chief of the Colombian Journal of Accounting. His main research areas are accounting theory, management accounting, and enviromental accounting.

Dr Muhammad Arif is serving at the School of Information Management Sun Yat- Sen University, China. His area of research is adoption of social media technologies, online information behavior and knowledge sharing. He is also two times winner of international research paper contest organized by Special Interest Group on International Information Issues Association for Information Science & Technology.

Joel Arthur is Lecturer and the Deputy HoD Undergraduate Programmes at the Department of Information and Knowledge Management at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. He received his Master’s in Information ManaFPgement in 2014. His main research areas are Strategic Information Management, Knowledge management, and Information legislation.

Selena Aureli is Assistant Professor of Business Administration at Bologna University, Italy, where she currently teaches Financial Reporting and Business Planning & Control. She has published contributions in academic reviews on performance measurement, business reporting, managerial control and sustainability. She also works as editorial board member for several academic journals.

Hoda Awada is a recent masters graduate from University College London. With the aim of pursuing a PhD and in hope of becoming an academic, Hoda is currently working on research and publishing to strengthen her skills, widen her knowledge base and increase her academic exposure. Additionally, to gain professional experience, Hoda manages her father’s business in Beirut.

Danyu Bao is a postgraduate student in the School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University, China. Her research focuses on user seeking behavior.

Luciana Aparecida Barbieri da Rosa has a Master’s degree in Business Administration from the, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil. She has been a substitute professor in the Department of Administrative Sciences and Tutor in the Specialization in Public Management. She is currently a PhD student in Business Administration at UFSM. Her areas of interest include Innovation, Sustainability, Strategy, Marketing and Production.

Surinder Batra is Professor at Institute of Management Technology (IMT) Ghaziabad, India. He is Faculty-in-Charge for a course titled “Learning

xxix Organizational Realities through Organization Based Projects”. His research interests include Knowledge Management, Knowledge-Based Development and Knowledge Cities. He has organized and also has been invited to international conferences on these themes in India and abroad.

Marco Bettoni is Prof. emer. in Knowledge Technologies and Director of the Steinbeis Consulting Center for Knowledge Management and Collaboration, Basel, Switzerland. During his career, he has been a researcher, engineer and lecturer with industrial and academic organisations in machine design, engineering education, IT development, knowledge engineering and knowledge management.

Catalin Bidian is a Doctoral Candidate at the School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and a member of the Knowah Research Lab. His research focuses on knowledge continuity management, KM life-cycles, and information and knowledge modelling. For the past 25+ years, Catalin has been professionally active, holding various IT management positions in the private and public sectors.

Evandro Bocatto is an Associate Professor at MacEwan University in Edmonton, Canada. He is a Bachelor of Science in Psychology Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas and a Master’s in Business Administration from EAESP/FGV in Brazil. He has a Master of Research (DEA) and PhD in Management Sciences from ESADE Business School, Ramon Lull University in Barcelona.

Karsten Böhm is a professor of Applied Computer Science at the University of Applied Sciences in Kufstein Tirol, Austria. He is directing course programs in the area of Web-based/Mobile technologies and Data Analytics. His research interest is in the field of IT-supported Knowledge Management with a focus on the Innovation Management domain.

Dr Ettore Bolisani is Associate Professor at Padova University. He was Researcher at Manchester University, visiting lecturer at Coventry University, Kaunas Technological University, Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena; Chair of ECKM 2009 and 2018. He is President of the International Association for Knowledge Management, Series co-editor of “Knowledge Management and Organisational Learning” (Springer), Editor-in-chief of EJKM

Dr Wiktor Bołkunow is a lecturer on economics at the Warsaw School of Economics, Poland. He received his PhD in economics from the Warsaw School of Economics in 2008. He is an author of over 50 scientific articles. His main research

xxx areas are entrepreneurship, economic policy and development of small and medium-size enterprises.

Lucas Brasen holds a B.Eng. as Business Development Engineering from Aarhus University. He is currently following the M.Sc. programme in technology-based business development. Lucas interests includes digital product development, digital innovation, alignment between operations management and digital architectures, and general business development.

Constantin Bratianu is professor of Strategic Management and Knowledge Management, UNESCO Department for Business Administration, and Director of the Research Center for Intellectual Capital, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania. He is founding editor of the international journals Management & Marketing, and Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy. His academic interests are: knowledge dynamics, knowledge management, intellectual capital, and strategic management.

Amina Buallay: holds a position of Head of ‎Administration and Financial Services in Minister Office at Ministry of ‎Education, Bahrain. Currently, she is a PhD scholar at Brunel University, London‎. ‎ She hs aMaster in ‎Business Administration from Ahlia University; Post ‎Graduate Diploma in Business Education and Bachelor ‎degree in Accounting from University of Bahrain. She conducts research in the area of Intellectual ‎Capital, Corporate Governance, and Sustainability ‎Reporting..

Rosanna Butters is a project manager at Transport for London (TfL), UK, and is currently a member of the team delivering the Four Lines Modernisation Programme. Ms Butters holds an MSc in Project and Enterprise Management from University College London and has a keen interest in linking research and practice in construction projects.

Barry Byrne is CKO for the Irish Defence Forces. Barry holds an MSc. in MIS from Trinity College Dublin and an MA. from Maynooth University in Leadership and Management. Barry led a KM programme which was awarded 1st place in the Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management awards at ECKM 2015.

Yuan Cai is a master’s degree student at School of Information Management, Central China Normal University (Hubei, China), whose research direction is library information and archives management.

xxxi Mg. Vanessa Cano Mejía is a researcher and full-time professor of Institución Universitaria de Envigado, Colombia. She received her Mg. in International Accounting and Management from University of Medellín. She is author of various papers about economic and social sciences. Her main research areas are cultural accounting, accounting education, and cultural management.

Ana Cláudia Campos holds a PhD in Tourism, a MA in Tourism Management, and a BA in Philosophy. Currently she is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, European University of Lisbon, Portugal. Her research interests are in tourism marketing, tourism experience, tourist psychology and co-creation. She is a member of the Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well- being (CinTurs), University of Algarve.

Dr. Eva Capkova is a researcher and pedagogue at the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. She received her PhD. in library and information science at the Faculty of Arts Comenius University. Her main research goals are data/information/knowledge visualization and the study of historical truss structures in order to reveal the hidden patterns..

Tânia Carraquico is a PhD in Management student at ISCTE-IUL, in Lisbon, Portugal. She has worked in higher education management for the last 16 years and her main research interests are university-industry collaboration, knowledge and technology transfer, knowledge management and innovation.

Delio Ignacio Castaneda holds a PhD (Cum Laude) in Organizational Behavior from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and a Master (with Distinction) in Education from the University of Manchester, UK. He is currently a Full Professor at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. He is also a researcher, consultant and invited Professor in the fields of Knowledge Management, Organizational Learning and Strategic Talent Management.

Piera Centobelli is Research Fellow and Professor of Bioeconomy and Intellectual Property at the University of Naples Federico II. She received with honors the M.Sc. Degree in Management Engineering at the University of Naples Federico II. In 2016 she awarded a Ph.D. in Technology and Production Systems at the Department of Chemicals, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering of the same university. Her research interests focus on supply chain and operations management and decision support systems, information, knowledge and technology management, sustainability in logistics and supply chain management.

xxxii Roberto Cerchione is Delegate of the Engineering Management Committee and Professor of Business Management at the Department of Engineering of the University of Naples Parthenope. He is Director of the SG UniParthenope, Co- Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Entrepreneurship Education and Guest Editor of Current Issues in Tourism. His research projects are focused on knowledge management and entrepreneurship, technology management and digital transformation, supply chain management and environmental sustainability management, blockchain, big data and business analytics in high-tech, manufacturing and service industries.

Dr Hui Chen is an associate professor at School of Information Resources Management, Renmin University of China (RUC). She holds a PhD in Knowledge Management from Loughborough University (UK), a MSc from University of Sheffield (UK) and a BSc from RUC. Her main research interests are Tacit Knowledge, Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge Management and Records Management.

Imane Chikhi is a teacher-researcher and a PhD student in LRDSI (Laboratoire de Recherche pour le Développement des Systèmes Informatisés) Laboratory, computer science department of Blida 1 University, Algeria. Main research areas are organizational knowledge management and cloud Computing paradigm.

Hao-Fan Chumg is an Associate Professor in the School of Management Engineering at Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, China. He received his PhD from Loughborough University (UK) and now conducts research in the area of knowledge management, positive psychology and organisational behavior, with a specific focus on cross-cultural comparison.

Dr Desiree Joy Cranfield (PhD, MSc, BSc Hon, BSc, PGCert FHEA), , is a senior lecturer within the School of Management, Swansea University, Wales, UK. She teachers modules such as Information Systems, eBusiness, & Managing People and Operations. She is the Year 1 Deputy Programme Director (UG), a fellow of the Higher Education Academy(HEA), an HEA Assessor, and mentor. Her research interests lie in the field of Knowledge Management and the use of technology to enhance Teaching & Learning.

Carla Curado is an Associate Professor at ISEG – University of Lisbon, Portugal. Her research interests include Knowledge Management and Organizational Behavior. She has published numerous articles in outlets such as the Journal of Business Research, Computers in Human Behavior and Journal of Knowledge

xxxiii Management. She serves on the editorial review board for several international journals.

Greg Curda is currently an Assistant Professor in the Film&TV department at Nord University in Steinkjer, Norway. As a Hollywood veteran sound mixer with over 80 international feature films to his credit, Greg’s work has contributed to multiple Oscar nominations, with The Hunt for Red October winning for Best Sound Effects Editing in 1990.

Souâd Demigha is a Doctor in Computer Science from the University of Paris1- Sorbonne. She is a researcher at CRI ( Sorbonne-University) and Lecturer at the University of Paris XI. Her Research deals with: Information Systems, Medical Imaging, eLearning, Knowledge Management, Big Data, Data Mining. She is the author or co-author of 50 international scientific papers.

Wafeequa Dinath is a lecturer in the Department of Information and Knowledge Management at The University of Johannesburg, South Africa. She received a Cum Laude for her Honours and Masters degree in IKM and is currently working on her proposal for her PhD. Her main research areas are mHealth applications, social media and smart-contracts.

Dr. Meri Duryan is a Lecturer in Enterprise Management and a Deputy Director of MSc Programme in Project and Enterprise Management, at the Bartlett School, University College of London, UK. She leads MSc modules on Knowledge Management and Change Management. Systems thinking, value co-creation, enterprise management, knowledge management and occupational well-being are the areas of research focus.

Anandasivakumar (Siva) Ekambaram works as a research scientist at SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway. He obtained his doctoral degree, which focuses on project management and knowledge transfer in organizations, from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Besides his research work, he is involved in teaching activities at NTNU.

Enis Elezi is undertaking a PhD at the University of Bolton, UK, which is focused on the role of Knowledge Management in facilitating the development of British Higher Education partnerships. Currently Enis is delivering at HND and University programmes at OLC (Europe) in Greater Manchester. His areas of research interests include Knowledge Transfer, Organisational Learning and Partnership Development.

xxxiv Emilio Esposito is Full Professor of Management Engineering at the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II. He was awarded a Ph.D. in Economics of Technological Change by the University of Naples Federico II. His current scientific interests include knowledge management in SMEs, technology management, supply chain management, industrial organization in high tech industries.

Dr. G. Scott Erickson, Scott is Charles A. Dana Professor and Chair of Marketing in the School of Business at Ithaca College. He holds a PhD from Lehigh and has published widely on big data, knowledge management, and competitive intelligence. His most recent book is New Methods in Marketing Research and Analysis from Edward Elgar.

Max Evans is an Associate Professor in the School of Information Studies at McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and the co-founder of the Knowah Knowledge Sharing Research Group. His research focuses on organizational information and knowledge management, with a specific interest in knowledge sharing, interpersonal/organizational trust, and continuity management (succession planning).

Florian Fahrenbach is a researcher at the Institute for Information Business at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. His research is on assessment of professional competences and knowledge-based management. He is currently engaged in a research project with the Austrian Economic Chambers on trade and crafts. He received a Masters Degree in Cognitive Science.

Vitor Hugo Santos Ferreira has a PhD in Innovation Economics. He is Professor at the School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal, and member of CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development. He is a consultant in the area of Strategy and Entrepreneurship and was a trainer and consultant in the Advanced Training programs for company directors.

Elisa Figueiredo, Professor at the Management Department of Guarda Polytechnic Institute, Portugal, has a PhD in Psychology of Organizations, and develops research in the area of Organizations Management, Human Resources Management and Knowledge Management. She is a researcher of the Research Unit for Inland Development of the Polytechnic and project manager of different applied projects.

xxxv Ilja Frissen has a PhD in Experimental Psychology. He is an Associate Professor in the School of Information Studies at McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and the co-founder of the Knowah Research Lab on human knowledge sharing. His research focuses on auditory, haptic, and multisensory cognition, which he applies to understanding tacit and explicit knowledge sharing.

Rosangela Fritscher Santos obtained her Master’s degree at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Business, Brazil; she has a bachelor degree in Computer Science from PUCRS, specialization in General Management and in People Management. She currently leads a software development team in the Information Technology industry.

Cristiane Froehlich has a PhD in Administration from the Unisinos, Porto Alegre, Brazil, with a sandwich doctorate from the University of Lisbon, Portugal (2014). He is Academic Coordinator of the Graduate Courses Specialization at Feevale University, Brazil. Her main research areas are Socio-environmental Sustainability; Sustainable Innovation; People management; Skills.

Josef H. Gammel graduated in psychology at the University of Innsbruck (Austria) in 2014. He is doctoral researcher at the chair of Economic and Organizational Psychology at the University of Munich (Germany) and member of the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 768. His research interests cover creativity and innovation, transactive memory systems, and leadership.

Daniele Giampaoli is a PhD based at Department of Economics, Society and Politics (DESP) at Urbino University, Italy. His academic interests are: knowledge management, creativity, problem solving, decision making and strategic management.

Veronika Gigalová is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Andragogy and Cultural Anthropology, Faculty of Arts, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Her research activities are organization in late modern society, principles of formation, operation and development of formal organizations.

PhD Eng. Marek Goliński is currently an employee of Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland. He is a co-creator of the TKA®, a program designed to accelerate acquisition competences. His work focuses on the maintenance of relations with key employers in the region and market analyses. He is the author of several monographs and several dozen scientific articles.

xxxvi Tiago Gonçalves has a MsC in Human Resources Management and is currently studying for a PhD in Management at ISEG – University of Lisbon, Portugal. His research interests include Knowledge Management, Human Resources Management and Organizational Behavior with a current focus in healthcare organizational environments.

Natalia Goncharova is Associate Professor in Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University in St. Petersburg, Russia. Lecture courses: finance and Credit, Taxes and Taxation, Insurance, Fundamentals of Auditing, Information Technology Planning and Accounting. The degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences on the topic the research – “Methodical and applied aspects of diversified development of the service sector in the regions of the Russian Federation”.

Dr Magdalena Graczyk-Kucharska of Poznań University, Poznań, Poland, has taken part in several domestic and international projects also in international internships at University of California Berkeley and Matej Bel University. Her scientific and research work area focuses on the use of modern technologies in the era of process automation, and in the process of knowledge management in smart organizations.

Elizaveta Gromova completed her postgraduate studies in Economics in 2008 and is currently preparing to defend her PhD thesis. She works as an assistant at the Higher school of engineering and economics of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Her research interests include agile management, modern organizational technologies, economics of high-tech industries, knowledge management.

Oliver Fuglsang Groos holds a B.Eng. as Business Development Engineering from Aarhus University. He is currently following the M.Sc. programme in technology- based business development same place. Olivers interests includes physical product development, digital manufacturing, strategic business development, operations management metrics, and general business development.

Solomon Gyamfi is a first year PhD student in the University of Pardubice, the Czech Republic. His field of study is economic policy and administration and he specialises in regional and public economics. His research interest is in public sector support for innovation and knowledge management.

Dr Omid Haass is an Associate Lecturer at the RMIT University, School of Property, Construction and Project Management based in Melbourne, Australia.

xxxvii Omid obtained his doctoral degree on Project Management in the department of International Business and Asian Studies (IBAS), Griffith Business School (GBS), Griffith University.

Hanne Haave is Assoc. Professor at the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Social Sciences. She teaches social sciences methodology and topics within organization and management. Her topics of research interest are adult learning and learning processes in organizations as well as gender and regional development.

Hafsa Amrani is a first year PhD student in management sciences from the GECIAS laboratory in the faculty of law, economic and social sciences of Casablanca, Morocco.

Allam Hamdan is Professor of Accounting, Acting Dean of the College of Business and Finance, and Chairperson of the Accounting and Economics Department, Ahlia University, Bahrain. He has published papers on accounting, financial and economic issues concerning the Arab world in regional and international journals. He has interests in educational related issues in the Arab world universities.

Irina-Emily Hansen is a PhD candidate at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Aalesund, Norway. Her research topic is “Knowledge Management of University-Industry Collaboration within the context of Open Innovation”. In addition, she is teaching and supervising BSc and MSc students that have projects with industry within Lean production. Irina-Emily has anengineering MSc in product and system design.

Ragna Kemp Haraldsdottir is a PhD student and an adjunct at the division of Information Science, faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Iceland. Her studies focuses on information management in organizations, where she emphasises the human, communicative and organizational aspects of IT. Ragna has a MS degree from the University of Aarhus in Denmark.

Dr Harold D. Harlow teaches the Capstone Strategy and Policy and Project Management in both the undergraduate and graduate programs at Wingate University, USA. He also teaches technology management and corporate innovation in the MBA program. Dr. Harlow’s research interests include developing measures of intellectual capital and tacit knowledge and innovation/patent related topics including corporate technology development and intellectual property.

xxxviii Dr Andrew P. Hatch is the Clinical Operations Director at Global Wellness Centres, based in Lisbon Portugal and collaborates with Universidade Europeia Lisbon, performing ongoing, post-doctorate research projects on the impact of MSDs in employee performance with a focus on improving productivity, decreasing presenteeism, employee job satisfaction and cost containment strategies for corporations and governments.

Ann Therese Hedqvist is a registered nurse currently studying on the specialist nursing programme in elderly care at University West in Trollhättan, Sweden. She has previously worked as a systems developer. Her main focuse is the possibilities and implications of digitalization of healthcare where she can combine the caring sciences with information technology.

Conor Horan is a lecturer in Marketing, Research Methods and Knowledge Management at the Technological University Dublin. He received his PhD from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. His research focusses on the nature of university-industry relationships interests and the means by which these relationships create new knowledge. He is published in the Journal of Business Studies, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Marketing Management and the Strategic Marketing Journal.

Henri Hussinki is a Post-doctoral Researcher at LUT School of Business and Management, LUT University, Finland. His research and teaching focus on intellectual capital, knowledge management and business model innovation. His research has been published in journals such as Journal of Knowledge Management, Journal of Intellectual Capital, and Critical Perspectives on Accounting.

John Israilidis, PhD, is a Senior Lecturer at Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, UK. His current research interests are focused on ignorance management, knowledge sharing barriers in technology intensive organisations, and the cost effectiveness of information technology systems and services. John can be contacted at: [email protected]

Dr Marina Ivanova is an associate professor of public administration at Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia. She received her PhD in Economics in 2009. Her main research areas are government and civil service efficiency, regulatory impact assessment and administrative reforms.

Haddy Jallow is a PhD researcher at the Faculty of Science and Engineering, the University of Wolverhampton, researching the digitisation of infrastructure sector

xxxix for competitiveness. She received a BEng (Hons) in Civil Engineering from the University of Wolverhampton. She currently works as a BIM coordinator for Costain in the UK delivering a motorway expansion in the west of UK.

Kristina Risom Jespersen is associate professor of business economics at Aarhus University, the School of Social Sciences, Denmark. She received her PhD in Information and product innovation management in 1999. Her main research areas are digital innovation strategies, knowledge production, and human resources and competences for innovative performance.

Birgit Helene Jevnaker is professor in innovation and economic organization at BI Norwegian Business School. She holds a Ph.D. in design management from BI Norwegian Business School. She has published in art and design management journals and worked closely to Scandinavian design corporations including being responsible for BIs executive leadership in action program.

Tao Jin is an associate professor at School of Library and Information Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA. He earned his master’s and doctoral degrees from McGill University, Montreal, Canada. His major research and teaching areas dwell upon competitive intelligence, knowledge management, business information behavior, and records and information management.

Magdalena Jurczyk-Bunkowska received PhD degree in 2004 from the Faculty of Production Engineering of Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. She works in the Faculty of Economics and Management of Opole University of Technology as an assistant professor. She is an author of several dozen publications in the fields of knowledge management and innovation management in manufacturing systems, including three books.

Andrew Kamunda is a Chartered Engineer with the ICE carrying out research in Knowledge Management in the Water Industry. He has spent 13 years working and delivering water projects in the UK, with a short assignment in Bangladesh. The lack of formal KM in the water industry and UK government call for efficient project delivery has driven his research topic.

Saima Kanwal is PhD scholar at the School of Information Management Sun Yat- sen University, China. She is working as academic coordinator at International Islamic University, Islamabad-Pakistan and her area of interest is knowledge management practices in higher education. Beside this, she has national and international publications on her credit and presented research paper in conferences.

xl Marcela Katuščáková is a lecturer and researcher at the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. She is working in research and education, specializing in knowledge management, scientific collaboration, storytelling and literature based discovery LBD. She received her PhD in information sciences from Comenius University Bratislava.

Sithembiso Khumalo is Lecturer and a Deputy HoD of Information and Knowledge Management at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. He received his Master’s degree in Information Management in 2016. His main research areas are Knowledge Portals, Strategic Information Management, Entrepreneurship, Innovation and commercialisation dynamics and helping innovators with skills to commercialise their business ideas.

Beate Klingenberg is Professor/Supervisor of Management/Sciences at The Italian International Institute Lorenzo de'Medici, Florence, Italy. She teaches operations management, decision-sciences, global business, marketing, science history, introductory chemistry and mathematics. Research includes sustainability education, environmental management, knowledge management, and OM in real estate. She holds a Ph.D. (Physical Chemistry) and MBA degree. She has extensive industry experience in technology transfer projects.

Lucia Kohnová graduated from the Faculty of Management in Strategic Management, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. She continued as a PhD student in the Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, where she devoted her research on intellectual capital and innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises. In the field of expertise, she also deals with the balanced scorecard management system and project management.

Vladimir KoKh (1969) is Candidate of Economic Sciences, the CEO of Professionalaudit-consulting LLC. Actively works in the academic sphere, gives master classes and open lectures for students, is engaged in research and expert work. The sphere of scientific interests - development of the industry, an innovation, management of intangible assets of the industrial companies

Gennadiy Koltun graduated in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Dresden in 2016. He is a research assistant at the Institute of Automation and Information Systems at the Technical University of Munich (Germany) and member of the Collaborative Research Centre SFB 768. His research interests include model-based systems engineering and model- document coupling.

xli Florian Kragulj is postdoctoral researcher at the Institute for Information Business at the WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. His research is on organizational learning and knowledge-based management. Florian is currently engaged in a research project with the Austrian Economic Chambers on skilled crafts and trades. He received a PhD in Social Sciences and holds a master's degree in Cognitive Science.

Tatiana Jurievna Kudryavtseva is an associate professor at the Graduate School of Industrial Economics of Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia. She conducts the following courses: financial management, economic analysis, financial analysis.

Dr Ane Linden is a professor of Nursing and Hospital Management at Universidade do Vale dos Sinos, Unisinos, Brazil. She received her PhD in Management from Unisinos in 2016. She also completed an interuniversity exchange doctorate at Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão at Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. Her main research areas are healthcare management and organizational learning.

Marlene Loureiro has a PhD in Communication Sciences. She is an assistant professor of Communication Sciences at University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. She is also a researcher at LABCOM.IFP – Communication, Philosophy and Humanities Research Unit of University of Beira Interior. At the moment, her research focuses on organizational and interpersonal communication and gender studies.

Ruben Loureiro is Assistant Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (IPT), Tomar, Portugal. Student in the doctoral program in Management at the University of Beira Interior (UBI). His academic background includes a Master’s degree in Healthcare Management, from the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar. He is Stock Manager in a Hospital Center. Expertise: Strategy, Logistics, Health Management.

Kagiso Mabe is a lecturer in the Department of Information and Knowledge Management at The University of Johannesburg, South Africa. He received a Cum Laude for his Honours degree and completed his Masters’ degree in IKM in 2017. He is also currently working on his PhD proposal. His main research areas are digitisation, libraries and 4IR.

Ekaterina Malevskaia-Malevich is an associate professor of economics at Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia. She received her PhD in

xlii economics from Saint-Petersburg state university of economics in 2013. Her main research areas are corporate finance, financial management, risk management.

Ana Martins holds a Ph.D. in Leadership. She is Associate Professor in Leadership at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Graduate School of Business & Leadership, South Africa. Her research areas include Humanizing the organization, Distributed Leadership, Self-efficacy and Innovation issues; Emotional and Spiritual Capitals; HR Capabilities and development of soft skills; Knowledge Management and Culture.

Florinda Matos holds a PhD in Social Sciences, Organizational Behavior Studies from the Technical University of Lisbon. She is a professor in Post-Graduate courses at the ISCTE – IUL and a researcher at DINÂMIA'CET – IUL . Presently, she is leading the project "KM3D - Knowledge Management in Additive Manufacturing: Designing New Business Models" in a national consortium, funded by FCT.

Dr Thomas A. Mazzuchi is the Department Chair of the Engineering Management and Systems Engineering

Dr Shane McLoughlin is an SFI and Intel funded Post-Doctoral Researcher for LERO at Maynooth University. His research combines qualitative and quantitative methods to understand socio-technical issues concerning adoption of disruptive innovations such as IoT and Autonomous Vehicles. Shane’s research also examines academic Industry collaborations from a science policy perspective

Ludmila Mládková works at the University of Economics Prague, Czech Republic. She specialises in management, knowledge management, management of knowledge workers and managerial leadership and lectures and publishes in these topics. She strongly believes that only systemic approach to management brings benefits to organisations.

Dr Kavoos Mohannak is a Senior Lecturer and Subject Area Coordinator (SAC) in Management at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Business School, Brisbane, Australia. He has over 20 years of teaching and research experience and has taught and researched within the area of innovation and knowledge management, technology commercialisation and techno-entrepreneurship.

Samuel Fonseca Monteiro is Assistant Professor, University of Beira Interior, Portugal and Researcher at NECE, UBI, Research Unit in Business Sciences. He has a PhD in Organizational Psychology (2011), University of Coimbra; MSc in xliii Organizational Psychology (2007), University of Porto; BSc degree in Psychology (2003) – Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Yukiko Murakami is a professor at the faculty of political science and economics, Waseda University, Japan. She took the degree of Doctor of Economics at Waseda University. Her research interests are in knowledge transfer and international migration of highly skilled human resources.

Olga S. Nadezhina has a PhD in Economics, and is associate professor of the Graduate School of Economics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. She received her PhD in management of national economy (regional economy; labor market, human capital) in 2006. Her main research arears are regional economy, human capital, and intellectual capital.

Tiago Nascimento is a PhD student in the area of management, with an MSc in Nursing, speciality in management. He works as a nurse at the primary care setting and as an assistant professor at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa, Portugal, with a focus on nursing safety and nursing workload.

Valentina Ndou, PhD, serves as a Senior Researcher in Management Engineering at the University of Salento (Italy). Her research specializes in analyzing the innovation management trends and the effectiveness of information systems with particular emphasis on new solutions and approaches for business management, entrepreneurship education and knowledge management.

Gaby Neumann is Professor on Engineering Logistics at the Technical University of Applied Sciences, Wildau, Germany. Her current activities and research interests are linked to fields like problem solving and knowledge management in logistics, logistics simulation and planning, and logistics competence profiling and assessment. She has widely published in these fields.

Satoshi Nishimura is a Post-doctoral fellow in Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan. He received his PhD in Communication Technology from Osaka University, Japan in March, 2015. His research interest is ontology engineering and its application to service industry including the healthcare domain.

Professor Miguel Baptista Nunes is the Dean of the School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University, China. Prior to this position, he served for 23 years at the Information School, University of the Sheffield, UK. He has

xliv extensive experience of research (13 projects as PI or Co-PI) and produced more than 230 research publications.

Nóra Obermayer, PhD is an Associate Professor, Head of Department of Management and Vice-dean for Development at the University of Pannonia in Veszprém, Hungary. She obtained her Ph.D. in Economics and Management (Knowledge management) in 2008. She has published numerous papers and presented at national and international conferences.

Johan Olaisen is professor in information and knowledge management at BI Norwegian Business School in Oslo. He holds a Ph.D. from UC Berkeley in knowledge management. He was the chair of the European Academy of Management Conference in 2006, and has published extensively on leadership, service-, information- and knowledge management in international journals.

Márcio Oliveira is Guest Assistant Professor at the School of Education and Social Sciences of the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Coimbra, Portugal. He teaches subjects in the area of management and commerce to Portuguese and Chinese students. He is a PhD student in management, in the area of knowledge management, at the University of Beira Interior – Portugal.

Mírian Oliveira obtained her doctoral degree in Business Administration from the UFRGS in 1999. She is a professor and researcher at PUCRS, School of Business, Brazil and invited professor at ISEG/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. Her current research interests include Knowledge Management, Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge Hiding, Knowledge Hoarding and Research Method.

Nkechinyem Omeife is a PhD Candidate at Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), Dublin, Ireland. She holds Master of Research (MRes) in Management Sciences from ESADE Business School, Spain; MSc in Technology Entrepreneurship from University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom and BSc in Industrial Physics from University of Benin, Nigeria. Her research interests are in Knowledge Management, Innovation and Corporate Entrepreneurship.

Dan Ophir has a Ph. D. and M.Sc. in Computer Science and Mathematics awarded by the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. He is Senior Lecturer and Researcher in the Ariel University, Israel; Consultant and co-developer in High-tech Software and Defense Industries; Author of scientific articles and patents. He has participated in many international algorithmic-mathematical scientific conferences.

xlv Gabriel Pestana of IADE_Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal, has a PhD in the area of Information Systems, with a profile of applied research in the field of Knowledge Management and Data Analytics. The scientific activity is characterized by a systematic work, where the informational artefacts address problems related to situational-awareness and the surveillance of (geo)events supporting the decision making process.

Nuno Pestana is an information management specialist at the energy company EDP – Energies of Portugal. He holds a degree in Psychology from the ISPA – Instituto Universitário das Ciências Psicológicas e da Vida, Portugal. His research interests are in Knowledge Management.

Dr Luís Pimentel is a Professor of management accounting and control at Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal. He received his PhD in management from ISCTE-IUL University in 2014. He has published several articles in top scientific journals and international conference proceedings. His main research areas are management control, management accounting, balanced scorecard, organizational change, institutional theory.

Paulo Pinheiro is a Professor of Beira Interior University, Covilhã, Portugal (UBI), Business & Economics Department and a researcher at the Research Group on Enterprise Science (NECE). His teaching activities are mainly on knowledge management and comprehend undergraduate, master and doctoral students. He has a Ph.D. of Management and author of several publications.

Rasmus Tange Præstegaard holds a B.Eng. as Business Development Engineering from Aarhus University, where he is currently following the M.Sc. programme in technology-based business development. Rasmus’ interests includes digital innovation, supply chain management, strategic, digital supply chain innovation, Internet-of-Things, and general business development.

Shahid Razzaq is a School Health and Nutrition Supervisor at the Department of Health, District Attock, Government of Punjab, Pakistan.

Marcin Relich is a researcher at the Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Zielona Góra, Poland. His research interests include project management, new product development, knowledge acquisition, business intelligence, management information systems, and decision support systems.

Øivind Revang is professor in change management at BI Norwegian Business School in Oslo. He holds a Ph.D. in industrial organization from University of xlvi Linköping in Sweden. He has published in international journals like Human Relations, Strategic Management Journal, Organizational Studies and International Journal of Information Management.

César Ribeiro is a teaching assistant at Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal. His previous appointments at the same university include the coordination of undergraduate and master programs in Management. With an undergraduate degree in Accounting and Administration, a postgraduate diploma in Taxation and a master degree in Auditing, he is now a PhD student (program in Management).

Raysa Rocha (MSc) is a lawyer and a Ph.D. student at the University of Beira Interior, Covilhã Portugal. She received her master’s degree in management from FUCAPE in 2016. Her main research areas are Spirituality in Organizations, Organizational Wisdom and Knowledge Management.

Isabel Salavisa is Associate Professor of Economics at ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), in Lisbon, Portugal. Currently, her research is conducted in Project SPLACH - Spatial Planning for Change (2017-2019), at DINAMIA’CET-IUL. Her research interests comprise economics of innovation; and sustainability transitions.

Taina Savolainen is Professor of Management & Leadership in the University of Eastern Finland, Business School, where she leads the Research Group of 'Trust within Organizations'. Her studies focus on trust-building, breaches and restoration in intra-organizational work relationships. She was named Top Thought Leader in Trust 2019 in the global Trust Alliance “Trust Across America- Trust Around the World”.

Enrico Scarso is Professor of Engineering Management at the Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padua, Italy. He received his PhD degree in Industrial Innovation from the University of Padua. His current research interests are in the area of technology and knowledge management. He was Co- Chair of the European Conference on Knowledge Management held at the University of Padua in 2018. Ulrich Schmitt is Professor Extraordinaire for Knowledge Management at the University of Stellenbosch Business School, South Africa. His career covers IT and management consulting, professorships, and academic management positions in Europe and Southern Africa based on an interdisciplinary education.

Muhammad Shujahat is a PhD Student in the Knowledge Management & E- Learning Lab at the Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong.

xlvii Susana Silva teaches in the degree and master course of Hospitality and Tourism at School of Hospitality Tourism, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal. She is a researcher on Tourism, Hospitality and Human Resources Management, has several papers published and also attended to international conferences integrating the research centres CEOS.PP and CITUR.

Philip Sisson W. is a retired Lockheed Martin Senior Program Manager, KM cross- division coordinator, and KM best practices track leader. He is an Engineering Management (KM focus) doctoral candidate in George Washington University's School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington DC, USA. Phil has degrees in mathematics, ORSA and economics, and computer information systems.

Angi Erastievich Skhvediani is an assistant at the Graduate School of Industrial Economics of Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia. He conducts the following courses: financial analysis, econometrics, corporate social responsibility.

Dr Lisa Soon is a Senior Lecturer - ICT in the School of Engineering and Technology at Central Queensland University, Australia. She is a senior member in IEEE and ACS. Her research interests include information and knowledge management, web-based knowledge systems, data science, analytics, content analysis, theoretical analysis, and different approaches to manage knowledge using technologies.

Maria José Sousa (PhD in Management) is a University Professor and a research fellow of CIEO (Algarve University) and BRU-ISCTE/IUL, Portugal. Her research interests are information science, innovation and business management issues, with a particular focus on the learning and knowledge management processes. She is also President of the ISO/TC 260 – Human Resources Management, representing Portugal in the International Organization for Standardization.

Dr Trine Marie Stene is a senior scientist at SINTEF, Norway. She received her PhD in educational sciences from NTNU in 2005. She has published in several national and international papers and reports related to transportation, oil & gas, space and process and construction industry. Her main research areas are interaction between human, technology and organisation with emphasise on human qualification and learning.

Lukas Stepanek is a PhD candidate at the School of Business and Economics at Loughborough University, UK. His PhD investigated aspects of functional uses of substances, products and practices among British university students, especially

xlviii exploring the management of knowledge. His other research areas include medical sociology and semantic analysis of media reports of nuclear disasters.

Fred H. Strønen is associate professor at Oslo Business School, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University. He has a PhD in strategy and organization, and he likes teaching. Strønen has extensive experience in working with strategic and managerial development for larger Norwegian companies.

Subashini Suresh is a Reader of Construction Project Management at the School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Wolverhampton, UK. She holds a PhD in knowledge management.. Her key areas of interest include construction project management, knowledge management, building information modelling, health and safety, sustainability/green construction, emerging technologies, quality management, leadership in change management initiatives, organisational competitiveness.

Dr Ann Svensson is an Associate Professor at University West, Sweden. Her research interests are within knowledge management, learning and collaboration, with particular focus on professional work within and across organizations, currently studying healthcare organzations. She also serves in editorial board for some journals and conferences and as publication director in AIS SIG-Ed.

Maciej Szafrański lectures at Poznań University of Technology, Poland in knowledge management, quality management. He has experience in the ship- building industry and is co-creator of the Technical Knowledge Accelerator (http://www.awt.org.pl/?lang=en). He has been manager in projects Time for Professionals and manager or member in other projects on management of knowledge, competences and networks.

Clare Thornley is Senior Research Fellow at the Innovation Value Institute at Maynooth University, Ireland. Her original academic background is in Philosophy and she started her career in the UK voluntary sector before moving into academic research and teaching. Her current research interests include: knowledge management; information ethics; the relationship between research and practice.

Elena Tkachenko, Doctor of Economics, is a professor in the Department of Economy and Management of Enterprise, St Petersburg State University Of Economics, St Petersburg, Russian. She is author more than 120 scientific and methodical works, including 10 textbooks and 7 monographs. Her scientific

xlix interests include –innovations, investments, management of intellectual capital, Industrial development, finance, regional development

Laura Torres Enk is a researcher and full-time professor at the Institución Universitaria de Envigado, Colombia. She received her Mg. in Marketing Management from IPAM-Portugal and is a Product Design Engineer. Her main research areas are in social marketing and alternative views from the administrative sciences, finding a line of study around the peace.

Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay is specialized in socio-economics of innovation, self-employed work and creative city issues. She is professor in HRM at the Business School, Téluq, Université du Québec, Canada

Jiro Usugami is a professor at Aoyama Gakuin University，Tokyo. His research topics include Knowledge Management in tourism and Cross Cultural Management.

Natalia Valebnikova, PhD, is Associate Professor at Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St Petersburg, Russia,. She has 26 years of experience, including executive finance positions in various areas of industry. She has 20 published scientific articles. Research interests include IFRS, behavioral economics, financial management.

Plínio Souza Vilela has a BS in Computer Science from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and an MSc and PhD on Electrical Engineering from Unicamp. He was a Research Scientist for Telcordia Tech - NJ/USA, Director of Research and Development for Cflex. He is currently an assistant professor on software engineering at the School of Technology, State University of Campinas, Brazil.

Maxim Vlasov is a serious science worker of Institute of Economics, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia, where he investigates the problems of institutional and knowledge economics modeling.

Assoc. Prof. Tone Vold lectures at The Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway, in courses digitalization of workforms, systems engineering, organizational learning and knowledge management. She is currently working on a PhD within the area of Enterprise development and worklife research, doing research on involving students in their own learning process to prepare for worklife in organizations.

l Dr Hongshu Wang, PhD (Durham, UK), is currently working as postdoc staff in Tsinghua University, China. His research interests focus on international business areas, and he specialises in Chinese local stated owned enterprises outward foreign direct investment behaviour.

Xiaoxiao Wang is a master’s degree student at School of Information Management, Central China Normal University (Hubei, China), with research interests in archives management and knowledge management, and she has already published a paper about archival knowledge service in Chinese domestic journal.

Janusz Wielki received his PhD degree in 2000 from the Faculty of Management and Computer Science of Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland. He works in the Faculty of Economics and Management of Opole University of Technology as an associate professor. He is Head of the Department of E-Business and Electronic Economy at Opole University of Technology and Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Management.

Dr Ali Zahrawi an assistant professor of Management information Systems at , Jordan. He received his PhD in systems science and management from National university of Malaysia in 2012. His main research areas are knowledge management, knowledge discovery, e-learning, and m- government applications.

Gabriela Zanandrea is post-doctoral candidate in Administration at Unisinos, Porto Alegre, Brazil. She has a PhD in Administration at University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil, with a sandwich doctorate in the University of Aveiro, Portugal (2018). Her main research areas are Knowledge management, absorptive capacity, innovation, social innovation.

Igor Zatsman has a PhD in Computer and Information Science. Currently, he is the head of the research department at the Institute of Informatics Problems of the FRC CSC RAS, Moscow, Russia. He has the highest research diploma obtained after the PhD. Research interests are in the fields of Knowledge Science, Cognitive Informatics, and Modeling Emerging Meanings Processes.

Malgorzata Zieba is Assistant Professor of Management in the Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics at Gdansk University of Technology, Poland. Her research areas concern knowledge and innovation management in small and medium sized companies, mainly from the knowledge- intensive business services (KIBS) sector.

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lii Keynote Outlines

liii liv Keynote Outlines The following are outlines for the Keynote Speeches which will take place at ECKM 2019.

The future of KM at the Macro and Micro Level Prof Anthony Wensley, University of Toronto Mississauga

The field of Knowledge Management has built an impressive range of research and practice over the last two decades. It seems appropriate to review some of the substantial progress that has been made and also explore some fruitful directions for future research and practice. In particular there is a need to examine both the micro-foundations of different aspects of Knowledge Management and potential (new) links to cognate disciplines.

Contingencies and complexities of the knowledge-performance relationship Prof. Aino Kianto, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland

Recent years have witnessed an increasing amount of empirical studies on the impact of knowledge management and intellectual capital on organizational performance. As evidence gathers, it is becoming evident that the relationship between knowledge-related variables and organizational outcomes is far from simple and unidimensional. This keynote speech will address some of the underlying contingencies and complexities of the knowledge-performance relationship, and outline related future research directions.

Initiating trust in business relationships: the case of clients and their ad agencies Mark A. P. Davies, PhD, Professor Emeritus

Most people will factor in trust in making decisions confronting them in new, unfamiliar situations, and for virtually all commercial decisions an element of trust in reaching decisions can be expected. However, scant knowledge is known about how trust forms, and whether it can be encouraged. This is of particular importance in initiating commercial relationships. I will focus on the business-to- business marketing domain of the advertising industry, and specifically investigate the position of clients and their agencies. Under the changes taking place in the digital world, a large proliferation of agencies and consultancies have emerged in competition with those serving traditional media, which makes it a fascinatingly complex exemplar.

lv Several trust models have examined how trust is shaped and modified over the course of a relationship, which invariably places the radar on the role experience plays in that shaping. But what happens if you have neither the sector experience or relationship experience into choosing your potential business partners? Where do you start and can rudimentary or weak forms of trust start much earlier than acquiring experience with a potential partner? In examining the foundations of trust, I will put forward a number of rationales as to why and how people might initially develop trust, which has implications for commercial organisations seeking to create, and sustain new relationships and business of the future. Although the focus is advertising, I believe many of these forms could be applied to other B2B service areas where there is a potential for repeat business.

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Research Paper Abstracts

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lviii The Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Operating Decision Makers in MSMEs Ahmed Alafifi1, Allam Hamdan2 and Abdalmuttaleb Al-Sartawi2 1University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine 2Ahlia University, Manama, Bahrain DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.269

Abstract: The purpose of this project is to examine the effect of level and knowledge of financial literacy on the financial operating decisions in MSMEs, where the financial operating decisions are the most important decisions in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs financial management problems can be divided into external and internal problems, this study start with improving the internal environment which almost defined as operating activities, as well as, improve their own management levels through an investigate on how the financial literacy level effect on financial operating decisions practice, and examine the financial operating decisions which need an acceptable level of financial literacy, and which one needs a high level of financial literacy.

Keywords: micro-, small- and medium- enterprises MSMEs, entrepreneurship, financial illiteracy, financial education, knowledge

How the Buddhist Epistemology can Contribute to Contemporary Knowledge Management Debates? Yasanthi Alahakoon and Kavoos Mohannak School of Management, QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.036 : This paper can be positioned within the ongoing debate regarding the aptness of incongruent perspectives adopted in managing knowledge within organisations. These perspectives are mainly founded on the Western originated epistemologies. Amongst them, the mainstream perspectives influenced by the epistemology of Cartesian dualism of mind-body. The mind-body dualism conceives the mind and body as two separable entities. This dualism, in a knowledge seeking context, leads to the subject-object division hence, making a separation between the knower (subject) and what is known (object). This paper argues that dominance of tacit-explicit separation within knowledge management (KM) literature arises due to this separation between the knower and what is

1 known. Hence, due to the dualism treatment of knowledge, KM practices of the mainstream perspectives are subject to several limitations including less attention paid to a holistic and social approach to knowledge management processes. In this context, despite the existence of several Eastern originated epistemologies, they have not marked a significant presence in KM literature. Amongst the Eastern epistemologies, the Buddhist epistemology has a comprehensive theory of knowledge explicated in early Buddhist discourses. The Buddhist epistemology also include theoretical explanations to negate dualism treatment of knowledge which may underpin alternative perspectives to the mainstream. Further, the Buddhist epistemology has the potential to enhance the social process within KM. However, so far, investigations on the contribution of the Buddhist epistemology to KM virtually non-exist. Hence, this paper aims to explore the potential of the Buddhist epistemology to contribute to contemporary KM. The insights gained from this study can be incorporated into existing organisational KM practices. The aim is to advance the existing practices for better management of knowledge.

Keywords: knowledge management, epistemology, Buddhism, social processes

The key Challenges for Managing Knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Public Sector Organisations Khaled Algahtani, Suresh Renukappa, Subashini Suresh, Saeed Al Nabt, Hani Alamil and Redouane Sarrakh Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.078

Abstract: Management challenges do not come any bigger for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) public and private sector organizations than the current one. The Kingdom is currently facing unprecedented challenges, both fiscally and in its demographics, with heightened competition in the energy market and a big increase in the number of Saudis reaching working age. After a decade of sustained oil‐based growth, KSA is at a transition towards knowledge-based economy. Today, achieving that goal has become essential. To address change challenges, knowledge is increasingly accessed and shared across different functional departments and professionals. This knowledge interdependence creates new management challenges resulting from the risks and difficulties of knowledge transactions across boundaries. Providing access to key tacit and explicit knowledge to decision makers during potential changes seems to be critical for effective decision‐making. Recent technological developments have made a significant and positive impact on the ability and desire to manage

2 knowledge. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically appraise and document the main challenges associated with managing knowledge in the KSA public sector organizations. A web based, online questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data obtained from the 107 completed and usable questionnaire for inference and conclusion. The results show that all challenges for managing knowledge, apart from lack of knowledge management framework and lack of business case for knowledge management, are not significant (>0.05), and therefore, there are no significant statistical variations between the responses of the ‘directors’ and ‘managers’. The paper concludes that to gain competitive advantage, it is necessary for KSA public sector decision makers to recognise the ultimate key to organisations successfully embracing KM initiatives into daily operation is leadership. Effective leadership requires a particular set of attributes that enables to extract ideas and knowledge from stakeholders and transfer this knowledge into organisational assets.

Keywords: knowledge management, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, public sector organisations, leadership support, knowledge management framework, cultural issues

Absorptive Capacity, Explicit and Implicit Knowledge Sharing Practices Within Consortia Sofia Almeida, Michelle Lins de Moraes and Ana Cláudia Campos Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.061 Abstract: Absorptive capacity is an important dimension of the innovative capacity of firms. One of the main factors influencing absorptive capacity is exposure to external sources of knowledge, namely consortia. Considering that absorptive capacity dynamics is an underdeveloped research topic in extant literature on knowledge management, this study’s aim is to empirically analyze the relationship between cooperation within hotel marketing consortia and adoption of explicit and implicit knowledge management practices. Accordingly, a survey was conducted with 4* and 5* hotels in Portugal affiliated to a hotel marketing consortium. Results showed there is a strong relationship between level of cooperation within consortia and level of adoption of explicit and implicit knowledge management practices.

Keywords: absorptive capacity, cooperation, hotel marketing consortia, knowledge management

3 Joining the Green Movement: The Relationship Between Green Innovation and Business Performance Abdalmuttaleb Musleh Al-Sartawi1, Ahmed Al-Afifi2, Sherine Badawi1, Allam Hamdan1, Sameh Reyad1 and Abdulsadek Hassan Elshaker1 1Ahlia University, Manama, Bahrain 2University of Palestine, Palestine DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.009

Abstract: The literature shows a growing interest in the relationship between environmental (“Green”) innovation and the financial performance of organizations. Green innovation is the new or modified techniques, products, processes and systems implemented by organizations to reduce or prevent environmental harm. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to raise awareness on the concepts of environmental protection, sustainable development, and green innovation strategies. Specifically, the paper looks more closely at the latter dimension of organizational performance: financial performance of listed firms in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The sample of the study included 41 firms spread across three primary sectors operating in the Kingdom of Bahrain, namely the Financial Sector, Services sector and the Industrial sector. This paper followed a content analysis approach to complement the information gathered through the checklist developed by the researcher to measure the level of green innovation by the sample of listed firms. Financial reports for the year 2017 were obtained from the websites of the sample firms and other financial information and ratios were obtained from the Bahrain Stock Exchange website. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between return on assets and green innovation practices and strategies. This has important implications for managers and governments to promote firm performance through environmental innovation measures and practices.

Keywords: green strategies, sustainability, performance, ROA, ROE, Bahrain

4 The Impact of Interpersonal Trust on Knowledge Sharing: The Case of the Moroccan Craft Sector Hafsa Amrani and Salah Koubaa GECIAS Research Laboratory (laboratory of management of skills, entrepreneurial innovation, and social aspects of organizations and economies). Faculty of Law, Economic and Social Sciences - Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.248 Abstract: Trust and knowledge sharing are generally thought to be elements that enable firms to surely gain a competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of trust on knowledge sharing within the sector of Moroccan crafts through an exploratory study. The approach used to build this research paper is the qualitative methodology though conducting semi-structured interviews. This exploratory study reports that trust positively impacts knowledge sharing and fosters it within the Moroccan craft sector with a strong cultural content. The sustainability of the whole studied sector hugely relies on the effect that trust had on knowledge sharing.

Keywords: trust, knowledge sharing, Moroccan crafts sector

BBO: BPMN 2.0 Based Ontology for Business Process Representation Amina Annane, Nathalie Aussenac-Gilles and Mouna Kamel IRIT, CNRS, University of Toulouse, France DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.113 Abstract: Any industrial company has its own business processes, which is a number of related tasks that have to be executed to reach well-defined goals. In order to analyze, improve, simulate and automate these processes, it is essential to represent them in a formal way. The activity of representing business processes is known as Business Process Modelling (BPM); it is an active research area that attracts more and more attention with the emergence of Industry 4.0. Semantic Web technologies, especially ontologies, are promising means to advance BPM and to realize the Industry 4.0 vision. In this scope, we developed the BBO (BPMN 2.0 Based Ontology) ontology for business process representation, by reusing existing ontologies and meta-models like BPMN 2.0, the state-of-the-art meta-model for business process representation. We evaluated BBO using schema metrics, which showed that it was a deep and rich 5 ontology with a variety of relationships. Thanks to a use case, we illustrated the ability of BBO to represent real business processes in a fine-grained way and to express and answer the competency questions identified at the specification stage.

Keywords: BPMN 2.0, business process modeling, ontology, Industry 4.0, semantic web

Knowledge Sharing Through Social Media and its Impact on Student Creativity Muhammad Arif1, Miguel Baptista Nunes1, Nasim Qaisar2 and Saima Kanwal1 1School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China 2Department of Business Administration, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad, Pakistan DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.166

Abstract: Social media technologies (SMTs) have transformed communication around the world. However, there has been limited research assessing the use of SMTs for knowledge sharing (KS) and the subsequent impact of such sharing on individual creativity. Moreover, most such research has focused on business organisations. This study, by contrast, explores students’ use of SMTs for KS, and its impact on their creativity. To collect data, a questionnaire was sent to 266 selected master level business students at a public sector university in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data from the 203 responses were analysed using multiple linear regression. Findings indicate that the students use SMTs for KS with their peers. The results of hypotheses testing show that attitude, social norms and enjoyment from helping others have a significant influence on students’ behavioural intention towards KS. Besides, facilitation conditions (technological resources, skills, and knowledge), ability to share knowledge, perceived reciprocal benefits and behavioural intention to share knowledge significantly impacted KS through SMTs. Surprisingly, teacher support did not influence KS. Students’ behavioural intention proved to be the most significant predictor of KS. Overall, the study supported the hypothesis that KS through SMTs impacted on student creativity. This paper offers useful insights to teachers and curriculum designers and suggests appropriate measures for integrating SMTs in ways that promote KS. The study developed an integrated research model that could be used to investigate the phenomenon in a similar setting. Also, the article offers a Pakistani

6 perspective, making it a valuable addition to knowledge management (KM) literature.

Keywords: knowledge sharing, social media technologies, knowledge management, student creativity, Pakistan

The Awareness of Information Acts to Improve Students’ Knowledge on Managing Personal Information Joel Arthur University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.192

Abstract: Over the past years, the South African government has implemented different information acts to protect the South African individuals’ information and their right to privacy. However, without the South African public’s awareness of how to practically use these acts, the mere implementation is not enough. Many first-year students at the University of Johannesburg are not aware of the dangers of sharing personal information and are also not aware of the role that the different information acts play in their lives. This paper examines and assesses the level of awareness students have of four information acts, particularly with a particular focus on first year Information and Knowledge Management students at the University of Johannesburg. As part of the study, an in-depth literature review of the information acts in South Africa was conducted. The study employed a quantitative approach and questionnaires were designed with the sole purpose of gathering information. A pre-test, an intervention and a post-test were conducted to gain insight on whether the first year Information and Knowledge management students’ knowledge and awareness of the Information acts would change the manner in which they would use and share their information. It was evident that awareness of the information acts have a direct effect on the individuals use and sharing of personal information. Pre-test results indicated that student’s lack of awareness of the acts hampered their understanding of how the acts protects them, however the post-test indicated that awareness directly improves the individuals use of the acts.

Keywords: information acts, University of Johannesburg, constitution and personal information. Protection of Personal Information (POPI), Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA), Regulation of Interception of Communication Act (RICA), Financial Intelligence Centre Act (FICA)

7 Using Information Generated by Health Apps to Increase Personal Health and Fitness Knowledge Joel Arthur University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.195

Abstract: Many people find themselves living unhealthy lifestyles, not because they are not interested in being healthy but rather because they have little to no knowledge about making the right decisions based on a living a healthier lifestyle. With the proliferation of awareness of health and fitness in the 21st century, has resulted in a rise in the number of gymnasiums and aids for people to choose a healthier life. Electronic devices and health and fitness mobile applications (apps) have flooded the health and fitness market. This study was conducted within the University of Johannesburg. The aim of the study was to investigate how tertiary students make use of the information provided by the Health Apps to develop their knowledge of personal health to make healthier life decisions. The theory of planned behaviour was used was used as the framework to conduct the empirical study. This theory of planned behaviour stipulates that the health and fitness apps information provided aid the students in making healthier decisions, resulting in the understanding that Health and Fitness Apps deliberately plan to influence the behaviour of users in making healthier decisions. This theory predicted the deliberate behaviour since the behaviour can be planned and deliberative. The results of the research indicated that students had little or no knowledge to enable them to make the right decisions about their physical well- being. Those that made use of the health and fitness apps were able to make good health decisions, as they indicated the different benefits its came with, even though they were used for different reasons. The effectiveness of the health and fitness apps can be examined through determining how the students develop their knowledge, based on the information generated by the apps. This paper looks into what aspects affect participants’ initial use of the health and fitness technology. The paper also seeks to identify how user satisfaction is taken into consideration when utilisation of the apps is linked to continued use of the apps.

Keywords: health and fitness apps, knowledge development, mobile applications, decision making, tertiary students

8 Whistleblowing and Mindful Organizing in High-Risk Organizations Bjørn Tallak Bakken, Åse Storhaug Hole, Anne Oline Haugen and Per Olav Lund Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Rena and Lillehammer, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.205

Abstract: Whistleblowing is defined as “the disclosure by organization members (former or current) of illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practices under the control of their employers, to persons or organizations that may be able to effect action" (Near & Miceli 1985; 4). In this paper, we examine whistleblowing as a risk management tool in organizations particularly concerned with safety, security and preparedness, including emergency response organizations. In such organizations, failure to disclose illegal and questionable practices may lead to serious accidents with severe consequences, including loss of lives, not only of employees but also of people who live in proximity to such organizations, or are dependent on treatment by such organizations. Reporting of all kinds of near-accidents and failures is an important part of risk management and knowledge sharing in such organizations, in order to prevent future accidents. Sharing experiences and learning from failures require an organizational climate characterized by openness and trust. Our chosen theoretical framework includes variables pertaining to antecedents (including organizational climate) and consequences of whistleblowing. Preliminary results from a pilot study of N = 106 part-time students who have professional backgrounds within safety, security and preparedness, indicate that there is a negative relationship between organizational climate variables pertaining to the “mindful organizing” framework (Weick & Sutcliffe, 2015) (specifically openness and trust between employees and managers) and observations of wrongdoing at the workplace. Among the subset of participants who had actually observed one or more instances of wrongdoing, we tested whether there was a relationship between organizational climate and actually blowing the whistle. The relationship between organizational climate and the following up of whistleblowing by managers was also tested. However, those results were not significant, due to low N. We argue that a climate supporting voice and whistleblowing, building on openness and trust, both can prevent wrongdoing and promote the reporting of wrongdoing in high-risk organizations. Learning from mistakes and sharing of knowledge in the whistleblowing process might lead to better processes in the future. Implications for further research and practice are discussed.

9 Keywords: whistleblowing, mindful organizing, high-risk organizations, organizational climate, knowledge management, knowledge sharing

Health Knowledge Management: Longitudinal Analysis of the Period from 1998 to 2018 Luciana Aparecida Barbieri da Rosa¹, Helenise Silva Ambrós², Maria Carolina Martins Rodrigues³, Vanderléia Leal Losekann2 and Larissa Cristina Barbieri4 1Federal University of Santa Maria- UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil 2Pallottine School of Santa Maria – FAPAS, Santa Maria, Brazil 3CIEO - Algarve University, Portugal 4Faculdade de Educação São Luis- FESL, Jaboticabal, Brazil DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.187 Abstract: Knowledge management is a complex process and closely related to the communication processes in organizations (Smoliar, 2003; Theunissen, 2004). Thus, this study’s general goal: is to analyse the characteristics of the publications related to the theme: Knowledge Management in Health Care in the years of 1962 to 2018, in the Web of Science and Scopus, at the theoretical and empirical debates. The results of the survey showed that the year with the highest number of publications was 2012 (35) in Scopus and 2015 (17) in the Web of Science. The institution that stood out the most, in both databases, in terms of publications related to Knowledge Management in Health Care was the Coventry University, located in the UK with 21 publications in Scopus and 3 articles published in the Web of Science. Thus, it is suggested for future studies to expand the research of articles on the themes to other data bases, as well as national and international scientific events.

Keywords: bibliometry, knowledge management, knowledge management in health care

10 Experiential Learning in Management Education: A Knowledge Management Perspective Surinder Batra, Gunjan Malhotra and Ruchi Payal Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad, Ghaziabad, India DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.063 Abstract: Knowledge creation, acquisition, sharing and application are essential elements of the learning cycle of students in education. Knowledge Management processes becomes all the more important for business school students who need to transform themselves into future-ready entry level managers. Acquisition of tacit knowledge in the form of critical life skills relevant to the world of work differentiates successful managers from others. This in turn depends on the variety and kind of experiences they participate in. In this context, this paper attempts to explore the linkage between knowledge management processes and experiential learning in management students with special focus on tacit knowledge. It describes the introduction of an experiential learning course aimed at acquisition of critical life skills by the students of a business school and valuable learnings through the engagement of students in the processes of knowledge creation, acquisition and sharing in the business school setting. The course titled “Learning Organizational Realities through Organization based Projects” was conceived as a core course for the first year post-graduate management students of the business school and three iterations of the course have been completed as on January 2019. The learning objectives of the course included enabling the students experience and address the challenges of collaboration, conflict resolution and other such organizational processes through participation in various student clubs and committees and executing projects aligned with the institution building activities of the business school. Knowledge was sought to be acquired through doing and reflecting on the experiences gained through doing. The paper describes a situated experience of using experiential learning in management education and how such experience has been enriched with an explicit focus on tacit knowledge. The results of the study will be relevant for designers of experiential learning courses in management education and researchers and practitioners in knowledge management and organizational performance.

Keywords: tacit knowledge, experiential learning, management education, critical life skills, knowledge management processes

11 High Knowledge Level for an Innovation Cluster Environment Formation in the Russian Federation Galina Belyakova1, Elina Stepanova1, 2and Evgeniy Zabuga3 1Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation 2Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation 3Siberian Institute of Business, Management and Psychology, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.128

Abstract: A system for the evaluation of the knowledge development level of cluster innovation environment in Russia is presented in this article. Building on concepts of the innovation environment, the author emphasizes the importance of human capital and knowledge development as key elements for the innovation of cluster environment formation. A complex system of interacting elements of an innovation environment providing innovation development of a socio-economic system in the interests of society and the individual is known as an innovation environment cluster. The main prerequisites for the emergence of an innovation environment are the availability of social connections and networks for the exchange of ideas, information and knowledge development. The article identifies the need for creating new specific knowledge to improve innovation cluster. To ensure the effective functioning of the cluster, you must have a coherent information infrastructure. In the management formation and development of innovation environment through the application of tools designed for cluster development, the cluster management company’ work creates a particular mode of doing business, favourable institutional conditions and aims to achieve synergies. To evaluate the knowledge level of cluster innovation environment, basic indicators are needed. We believe that assessment of the state of a cluster’s innovation environment must be preceded by the definition of measurable indicators as described in this article.

Keywords: knowledge development level, knowledge flow of innovation clusters, cluster innovation environment, clustering process, cluster development, Russian Federation

12 The Pyramid Principle of New Collaboration: Inner Workings of the Process of Collaboration Marco Bettoni1 and Eddie Obeng2 1Steinbeis Consulting Center Knowledge Management and Collaboration, Basel, Switzerland 2Pentacle Virtual Business School, Beaconsfield, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.084 Abstract: The Pyramid Principle says that online collaboration will be engaging, inclusive, empowering and high-performance if it is organised according to a pyramid of seven layers (elements), with knowledge sharing as the next layer below collaboration and with physical space (real or virtual) as the largest, most fundamental layer at the bottom of the pyramid. Knowledge sharing is the key to successful online collaboration and space, which underlies all thoughts (Immanuel Kant, 1787), is what provides a stable ground for the 5 upper layers on which online collaboration, at the top of the pyramid, must be based. Our paper will first review related literature dealing with knowledge sharing and its relevance to collaboration. Then, in the central part, we will explain in detail the Pyramid Principle and its seven layers. Finally, we will analyse and compare two types of commercial platforms (2D and 3D) for synchronous digital collaboration, focusing on how well they contribute to implementing the Pyramid Principle.

Keywords: knowledge sharing, new collaboration, collaboration process, collaborative patterns, digital collaboration

Towards a Comprehensive Knowledge Continuity Management Framework Catalin Bidian and Max Evans McGill University, School of Information Studies, Montreal, Canada DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.082

Abstract: Employee departure, promotion, transfer, or retirement puts organizations at risk of losing critical knowledge. This loss can be mitigated through activities that identify critical knowledge and construct a plan for its transfer from incumbent employees to their successors. Consequently, organizations need to develop and implement a comprehensive knowledge continuity management (KCM) strategy.Although KCM frameworks exist, they are highly domain and context specific, being developed for a certain work

13 environment. This makes them difficult to generalize to other environments. Moreover, they have divergent terminology, stages, and activities, making it challenging to establish practical guidelines and organizational strategies using more than one approach. The purpose of this study is to methodologically construct a comprehensive KCM framework built with stages and associated activities of well-established frameworks. This paper presents a summarized review of twelve theoretical frameworks from three related areas of research: human capital management, succession planning, and knowledge management (KCM, knowledge loss, knowledge retention). Commonalities in stages and activities are discussed, based on content, narrative, and thematic analyses. The findings point to five thematic similarities: 1) conducting a knowledge audit; 2) establishing the KCM objectives and scope, and assigning responsibilities; 3) planning the KCM implementation and conducting a pilot; 4) performing the knowledge transfer; and 5) integrating the KCM into the organizational culture and establishing support programs. These themes constitute the basis of sequencing stages and assigning corresponding activities in a proposed KCM framework.

Keywords: knowledge continuity management, organizational knowledge loss, knowledge transfer, succession planning, human capital management

Citizenship Knowledge Acquisition in Local Governments: The Participatory Budgeting Process Evandro Bocatto and Eloisa Perez-de-Toledo MacEwan University, Edmonton, Canada DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.138 Abstract: The participatory budget of Brazilian municipalities is one of the most publicized examples of democracy-in-action that fosters citizenship knowledge acquisition in the public sector. The seminal successful experiment was enacted in the end of the 1990s from the process first implemented in needy barrios (i.e. neighborhoods), often slums, in the city of Porto Alegre. This research adds two new perspectives to the participatory process. The first one demonstrates how knowledge is managed and conveyed and, most importantly, why it is shared. In the participatory budget, citizens learn, what critical theory call, to emancipate. They act as if they were members of an ideal kingdom of ends in which they were both subjects and sovereigns at the same time which guarantees citizenship engagement, learning and development. We call this first perspective, the knowledge acquisition process. At second, we place the change, or advancement of the public service. Public servants often labelled negatively ‘technocrats’

14 become facilitators of citizens’ knowledge acquisition. Servants use their expertise and experiences to add information to the decision-making process made by and for the citizens. Public service redefines its meaning which becomes related to social change, viz. citizenship participation and deliberation, and wealth redistribution. In this qualitative research, our methodological bricolage relies on the triangulation of methods (i.e. documentation review and observations of behaviors and procedures; in-depth-interviews; and, focus groups) and sources (i.e. comparison of cases). The bricolage deconstructs these social actions on their constituents, viz. hidden intentions; plans and instruments; and, implementation.

Keywords: participatory budgeting, citizenship knowledge acquisition, knowledge management in government, critical research methodology

“CoMod” A Model to Support Collaboration and Innovation Between Digital Innovation Labs and SMEs Karsten Böhm and Christian Paul FH Kufstein Tirol - University of Applied Sciences, Kufstein, Austria DOI: 1034190/KM.19.066 Abstract: For a number of different reasons the cooperation between Digital Innovation Labs (e.g. FabLabs) and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is currently not being used to its full extent. This paper reports on the results of an applied research project in Italy and Austria that aims at supervising, stimulating and assisting the cooperation between Labs and SMEs with a number of pilot projects that have been executed on different locations in two countries. It sheds light on the challenges and direct as well as indirect benefits of such a cooperation for all involved partners. The findings of the specific projects are used to derive a generalized Cooperation Model for FabLabs and SME (“CoMod”). This model can be used to provide guidance to other Labs and SMEs to realize the benefits of a collaborative Innovation project. For the Knowledge Management community, the project demonstrates, that the collaboration between Labs and SMEs involves significant amounts of tacit knowledge, which can be made more visible using our model.

Keywords: FabLabs, collaboration, innovation, knowledge transfer, rapid prototyping, SME

15 Imperfect Knowledge, Fake Knowledge, Counter Knowledge: Case Studies and Institutional Countermeasures Ettore Bolisani1, Jorge Cegarra-Sánchez2, Juan-Gabriel Cegarra- Navarro3 and Eva Martínez Caro3 1DTG – Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Italy and IAKM – International Association for Knowledge Management - 2Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Spain 3Departamento de Economía de la Empresa, Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, Spain DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.025 Abstract: In the information and knowledge society in which we all assume that it is necessary to learn, also arises the need to be cautious about the content on which we base our knowledge. Counter-knowledge is defined as knowledge learned from unverified sources of information including hoaxes, rumour or partial lies. One of the contexts most prone to the presence of counter- knowledge is the health sector, when someone who is sick and suffers from a chronic illness, tends to seek for miraculous cures. This paper illustrates three cases in the recent history of Italy regarding the application of healthcare treatments. These cases show how the “public authorities” struggled to regain credibility due to the amplification and diffusion of elements of counter- knowledge. By using theories and concepts derived from the KM field, the cases are analysed to highlight the weakness of the “official” (and supposedly credible) sources of knowledge when they must face the upsurge of so many producers of unverifiable elements of knowledge, amplified by social media. Useful lessons for public institutions are finally derived. The findings also complement the KM studies by providing a clearer definition of counter-knowledge and lessons to managers and decision makers, as to how they may overcome the presence of counter-knowledge.

Keywords: counter-knowledge, unverified information, Di Bella, Stamina, No VAX, case study

16 Knowledge Management in SMEs in Poland in Comparison to big Corporations: Pilot Study Wiktor Bołkunow Collegium of Management and Finance, Warsaw School of Economics, Poland DOI: 10.34190/KM19.041

Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to conduct pilot studies on the main characteristics of knowledge management (KM) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland, especially in comparison to big corporations. The main goal was to define the key challenges connected with KM in SMEs and suggest some solutions. The reason for the choice of the research question was that, although SMEs play a very important role in the economic development of Poland, they are quite vulnerable to business failure due to the limited amount of resources at their disposal. Well-thought out management of knowledge, which is nowadays one of the most valuable assets, could increase their chances of development and business success. A synthetic review of the literature on knowledge management in SMEs was conducted and presented. Opinions of respondents with work experience in both SMEs and big companies in Poland in the form of semi-structured interviews were gathered and analyzed. The results are presented in this paper, followed by discussion and implications. The main conclusion is that SMEs face many more challenges connected with effective knowledge management in comparison to big companies and tend to perceive that investing in KM is a luxury they cannot afford. The prevailing strategy of KM is the personalization strategy. The main problems concern a lack of codification of knowledge and lack of training for staff. Recommendations for the owners of SMEs include trying, despite constant lack of time and money, to organize some valuable training for their staff, setting up codification procedures for the key business processes and implementing low-cost IT tools. All companies, regardless of their size, can benefit from creating a positive, friendly atmosphere of cooperation among their employees. As the study was meant to be a pilot study, a further, more comprehensive research into the subject will be worth conducting.

Keywords: knowledge management, SMEs, corporations, Poland, personalization strategy

17 An Agile Knowledge Sharing Platform for Risk Management in SMEs Lucas Peter Brasen, Oliver Fuglsang Grooss, Rasmus Tange Præstegaard, Pernille Clausen and Torben Tambo Department of Business Development and Technology, Herning, Denmark DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.172

Abstract: Structuring, distributing, and managing knowledge (KM) can be especially challenging in Small and Midsized Enterprises (SMEs) with limited manpower and technology resources. When maintaining updated, relevant, and actionable knowledge on risk management (RM) in a company, it is critical to enact proper KM design and approaches fitting the limited capabilities of the SME. This paper presents and analyses a conceptual approach for SMEs to work with RM in a simple workshop setting that helps employees and management to identify, track, and respond to risks dynamically. The design of this research is based on creation of a risk matrix and a risk action board with six variants of parameters set from ISO 31000 and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA). The boards are physical in A0 size and highly coloured. The boards are developed from a pre-screening and requirement elicitation process in six different companies in three different industries with observations and selected interviews as the basic methods of data collection. This paper’s originality lies in the conveyance of a highly visible and dynamic visualization of current knowledge that addresses the full organization on a daily basis. The introduction of RM as a cornerstone in the fundamental shop floor KM processes of daily communication is proving a valuable tool in both KM, RM, and employee engagement. The main research implication of this paper is that it provides a better and more detailed understanding of the otherwise abstract RM concepts and their application on the shop floor level. RM is assumed to reach a more communicable and inclusive format. Long term impacts still remain to be investigated.

Keywords: knowledge management, risk management, FMEA, small and midsize enterprise, shop floor communication

18 A Strategic View on the Knowledge Dynamics Models Used in Knowledge Management Constantin Bratianu Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania Academy of Romanian Scientists, Romania DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.074 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to perform a critical analysis of the organizational knowledge dynamics models in a strategic perspective, based on metaphorical thinking, strategic thinking and the known-unknown matrix. Metaphorical thinking is necessary because the semantic field of the knowledge concept depends on the metaphor used in explaining it. For instance, the first generation of metaphors of the form “knowledge as objects” or “ knowledge as stocks” are by definition static, while the second generation of metaphors of the type “knowledge as flow” or “knowledge as stocks-and-flows” are dynamic in the Newtonian logic. The third generation of metaphors of the type “knowledge as love” or “knowledge as energy” introduces the idea of knowledge transformation like in thermodynamics. The analysis is focused on the Nonaka’s knowledge creation dynamics model, the Nissen’s knowledge flows model, and the Organizational Knowledge Dynamics (OKD) model.Knowledge dynamics is a complex concept which can be applied to both personal knowledge and organizational knowledge. Within the framework of personal knowledge, knowledge dynamics integrates two different meanings: variation of knowledge in time and knowledge transformation. Changing the framework from personal to organizational knowledge allows us to introduce a new meaning: variation of knowledge in space. Thus, organizational knowledge dynamics refers to any aspect of changing the knowledge distribution in time and space within the organization boundaries, or changing the knowledge quality through transformation from one form of knowledge into another one. Knowledge dynamics models based on the variation of knowledge in time and space follow a Newtonian logic, while the knowledge dynamics models based on knowledge transformation follow a thermodynamic logic. Understanding organizational knowledge dynamics is fundamental in performing knowledge management and design knowledge strategies. The contribution of the paper is in explaining the correlations between each of these well-known models and designing knowledge strategies. Static models impose severe limits in developing knowledge strategies and both managers and practioners should be aware of this phenomenon.

Keywords: knowledge dynamics, knowledge flow, metaphorical thinking, organizational knowledge, knowledge strategies, strategic thinking

19 Boundary Objects as Facilitators of Knowledge Transfer in Project Based Organisations Rosanna Butters and Meri Duryan Transport for London, UK University College London, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.016 Abstract: Boundary objects are tools used to transfer knowledge across organisational and functional divides. Where boundaries can create challenges for organisational learning and knowledge management, boundary objects can be an effective tool for overcoming them through translation and communication. Much of the project work in today’s large infrastructure organisations is carried out by cross-functional teams under pressure to deliver project objectives on time and within budget and it is crucial for staff to access meaningful information and knowledge from experts in the organisations involved in projects and from other areas of the business. Understanding the features that make boundary objects effective can improve organisational learning and better inform decision-making, eventually improving organisational performance. This paper assesses whether the features of boundary objects found to be effective in biological and manufacturing environments are valid in project-based industries, particularly construction. The findings suggest that, by maximising the efficacy of boundary objects, large construction organisations can address the knowledge-sharing issues literature has identified as arising from the complex and temporary nature of construction projects. This article contributes to theory by identifying three new features of boundary objects, in addition to those listed by Leigh Star, that are used effectively in the organisation under scrutiny. The findings also demonstrate that all of the features in Star’s theory contribute to knowledge transfer in a project-based environment, although not all are as effective compared to other industries.

Keywords: boundary objects, knowledge sharing, construction projects, organisational learning

20 Return on Expectations: An Academic Assessment of a Large KM Project Barry Byrne Maynooth University, Ireland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.244 Abstract: This paper examines an award-winning technology enabled Information and Knowledge Management (IKM) programme carried out by the Irish Defence Forces (DF). The programme introduced new procedures, a new staffing function and a new enterprise-wide collaboration platform for knowledge discovery and sharing. This paper begins by outlining the importance of this research and stating the research question. The second section looks at the methods of assessing programmes of this type. A Return On Expectations (ROE) methodology is selected as most suitable in this instance (Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick, 2010). The third section presents the findings and the paper concludes with a short summary and recommendations which are internationally relevant.

Keywords: information; knowledge, management, technology, return on expectations, Microsoft SharePoint, military, ISO 30401, research

Knowledge Sharing and Innovation: Systematic Review Delio Ignacio Castaneda and Sergio Cuellar Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.046 Abstract: Innovation is an organizational capacity to obtain competitive advantage. Knowledge sharing is the exchange of experience, skills, tacit and explicit knowledge between employees. A successful factor that leads to innovation is knowledge sharing. In the innovation context, knowledge sharing is the exchange of expertise oriented to create or improve products and services of value. The method employed in this study was a systematic review, covering knowledge sharing and innovation publications from 1973, when the first paper relating both topics was found, up to 2017. Two types of reports are presented. The first one is about the historical production of articles of knowledge sharing and innovation between the studied period and the second one is about the seminal articles in the relationship between these two topics. It is also presented the most representative papers identified by citation network and social network analysis. There were found four periods of the relationship innovation and knowledge sharing: embryonic, emergent, growth young and growth highest. The

21 relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation is still growing taking as indicator the number of published papers by year.

Keywords: knowledge sharing, innovation, systematic review

Towards a Conceptual Framework for Assessing KMSs Adoption Piera Centobelli1, Roberto Cerchione2 and Emilio Esposito1 1Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Italy 2Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, Italy DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.224

Abstract: This paper aims to review the literature on the topic of Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs) by considering the knowledge management (KM) process as a unit of analysis. The evolution of KM-related literature has highlighted that KMSs have undergone massive changes. A literature gap concerning the lack of theoretical lenses to investigate the process of KMSs adoption emerged. Therefore, a Knowledge Management System Organisation Environment framework was adapted by the Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework. This framework represents breeding ground for further research for improving the body of knowledge in the field of KMSs adoption. The formalization in a comprehensive research agenda offers the opportunity to draw a comprehensive framework for improving the body of knowledge in the KMSs field.

Keywords: conceptual framework; knowledge management system organisation environment framework; knowledge management (KM); knowledge management systems (KMSs); literature review

22 Understanding Effective Knowledge Sharing by IT Professionals in Chinese Social Networks Hui Chen1, Jose Miguel Baptista Nunes2, Gillian Ragsdell3 and Gaohui Cao1 1School of Information Management, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China 2School of Information Management, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China 3School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.180

Abstract: Knowledge sharing (KS) is an integral part of knowledge management (KM) and can be simply expressed as the process of making knowledge available to others. The research reported in this paper discusses Chinese social networks where knowledge sharing (KS) occurs between IT Professionals in China. Social networks in this study are defined as a series of social interactions that form intimate and reciprocal relations and in which knowledge and information are exchanged. In China, where social networks (like Wechat, Weibo, Zhihu, Xiaomuchong, LinkedIn and ResearchGate) have become part of the relationship- building fabric of Chinese professional communities, knowledge is customarily shared in these social networks where it spreads in “viral” modes far beyond the initial sharing intention or objectives. This phenomena has been addressed in journalistic outlets and popular media (blogs), but has not been studied systematically by KM academics in China. This paper aims to address this gap and uses an inductive grounded theory approach to research the nature of the Chinese social networks where knowledge sharing routinely occurs as an integral part of the working practices of the software/IT industry in China. The research suggest that KS trough these social networks does not seem to be confined to the boundaries of the company, but also involves friends, web-based communities of practice (CoP), professional networks, social media networks and even sharing with competing organisations. Within these social networks different social circles co-exist: personal circles, professional circles, organisational circles, informal circles and web-based communities of practice. The study shows that, in modern China there is no clear boundary between these types of social circles and that due to the affordances of network applications, social media and Chinese cultural traits, practitioners share their experiences and knowledge with others for a number of reasons ranging from professional needs, organisational requirement and advertisement as well as because they have strong trust relationships with each other.

23 Keywords: professional knowledge, professional knowledge sharing, Chinese social networks, Chinese social circles, knowledge sharing behaviours, IT professionals

Knowledge Management Process Through a Cloud Computing Based Approach Imane Chikhi and Hafida Bouarfa Blida 1 University, LRDSI Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Blida, Algeria DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.121 Abstract: Technology is one of the most important factors that knowledge Management (KM) should be kept aligned with, in order to keep itself powerful and useful. Cloud Computing is known as one of the latest innovations in modern technology. In this paper, we study the impact of the Cloud Computing on organizational KM process. Our study is based on existing KM works involving Cloud Computing. The KM process model adopted in this paper is based on several KM process models proposed in the literature. We stand out a KM process that derives benefits and common points from existing proposals. The derived KM process includes the following sub processes: Knowledge Spotting, Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Formalization, Knowledge Sharing, Knowledge Utilization, Knowledge Update and Organizational Environment related sub process. We then analyze existing KM works involving Cloud Computing against the defined KM process. Some KM sub processes are few addressed within a Cloud Computing environment namely the Knowledge Spotting, the knowledge utilization and the Organizational Environment related sub processes. Afterwards, we distinguish the KM process features in a Cloud Computing Environment basically knowledge user oriented and dispersion of KM process activities, actors (knowledge holders, knowledge consumers like employees, domain experts, deciders etc.) and resources (organization’s information systems, cloud resources etc.). Finally, we propose a KM approach based on Cloud Computing paradigm. It’s a Framework to achieve a KM infrastructure using Cloud Computing technology and taking into account all the KM sub processes. Our approach includes the requirements and constraints of each KM sub process activities within Cloud Computing environment. It is mainly based on knowledge engineering. The proposed approach is a distributed KM approach, service oriented approach, and both explicit and tacit knowledge oriented approach. The main components of the proposed Frameworks are presented including the knowledge cloud services base and the knowledge models related to KM sub processes.

24 Keywords: knowledge management process, cloud computing, cloud-based knowledge management, knowledge management framework

Knowledge Sharing Behaviour Among Academics in Chinese Universities

Hao-Fan Chumg1, Louise Cooke2, Jonathan Seaton2 and Ling Cao1 1School of Management Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China 2Centre for Information Management, School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.065 Abstract: With the ever-accelerating development and universal application of mobile communication technologies in China, mobile social networks are now playing a major role and are being widely utilised in the daily lives of Chinese academics. Such academics nowadays are involved in sharing their information and keeping in touch with others via social networks: in particular, WeChat or QQ. Accordingly, WeChat is now regarded as one of the most popular mobile social platforms in China with more than one billion active users all over the world by 2017. This is because of its diverse media functions, such as micro-video and voice-chat, and its ability to share texts, photos and videos. So, an increasing number of Chinese academics have become accustomed to spending time and energy on the WeChat platform with a view to maintaining and enlarging their scholarly and interpersonal relationships via this virtual social network. However, when considering social capital theory, which is based on Western thought, the Chinese people tend rather to engage in establishing and developing guanxi (a Chinese term meaning “interpersonal connections”). These are unique and pervasive interpersonal relationships based on the deep-rooted influence of Confucianism in the traditional Chinese culture. Although universities have been generally considered as knowledge-innovative and knowledge-intensive units, research into knowledge management in Chinese universities is extremely limited. Therefore, this research aims to contribute to an understanding of knowledge- sharing behaviour among academics in Chinese universities through the investigation of guanxi and the working habits that might affect them. A research model was constructed from individual cognitive, psychological and sociological factors that were considered to influence Chinese academics’ knowledge-sharing behaviour and then an empirical survey of 101 sets of valid data, collected from WeChat users, was analysed using structural equation modelling to test both the

25 measurement model and the structural model. Consequently, the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Keywords: knowledge management, knowledge-sharing behaviour, guanxi, working habits, academics

Knowledge Transfers Between Academia and the Creative Industry Gregory Curda1 and Knut Ingar Westeren2 1Faculty of Social Sciences, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway 2Faculty of Social Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.042 Abstract: Knowledge transfer has, for many years, been a subject of research viewed from many different aspects. Education is one main vehicle to upgrade the knowledge of the workforce and to train students in gaining the ability to transfer that knowledge to their employers. There is growing research on how a successful education gives the students the appropriate knowledge and the ability to transfer. In this study we look at one subfield that so far has gotten limited attention, namely how successful a university level education is in arming students with the knowledge required by the creative industry and the best possible dynamic between university and creative industry. The data material is based on a structured questionnaire to professors, students and professionals from the creative industry in Mid-Norway and we investigate transfer processes between these groups. The most triggering part of the project is the analysis of the degree to which the programs stimulate and develop the student’s creative abilities in a way that is consistent with industry needs. Occasionally, professionals from the creative industry claim that university education lowers the creative potential of the student instead of increasing it. Key findings of the results indicate that the university must be better able to balance tacit and explicit transfers to the students so they may carry it forward to the creative firms. Another important discussion is how to match and balance the cultural contexts of the students, the university and the creative industry to reach optimal results.

Keywords: knowledge transfer, creative industries, university education

26 Properties Evaluation Research Efficiency Based on R & D Multiplier Daniel Demidenko, Ekaterina Malevskaia-Malevich and Julia Dubolazova Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.213

Abstract: Analyzing the results of recent research in the field of generating the company's market value, we can conclude how important intangible assets are for companies. Such assets account for at least 50% of the value of all enterprises in the world. In order to be successful, enterprises must understand the role of R&D (Research and Development) in their manufacturing process. The article discusses methods for assessing the effectiveness of R&D implementation at various stages of the production process. The performance of any investment project requires both capital investments in fixed assets and working capital, as well as R&D costs. The proportions between investments in R&D and capital investments can be expressed through the so-called R&D multiplier. Based on the R&D multiplier, various project performance indicators can be built, since the indicator itself is a modification of the profitability indicator. For innovative enterprises the definition of R&D multiplier can be expand - as the ratio of R&D cost and the development of new products to all the enterprise total costs. This will allow reallocating costs in favor of increasing the R&D costs share and the new product in conditions of limited resources.

Keywords: innovative enterprise, R&D evaluation, effectiveness

Knowledge Sharing in an Agile Organization Souâd Demigha1 and Radwan Kharabsheh2 1Research Department of Computer Science (CRI), Sorbonne University, Paris, France 2Department of Business Administration, Applied Science University, Kingdom of Bahrain DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.102

Abstract: The goal of this paper is to identify fields requiring improvement in “organizational knowledge sharing” in an agile organizations. It has been proven that “agile methods” highly facilitate “knowledge sharing” in a project team. Agile development allows a productive, flexible, and adaptive environment, when 27 limitations of knowledge sharing are important. Knowledge is an important resource for agile organisations. This knowledge is transformed into products and services during the development process. Knowledge sharing is essential throughout any organisation. Knowledge creates the value for the organisation and this value increases when it is shared. Organisational knowledge sharing aims at transferring to the organisation the information, skills and expertise a person or team has. Nowadays, “agile development methods” have attracted particular attention in the software development community. Agile development approaches rely on socialization through communication and collaboration to access and share tacit knowledge within project teams. However, implementing knowledge sharing is not an easy task for agile development teams compared to its increased demand. The main benefit of Agile Project Management is its ability to respond to issues as they arise throughout the course of the project. Making a necessary change to a project at the right time can save resources and, ultimately, help deliver a successful project on time and within budget. Agile project methodology breaks down projects into small pieces that are completed in work sessions that run from the design phase to testing and quality assurance. These sessions are called “sprints”, the term for iteration used in one specific and popular agile development method known as “scrum”. In this paper, we will explore the role that “knowledge sharing” plays in agile organizations. We will review agile methods and agile practices available in the literature improving “organizational knowledge sharing” in an agile company and finally, review survey knowledge sharing techniques for agile software engineering. The development of the survey will be an object for another paper.

Keywords: knowledge sharing, agile organization, organizational knowledge sharing

A Review of Expert Involvement in Developing mHealth Applications for Diabetes Self-Management Wafeequa Dinath University of Johannesburg, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.029 Abstract: Mobile health (mHealth) applications for the self-management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) are said to have great potential to assist individuals living with T1DM to manage their illness more effectively. However, the lack of expert involvement in the development of these mHealth applications pose a serious risk towards consumers. mHealth applications that provide medical advice that is incorrect can harm users that rely on the mHealth application to treat their

28 illness. For this reason, the study reviewed healthcare practitioner and scientific association involvement in the development of mHealth applications for diabetes self-management. A systematic search comprising of specific search terms, was carried out on Google’s Play Store for mHealth applications intended for managing T1DM. These applications were then reviewed in order to determine the target market, categories, developer, the date that the application was last updated, price as well as whether a healthcare practitioner or diabetes association took part in the development of the mHealth application. A total of 584 mHealth applications were found on Google Play Store but only 321 mHealth applications met the criteria. In terms of the target market, 77.22% of the applications were targeted towards consumers and only 19.8% were targeted towards healthcare practitioners. In terms of categories, 48.51% of applications were classified under health and fitness and 48,52% under medical, leading consumers to believe that these applications are credible. In terms of expert involvement in the development of the applications, 31.68% of the applications had scientific society involvement, 28.71% of the applications had healthcare practitioner involvement and 39.61% had no expert involvement. Even though an increasing amount of consumers are turning towards mHealth applications to assist them with managing their health, there is a lack of expert involvement in the development of mHealth applications for diabetes self-management. Until this issue is officially addressed, application developers should acquire expert involvement when developing these applications. If consumers can tell which applications are credible, the risks associated with using the applications to help manage their illness will be less.

Keywords: mobile health applications, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, diabetes self- management, expert involvement, application development

Adolescents Using Mobile Health Applications for the Management of Diabetes Wafeequa Dinath and Martie Mearns University of Johannesburg, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.028 Abstract: The current era can be referred to as a mobile health (mHealth) revolution as mHealth applications created for smartphones are flourishing in the market. Research shows that the quality of life for individuals living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) can be enhanced through effective management by using smartphones. The social, emotional and physical behaviour of adolescents has the biggest impact on trying to achieve this objective. Evidence suggests that

29 the use of mHealth applications can be used for the effective self-management of T1DM. Therefore, by generating recommendations that adolescents can adhere to, particularly when using mHealth applications could help them manage their T1DM more effectively. The main objective of this study was to determine what recommendations would enable adolescents to utilise mHealth applications effectively to assist them with managing their T1DM. A qualitative research methodology was carried out in order to find out how mHealth applications can assist adolescents with managing their illness more effectively. The sample consisted of 15 adolescents that were finding it difficult to manage their T1DM and were identified by their healthcare practitioners. The group of adolescents used four specific mHealth applications for ten days each. Evaluation criteria tools were then used to rate the specific mHealth applications for diabetes self- management and focus group interviews were conducted in order to determine the views, opinions and experiences of the adolescents who used the mHealth applications. Recommendations were then generated in order to serve as something similar to that of an instruction manual as to how mHealth applications for diabetes self-management should be used. This instruction manual was then tested to determine whether it could assist adolescents with managing their T1DM using mHealth applications, and was proven successful. One of the key recommendations that were made was that the adolescent needs to identify exactly what he or she finds difficult to manage about T1DM. In turn, the adolescent then needs to find a mHealth application that has that feature which will assist the adolescent with managing the issue.

Keywords: mobile health applications, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, adolescents, diabetes self-management, recommendations

Defining What is Learned: Challenges in Continuous Learning and Improvement Anandasivakumar Ekambaram and Andreas Økland SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.261

Abstract: This paper is connected to a research project called Rezbuild (REfurbishment decision making platform through advanced technologies for near Zero energy BUILDing renovation). Rezbuild is a European Union project that aims to define a collaborative refurbishment ecosystem focused on the existing residential building stock. This paper is based on a study that investigates the Rezbuild project in order to find out systematically and periodically the project partners' reflection on their experiences in the project so far. The experiences can 30 include, among other things, best practices, lessons learned, challenges and opportunities. These findings can be translated into learning and then performance improvement. Hence, this paper embarks on the following research question: How to improve performance of a research project systematically by continuous learning? To answer this question, it is vital to define what we learn and what knowledge that we have actually gained. This paper aims to shed some light on certain vital aspects of making such definition. This is the major focus of this paper. The primary way to capture learning in the project is carried out by the following manner: Rezbuild has regular meetings with all of its partners – twice a year (in addition to more frequent online meetings). These meetings are arenas for collective reflection, sharing knowledge and experience, identifying challenges and opportunities. A questionnaire is used to capture lessons learned in a six month period between project-partner-meetings. The questionnaire too provides possibilities for reflection and hence contributes to learning. It deals with, for instance, the following issues: The degree of understanding that is obtained regarding own and other work-packages, as well as the project as whole Skills that contributed to the project and the challenges of the project during the period Improvement possibilities Most interesting result for the project partner and the corresponding organization, obtained during the period Information obtained from the project partners will be analyzed and shared regularly, so that appropriate actions can be devised to improve performance of the project.

Keywords: reflection, conversation, dialog, sense making, ba, building refurbishment

Exploring Knowledge Creation and Absorption in Higher Education Partnerships Enis Elezi University of Bolton, Greater Manchester, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.154 Abstract: This paper focuses on investigating the role of Knowledge Management (KM) in the development of UK HE partnerships. Even though KM is an extensive area and involves numerous activities that take place in managing the knowledge, this paper aims to explore aspects of knowledge creation and knowledge absorption in the UK Higher Education Partnerships. Therefore the ontology of this research study embraces a subjective approach which establishes the grounds for an interpretivistic epistemology. The author explores the phenomena of knowledge creation and knowledge absorption through an expert panel methodology. The panel was composed of eight individuals with an extensive

31 amount of experience in initiating, developing and managing UK HE partnerships at operational and executive levels. The demographic details of the panellists are presented in the Research Methodology section. Applying an expert panel methodology allowed the author to use elicitation techniques and gather experiential knowledge. The author was able to establish an understanding of how HE staff can create new knowledge and what HE institutions could do to absorb and improve institutional absorption capacities. Findings suggest that clashes or conflicts amongst staff can have a positive impact in generating new knowledge if they are not related to clarity in instructions, accountability and expectations but focus on strategic vision, managerial philosophies, principles and ways of "doing things”. Additionally, this research highlights that HE institutions absorb knowledge, although not consistently or at the best of their capacities. Absorption of knowledge supports the partnership maturity when working collaboratively while allowing institutions to enhance their competitiveness.

Keywords: partnerships, higher education, knowledge creation, knowledge absorption, absorptive capacities, expert panel

The Impact of the Employer's Brand Image on Knowledge Sharing Pedro Manuel do Espírito Santo1, Vítor Hugo Santos Ferreira2 and Alzira Maria Ascensão Marques3 1Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra - ESTGOH, Coimbra, Portugal 2Instituto Politécnico de Leiria (CDRSP), Leiria, Portugal 3ESTG, CARME, Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.142 Abstract: Knowledge Sharing is a key driver of firm performance, but it relies on firm’s ability of retaining its most capable human resources and creating worker‐ centered environments to encourage the open sharing and use of all forms of knowledge. Attracting the right people through brand image and creating the conditions for employees to live the company in a passionate way, with high trust and commitment (with high team cohesion), will lead to a more long-term orientation thus allowing for increased Knowledge sharing (tacit and explicit). Through a case-study based approach, using data from a Portuguese company with 302 employees, we analyzed the impact of the employer's brand image on knowledge sharing mediated by team cohesion and long-term employee orientation. The results of the model tested through PLS-SEM showed that brand image produces effects on knowledge sharing. These effects are mediated through the decisive role of team cohesion. 32 Keywords: employer brand image, team cohesion, long term orientation, knowledge sharing

The Role of Employee Relations Management in Improving Employee Performance Mohamed Essa1 and Rami Abu Wadi2 1HR Zain Bahrain, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain 2Ahlia University, Department of Accounting and Economics, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.267

Abstract: This research investigates the relationship between Employee Relationship Management (ERM) and employees’ performance in the telecommunication sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain. ERM’s main components considered in this research include improving retention, internal culture, supporting creativity and job security. The data of the research was collected using a questionnaire which was distributed to 343 employees working in the telecommunication sector. The findings indicated that there is a positive relationship between employee relationship management components and employee performance. Thus, the researchers recommend that firms should pay special attention to ERM components by carefully incorporating them into their strategy to develop and maintain employees’ skills, abilities, motivation to enable them to carry out their duties and tasks as essential variable components of its great effect on employee performance in the long term.

Keywords: employee relationship management, employee performance, knowledge management, telecommunication sector

Designing a Tool to Assess Professional Competences: Theoretical Foundations and Potential Applications Florian Fahrenbach, Alexander Kaiser, Florian Kragulj and Clemens Kerschbaum Institute for Information Business, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.103 Abstract: This conceptual paper outlines the descriptive theoretical foundations or kernel theories for designing an information and communication technology 33 (ICT) tool to assess professional competences in the Austrian trade and craft sector. Upon completion, the ICT-tool serves as a boundary object in which applicants and assessors can interact. While this paper consists of a literature review and conceptual discussion, the overall project is methodologically placed within a multidisciplinary design-science paradigm. Design science scaffolds and structures the development of a theoretical model, the generation of assessment- items and the ICT-tool itself. This paper discusses the necessary descriptive knowledge or kernel theories on which the design of the ICT-tool rests. First, we describe the validation of prior learning – a process advocated by the European Union to make professional competences visible. Second, we describe the process how professional competences come about: through formal, non-formal and informal learning. Subsequently, we outline a knowledge-driven discourse on professional competences and discuss how different definitions of professional competence afford different approaches for its assessment. By presenting a use- case, we outline how the ICT-tool may guide applicants and assessors through this process.

Keywords: professional competences, assessment of competences, learning outcomes, validation of prior learning, design science, ICT-tool

The Perspective of Human Resource Management Practices as Determinants of Knowledge Management Processes Elisa Figueiredo1, Leonor Pais2 and Lisete Mónico2 1Research Unit for Inland Development at Guarda Polytechnic Institute, Portugal 2Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at University of Coimbra, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.240 Abstract: This article aims to present the results of our research focused on the study of organizational processes related to knowledge and on their operational dependence on the nature of assumptions operating in processes of human resource management (HRM) in organizations, framed by the issue of intellectual capital (IC). It concentrates particularly on practices related to job analysis and description, recruitment and selection and integration. It aims to access knowledge of the representativeness of application of the processes referred to and understand their relational dynamics. The empirical study of a quantitative nature, aiming to respond to the central matter of investigation, according to

34 which the perspective forming the HRM practices implemented in an organization has an impact on how knowledge management (KM) processes operate therein. The sample is made up of 5306 collaborators in 634 organizations belonging to a public Portuguese economic group in the banking sub-sector. Data were collected through two questionnaires: HRMP – Human Resource Management Practices and KM – Knowledge Management. This article intends to contribute to the IC literature in public sector organizations analyzing the relationship between HRM and KM.

Keywords: intellectual capital, knowledge management, human resource management, practices and processes

How to Measure Tacit Knowledge: Lessons From 35 Years of Psychological Research Ilja Frissen1, Max Evans1 and Anthony Wensley2 1School of Information studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada 2University of Toronto Mississauga, Canada DOI.10.34190/KM.19.133

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to champion a cognitive psychological theory of tacit knowledge and its concomitant research methods. This method, developed by Robert Sternberg and colleagues at Yale University nearly four decades ago, has previously been used in contexts such as management, sales, academia, and the military. The theory considers tacit knowledge to be an aspect of practical intelligence, a concept that recognizes that intellectual skills and knowledge inculcated through traditional schooling satisfy only a subset of those needed to provide support for successful real-world pursuits. Practical intelligence is related to how easily an individual acquires and uses tacit knowledge. The theory is grounded in mental processes for encoding and storing information in, and retrieving it from, episodic, semantic, and procedural memory. This theory explains how tacit knowledge becomes a subset of procedural knowledge and thereby, among other things, provides a rationale as to why tacit knowledge is difficult to articulate. At the core of Sternberg’s method for measuring tacit knowledge are a set of work-related situations developed on the basis of interviews with, and appraisals by, successful practitioners. Situations pose cases that are representative of real-world problems and participants indicate how they would solve the problems by rating a set of response items. Data collected with the inventory can be analysed in various ways. In one approach, scores for the tacit knowledge items are compared across groups. In another, within-group

35 relations are established between tacit knowledge and criteria designed for measuring work-related performance. In spite of its solid theoretical foundations and its practicable method, the theory has had virtually no uptake in the Knowledge Management research community. By providing an overview of the theory, a tutorial on how to apply the research method, and examples of applications, this paper builds an argument for the wider adoption of this cognitive approach to understanding and researching tacit knowledge.

Keywords: tacit knowledge theory and measurement, practical intelligence, methodology, tutorial, cognitive psychology, procedural memory

The Effects of Social Capital’s Relational Dimension on Tacit and Explicit Knowledge Sharing Rosangela Fritscher Santos1 and Mírian Oliveira2 1PUCRS, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil 2Advance/CSG, Lisboa, Portugal and PUCRS, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.086 Abstract: Software development companies are knowledge intensive and usually adopt either traditional or agile methods to drive their projects. This paper concentrates on organizations that have been using Agile Methods (AM), which focus is, from a knowledge perspective, on tacit knowledge. Although the knowledge might flow well within agile teams, there are often opportunities in terms of knowledge flowing across teams’ boundaries, which can negatively impact organizational learning. Furthermore, difficult relations between individuals within an organization may constitute a barrier to knowledge sharing (KS). Given this scenario, this article aims to analyse the influence of the relational dimension of social capital theory on tacit and explicit KS among individuals from different software development teams. To this end, a survey was conducted among individuals working in software development teams using agile methodology in which 205 completed questionnaires were collected. The data were analysed using descriptive measures and partial least squares structural equation modelling. The findings show: 1) reciprocity directly influences tacit and explicit KS; 2) norms of cooperation and trust directly influence tacit KS; 3) reciprocity, norms of cooperation and trust indirectly influence explicit KS; and 4) tacit KS influences explicit KS. These findings are aligned with the characteristics of AM, which prioritise tacit knowledge. This study should help managers and scholars: 1) identify how to increase KS among individuals from different teams using AM; and 2) understand the relevance of reciprocity, which is the only

36 motivation directly associated with tacit and explicit KS among individuals from different teams.

Keywords: tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, knowledge sharing, relational social capital, agile, software development

A Framework Integrating Technical, Social and Managerial Aspects of Effective Knowledge Management Josef Gammel1, Gennadiy Koltun2, Johan Buchholz2, Tobias Drewlani2, Juliane Wissel2, Christoph Hollauer2, Katharina Kugler1, Michael Zaggl2 and Birgit Vogel-Heuser2 1Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany 2Technical University of Munich, Germany DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.106

Abstract: Organizations must manage their knowledge resources effectively to perform well in competitive markets. However, with products, services, and processes becoming more complex, knowledge within organizations is highly diverse, dynamic, and distributed among different people and technical systems. Conventional knowledge management (KM) approaches are often not capable of addressing this complexity. To support organizations in handling the diversity, dynamics, and distribution of knowledge – and thus, enable them to better manage and exploit their knowledge resources – we present a socio-technical framework for organizational KM based on theories from information systems engineering, psychology, and sociology. The framework integrates the following technical, social, and managerial aspects of KM: (1) The technological formalization of knowledge (How does technology make existing knowledge available?); (2) the social organization of knowledge (How is knowledge socially distributed and linked across different people?); and (3) managerial practices concerning the exploration and exploitation of knowledge (How do organizational rules and structures support KM?). More specifically, we suggest application- oriented modeling techniques as a way of formalizing knowledge to make it available to both people and machines. Furthermore, we include transactive memory systems (i.e., knowledge about who knows what and communication between people to use that knowledge) in our framework to foster the identification and usage of relevant knowledge distributed among different individuals. Finally, because technological and transactive memory systems operate within an organizational context, the framework includes institutional 37 reflexivity, a model for reflecting on and stabilizing changing requirements and practices in organizational KM. The framework was pre-evaluated by two independent expert groups consisting of managers, engineers, and researchers with backgrounds in innovation management and KM. We further suggest a tool for systematically diagnosing KM practices in organizations via questionnaire based on our theoretical framework. We conclude that technical, social, and managerial aspects must be addressed simultaneously to successfully organize and exploit existing knowledge.

Keywords: knowledge management, knowledge dynamics, knowledge formalization, transactive memory systems, institutional reflexivity

Knowledge Management, Strategic Decision-Making, Intuition and Planning Effectiveness Daniele Giampaoli¹, Selena Aureli2 and Massimo Ciambotti¹ ¹Urbino University, Italy 2Bologna University, Italy DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.156 Abstract: Academic studies on planning and strategic decision-making have traditionally contrasted the technocratic decision-making style with the intuitive- based style (Khandwalla, 1977; Covin et al, 2001; Elbanna, 2010), sustaining that the former leads to better decisions compared to the latter. A technocratic style consists in a highly rational and structured (systematic) process that requires managers to break down a problem into smaller pieces necessary to solve it, search and evaluate relevant objective information, and prefer the use of quantitative tools when assessing and choosing among alternatives (Grünig et al, 2005) . On the contrary, an intuitive style consists in the use “of the mass of facts, patterns, concepts, techniques, abstractions, and generally what we call formal knowledge or beliefs, which are impressed on our minds” (Barnard, cited in Simon, 1987). However, nowadays both styles are necessary. Firms have to rely on both managers’ rationality and intuition to make effective decisions because of today’s very complex and uncertain environment. Since information and knowledge are at the basis of both decision-making processes, we aim to understand the linkage between knowledge management practices, rationality and intuition, in order to analyse the impact they have on planning effectiveness. To test our hypotheses we developed a conceptual model in which knowledge management practices directly affect rationality, intuition and planning effectiveness. At the same time, we focused on the impact that rationality and intuition have on planning effectiveness. The model was empirically tested on a sample of 169 Italian 38 medium high-tech firms using structural equation modelling (SEM) based on consistent partial least square (PLSc). Results clearly show that knowledge management practices have a positive direct impact on rationality and planning effectiveness. In addition, knowledge management practices provide a strong contribution to intuition, but intuition has no impact on planning effectiveness. This paper enriches existing literature by highlighting the linkage between knowledge management practices and intuition, which has remained under researched in academia. The main limitation of this study concerns the fact that it focuses only on Italian technology-based firms and thus, results cannot be generalized.

Keywords: knowledge management, strategic decision-making, rationality, intuition, planning effectiveness

Knowledge Management, Intellectual Capital and Innovation Performance in Italian SMEs Daniele Giampaoli, Francesca Sgrò and Massimo Ciambotti Department of Economics, Society, Politics, Carlo Bo, Italy DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.143 Abstract: This research aims to provide empirical evidence on the relationship among knowledge management practices, intellectual capital and innovation performance, with the focus on Italian SMEs. Knowledge management and intellectual capital are two strictly related concepts, meaning that the first can be considered as the “motor” of growth and development of the latter. Therefore, changes among a firm’s performance can be due to the way they manage their knowledge and intellectual capital. This is particularly true in the case of small and medium enterprises, considering that due to a lack of physical and financial resources, their success depends on the knowledge, experience and skills of the owner and his employees. SMEs are often described as the backbone of the economy and the engine of economic growth in the industrialized world. In fact, 99% of companies within the European Union are classified as SMEs that employ 66% of its working population. Surprisingly, SMEs have received little attention regarding research compared with large firms. This study uses survey data from 194 Italian SMEs and consistent partial least squares technique. Results clearly show that knowledge management practices have a positive direct impact on each component of intellectual capital. At the same time, differently from structural and relational capital, human capital has no significative direct impact

39 on innovation performance. The main limitation of this study concerns the fact that it focuses only on Italian SMEs and thus, results cannot be generalized.

Keywords: SMEs, intellectual capital, knowledge management, innovation, performance

Generations X and Y in the Labour Market in the Czech Republic Veronika Gigalová and Nikol Naňáková Department of Sociology, Andragogy and Cultural Anthropology, Faculty of arts, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.027

Abstract: The paper deals with the topic of behaviour of Generation X and Generation of Millennials (also known as Generation Y) in labour market. In the near future it is assumed that the labour market will be formed particularly by these two generations. Millennials are still the most numerous generation and they are expected to from the major part of the global labour force in the coming years. The working behaviour of representatives of these generations can have specific features and this is closely linked with tacit knowledge because the final behaviour of workers is preceded by their specific thinking, belief, use of experience, abilities, and so on. The specifics that result from the differences in tacit knowledge between Generation X and the Generation of Millennials can be reflected in the need for a different way of managing this knowledge effectively as well as in the different ways of leading people representing these two generations. Organizations focusing on effective work with such tacit knowledge in creating a strategy should accept these specifics between generations. This paper presents the results of the analysis of existing foreign research dealing with this topic and the proposal of methodology for research of this issue as it affects the labour market in the Czech Republic.

Keywords: Generation Y, Generation X, labour market, Human resources management, work, employee, employer, of job seekers

40 Knowledge Management and Additive Manufacturing Technology: A Literature Review

Radu Godina1,2, Inês A. Ferreira2, Inês Brás2 Pedro Espadinha- Cruz1,2, Florinda Matos3 1UNIDEMI-Research and Development Unit in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal 2Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal 3DINÂMIA'CET-IUL - Centre for Socioeconomic Change and Territorial Studies, ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute, Lisboa, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.141

Abstract: In the current business environment with increasingly dynamic and with numerous technological innovations, human resources and the generated know- how are volatile. Knowledge and the way it is shared and retained in organizations has become a source of competitive advantage. It is, therefore, necessary to develop tools to help companies manage their knowledge and use it to leverage value creation. In the case of companies that use or can use additive manufacturing technology, often associated with 3D printing, knowledge management processes are even more important since they are part of a disruptive and emerging industry with innovative and complex products whose business models’ dynamics is not yet fully understood. Despite the great opportunities that this technology could provide, the uncertainties concerning its future developments and impacts on business models still remain. The goal of this literature review study is to get insights into publications that relate Additive Manufacturing Technology and Knowledge Management. The method used in this study is based on the analysis of all the data obtained from ISI Web of Science and Scopus. In terms of originality, this study aims to contribute and stimulate data- driven discussions regarding the possible impacts of the adoption of additive manufacturing regarding knowledge management strategies.

Keywords: Additive Manufacturing; New Business Models; Knowledge Management; 3D Printing

41 Management of Employee Competencies in Resource Management of an Enterprise Marek Goliński and Marek Miądowicz Faculty of Engineering Management, Poznan University of Technology, Poland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.147 Abstract: The issue of competency management is inextricably linked to the effective functioning of the company. Proper resource management determines the achievement of the company's objectives. Responsibility for the implementation of the entrusted activities and their effects lies with the employees, while the management staff is responsible for planning the organization and control of these activities. With the increasing importance of employee competences, information about access to them and its costs is the most important information in the implementation of the company's strategy. Detailed analysis of needs for employees’ competences in the enterprise, comparing this data with current tasks and plans for development is a factor as important as access to financial or information resources. Consideration of employee competencies takes place today based on the balancing of resources and manages competencies of employees. The article presents the research method and preliminary results of modeling of employee competence management in the context of system analysis, effectiveness of achieving goals and sustainable competence management to improvement of human potential. 80 companies representative of the Wielkopolska region took part in the research. The activities related to personnel management were analyzed, paying particular attention to the processes of identifying the company's competency needs, methods of employee recruitment, improvement of the employee potential and building the career path. The basic research problems that were raised in the article are examining the relationship between increasing the competitiveness of the company's activities and the applied methods of personnel management. The first part of the article presents various conditions of activities related to personnel management and identification of competence needs based on literature. The main part of the chapter describes examples of activities indicating the possibility of a model approach to competency management, taking into account preventive personnel management and the resource management approach to business management. A great emphasis was placed on the fact that objective identification of requirements for the workplace is a foundation for management of competences of future employees. Developing the model which describes the relationship between methods of staff management and improvement of enterprise’s competitiveness was

42 implemented, as an experiment, in examined enterprises. The utility of using a preventive approach to personnel management was confirmed by the examined enterprises. The premise for the authors of the article, to apply the resource approach in personnel management, was the great similarity between the "market offer of competence" presented by potential employees and the classical resources (raw materials, information, energy) needed in the production process.

Keywords: competency management, recruitment process, personnel management

Psychosocial Conditions for Knowledge Sharing in Healthcare Research Centers: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Tiago Gonçalves1, Carla Curado1 and Andrea Balle1 2 1ISEG, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 2PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.092 Abstract: Knowledge sharing is a complex psychosocial phenomenon often considered the main component of knowledge management. The literature in the healthcare sector is shifting, adopting a people-centered approach while still struggling with old-fashioned managerial practices. Healthcare research centers are knowledge-intensive environments dealing with the fragmented nature of knowledge, therefore increasing the need of collaboration between scientific peers (Zhang et al., 2017). This study uses the social psychology approach of the Theory of Reasoned Action to examine the impact of psychosocial factors as antecedents of knowledge sharing between scientific peers in healthcare. We follow a qualitative design and use a sample of 150 healthcare researchers to study the relation among the perceptions of a social network, shared goals, social trust, and knowledge sharing. We use a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify configurations that lead to the intention to share knowledge and its absence and to the knowledge sharing behavior and its absence. The findings show evidence of the proposed antecedents of the intention to share knowledge and their effect on knowledge sharing. Additionally, we offer and discuss configurations of causal conditions leading to the presence or absence of the intention to share knowledge and the knowledge sharing behavior considering tacit and explicit knowledge separately, aiming for a larger framework whose discussion can provide more insight of the phenomenon in the deployment of knowledge management practices. The theoretical contribution of this work is possible due to the methods used that adds to the literature in a unique and 43 original way only possible by using fsQCA, since traditional quantitative statistical methods only offer a single estimated solution for each dependent variable and do not estimate solutions for the absence of variables (Rihoux and Ragin, 2009). The small sample size is considered as a limitation of the study.

Keywords: knowledge sharing, psychosocial factors, theory of reasoned action, healthcare research centers, fsQCA

Organizing Training in the Context of Changing the Russian Pension System Natalia Goncharova Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.207

Abstract: The paper considers the possible ways for encouraging potential participants in the process of learning, retraining and further education of the elderly using innovative technologies and support of the state and interested enterprises. These ways include employing more of this category of people, forming their cultural and healthy leisure activities given that Russia is transferring to the new retirement conditions at an older age. The problem is analyzed, remedies are proposed and the need is substantiated to transform the current system of further education and retraining of the elderly, which should rely on the principles of co-financing both by the federal, regional and municipal authorities, on the one hand, and entrepreneurs, on the other one. Thus it will become possible to solve the problems of socioeconomic development of territories due to involving the elderly in skilled jobs, reducing the share of unemployed people and people with a low income. The study was conducted through sampling representative surveys of people in two compact rural and urban-type territories of the municipal district of St. Petersburg and through analyzing the statistics accumulated by the Russian Statistics Committee (Rosstat). We also reviewed the literature by the Russian and foreign authors referring to training the elderly and involving them in social life both for a fee and free of charge, including such directions as veteran organizations, organizations providing home attendance to counterparts, preservation of monuments, leisure and protection of animals. The proposed measures will make it possible to tackle the problem of a smoother adaptation of the elderly to the growing development pace of science-driven industries and to the change of their own status in social life.

44 Keywords: unemployed, elderly, retraining, personnel development, co-financing

Knowledge Management for Human Resources:Profile of a Generation Z Employee Magdalena Graczyk-Kucharska Poznan University of Technology, Poland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.146 Abstract: Knowledge Management can be defined as the creation and subsequent management of an environment that encourages knowledge to be created, shared, learnt, enhanced, organized and utilized for the benefit of the organization and its employees. One of the KM objectives is to create and share knowledge to provide access to necessary resources, including human resources. With the world undergoing continual changes, technologies and employees’ needs are changing too. Therefore, each enterprise should analyze them, which includes also the needs of potential employees and their way of working and cooperation. A skillful management of human resources plays an important role in today's enterprise. An enterprise is an organism that creates and protects values based on human relationships and financial indicators, which are the result of the quality of this cooperation. Employees' departures resulting from negative relationships cause businesses to incur many costs. In order to ensure appropriate human resources in an enterprise, some effort should be made to, among others, design and update the motivation system. If that is to happen, firstly, all activities in companies should be coordinated. Also employees’ key motivators should be discovered and known. KM in this area helps both to maximize the retention of employees and define the achievement of enterprise objectives. The main goal of this paper is to create the Generation Z profile of a job candidate. The paper also aims to carry out an analysis of the needs of young people entering the labour market, which are related to their work and career development. This knowledge may be used by companies to design motivation systems for the purpose of employee-retention and ensure human resources to achieve the objectives of organizations. The study was carried out on a group of 3393 respondents learning in technical schools in the most popular specializations which are needed by entrepreneurs in the Wielkopolska Region. All potential job candidates are classified as Generation Z born after 2000. This particular group has not been widely described in the literature yet. The article features a literature review related to the research topics. It also presents the characteristics of the research method and research results which were obtained on the basis of a few thousands of questionnaires.

45 Keywords: Generation Z, knowledge management, human resources

Agile Mechanism as a Driver for Generating Knowledge in Industry Elizaveta Gromova Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia DOI:.10.34190/KM.19.245

Abstract: The greatest scientist in the field of management P. Drucker described the period from the end of the Second World War to 2020 as a transition to an economy based on knowledge. The modern knowledge-based economy is characterized by the integration of information and knowledge from different fields. Therefore, organizations need mechanisms that are capable of generating or acquiring knowledge. This paper will present the mechanism of collaboration of enterprises in the context of agile concept in Russian industry. Businesses should be integrated into dynamic networks formed around well-defined market opportunities so that knowledge can be shared. Through this process, knowledge is transformed into new products and services. An empirical study of industrial enterprises in Russia has been conducted from 2014 to the present. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for analysis. The continuously growing knowledge base is the most important result of the mechanism’s action. This study is a value for researchers in the field of industrial economics and industrial practitioners.

Keywords: knowledge management, knowledge sharing, industrial enterprises, collaboration, Russian industry

Does External Knowledge Acquisition aid Innovation Performance in Firms? Solomon Gyamfi and Jan Stejskal University of Pardubice, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Pardubice, Czech Republic DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.241

Abstract: Knowledge management has been touted to help firms achieve high innovative performance hence it has become an entrenched managerial activity due to the changing perspective of what makes a firm more competitive over its competitors. Due to improvement in technology and increased contact due to 46 globalization, access to and possession of discrete information by firms help to sustain firm absorptive capacity. It may also serve as enabler for distinctive firm positioning which provides benefit to the firm. The pool of knowledge within the firm when is inimitable helps the firm to engage in much innovative activities because the firm will possess both tacit and codified knowledge which other competitors do not have. Some scholars have found that it is more beneficial for firms to seek external knowledge if they aim at introducing new products into the market because the firm cannot produce all the knowledge it needs. This paper seeks to ascertain whether seeking solely external knowledge is determinant for firm’s new product introduction in some selected countries in the transition knowledge economies. In the light of the foregoing aim, a logistics regression model has been used employing data from the Harmonized European Union Community Innovative Survey 2012-2014 for the empirical analysis. Our results show that in as much as firm’s acquisition of external knowledge aids in introducing new product into the market, firm’s internal research activities and professional knowledge management as well provide the firm with the opportunity to introduce new product. In contrast, the empirical results found cases where sourcing for external knowledge had no significant effect on firm’s introduction of new product and services. For the management of knowledge in the firm, we argue that since not all the firm’s knowledge could be purchased due to the long-term cost associated with it, it is imperative for management to help stimulate employee knowledge sharing atmosphere through collaborative working environment.

Keywords: knowledge management, innovation performance, external knowledge acquisition

Exploring the Challenges and Solutions for Knowledge Sharing: A Conceptual Framework Omid Haass1 and Neda Azizi2 1School of Property, Construction and Project Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia 2School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.235

Abstract: The objective of this research is to identify the challenges and solutions of knowledge sharing (KS) within project-based organizations (PBOs). This study pointed out that challenges and solutions of KS through a literature review and a

47 single case study. The current status of each of the challenges and solutions in different stages of the project life cycle were determined using a questionnaire, reviewing official documents and semi-structured interviews arranged. The results demonstrate that there are several challenges and obstacles that impede KS in the PBOs. Different solutions to overcome the challenges and obstacles were identified for stages of the project life cycle. Through a specific framework, the solutions of overcoming the identified obstacles and challenges of KS in the projects life cycle stages have been provided in this study.

Keywords: knowledge management (KM), project-based organization (PBOs), knowledge sharing (KS)

Exploring Framework for University-Industry Innovation Projects: Building Collaborative Knowledge Platform Irina-Emily Hansen1, Ola Jon Mork1 and Torgeir Welo2 1Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Aalesund, Norway 2Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.148 Abstract: University-industry innovation projects has potential for improvement, especially for bringing new knowledge and technology into new commercial products and processes. This research work explores how a novel knowledge management model made for university industry innovation projects can support universities and industrial companies, project managers and knowledge workers, to help improve the innovation outcome from such projects. The research method is exploration of the model in the context of a university industry innovation project, focusing the knowledge processes in a pre-project stage, the main project stage and the after project stage. The knowledge management processes in the different stages of the project are documented with project applications for funding, project meetings, project reports, master and PhD thesis work, eight scientific publications and two prototypes. The findings show that the knowledge management model contribute to 1) building of the collaborative long-term knowledge platform 2) keeping focus on the knowledge management initiatives that are preconditions for successful project outcome 3) integration of real industrial needs and the knowledge of the industrial end user, which is decisive for the innovation 4) methodological application of the model to the

48 innovation projects can support sustainable building of the university-industry collaborative knowledge platform. The article elaborates on the performance of the knowledge management model during different project stages: its strengths and weaknesses, as well as development directions and opportunities. The lessons learnt suggest that methodical application of the knowledge management model will be the main driver for further development. The research work done in this article is a first scientific approach towards a framework for application of this knowledge management model. The next step will be application of the proposed framework to a larger number of university industry projects. This work will be done in cooperation with universities, industrial companies and governmental funding Institutions.

Keywords: university-industry collaboration, innovation projects, knowledge management

Managing Personal Knowledge: Are Award-Winners Doing Better? Ragna Kemp Haraldsdottir University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.124 Abstract: To win an award has numerous benefits for organizations for various reasons. Organizations world over have been chosen to receive awards for their outstanding performance, for instance for their finest use of knowledge. The question remains how knowledge award-winning organizations distinguish themselves from other organizations, when it comes to the registration, access and use of the knowledge of employees. This multiple-case study takes place in Iceland. The contextual framework covers 18 organizations, of which six have won the Knowledge Company of the Year award. A total of 35 semi-structured interviews were conducted and an analysis of six award-winning verdicts. The criteria of the award were examined as well as whether winning it entailed a more comprehensive overview of the knowledge residing in employees. The findings indicate that the award-winning organizations had received the award for outstanding success. Still, the interviewees claimed to be experiencing adversity regarding costs, time, limited access and use, which challenged the registration process. The PKR process, its pitfalls and challenges are useful to reflect on the purpose such a platform. A collaborative understanding is needed on what information on the knowledge of employees and how much of it, is to be registered and where. Without a clear purpose, the usability remains without any financial or social value for the organization or its employees.

49 Keywords: personal knowledge registration, information management, knowledge management, knowledge award

Do Patents Matter? High-Technology Patent Filers Business Performance Over Five Years (2011-2015) Harold Harlow Wingate University, Charlotte, NC, USA DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.250

Abstract: Knowledge management of intellectual property is a key management function for firm performance. Strategies that are simply incremental such as building a walled garden around your knowledge assets are increasingly less effective as innovation takes the form of disruption rather than making small improvements in products. Leading technology companies invest huge sums in patents and other forms of intellectual knowledge and often the returns are absent. This paper researches the relationships of the major patent filing firms to their performance -both revenue and net income. Developing intellectual capital at companies often results in large numbers of patents filed with little results other than protection of firm historical patents against intellectual property intrusion by current competitors or future competitors. This paper presents empirical research to classify patents filed in past five years by the top ten filers in the USA who are also major technology companies which shows the need for the new strategic conceptual model presented in this paper. A new approach to align corporate intellectual property strategies, management capability and process with strategic intent is presented which enables firms to assure that all needed considerations are present in a comprehensive strategy of intellectual capital property development, especially at technology firms. This paper uses net income (NI) and revenues (REV) of a small sample (IBM, QCOM. GE. Apple and Google) of leading technology firms as well as a larger sample of the top 25 patent filers to develop a statistical analysis of the relationships of GDP, Revenue and Net Income to firm performance. The results of this study indicate a moderate to slight relationship of NI and REV to patent filings. Further study is needed to develop a model for optimum levels of filings as well as follow the recommendations of this study. We propose using a four-step process of: 1) Determining which patents are less or more useful toward the development of new products to see which firms are creating useable intellectual property; 2) Assessing the strategic intent of the firm regarding intellectual capital development; 3) Determining the strategic technology management capability of the firm; 4) Assessing the use of people and processes that drive the creation of those strategic intellectual capital outputs. 50 Keywords: patents, intellectual property, intellectual capital measurement

Knowledge Sharing Intention, Attitudes and Workplace Emotions at a Bank in Malaysia Irwan Shahrani Hassan, Zabeda Abdul Hamid and Azura Omar International Islamic University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.123

Abstract: The rapid growth of the financial industry is putting a demand on banks to look for better ways to manage its corporate strategies. One of the ways to achieve that aim is through knowledge management. This research investigated knowledge sharing (KS) intention and behaviour as part of the corporate strategies in a prominent Malaysian government-linked financial institution, Bank Co. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were utilised during the data collection process, which consisted of questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, and a review of the organisation’s documents on knowledge management. In-depth perceptions among Bank Co.’s staff were explored that covered key areas; including knowledge sharing intention, workplace emotions, and attitudes. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistical analysis while the qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Two main theories were used as the framework for this research. The main theory, Knowledge Creation Theory (KCT), highlighted the main concern of this current research, which is the knowledge creation processes in the organisation which includes the employees’ KS intention. Meanwhile, the Affective Event Theory (AET) was used to identify the themes related to workplace emotions, which influenced the attitudes towards KS intention at the workplace. The conclusions based on the findings of this research indicated that the staff’s perceived KS behaviours in Bank Co. were influenced by their emotions and attitudes. In terms of methodology, this research added new perspectives to theories related to KS at the workplace as well as provided a foundation for discussing government agencies’ treatment of KS. This discussion may encourage reforms of the existing knowledge management structures and practices. In addition, this research could serve as a basis for future research in this area, not just within the government- linked banks but other industries as well. From the practical perspective, this research provided Bank Co. with the opportunity to better understand to what extent their KS initiatives have succeeded. This can assist Bank Co. in designing programmes that can encourage productive KS behaviours within the organisation.

51 Keywords: knowledge sharing, knowledge creation theory, knowledge sharing behaviour

Back Pain: Lost Productivity, Associated Costs and a Solution Andrew Hatch and Eduardo Tomé Department of Business Management, Doctoral Program, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.182 Abstract: Purpose: To measure to what degree, back, neck and extremity pain impact productivity among knowledge-based workers and to learn if an On-Site treatment program could reduce such losses. Theoretical Foundation: Presenteeism, the phenomenon when an employee is at work but not working to their full capacity, costs organizations financial losses each year. This study seeks to find a correlation between back, neck and extremity pain and presenteeism, by measuring productivity losses of employees suffering with chronic pain but still going to work each day. Methods: A randomized, controlled, trial (RCT) designed to measure the impact that neck, back and extremity pain have on employee productivity. Phase 1, (N = 260) were employees with recent or chronic pain complaints screened in the On-Site clinics of each organization. Phase 2 divided into two groups; a Study group (N = 86) who received treatments and the Control group (N = 87) who did not receive treatments, during a 16-18-week period. The instrument used was; the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ), to calculate lost productivity averages per person per year, converted into costs based on the average wage method (Portugal, 2018). Findings: Phase 1 of the WLQ revealed an average Lost Productivity Score of 10.5% with an associated cost of €1,478.25 per year. The Phase 2 Study group WLQ score dropped from 10.5% to 1.86% at a saving of €1,197.71 per person per year. The Control group average WLQ score was 11.2% and rose to 12.06%, or a loss of €118.13 per person per year. Several statistically significant (p< .001) correlations were revealed between the WLQ lost productivity score and clinical findings using linear regressions as well as a 2-tailed Pearson Correlation evaluation. Limitations: The study was unblinded. The WLQ is dependent on subjective findings of how a person remembers to what degree their physical condition impacted their work performance over the past two weeks. Such recall can be influenced by the emotional state of subjects. Implications: Neck, back and extremity pain do indeed cost organizations a great deal in productivity losses and associated costs. An On-Site treatment strategy demonstrated cost savings which could be mutually beneficial for private and public sectors and a decreased burden on the health care systems. 52 Keywords: work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD), on-site clinics, presenteeism, productivity

Person-Centered Healthcare in Coordinated Care Planning With Video Conference: Nurses’ Perspective Ann-Therese Hedqvist and Ann Svensson University West, Trollhättan, Sweden DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.051 Abstract: We are becoming older and more people remain in their home with the need for care, as well as these persons for some reasons be hospitalized. This imply for the need of coordinated care planning in hospitals, as the person would be able to leave the ward in a safe manner. With an increasing number of elderly persons in need of care interventions in their home, the need for coordinated care planning in hospitals will also increase. Such planning is today being performed increasingly often via video conferencing. This form of digital encounters poses new challenges for the nurse in creating and maintaining a mutuality. The aim of this paper is to shed light on how coordinated care planning via video conferencing affects the ability of health care professionals to understand and interpret the patient’s situation from a holistic perspective, thus performing a person-centered meeting at a distance. A qualitative research approach was used to gain an understanding of nurses' experience of coordinated care planning via video conferencing, where seven semi-structured interviews have been conducted. The result shows that the communication is affected and that meetings via video technology lose proximity and thus a part of the human contact. This can disrupt the possibility of seeing each other as persons but can be compensated by a person-centered approach. The technology can act as a means of human interaction, but not as a compensation for it. Coordinated care planning via video conferencing involves challenges in conveying presence and genuine interest that compensates for the loss of physical presence. The nurses need to be well acquainted with person-centered care in order to meet the patient despite the barrier that the screen may create. Proper technology can be used with great time gains to access each other regardless of geographical location and can contribute to human interaction but not replace it.

Keywords: person-centered healthcare, coordination, care planning, video conference, nurses

53 The Persistence of Omniscience in Knowledge Management: Implications for Future Research Conor Horan 1 and John Finch 2 1School of Marketing, Technological University Dublin, Ireland 2Faculty of Business, University of Glasgow, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.049

Abstract: This paper demonstrates the persistence of omniscience in Knowledge Management (KM) research. Omniscience as a concept has two dimensions – ubiquity and utility. This idea of ubiquity is more prevalent when the management goal focuses on processing or transferring pre-existing knowledge efficiently to those who can make use of it. Ubiquity assumes that knowledge is freely available within the firm i.e. is omnipresent, waiting for it to be processed or transferred. The idea of utility assumes that knowledge and its relevance is fully understood by the firm. The firms and its managers are assumed to know the value and quality of knowledge, who needs it, how it should be processed and where it should be transferred to. In short, the firm is assumed to be ‘all knowing’ or omniscient. This paper outlines how the persistence of omniscience underpins the hegemony of the information processing paradigm and transfer research agendas in KM research. We argue that it does so at the expense of considering alternative theories and perspectives. We illustrate how omniscience continues to underpin the dominant theory of knowledge creation i.e. the SECI Model. At face value the SECI model assumes that the firm is a site for the creation of new knowledge. However, on closer inspection, by cross-examining the assumptions of convertibility and amplification within the SECI Model, we outline how the assumption of omniscience hampers the application of this theory to meet its goal for the creation of new knowledge. We illustrate how a departure from the assumption of omniscience will allow for additional avenues of research and address calls for broader perspectives in KM. One such avenue, knowledge-as- process, which focuses on open innovation, creativity and the creating of knowledge overtime is proposed. The implications of departing from omniscience for scholars and practitioners in the field of KM are outlined and discussed.

Keywords: omniscience, omnipresence, information processing, knowledge-as- process, knowledge transfer, knowledge creation

54 Knowledge Assets and Competitiveness in Fashion Industries Savanah Hughes1, Scott Erickson1 and Helen Rothberg2 1Ithaca College, Ithaca, USA 2Marist College, Poughkeepsie, USA DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.091 Abstract: As knowledge management (KM) moves toward a wider and more strategic view of intangible assets, our ability to collect, understand, and analyze appropriate metrics concerning firm competencies increases in importance. Previous research has demonstrated that knowledge assets are more important in some industries than in others. Similar conclusions can be made about related intangible assets such as big data or business intelligence, competitively useful in some circumstances but less so in others. This paper starts with what we already know about fashion-driven industries based on knowledge metrics, looking at a modified Tobin’s q calculated for a large sample of listed firms. From those data, we can draw some conclusions as to how firms in these industries compete (e.g. operational efficiency, innovation, and design), including in relation to other industries. In this case, fashion industries appear to have an interesting blend of unique creative talent paired with complex supply chains, operations, and distribution channels. The knowledge inputs are diverse and distinctive, posing an interesting management challenge. This paper will then take those general conclusions further, providing an in-depth analysis of a select firm in these industries. Making use of more precise metrics from the firms’ financial reports, external assessments such as brand equity, and scholarly and press accounts concerning KM activities, we can develop a better understanding of where and how intangible assets provide competitive advantage. In particular, we can better determine where along the value chain intangibles seem critical and where they may be less so, at least in fashion industries. The results will add to our understanding of how knowledge and other intangible assets contribute to competitiveness. Specifically, we can discover how the assets vary by industry, how their impact varies by industry, and provide better guidance to decision makers on investing in knowledge management, big data, and/or business analytics/intelligence. Each industry studied in this manner makes the picture clearer, and the unique aspects of fashion promise particularly interesting insights.

Keywords: explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, knowledge metrics, Tobin’s q, fashion, LVMH

55 Human Capital Mobility and Disruption of an Organization’s Social Capital Henri Hussinki and Mika Vanhala LUT University, LUT School of Business and Management, Lahti and Lappeenranta, Finland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.100 Abstract: The objective of this study is to demonstrate that employee mobility will inflict social capital (SC) losses to the source organization and target organization. In this study, SC is defined as a colleague-specific component of an organization’s intangible capital, which develops and increases when employees gain experience and knowledge by working together. This common experience builds the trait of trust and understanding between employees, which facilitates their joint activities (Coleman, 1988). As the employees change organizations voluntarily or involuntarily, it deteriorates the colleague-specific SC in two ways: 1) the outbound human capital (HC) leaves a gap in an existing tightly knit social unit and network, while 2) the incumbent employees must get accustomed to the inbound HC, with whom they do not necessarily share any past experience. Data from English Premier League (soccer) was utilized to test the hypothesis. Professional soccer offers a suitable context to study SC because the game of soccer is highly dependent on the trust and understanding between the teammates. In addition, it is an ideal context to study the HC mobility events, as the data on player and manager transfers and layoffs is well documented, freely available and transparent. The results confirm that the inbound HC mobility events cause SC losses for target organizations. However, there was no evidence of the hypothesized adverse impact of the outbound HC mobility events for source organization’s SC. These findings provide some managerially interesting implications and challenge the current recruiting paradigm that has overestimated the positive impact of inbound employee mobility (Phillips, 2002; Song et al., 2003).

Keywords: human capital, social capital, employee mobility, employee turnover, football, soccer

56 The Ongoing Professional Education of Civil Servants in Russia and Other Countries: A Comparative Analysis Marina Ivanova and Dmitry Negashev Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.101

Abstract: The paper presents a comparative analysis exploring the ongoing professional education of public services’ executives in Russia and other countries (namely Hungary and Germany). Life-long learning has gained importance over the past years, especially in civil service with its high level of job security and low overall turnover. The motivation of the research was the fact that researchers have observed a significant link between the civil service effectiveness and the education approaches. Therefore a deeper understanding of the main conditions affecting the content and framework of ongoing education could become the basis of positive changes. The focal question of the research was to assess whether the reviewed countries have differences in the educational approach to in-service ongoing education. The reviewed countries have different political, social and economic contexts surrounding public administration education, different public administration systems and, most importantly, different levels of civil service system efficiency. Consequently, by finding the differences we could conclude that the professional training system is influenced by the practice of public administration in a given country. The similarities between them can prove that the training system follows the mainstream governance theory but not the current context in a country. The study explores the political and social context of the civil servants’ education, and characteristics of civil service professional trainings in the reviewed countries in terms of the legal and organizational framework, funding, and prevailing teaching approach. We can conclude that the training systems and programs in the countries are noticeably different. But as we went deeper into analysis we had found that the key external factor is not the socio-political context itself but some underlying conditions, especially the prevailing concept of State and the level of the government control in education. The features of the training system itself have a weak link to civil service efficiency comparing to the content of programmes, but this conclusion requires additional study with more countries.

Keywords: professional education, civil service, comparative analysis, training, life-long learning

57 Strategies for Knowledge Management in the UK Construction Industry: Benefits and Challenges Haddy Jallow, Suresh Renukappa, Subashini Suresh and Ahmed Alneyadi Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.079

Abstract: In the past there have been no structured approach to gaining information from construction projects once it has been completed which is why Knowledge Management (KM) has received a considerable amount of attention, knowledge in the construction industry is an important resource for an organisation. A clear majority of the construction industry organisations are aware of the benefits that knowledge management can offer, hence construction organisations have invested in knowledge management to achieve those benefits. The purpose of this research is to propose a knowledge management model for construction projects. There are three parts to this paper which are as follows; (1) examine how important Knowledge Management is to the construction industry in the UK; (2) to identify the key resources which can be implemented to benefit KM within an organisation; and (3) to identify the issues and pitfalls that are faced through the implementation stage of KM strategies. The final section of this paper will propose a Knowledge Management model which would benefit construction projects in the UK. The study has found that construction companies in the UK are aware of the benefits of KM, however its implementation is not usually fully completed, the findings of this paper evidently demonstrate that changes to an organisation can lead to a successful KM, the study also indicates a difference between KM in Design and Construction firms.

Keywords: knowledge management, construction, implementation, information technology

58 Benchmarking Knowledge Production Capabilities in Organizations Kristina Risom Jespersen Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Denmark DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.196

Abstract: Knowledge production management is the activities performed in organizations to extract knowledge from internal and external sources. Literature has identified the support and governance capabilities of knowledge production in an organization: knowledge leadership, knowledge coordination, knowledge measurement, and knowledge control. How well these knowledge production capabilities are executed in organizations depends on the applied sourcing strategy. Organizations may produce or consume knowledge through an insourcing or outsourcing strategy. The purpose of the paper is to explore the state of knowledge production capabilities in organizations when controlling for the preferred sourcing strategy. Through a questionnaire, quantitative data is collected from 60 Danish MBA students representing business organizations and analyzed applying cluster analysis and regression modelling. The results show that a majority of the sample organizations hold a low maturity level for knowledge production. Furthermore, results do demonstrate that an insourcing strategy increases an organization’s knowledge production capabilities. However, outsourcing can lead to ambidexterity in decision-making.

Keywords: knowledge production, maturity level, proficiency, sourcing strategy, knowledge management

The Dynamics of Societal and Corporate Ideas: The Knowledge Work Design of the Future Birgit Helene Jevnaker and Johan Olaisen BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.055 Abstract: This paper investigates what forms the knowledge work design in the future on a corporate level and a societal level. The future might be 2025, 2030, or 2035. The methodology is including in depth interviews with researchers working with these issues in the Swedish telecommunication company Telia and the Norwegian telecommunication company Telenor. These are both companies

59 making their living of understanding the future of work both on a corporate level and a societal level. The main finding is that AI and robotics will be more advanced, but the management and organizational structure will be the same as today. The steps will be taken one by one toward a technology making new opportunities for collaboration and knowledge work. The real knowledge worker will be using more of his working time to significant business issues. The ideal business model is a framework where a professional knowledge worker is both learning and using his qualifications. The development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes will be the key to delivering excellent results. The future of knowledge work is giving people the opportunities to deliver excellent results and rewarded for these results as a part of their team more than as individuals. To make ordinary people produce extraordinary results in that project teams will be the future of knowledge work. There will be clusters of corporations globally, nationally, and local demanding individual and corporate collaboration. More people than ever will be better educated with a more common mindset making collaboration and teamwork easier. There will be more knowledge workers than anytime in 2030. According to Telia and Telenor, corporations and individuals will take environmental issues much more seriously, and large corporation together with the dominating economic over national powers will make the necessary starting steps to save the world. The saving of the earth represents a concentration of both corporate and national power. Neither The number of jobs will be increasing owing to both economic growth and more opportunities together with increasing health service and an educated workforce. There will be higher profits and higher sales per employee. This study concludes that there will be many small positive corporate and societal steps for each year towards 2030, improving the way of living and working together with environmental improvements. The reconstruction of the middle class is also emerging — neither a perfect nor imperfect world.

Keywords: future knowledge work, innovation, fourth industrial revolution, robots, automation, artificial intelligence

The Dynamics of Art and Business Knowledge as Meaning Birgit Helene Jevnaker and Johan Olaisen BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.056

Abstract: This paper discusses arts as practice for business and society studies. Given that arts are necessary to develop business and society; how can valuable 60 arts practices be learned? This conceptual paper is investigating how collective knowing develops in business contexts using art by unconventional painters such as Edvard Munch and Hakon Bleken as examples of this process. The necessity of art is giving us a societal meaning of the process of knowing or a scripted story for enterprise action based upon the knowledge of art. The reflection and dialogue based on art might contribute to creativity and innovation in the business process. The paper develops a theoretical framework and theory for how this might work. Dynamic art, design and innovative processes are processes where the past, the present and the future melt together. Understanding these processes might be crucial for the creation of sustainable businesses and societies. Understanding the dynamic tacit and explicit knowledge processes might be mutual beneficial for art and innovative businesses.

Keywords: art management, knowledge management, collective knowing, knowledge sharing, creativity, innovation

Exploring Underlying Causes of Cross-National Differences in Intellectual Property Ethics: A Concept- Map Tao Jin1 and Meihua Chen2 1School of Library and Information Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA 2Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing, China DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.135 Abstract: Previous research has documented evidence of significant differences in intellectual property protection across countries. However, our knowledge towards the underlying causes of the differences remains scarce and fragmentary. Through a systematic review of the recent literature on intellectual property and intellectual capital, this paper identifies a family of factors that may explain the variances, and argues that in order to develop effective strategies on IP protection, a given country’s cultural, economic, political, and social contexts must be all considered.

Keywords: intellectual capital, intellectual property, cross-national differences, ethics

61 Knowledge Management in the UK Water Industry Andrew Kamunda, Suresh Renukappa and Subashini Suresh Built Environment, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.088

Abstract: The UK government has set ambitious targets for the construction industry to maintain global competitiveness. It aims to remove barriers, increase productivity, improve competition, at the same time benefiting the customers by lowering water bills. Through the water industry regulators, Ofwat, Defra and DWI, the privatised water industry saw competition opened for business and non- household water customers in 2017. Knowledge has become known as the major resource organisations must have to maintain a competitive advantage. Management of this organisational knowledge, commonly referred to as Knowledge Management (KM), creates business value generating competitive advantage, enabling creation, communication and application of various knowledge to achieve business goals. Although the UK water industry is information and knowledge rich, there is limited research in the KM subject within this industry. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore, examine and understand how knowledge is being managed in the UK water industry. A qualitative case study was used for the collection and analysis of data with the results obtained through review of water company supply chain processes, documents, observations and semi structured interviews. Organisational culture and the need to maintain and retain business competitiveness was the major drive for implementation of KM, as found in this study. The water industry and its supply chain are changing their goals and objectives to align them with KM practices, identifying needed knowledge, creating KM resources, sharing and fostering knowledge through information technology tools. The study concludes that the knowledge rich water industry has put in place measures and processes fundamental to KM and will eventually take the next step for its full implementation. Organisational leadership and management were the initiating and driving positive KM cultures, placing knowledge as the major project resource. The current drive to create, foster and provide resources for KM through organisational culture changes and making use of information technology should continue to be invested in. This will allow organisations to maintain, sustain and increase competitiveness, improve productivity whilst meeting business goals. The advancement of information technology should also be taken advantage of as an enabler for implementing of KM strategies.

62 Keywords: knowledge management, information technology, organisational, competitiveness

Exploring Knowledge Sharing Practices in Higher Education: A Pakistani Perspective Saima Kanwal, Miguel Baptista Nunes and Muhammad Arif School of Information Management, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.153 Abstract: Academic and non-academic staff at higher education institutions (HEIs) are two main types of actors, but they represent distinct social worlds and professional orientations. Through regular communication and interaction, they play an important role in achieving the mission of HEIs. However, the review of extant literature on knowledge management (KM) from HEIs perspective exhibited that scholars pay little attention to the investigation of knowledge sharing (KS) practices between these two groups. To address this gap, the study reported in this paper aimed to explore KS practices between academic and non- academic staff of a public sector university of Pakistan. An inductive methodology underpinned by grounded theory was employed to collect, analyse and interpret data. For data collection, 26 faculty and staff members of the University were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. A Straussian grounded theory approach was followed for data collection and data analysis procedures. The study’s findings revealed that the staff members follow diverse KS practices and often share tacit and explicit professional knowledge. Through communication, cooperation and coordination, staff share their experiences, understandings about routine procedures, interpretations of rules and regulations and even advice on how to handle difficult professional situations. Moreover, several factors impact on their KS practices, such as types of personality, availability of shared medium and technology-mediated communication. KS is a well-researched stream of KM from the higher education perspective. However, this scholarly work fills the existing research gap in the extant literature. From a holistic perspective, this research presents novel insights about KS practices in HEI settings between two distinct but interdependent groups.

Keywords: knowledge sharing, academic staff, non-academic staff, higher education institutions, Pakistan

63 Capturing and Sharing Intangible Cultural Heritage Through Knowledge Visualisation and Knowledge Modelling Tools Marcela Katuščáková, Eva Capková and Juraj Grečnár Institute of Mediamatics, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.162 Abstract: This paper aims to analyse and identify effective knowledge capture and knowledge sharing mechanisms for intangible cultural heritage (ICH), more specifically, craft knowledge (specific manufacturing processes). Identification of such mechanisms is important because those who master such practices are passing away. We analysed the current approaches of international organisations to preserving ICH, and craft ICH as a type of knowledge, and concluded that craft ICH is largely a tacit type of knowledge, embedded living knowledge interwoven with the cultural and historical context of its creation and its present actualisation. We then analysed the methods and tools that capture knowledge using Knowledge Management (KM), Knowledge Modelling and Knowledge Visualisation with focus on the potential for capturing and sharing craft processes, skills and the cultural and historical context of ICH. In addition to traditional instruments in knowledge modelling and knowledge visualisation, we are seeking to exploit the possibilities of (digital) storytelling to capture of the historical and cultural context, and the potential for augmented reality to transfer craft skills. The outcome of our study is a theoretical outline of a specific craft ICH Knowledge Model (K-Model) based on the principle of concept map, which should be interactive, user-friendly and in which various types of formal and informal contents are incorporated (text, sketch, pictures, diagrams, audio, video, augmented reality, Web links, etc.). The effectiveness of the craft ICH K-Models designed will then be empirically tested in various cultural and historical contexts, and the K-Model will be iteratively improved by the Slovak-Portugal research team.

Keywords: intangible cultural heritage, knowledge capture, knowledge modelling, knowledge visualisation, storytelling, augmented reality

64 Developing Innovative Training Material for Novice Knowledge Portal Users Sithembiso Khumalo University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.040

Abstract: Knowledge portals are tools that are used in knowledge creation, knowledge transfer, knowledge storage and retrieval. Knowledge portals provide stakeholders with timely and relevant information which are easily accessible. However, research has shown that individuals who have access to knowledge portals often do not have the necessary capabilities of using knowledge portals effectively. The aim of the study was to determine how the development and improvement of a knowledge portal training material would impact novice portal users’ ability to understand and use a knowledge portal. The study also aimed at understanding the level of skills and insight that students possess when using knowledge portals, in order to develop efficient knowledge portal training material. The chosen philosophical paradigm for this study was pragmatism, this is due to the practical nature of the intervention study. The study was based on a pre-test, intervention and post-test as a data collection instrument and quantitative nature of this research prompted the use of frequency statistical analysis to analyse the data collected from 71 students enrolled for the Information Portals course. The pre-test, intervention and post-test shows that most first year information portals students lack significant knowledge of knowledge portals, however the students do understand the basics of what a knowledge portal entails. Students require additional training, due to the fact that some of them lacked the ability to understand the functions and features of knowledge portals. The study requires future introspection as certain novice user’s capability to understand knowledge portal were still limited. Further improvements need to be finalised and implemented on the intervention, which means the training material is not sufficient enough to improve the student’s ability to understand and use knowledge portals.

Keywords: novice users, training material, knowledge portals, intervention study

65 A User’s Perspective on Implementing SharePoint for Knowledge-Sharing and Collaboration in Retail Sithembiso Khumalo and Martie Mearns University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.039 Abstract: The implementation of web-based application has increased within various organisation, enabling businesses to improve their productivity through enhanced collaboration, knowledge sharing and business information workflow. However, many users of these applications such as SharePoint still lack the ability to fully utilise them due to inadequate training and poor needs analysis exercised by their organisations. The objective of the study was to determine if the implementation of SharePoint within a retailer met the users’ needs in terms of knowledge sharing, collaboration and content management. As a result it would help determine the manner in which the platform should be enhanced to best suit the users’ needs within the entire retailer. The constructivism nature of this research prompted the use of a qualitative approach, were interview schedules were used to collect data from ten SharePoint users and two developers within a retailer. The evaluation strategy was employed in order to evaluate if the users’ needs of SharePoint within a retailer were met. Data collected was analysed through descriptive content analysis, with the use of Atlas.ti to support the analysis and interpretation of the data. The findings indicated that users were not getting sufficient training on the untapped capability of SharePoint. Those who got the training were able to be more productive in executing the projects and improve their collaboration through sharing business project reports. Findings further indicated that there was poor needs analysis before the platform was implemented, which resulted in other users not fully utilising the platform for knowledge sharing, collaboration and content management. Future research is required to evaluate the needs and specific training requirements of users of SharePoint within the retailer and improve the application of knowledge sharing and content management through SharePoint. Findings further indicated that the need exist to put revised policies and regulations in place in order to secure and protect the knowledge managed within the platform.

Keywords: SharePoint, knowledge sharing, collaboration, content management, project and retailer

66 Supporting Communities of Practice by Enterprise Social Platforms: The Case of an Engineering Company Kathrin Kirchner1, Rasmus Jørgensen1, Ettore Bolisani2 and Enrico Scarso2 1Department of Management, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark 2Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy International Association for Knowledge Management (IAKM) DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.119 Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) is a key pillars of supporting CoPs. Virtual CoPs (i.e.: CoPs applying technology enabling asynchronous and distant communications), are growing in numbers. The increase is supported by the availability of new ICT, like for example Enterprise Social Platforms (ESP). ESPs support CoP however empirical based studies investigating ESP application in the context of intentionally developed CoPs are still scarce. This study contributes to filling this gap by exploring CoP participants’ behaviour which includes use of an ESP. In particular, we investigate the case of a global engineering company specialized in pharmacy, that has an explicit strategy of developing global CoPs to improve internal knowledge exchange and collaboration processes. At present, 20 active communities involve about 1400 employees. The ESP ‘Connect’ supports the CoPs. The case company is explored through an online survey comprising 22 questions that was distributed via ‘Connect’ between September and October 2018. 262 responses were collected (Response rate app. 19%) from employees located in 8 different countries. According to the CoP participants can be divided into two groups that have distinctly different behaviour; active and passive. The ‘Active’ group rely significantly more on external sources and especially on Connect than passive users. Also, the ‘active’ group is more satisfied with 'Connect’ and participate in collaborations. The ‘passive’ group relies on information from nearest colleagues and rarely contribute to conversations on ‘Connect’. The paper contributes with knowledge about how participants in CoPs supported by ESPs behave differently and thus might be motivated differently.

Keywords: communities of practice, enterprise social platform, knowledge sharing, survey

67 In Search of Sustainability Knowledge: How Organizations Manage Sustainability Knowledge - A Literature Review Beate Klingenberg1 and Helen Rothberg2 1The Italian International Institute Lorenzo de’ Medici, Firenze, Italia 2Marist College, Poughkeepsie, USA DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.130 Abstract: The United Nations (UN) 2030 agenda for sustainable development outlines seventeen concrete goals that encourage organizations and individuals to actively participate in rendering global societal activities more sustainable (United Nations, 2015). Organizations that aspire to be responsible global citizens need to be economically viable, and socially and environmentally responsible in their actions and provisions of goods and services. To accomplish these goals, they need to learn what sustainability means and how to institutionalize its principles. This paper proposes a three-step process for sustainability knowledge learning: 1) Learning what to know: determining which knowledge is needed; 2) Learning how to learn this knowledge: developing strategies to identify sources for the needed sustainability knowledge (external); 3) Learning the knowledge and applying it: developing knowledge management practices that enable absorption and dissemination of requisite knowledge throughout the organization (internal). Based on an exploratory literature review, it can be concluded that several comprehensive models for sustainability knowledge management exist that emphasize internal processes (step 3). Fewer examples are found that consider the second external step of where and how to obtain the needed knowledge, and only one source was found that addresses the fact that before learning of sustainability, one needs to understand what needs to be learned (step 1). It may be the systemic character of sustainability knowledge - which is not yet fully recognized in the literature - that is at the heart of the challenges encountered in developing a comprehensive knowledge management strategy. This paper also finds that a clear definition of sustainability knowledge does not yet exist. Various terms are used, and often only the environmental aspect is studied. In conclusion, this paper is a call for more research to establish a clearer view of what sustainability knowledge is, and based on that, a more detailed development of effective knowledge management strategies.

Keywords: sustainability knowledge, sustainable development knowledge, knowledge management, systems thinking, learning processes, literature review

68 Benchmarking as a Tool for Modernizing Industrial Enterprises Vladimir Kokh1, Elena Tkachenko2, Olga Samovarova3 and Alina Osipenko4 1Professional audit-consulting LLC, St Petersburg, Russia 2St Petersburg State University of Economics, Russia 3SPG -group LLC, St Petersburg, Russia 4New Industrial development Institute, St Petersburg, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.217

Abstract: The problem of process auditing is extremely important for identifying the current level of technological development of enterprises and understanding the potential and the prospects for technological development. The approaches applied are mainly used to investigate the engineering and technical characteristics of products and the level of technology. The authors posit that process audit must be based on assessing the quality of human capital and the structure of intellectual capital, as well as identifying the development potential of a company's intellectual resources based on benchmarking. This paper substantiates that the assessment should be based on the use of the expert method and statistical data processing tools to even-out the subjective component of the expert assessment. The authors explore the theoretical principles of benchmarking in process auditing and demonstrate the proposed assessment methodology as applied to a case of the instrument-making holding.

Keywords: benchmarking, industrial enterprises, technological development

Organizational IT Competency, Knowledge Workers and Knowledge Sharing Wioleta Kucharska1 and Scott Erickson2 1Gdansk University of Technology, Poland 2Ithaca College, USA DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.024 Abstract: IT competency plays a vital role in knowledge management processes. Information technology affects an organization’s ability to store and recall knowledge that has been made explicit through codification, including different forms such as written documents, reports, presentations, patents, formulas, etc. This study aims to measure the influence of a company’s IT competency 69 dimensions such as IT-knowledge, IT-operations, and IT-infrastructure on knowledge sharing. For this purpose, a survey of 910 Polish employees with different roles and experiences and across different industries has been conducted. The data were analyzed with a structural equation modeling method (SEM). Findings suggest that infrastructure is not a significant IT competency when it comes to knowledge sharing, whereas IT-knowledge and IT- operations are. It means that infrastructure should be perceived as a necessary but not sufficient factor to ensure the knowledge-sharing flow in organizations. This conclusion leads to the interesting implication that IT-operations and IT- knowledge are actually the vital factors to support effective knowledge sharing. It means that business case knowledge, which is pivotal for effective operations is fundamental for developing IT competency. It means that knowledge workers who act as “bridges” between IT and business operations became more and more valuable human capital assets.

Keywords: knowledge sharing, IT-knowledge, IT-operations, knowledge workers, knowledge management

Theoretical Analysis on the Effect of Digitalization on the Labor Market Tatiana Kudryavtseva, Angi Skhvediani and Valeriia Arteeva Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia DOI:.10.34190/KM.19.110

Abstract: Digitalization causes the disappearance of professions based on routine processes and the emergence of specialties with the management and creative competencies. Nowadays, all spheres of human activities are covered by digitalization. The development and adaptation of digital technologies may cause structural unemployment in many industries because of massive automation. Thus, in a short time, the supply of labor will not correspond to the demand. The aim of this paper is to reveal the most important competencies in the labor market and investigate how these competencies can be gained in Russia. For these purposes, the evaluation impact of digitalization on the labor market on the whole was analyzed. Subsequent to this, the impact of new technologies on the development of the Russian labor market was investigated. After that, the ways of eliminating the gap between current and required competencies were determined. The results showed that using digital technologies increases the demand for new competencies, not higher education. In the digital economy, the most necessary competencies are: systems thinking, adaptability, ability to work with IT systems, creative thinking, multiculturalism, and teamwork. Moreover, 70 there is a need for lifelong learning. For the development of these required competencies, the modernization of the education system like Major-Minor system, company-university cooperation, online education on digital platforms is necessary.

Keywords: competencies, transformation of labor market, high-qualified personnel, human capital, computerization, automation, digital economy, digitalization

The Knowledge we Have and Share: How Much Does it Matter to Performance? Susana Almeida Lopes1, Carlos Botelho2 and Marta Conceição3 1CICPSI, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon / LAB, VdA Academia, Portugal 2ISCSP, Lisbon University 3LAB, VdA Academia, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.032

Abstract: In today’s economy, many times referred as “knowledge-based economy”, the ability of organizations to build human capital (HC) is considered a main source of competitive advantage. Human capital is widely accepted in the academic literature as the set of productive ressources employees bring to organizations, namely, knowledge and experience, which is considered critical to business performance. Within this context it has emerged the notion that knowledge sharing (KS) is a fundamental driver of both HC and performance. Moreover, studies on HRM have been paying substantial attention to the mechanisms by which HR practices (HRPs) influence employees’ behaviors and ultimately the performance of organizations. Despite the advancements achieved so far, it is still open to further exploration the underlying mechanisms connecting HRPs with performance through HC and KS. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the relationships between HR practices, HC, KS and performance. This is a quantitative study based on a sample of 307 qualified workers from 33 private Portuguese companies. The research model and hypotheses were tested using structured equation modeling. Results provide support to the positive and synergistic influence of human capital and knowledge sharing on employees’ task performance and organizations’ operational performance. Furthermore, the findings confirmed that KS has an incremental effect beyond HRPs on HC. In summary, the study deepens our understanding of

71 the mechanisms through which people management practices have a positive influence on knowledge management, and how that impacts on performance.

Keywords: knowledge sharing, human capital, HR practices, task performance, organization operational performance

Training Meetings: Not Mere Knowledge Sharing Perceived Socialising Function and Trust Palmira Lopez-Fresno1 and Taina Savolainen2 1University Rovira i Virgili, Spain 2Business School, University of Eastern Finland, Finland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.160 Abstract: This paper discusses the socialising function of training meetings and the role it may play in trust development, as intangible resource within and inter- organisations. As part of a broader empirical research to explore the functions meetings may play for the participants, based on 978 meetings hold in the context of a project implemented in six countries, 106 training meetings were analysed to respond to the research question “What meanings do participants attribute to the training meetings they attend?”. Data collected were analysed with graph-network analysis and exploratory statistics. Results show that the function of socialising (social dimension of meetings) appeared as significantly relevant in training meetings, as perceived by the participants. The contribution of this research is to bring this dimension to the fore and explore its role in knowledge sharing/creation and trust development for enhancing intellectual capital (IC). The findings have implications for researchers and practitioners. The effectiveness of training meetings in terms of the time invested, or the achievement of objectives in knowledge transfer, are important, but may not be the only factors to be considered when organising a training meeting. Further research should be conducted on what factors influence the perceived meanings- functions of training meetings, also related to trust, considering different organisational and cultural environments.

Keywords: human resources, intellectual capital, knowledge, meanings, socialisation, training meetings, trust

72 Differences in Communication Skills Between Business, Economics and Management University Students Marlene Loureiro1 and Rui Silva2 1University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro; Labcom, Vila Real, Portugal 2University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro; CETRAD, Vila Real, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.167

Abstract: Several management professionals consider oral and written communication skills as essential tools for the success of any business manager. Although there are several efforts to improve these skills of students, the results are still unsatisfactory. This difficulty is noticeable in the classroom, when students must speak to explain their doubts, when they must do oral presentations of their research work carried out in the curricular units, and when they have answer written tests. The literature related to communication sciences argues that the difficulty felt in the apprehension of communication is the essential factor that makes the students ineffective at both oral and written skills. In this sense, higher education institutions need to improve their students' communication skills so that they can have greater success to enter the job market in the future. In this paper we explore the communication skills of students in the management area (n = 110) in order to understand how they are prepared. We applied the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA), validated by McCroskey, Beatty, Kearney, & Plax (1985), to understand their communication skills. The results suggest that Business students reveal more communication skills than Economics and the latter than Management. We also found that female students show higher than male communication skills. The results of this research also suggest the increasing need for educational institutions to promote an ideal learning environment in which teachers can inspire their students to communicate orally. On the other hand, these results suggest the most important communication items to consider, the techniques and areas of intervention to improve communication process and provide clues to future research in this area of knowledge.

Keywords: communication apprehension, oral communication apprehension, writing apprehension, management education

73 Competitive Intelligence Skills and Capabilities Required From CI Practitioners in South Africa Kagiso Mabe, Ntokozo Sibeko, Tebogo Morake and Lerato Nkadimeng University of Johannesburg, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.030 Abstract: Competitive Intelligence (CI) is a new role within the South African working environment. As such, there is currently no set framework of skills and capabilities for defining the roles of CI practitioners. Without a set framework of skills and capabilities it may be difficult to define the roles of CI practitioners. This project, therefore, looks to identify the skills and capabilities that would form part of such a framework. The aim of this research was to respond to the research question: “What skills and capabilities do CI practitioners need to encompass?” The primary objective of this research project was determining the CI skills and capabilities required by organisations. The secondary goal of this research was determining the skills and capabilities CI practitioners need based on job advertisements. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals holding knowledge in CI. Focused questions were prepared in order for the interviewers and interviewees to have an elaborative and explanatory discussion between themselves. Secondary data was also collected with the objective of determining the CI skills and capabilities required based on job advertisements. Purposive sampling was the chosen sampling technique for this research as the sample size was small and respondents were selected based on their expertise in the field being researched. Four individuals holding knowledge in CI were interviewed. The collected data emanating from these interviews was analysed with the help of Atlas.ti and narratively presented. Based on the findings, probing, relationship building, critical thinking, marketing and leadership skills were found to be the most essential skills required from CI practitioners. Additionally, strategic thinking, communication and analysing data were found to be the significant CI capabilities required from CI professionals based on job advertisements. An important finding to take note of was that there is no set CI skills framework in the organisations looked into, as such, CI professionals utilise a general skills’ framework meant for all divisions of their respective organisations.

Keywords: competitive intelligence, skills, capabilities, framework, SFIA

74 Defining Knowledge Management Skills and Capabilities Required by Organisations in South Africa Kagiso Mabe, Kim Moabelo, Bonolo Modise and Charity Khoza University of Johannesburg, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.031 Abstract: The absence of an adequate framework that defines Knowledge Management (KM) skills and capabilities makes it extremely difficult to determine the roles and responsibilities of knowledge practitioners in South Africa. Defining these skills and capabilities is essential because KM focuses on the gathering and storing of organisational information to ensure the effective and efficient use of knowledge for decision making purposes. The development of a skills and capabilities framework requires organisations to fully understand what skills and capabilities KM practitioners need to have. This research had as an aim to identify the skills and capabilities KM practitioners in South African organisations are required to have. The research question was: “What skills and capabilities do organisations look for when employing KM practitioners?” To answer this question, data collection was done using semi-structured interviews conducted in organisations that practice KM. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Additionally, the process of secondary data collection and analysis was conducted. The data was analysed using Atlas t.i. software as well as narratively. The objective of the study was to determine what skills and capabilities KM practitioners in South Africa need to develop and have. Based on the study’s findings, the most prominent skills required for practitioners are research skills, marketing skills, strong technical skills, and interpersonal skills. Management, problem solving, the capability to collect and analyse data were the prominent capabilities identified, other capabilities included strategic thinking, leadership and communication. Furthermore, it was determined that the organisations used as case studied do not have a set framework of KM skills and capabilities. However, following discussion during the interviews, participants realised the importance of having such a framework. This speaks to the importance of this study as it will help in the creation of a KM skills and capabilities framework, using the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) framework as a benchmark, by identifying the required KM skills and capabilities.

Keywords: knowledge management, skills, capabilities, framework, SFIA

75 Gamifying the Product Quality Reviews in the Pharmaceutical Industry Ricardo Pateiro Marcão1, 2, Gabriel Pestana3 and Maria José Sousa1 1Universidade Europeia, Portugal 2Altran Portugal, S. A., Portugal 3UNIDCOM/ Data Mining Lab, IADE – Faculdade de Design, Tecnologia e Comunicação da Universidade Europeia, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.183

Abstract: The Healthcare sector is a much-regulated market, and this means that the pharmaceutical industry must deliver products to the market of the utmost level of quality and safety. Complex supply chains, data integrity issues, and tightening regulations are all forces that affect pharmaceutical quality strategies and processes on a day-to-day basis. Besides, regulatory bodies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), are increasingly focused not only on compliance but also on the importance of building a culture of quality management in the pharmaceutical industry. In this domain, the Quality Management System (QMS) is a well-known system to support processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving quality policies and objectives. The QMS also drives consistent metrics, risk calculations, and other trend analysis in developing periodical Product Quality Reviews (PQRs), usually corresponding to one year periods, related to the product and with its active substance. The PQRs development process requires proper management of knowledge so that it can be replicated in different activities. To improve the PQRs effectiveness and efficiency continuously, the paper proposes the adoption of Gamification techniques. The Gamification usually is related to employee motivation, which, in turn, is conducive to the achievement of better results in the organization. However, the concept can also be used to monitor and improve the performance of different business activities related to the stages of the development of PQRs. In this context, regarding the activities of the project, it is necessary to understand how the commitment of stakeholders evolves and if the application of Gamification techniques allows enhancing this variable, taking the evolution of the performance as another variable that could be evaluated. This paper focuses on innovation in the area of knowledge management, based on the projection of a Gamification model related to managing activities of a PQR development project at the level of the active substance. This model also provides a case study in one of the largest companies in the national pharmaceutical industry in Portugal and was applied to a project team of five consultants from the Life Sciences area of Altran Portugal, S. A...

76 Keywords: healthcare, product quality reviews, gamification, quality control, situational-awareness

Emotional and Spiritual Capitals: Linchpins for Organizational Sustainability Ana Martins and Isabel Martins University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.033

Abstract: Knowledge is the asset that supports organisations to achieve competitive advantage. Knowledge represents the nervous system of organizations and provides these with longevity and financial independence. However, in the last two decades, knowledge has taken on different shapes and forms. Knowledge has changed the typology associated with the value of the organizational legacy. This study is a reflection pertaining to the growth of organizational equity capital and aims to identify core values inherent in emotional and spiritual capitals that form the basis for excellent organizational performance. This study aims to shed some light on the importance of intangible capital for the organization and to demonstrate that, in its absence, tangible capital is left alone thus constraining its performance.

Keywords: emotional capital, knowledge, performance, spiritual capital, values

Knowledge Geography: Human Geography Approach to Measuring Regional Divergence of Knowledge Capital Andrey Mikhaylov1, 2, Tatyana Yu. Kuznetsova1 and Irina Yu. Peker1 1Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia 2Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.239 Abstract: Major cities and agglomerations are the innovation leaders throughout the globe. High population density and migration influx, clusters of related industries, intensive inter-regional and international networking favour the development of outstanding territorial capital. By attracting talents, entrepreneurs, and capital, coupled with advanced public infrastructure and infinite labour market urban agglomerations intensify regional divergence between and within regions. Cohesion policies are designed to overcome the effects of this unequal competition by supporting industries and the social sector

77 of the peripheral territories. The gap that largely remains irretrievable is the loss of knowledge holders – from an individual to an excellence cluster. Knowledge is the major resource of local, regional, and national competitiveness. Regional innovation systems require a constant influx of new knowledge, while the regional innovation security argues for the most critical knowledge to be generated on spot. This paper aims to present the geography of knowledge in Russia by evaluating the bibliometric data for 997 cities (and 1 rural settlement) and 83 regions across the country for a period of 2013–2017. Tacit knowledge and impalpable innovations – the competencies, know-how, expertise, are hard to trace using common statistics. The methodology based on modern scientometrics and big data analysis offers an approach to capture some of the knowledge capital available in a certain locality and analyse innovation dynamics of urban settlements. Research results suggest there is a strong path-dependency in the Russian knowledge domain that heavily relies on the Soviet legacy and geo-spatial factors. Often neglected or perceived as a source of input to the knowledge- generating nucleus, peripheral areas are well integrated in value co-creation within the hub-and-spoke cooperation pattern. The data acquired is highly valuable to regional planning and knowledge management.

Keywords: knowledge geography, innovation geography, scientometrics, regional innovation system, knowledge management, intellectual capital, Russia

Knowledge Sharing at the University: Two Perspectives Ludmila Mládková University of Economics Prague, Czech Republic DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.190

Abstract: Changes in the technical, social and political environment we have experienced in the past 30 years influence our life and work. Today, university students are born into a globalised world with nearly limitless opportunities, to a world in which an important part is virtual. Compared to previous generations, they miss the experience of what the world looked like before globalisation and ICT development, and take the new environment for granted. We observe in our everyday contact with our students that these assumptions influence their values and shape their behaviour and expectations. Students of our university will soon be important influencers. Due to their education, they are supposed to relate their professions with business; e.g. they will become managers and entrepreneurs. Knowledge they acquire today will influence economic and social life in years to come and the well-being of many people. In recent years, our students have changed, especially in the fields of motivation, focus and attention, 78 and relationships to education and in values. We do not think that these young people are worse than previous generations, but as they live in a different world their approaches and values may be different, which is interesting from a research perspective and important from the academic and practical point of view. The objective of the research discussed in this paper was to identify the expectations of our students about university education, compare them with the expectations and ideas of experienced university teachers and evaluate "compatibility" of both views. Students and teachers are partners in the academic process that can be successful only when they cooperate in harmony, e.g. understand the field of study, the knowledge it provides and the similar academic processes. Our qualitative research identified big differences and incompatibilities between both groups, especially on how they understand knowledge, media for knowledge sharing, and the role of a university teacher in educational processes.

Keywords: university, knowledge sharing, education, the role of university and teacher in knowledge development, specifics of a new generation, grounded theory

Does HRM Matter for KM? Preliminary Insights From a Systematic Literature Review Samuel Monteiro1 and Leonor Pais2 1University of Beira Interior – Research Center in Business Sciences (NECE- UBI), Covilhã, Portugal 2University of Coimbra, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.227

Abstract: The paper aims to present preliminary data from a systematic literature review. With this paper/communication we intend to explore a way to identify and evidence the main scientific papers, around the Knowledge management's (KM) (in)dependence on Human resource management (HRM), published during the last decade – 2009-2019, and deepen the conceptual and theoretical foundations of this inter-relation. Following the guidelines for systematic literature review, for management and social sciences, the authors searched, selected and analysed top cited scientific papers, published in peer-reviewed journals, indexed in the SCOPUSTM database. A comparison between the publication characteristics and tendencies through a bibliometrics analysis will be presented. A chronological pattern of the most significant studies around these topics and a deep analysis of the potential change/evolution at this scientific domain, namely, at the methodological research perspectives will be synthetical

79 presented and discussed, aiming to consolidate the past, trying to better understand the present and to prospect the HR and knowledge management confluent future.

Keywords: knowledge management, human resources management, systematic literature review

Knowledge Acquisition Through Personal Networks: Influences of Geographical Distance and tie Strength Yukiko Murakami Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.062 Abstract: Previous studies have recognized the importance of networks as a channel of knowledge acquisition and have empirically analysed collaborative research networks and the citation networks of articles and patents. However, very little is known about the role of researchers’ personal networks in knowledge acquisition. Analysing approximately 2500 ties of approximately 1000 researchers working in Japanese national universities and laboratories, this study revealed which ties in personal networks are used for the acquisition of specific knowledge, focusing on the geographical distance between a knowledge sender and a recipient, the strength of the tie connecting them, and the contents and characteristics of transferred knowledge. This study found that the strength of ties measured by the frequency of knowledge exchange positively affects the acquisition of cutting-edge knowledge and problem-solving knowledge. It is generally known that a greater geographical distance decreases knowledge transfer, and this study found that a greater geographical distance weakens the strength of ties measured by the frequency of knowledge exchange and decreases knowledge acquisition. However, the findings also revealed that cutting-edge knowledge is likely to be acquired from actors who are geographically remote because knowledge is geographically unevenly distributed in the world. By contrast, individuals are more likely to acquire problem-solving knowledge, characterized by more tacitness and context-specificity, from geographically close actors with whom the individual shares context. In addition, the strength of ties measured by not only the frequency of knowledge exchange but also the duration of knowledge exchange in years positively affects the acquisition of problem- solving knowledge. Therefore, the strength of ties is more important for problem- solving knowledge acquisition than for cutting-edge knowledge acquisition. A large geographical distance is likely to decrease the frequency of knowledge exchange, but a greater duration of knowledge exchange can compensate for the

80 lower frequency and can facilitate the acquisition of problem-solving knowledge. This study shows that geographically remote actors and close actors have different roles and suggests that forming various ties and maintaining strong ties, which are likely accompanied by trust/affection, are important for researchers’ knowledge acquisition.

Keywords: personal networks, knowledge transfer, researchers, geographical distance, the strength of ties

Assessing the Impact of Virtual Mobility on the Formation of Human Capital Olga Nadezhina and Ekaterina Avduyevskaia Graduate School of Industrial Economics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.127

Abstract: Transiting to an innovative economy is the main strategic objective of Russia today. Innovation is important not only because of the advantages that access to new technologies gives to enterprises and organizations (increased productivity, profitability, resistance to rapid changes in the external environment), but also due to a complex impact of innovation on society. So the question of how knowledge, which is the core of human capital, is generated, used and managed, is very significant. Not only an innovative economy changes the way human capital is acquired, but also how it is used and developed. So, assessing the impact of virtual mobility tools on the formation of human capital attracts attention of researchers, who use different econometric approaches for this purpose. This work contributes to studying this issue using a nonparametric approach based on a model of Data Envelopment Analysis. The results of the study expand the possibilities of identifying the most effective tools for forming human capital when a strategy of transition to an innovative economy is implemented.

Keywords: human capital, innovative economy, virtual mobility tools, data envelopment analysis

81 Supply Chain Metrics: An Improvement Opportunity for the South African Wine Industry Rodney Naude1 and Micheline Naude2 1Department of Entrepreneurship, Supply Chain, Transport, Tourism and Logistics Management, UNISA, Pretoria, South Africa 2School of Management, IT & Governance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.072 Abstract: Wine producers are facing financial and operational challenges as they operate and compete in a highly traded global arena where consumers are spoilt for choice. Consequently, it is vital for wine producers to implement the industry best practices and continuously adapt their supply chain processes in order to survive. As supply chain management practices create value for wine producers, stakeholders and throughout the supply chain, it is key that the performance of the supply chain is measured. Currently limited research has been conducted in supply chain efficiency and the utilisation of performance metrics in the South African wine industry. It is against this background that this study aims to determine whether the South African wine industry should have a standard set of metrics to be used for comparative purposes across the South African. A case study approach was adopted for this study. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews using an interview guide with ten participants at five wine producing estates located in the different wine growing areas within the Stellenbosch region. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that the participating wine producing estates have simple internal performance metrics in place that meet their immediate operational needs. However, they do not look beyond to see how measuring, and monitoring key supply chain metrics, and by using these to benchmark their supply chain performance against their competitors, may help them identify opportunities for improvement for their estates. Providing details of the potential insights and benefits that the South African wine producers could gain by measuring and monitoring supply chain performance and benchmarking their results against their peers and the industry leaders. We contribute by providing approaches for vineyards and wineries to improve their supply chain performance using metrics. This approach will assist the wine producing estates to prioritise better, manage their resources in a more efficient and effective way, and to reduce costs.

Keywords: benchmarking, performance metrics, supply chain, wine industry

82 The Role of Knowledge Management in Driving the Application of Industry 4.0 in Logistics Gaby Neumann1 and Pietro Evangelista2, 3 1Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Germany 2CNR-IRISS, Naples, Italy 3School of Business and Management, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.253

Abstract: Knowledge is becoming a critical driver of business innovation and companies need to implement strategies to support knowledge management processes. The concept of Industry 4.0 is heavily based on the use of digital technology to achieve productivity improvements and higher degree of flexibility in production processes. Consequently, knowledge management is expected to play a strategic role in the application of Industry 4.0 in a number of sectors including the logistics and supply chain industry. Nevertheless, the role of knowledge management in the application of Industry 4.0 in logistics and supply chain management is still unclear. This paper addresses this issue. Its main objective is to shed light on how knowledge management may support the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept in logistics and supply chains. To achieve this objective, a literature-based analysis has been developed to explore the phenomenon under investigation. Such an analysis demonstrate that the academic literature neglected the potential of knowledge management in the relationship between Industry 4.0 and logistics, while knowledge is becoming a critical component for the effective management and performance of logistics. The study concludes that knowledge management requires transformation and new business models for supporting effectively logistics in the age of Industry 4.0 and it suggests a number of possible research avenues to validate the role of knowledge management in this area.

Keywords: knowledge management, Industry 4.0, logistics, supply chain, literature-based analysis

83 Towards Automatic Waste Treatment Plant Development Based on Employee Knowledge Satoshi Nishimura1, Kazue Shibata2, Noriaki Shiraishi3, Ken Fukuda1 and Takuichi Nishimura1 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan 2Sanki Engineering Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 3Sanki Chemical Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.038 Abstract: Crane operation is a dominant work process in a waste treatment plant with incineration facilities. One aim of crane operations is homogenization of waste distribution in a waste pit. Some studies of automatic crane operation systems have been conducted according to this background. Nevertheless, current systems can conduct only simple crane operations. This study used knowledge of crane-operating employees to produce an automated waste treatment plant. First, we used a questionnaire to survey employees’ viewpoints about which crane operations are chosen in everyday operations at five plants. The 36 questionnaire items mainly required free text responses. Second, we investigated and discussed the questionnaire results with practitioners. This discussion identified 12 questionnaire items that include meaningful information about crane operator know-how. Third, based on the employee know-how, we constructed rules to manage crane operations. We constructed 29 rules as a result. Fourth, we evaluated the rules using crane operation movie data including movies of a waste pit taken with a fixed camera and crane operations of three operators taken using an eye-tracking camera. The evaluation result shows that the rule set reproduced 77% of crane operations but also produced 100% irrelevant operations. Based on our discussion, four factors: lack of data, too strict rules, too simple rules and no priority criteria cause the result. As a finding of this research, this case study proposed a kind of knowledge elicitation strategy which is applicable to other domains for which know-how is important. Finally, we describe future prospects including possible automated waste treatment plants.

Keywords: automation, crane operation, knowledge elicitation, knowledge representation, waste treatment

84 The Future of Human Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence Nóra Obermayer and Viktória Erika Tóth Department of Management and Leadership, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.129 Abstract: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Industry 4.0 and Digitalization, Machine Learning and Big Data are defining nowadays’ trends worldwide, moreover Artificial Intelligence has become the biggest buzzword these days. It has the potential to completely reshape tomorrow’s workplace, but the main question is how. Business always wants to derive insights from information in order to make better, real time, fact- based decisions: there is a demand for depth of knowledge that drives the growth of big data tools. Organizations need to start managing knowledge through different sources, and integrating its usefulness via a range of technologies. In 1966 Polanyi argued that human knowledge and capability relied on skills and rulesets that are often beneath conscious appreciation (transmitted to the people via culture, tradition, evolution, etc.). The thesis of the book was summarized as “We can know more than we can tell”. Many of the tasks people perform rely on tacit, intuitive knowledge that is difficult to codify and automate (Polanyi’s paradox). In recent decades, focusing on understanding, capturing, sharing and applying tacit knowledge has been the focus of either national or international research. In the current state of technological development, machines become capable to learn and manage tacit knowledge. Beyond "human" knowledge, "machine" knowledge will play an increasing role. In the area of Knowledge Management, questions of both theoretical and practical relevance are emerging: Does this Polanyi’s paradox interpret as an obstacle throughout technological improvement? What affects could Artificial Intelligence have on Knowledge management? How could Artificial Intelligence be accompanied with Knowledge Management facilitating and enhancing the future of knowledge workers? How could we apply and manage knowledge created by these new technologies? What are the differences between human and machine knowledge? The aim of the paper is to explore the theoretical and the practical background and limitations of Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Management with particular emphasis on the role of human- machine tacit knowledge.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, knowledge management, machine knowledge, tacit knowledge

85 Making Knowledge Management More Relevant and Creative: A Comparative Study of ECKM Papers Johan Olaisen and Oivind Revang BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.054 Abstract: This paper is analyzing and comparing all the academic research papers in the proceedings of ECKM in 2017 (Barcelona) and 2018 (Padua). The study is classifying the papers according to methodology, analysis, discussion, and conclusion regarding their contribution, placing them into the four paradigmatic boxes. The approach is to use a philosophy of science framework and compare this to the content of the research papers. We have used the findings in four representations of knowledge, two typologies of concepts, four paradigmatic classifications, and the concluding framework for knowledge management research. Both conferences have a heavy emphasis upon knowledge-itis and instrumental-itis and much less emphasis upon problem-itis. The papers are centered around existing knowledge and accepted methodology and less related to new problems. The results indicate an ECKM conference based upon as-is knowledge and less upon new problems. The ECKM papers have rather low complexity presented in an empirical and materialistic paradigmatic framework through definitive concepts representing a form of atomistic research. What would ECKM have been with a higher degree of complexity in action and subjective paradigmatic frameworks through sensitizing concepts representing a form of holistic research? Probably a more creative, engaged and relevant conference. Objectivity is in demand, but subjectivity is needed to come up with proposals for working greener and smarter. To move ahead for better quality in the research, it is necessary to break free from the empirical paradigm and the materialistic paradigm and move into the clarified subjectivity and action paradigm. Paradigmatic ecumenism will tend to a fiercer, but an idea-generating debate. This pluralistic approach will give more engaged practical research representing more sustainable societies and businesses.

Keywords: paradigms, concepts, perspectives, knowledge creation, knowledge accumulation, research domain

86 The Effects of Knowledge in the Creation and Sharing of Knowledge Mírian Oliveira1,2, Plínio Silva Garcia1, Fernanda Gomes1, Mário Bissani1 and Carla Curado2 1PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil 2Advance/CSG, ISEG, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.070 Abstract: Knowledge is important to companies of all sizes because it helps to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Nevertheless, the knowledge management methods applied in large companies cannot be adopted in small and medium enterprises, essentially due to their limited resources. This article aims to analyse the influence of the types of knowledge (tacit and explicit) in the knowledge management processes (creation and sharing) in small and medium enterprises. A survey method was adopted in which data were collected using a questionnaire with Qualtrics support. The 230 respondents were top managers from, or owners of micro, small and medium companies. Descriptive measures, exploratory factor analysis and partial least squares structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data. The research findings will help company managers determine the relevance of tacit knowledge. This kind of knowledge can be either beneficial, because it is more difficult to copy and demands less investment, and/or harmful, because it is more difficult to incorporate into the organizational knowledge. Therefore, to avoid its loss, companies need to ensure tacit knowledge is shared and used to create new knowledge. Companies need investments in information technology and employees time to increase explicit knowledge, which is difficult for small and medium enterprises. In academic terms, this research contributes towards our understanding of the roles of tacit and explicit knowledge in the creation and sharing of knowledge in small and medium enterprises.

Keywords: tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, SMEs

87 Sharing of Tacit Knowledge in Volunteer Portuguese Firefighters Márcio Oliveira1 and Paulo Pinheiro2 1Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal 2Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.104 Abstract: The studies in the area of knowledge management, directed to non- profit organizations are scarce, as opposed to what happens in the private and public sector. The growing importance of the third sector and its institutions, in establishing a more just and balanced society, combating asymmetries and placing itself on the side of the neediest, justifies the attention of the academic community, in order to establish and adopt best practices to carry out their missions. The choice of a case study of organizations such as the Portuguese fire brigades (FBs), unique in their action and identity, accompanies the need increasingly recognized by Portuguese society, in enabling these organizations of competencies for the best possible performance, in view of tragic events that have occurred in recent years in this country, particularly in the area of major fires. Research goal: placing the focus of the study on the sharing of tacit knowledge in these organizations and taking as a case study the Portuguese volunteer firefighter, we set as objectives the verification of the prevalence of tacit knowledge indicators within these organizations and the identification of barriers to this same sharing. Research methodology / design: a careful reading of the literature on sharing tacit knowledge allowed the identification of possible indicators and barriers to the sharing of this knowledge, which were later included in the script of interviews to eight commanders of fire brigades of the central region of Portugal, under the methodological technique snowball, for a qualitative study. Main findings: it was possible to conclude that these organizations tend not to share this type of knowledge, presenting barriers at the individual, organizational and technological level. Limitations / recommendations: as limitations of the research, it should be noted that the present research focuses exclusively on the sharing of tacit knowledge, not considering other forms of knowledge. As a case study, although with heterogeneous organizations, the same cannot be replicated to different realities.

Keywords: tacit knowledge, indicators, barriers, volunteer firefighters, non-profit organizations

88 Sharing Knowledge Data to Avoid and Reduce Disasters Dan Ophir1, Piotr Wiśniewski2 and Doron Greenberg1 1Computer Science Department, Ariel University, Israel 2Warsaw School of Economics, Poland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.022 Abstract: Knowledge management is a fundamental area of research in an era of digital disruption. Its subset, data management, is critical during emergencies when effective and immediate treatment is necessary. Therefore, the following computerized management system is being proposed. The system is highly universal in scope and is geared toward various disasters types. This research The proposed methodology of disaster management, accompanied by examples and response mechanisms follows from the following classification: 1. Negatively affected quantity: population, land, mass etc. 2. Damage type: physical, psychological trauma, economic loss; 3. Damage source: human or state- sponsored (missile strikes), natural disasters (earthquakes, tornados, floods, tsunamis); 4. Disaster management dynamics: 4.1. Perception – e.g. seismic warnings, synoptic map of far-flung areas, intelligence gathering; 4.2. Data Analysis – the direction and velocity of disaster spread (e.g. monitoring the direction and velocity of wind propagation); 4.3. Customized Warning – e.g. based on GPS location; 4.4. Plotting an escape route as per criteria driven by personal; 5. Disaster overlap – The disasters may appear in various combinations, which amplifies their impact for example merging two following parameters 5.1. Weather – (intensity and direction) has a relatively high incidence alongside disasters. 5.2. Communication – Outage communication combined with a given disaster greatly complicates disaster management as well as victim aid and treatment. 6. Tools: The parameters of the proposed system have been displayed above. 6.1. Simulation – the disaster is functionally simplified and simulated emphasizing the focus localization, describing the waves and the intensity. 6.2. Customization – individual treatment of each case by collecting and encoding all relevant information; 6.3. Computerized communication enables a quick mobilization of aid resources and volunteers according to their location and their professional profile. 6.4. GPS – pinpointing the exact position of the injured and the volunteers, expressed in geographic coordinates. Disasters’ complexity, overlap, and coincidence indicate the need for a coordinated approach based on an efficient pooling of available resources under one common authority. Thus, the proposed system enables an efficient and synchronized reaction to mass emergency events. The benefits of the system lie in its flexibility, timeliness, effectiveness of response as well as universal applicability.

89 Keywords: customization, simulation, virality, Google Maps, Waze, risk management, post-trauma treatment, data management, disaster management cycle, knowledge management

Organizational Change for Procedures and Regulation Implementation: Institutionalization Process in a Global/Local Setting Luís Pimentel and Paula Anjos Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.243

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how organizational change was conceived and implemented in a local setting, as a response to severe deficiencies found regarding procedures and regulations application. Moreover, three nested levels (macro, meso and micro) were visualized in the analyzed setting. Guidelines and pressures from the upper levels (global) were found. Additionally, the paper tries to analyze how these pressures and guidelines influenced the action in practice, and what were the measures taken to respond successfully to the identified challenge. Methodology: A qualitative methodology was used to conduct the research, supported on a case study – a state prison in Portugal. Moreover, the investigation also comprised the supervising Directorate- General. The following research questions were posed: i) How did the merger process between the Directorate-General of Prison Services (DGPS) and the Directorate-General for Social Reinsertion (DGSR) occur, and what was the impact seen on the change process in prisons? Ii) Can this process of change in prisons be explained by existing theory? Data were gathered by tape-recorded interviews and by written documentation provided by the organization. Findings: It was found that actions and measures were successfully taken and implemented in the local setting, in a well-conceived strategy to respond to the deficiencies found and to the pressures and guidelines from the upper levels. Institutional theory was used to support the investigation, particularly the link between the three nested levels (Dillard et al., 2004; Scott, 2014). Isomorphism (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983, 1991) and practice variation (Cruz et al., 2009; Cruz et al. 2011) were also found as key factors linked to the outcome process. Research Implication: This paper shows that organizational change can be the umbrella to solve deficiencies regarding procedures and regulations application in a state local setting. Furthermore, some key factors were found as relevant in practice (isomorphism, practice variation, collective involvement, among others). This conclusion is very important for academics and for practitioners. Originality/Value: Organizational

90 change, isomorphism, practice variation, collective involvement (among others) are key factors to help organizations to solve internal deficiencies linked to procedures and regulations application.

Keywords: organizational change, institutional theory, institutionalization process, case study

Cluster Analysis of the Relationship Between Traditional and Innovation Economies Evgeny Popov1, 2 and Maxim Vlasov1, 2 1Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia 2Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.043 Abstract: Under contemporary conditions, programmes for the socio-economic development of Russian regions are increasingly relevant due to the necessity of a coordinating element between the Federal target programmes that operate on the territories of Federal Subjects and the target programmes of the Federal Subject itself. When creating an effective system for managing the development and implementation of regional socio-economic development programmes, it is necessary to proceed according to a unified method that is in conformity with government socio-economic development priorities. Regional economic policy essentially depends on a particular region's innovative potential, which, in turn, predetermines its further socio-economic development. In order to determine specific influence of socio-cultural factors involved in traditional approaches to the economic management of regions where the indigenous peoples are predominantly supported through innovative development, the authors conducted a cluster analysis of the regions of the Russian Federation. The study revealed the relationship between indicators of support for traditional activities and those aimed at supporting innovation activities. The amount of funding for ongoing programmes that support traditional activities affects the birth rate in the corresponding region. It is precisely among indigenous people, who are closely associated with traditional activities, that one of the main values is marriage and children. As might be expected, efforts to support this part of the region’s population lead to a reduction in the divorce rate. However, along with this, a certain “inhibition” of economic and innovative development can be detected. Therefore, when designing support for these regions, it is necessary to direct additional efforts to support precisely these problem areas. The studied regions were combined into three clusters. The regions of the first cluster are 91 characterised by the extent to which social and economic development indicators are harmonised. Regions of the second cluster (in which only organisations supporting traditional livelihoods are developed) are characterised by high birth rates and low divorce rates. Regions of the third cluster (regions in which only organisations supporting innovation are developed) are characterised by positive innovation and economic development indicator values. It is also worth noting that this corresponds to the highest value of the “number of people with higher education” indicator. Along with the positive points, this cluster is also distinguished by negatives: the largest number of divorces per 1000 people and the lowest birth rates. The cluster analysis of traditional and innovative economies allows us to formulate the directions of development of economic systems for the formation of harmonious relations between traditional structures and innovative approaches to conducting economic activity.

Keywords: cluster analysis, innovative economy, social and economic development

Case-Based Reasoning for Knowledge Retrieval in new Product Development Marcin Relich Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Zielona Gora, Poland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.069

Abstract: New product development is a crucial process in improving company's competitiveness, and affects business success in rapidly changing markets. Information technology supports contemporary companies in managing business processes, registering data, and storing a part of organizational experiences in enterprise repositories. These experiences can be especially useful in project- oriented companies to help project team members find a solution to problems occurring in a new product development (NPD) project, using experiences from previous projects. A promising methodology for supporting the NPD process is case-based reasoning (CBR) that uses the past experience to retrieve similar cases from a case library. Retrieved cases can facilitate identification of solutions related to NPD problems within conceptual product design, use of proper materials and technology to build prototypes, effective workflow between different actors involved in NPD, or cost estimation at the early phases of an NDP project. This paper is concerned with using a CBR approach to knowledge retrieval in project-oriented companies that register and store their experiences from previous projects. Enterprise databases are a source of potential useful information and knowledge to improve the effectiveness of next NPD projects. 92 The proposed CBR approach consists of four stages: retrieval and ranking the most similar cases, identification of problems occurring in past NPD projects, determination of learning curve for the time needed to solve a problem, and evaluation of NPD projects in the context of time and cost. Project evaluation helps decision-makers select the most promising project portfolio. The use of CBR enables identification of past NPD projects that have struggled with similar problems during project execution. Project managers can identify potential difficulties in project execution and try to avoid them. Moreover, the proposed CBR system can be treated as a collaborative platform for sharing knowledge among project team members. A CBR approach allows R&D employees to obtain information of ways for solving the target problem in the past, increasing effectiveness of the NPD process.

Keywords: project management, product design, enterprise databases, knowledge management

Obstacles and Driving Forces in Virtual Knowledge Sharing: A Case-Based Analysis Øivind Revang and Johan Olaisen BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.098 Abstract: The research phenomenon is the use of corporate social/collaboration software to share Information/knowledge. The empirical material was collected in two large corporations that implemented Workplace by Facebook (WbF). The data are partly quantitative based on an electronic survey in each organization and partly qualitatively based on interviews with core personnel. The paper has two research questions: A) What motivates and what prevent people from using the software to share knowledge? B) Of what should the management be aware to increase organization efficiency through knowledge sharing? Since little is known about the subject and theoretical constructions are rudimentary and fragmented, the empirical material is analyzed to substantiate various propositions. A total of six propositions is generated. These results are empirically testable to verify the theory building, and of importance for those who intend to implement similar software in their organizations. It is a strong indication that educational background has an impact on the sharing of information/knowledge. The main pitfall and threat to efficiency seem to be the posting of information without restrictions - as such behavior will result in an ‘internal junkyard’ of information. Tensions between an existing hierarchy of authority and lateral arrangements to share information and knowledge can also prevent possible

93 gains from sharing knowledge across existing internal borders. Generally, there seems to be an imprecise language concerning collaboration and sharing as well as information and knowledge, which may impact the actual behavior of the users.

Keywords: lateral knowledge sharing, informal organization, knowledge creation, virtual collaboration, corporate social software

Knowledge Management for tax Purposes and the Ethics of tax Evasion César Ribeiro Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.186

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyse the question of Knowledge Management (KM) regarding the behaviour of taxpayers in Portugal. The consequences of fiscal reality in an economy can be as productive as it is devastating. One of the major problems for tax administrators in the twentieth century has been the growth in tax avoidance (Likhovski, 2007). In a fiscal system closely linked to accounting, such as Portuguese, the hiring of accounting professionals plays a very important role. No one like them can, in advance (this concept can make a difference), make known the tax to be supported in a more or less near future and present valid alternatives to avoid or minimize it. In this task the question of ethics plays a particularly important role. The definition of Accounting is presented as an information system that can serve a wide range of users. The knowledge of this information is used for internal and external decision-making. Moreover, it is, as a rule, the basis for the tax assessment in companies. Having all that was previously stated in mind the research questions of the paper are: How to manage the accounting information that gives rise to tax payment? Is this information reliable? In order to answer these questions we will conduct a questionnaire addressed to teachers, students and other experts in accounting and tax matters. It is expected that the results on the possible explanation for the reliability of the information will move towards the ethics as a fundamental discipline in the training of these professionals. We believe that this study will result in the reflection on the importance of ethical education of both professionals who perform and at the level of decision. The data collected are reported for the year 2019. Since accounting and tax rules are subject to frequent changes, this should be considered as a limitation to our study.

94 Keywords: knowledge management, tax evasion, ethics, accounting

Spirituality in Knowledge Management: Systematic Literature Review and Future Studies Suggestions Raysa Rocha1 and Paulo Pinheiro2 1Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal 2NECE Research Unit in Business Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.096 Abstract: Knowledge Management has established itself as key to the competitive advantage of companies in the 21st century. As the mere accumulation of knowledge is insufficient, there is a corresponding need to control and supervise interactions across the organization to create organisational value. Thus, understanding how the composition of the main knowledge management constructs and what influences them is especially important. This research seeks to understand how spirituality amounts to a factor influencing the Knowledge Management. We opted to undertake a systematic review of the literature in order to understand just which links among the constructs feature in the literature. Therefore, we made searches on Web of Science and EBSCO databases. The main contribution of this article is literature systematization and categorization. Our results suggest that spirituality positively influences organizational learning, organizational wisdom, knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. However, we would emphasise that there are almost no articles interlinking these two constructs and hence the need to deepen research into this factor and improve our understanding of its influence in organisations and therefore also present suggestions to future research and the application of different methodologies to advance studies on this subject.

Keywords: knowledge, knowledge management, spirituality, workplace spirituality, systematic literature review

95 The Matrioskas Sequence: A Methodological Approach for Managing Knowledge and Innovation Carlos Alves Rosa and Gabriel Pestana Faculdade de Design, Tecnologia e Comunicação da Universidade Europeia, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM19.155

Abstract: The capability to transform data into embedded knowledge is presently considered by many as the most valued intangible asset. Knowledge management and innovation seem to be the axial paradigm for the development of world economy, and for the survival of business models interested in analyzing and understanding the market's perception and collaboration for a specific product or brand. In this domain, the possibility to provide decision-makers with situational- awareness insights about the stakeholders’ perceptions, attitudes and improvement suggestions (co-creation) have emerged as a key concept. The transformation of pure data into information, then knowledge and finally in “embedded wisdom” (e.g., know-how) is the crucial differentiation factor for the competitive advantage of a successful organization. This transformative flux of data into know-how - allowed by a constant incremental technological loop and stakeholders empowerment - can “make or break” any organization. The fundamental question therefore arises: Can organizations gather, measure, learn, and incorporate knowledge and innovation just-in-time, embedding it into their cultural environment and operational modus operandi, thus developing exclusive differentiating know-how? Therefore, the Matrioskas sequence framework was empirically conceived to experimentally test and answer this question. The synchronized management of subjective (tacit) and objective (explicit) knowledge, seems to generate for the organization embedded knowledge (eg. wisdom) in a just-in-time diachronic flux. Scientifically funded on an integrated modelling sequence composed by three conceptual pillars, Processes, Technology, and People & Skills, the Matrioskas Sequence for Knowledge and Innovation (MATSKI) is experimentally operationalized by: (1) an ontological model for the Processes pillar, named the InnovaFlow; (2) an operational model for the Technology pillar, named Just-in-Time Knowledge Brand model; and (3) an applied model for the People & Skills pillar, named Cellular Field Management model. This holistic integrated framework was experimentally validated and empirically confirms the parsimony of a collaborative multichannel just-in-time communication flow (eg. eg. a diachronic always on dialogue) with organizational customers and all other stakeholders (eg. suppliers, distributors, and own employees), addressing performance control, continuous improvement and innovation – controlled by performance just-in-time metrics (eg. KPIs), synchronized with the gathering of 96 knowledge obtained by data semantics, context awareness analysis, and visual data analytics, originated by diachronic interactions that can discover (eg. reveal) the most valued insights for development and innovation - designated The Gold Nuggets.

Keywords: wisdom, iBPM, situational-awareness, social intelligence, new product development (NPD)

Traditional and new Knowledge and Practices in the Food System Transition Isabel Salavisa and Maria de Fátima Ferreiro ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, DINÂMIA’CET-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.090

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study how distinct generations of knowledge and technology are used for implementing innovative and sustainable production and commercialization practices in the food system. Transition towards sustainability encompasses structural changes in technological, organizational and social domains. In the case of the food systems, notably agriculture, the shift is from a ‘productivist’ to a ‘post-productivist’ paradigm. This change takes place via the scaling up of experimental and isolated cases (niches), through the creation of organic farms and the transformation of conventional ones. The post-productivist mode of agricultural production relies on principles such as high quality products, certified practices, environmental conservation, local embeddedness and alternative forms of commercialization. Conversely, economic efficiency prevails in the dominant ‘productivist’ mode. On the one hand, new technologies, namely in information and communication, play an important role in the shift to sustainable businesses in the food system. The Internet has become extensively used in the commercialization processes, while biotechnology advances (developed in universities, and public and privately owned laboratories) are increasingly incorporated in farming. On the other hand, traditional sources of innovation consist of the re-usage and adaptation of ‘old’ knowledge, practices and techniques. Local production and short supply chains, which allow the creation of innovative businesses, are examples of this phenomenon. These cases exemplify how traditional activities can absorb/generate innovation, at technological and organizational levels, and adapt to the new knowledge-based era. The research presented in the paper has been conducted in a project on Spatial Planning for Change (SPLACH). The analysis focus on the food system

97 transition in a specific territory, the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The paper addresses the combination of different technologies in organic food production initiatives in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with key actors, namely entrepreneurs or leaders of the initiatives.

Keywords: food system transition, organic farms, low technology sectors, technological innovation, knowledge management, commercialization practices

Stakeholder Theory, Intellectual Capital and Risk Sharing :Proposed Framework Adel Sarea1, Abdulsadek Hassan Elshaker2, Zakir Hossen Shaikh3, Amir Imeri4, Sutan Hidayat5and Abdalmuttaleb Musleh Al-Sartawi1 1College of Business and Finance, Accounting and Economics department, Ahlia University, Kingdom of Bahrain 2College of Arts & Science - Mass Communications & Public Relations Department, Ahlia University, Kingdom of Bahrain 3Commercial Studies Division, Bahrain Training Institute, Ministry of Education ,Kingdom of Bahrain 4Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, International Balkan University - Macedonia 5Islamic Finance National Committee, Central Bank of Indonesia, Indonesia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.263

Abstract: The paper proposes a framework to explore the relationship between stakeholder theory, intellectual capital and risk sharing. The paper employs content analysis approaches to explore the relationship between stakeholder theory, intellectual capital and risk sharing. Stakeholder theory is more suitable if it is used to explain the Islamic concepts of employer employee relationships in line with the teachings of the “Quran and Hadith” and the practices of Islamic system. Islamic system treats the stakeholders as equity shareholders. Stakeholders not only share profits from their contributions. They prioritize the use of Islamic values as the basis of all their business activities. The stakeholder theory model isn't really a strategic framework - it won't facilitate to innovate or develop business directly. To understand the true benefits of stakeholder theory, we have to look at a more societal /ethical level. This includes “Intellectual capital” which offers a prospective source of sustainable competitive advantage and is assumed to be the basis of economic growth and the “Risk sharing” practice of Islamic system where each participant must share the profit and the 98 risk of loss from a transaction, makes it more stable and equitable. The main finding, the proposed model is designed based on the literature review to conceptualize the relationship between stakeholder theory, intellectual capital and risk sharing. The contribution of this paper is to add value to the literature of intellectual capital and risk sharing.

Keywords: stakeholder theory, intellectual capital, risk sharing

Knowledge Management Decentralization as a Disruptive Innovation and General-Purpose-Technology Ulrich Schmitt Business School, University of Stellenbosch, Bellville, South Africa DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.060 Abstract: A Personal Knowledge Management (KM) concept and prototype- under-development aim at departing from the centralized institutional solutions and at strengthening individuals’ sovereignty and collaborations, not at the expense of Organizational KM Systems but rather as the means to foster a fruitful co-evolution. As a follow-up on integrating the novel concept’s complementing affordances with renowned knowledge creation models in form of a three- dimensional dynamic ‘public-transport-like’ map, this paper aims to further substantiate strengthening knowledge workers’ means for self-development and collaboration by appraising the potential impact of the envisaged system against objective criteria defining disruptive innovations and general-purpose technologies. As such, it contributes to the design science research practice of theory effectiveness which calls for purposeful design artefacts in terms of utility and communication to an audience. The results present a rationale where all criteria are affected and where the respective broad disruptive scope embraces all Personal KM System workflow phases with their distinct affordances.

Keywords: knowledge management (KM), knowledge worker, personal knowledge management (PKM), disruptive innovation, general-purpose- technology

99 Personal Knowledge Management and Knowledge Worker Productivity in the Healthcare Sector Muhammad Shujahat1, Shahid Razzaq2, Minhong Wang1 and Susanne Durst3 1KM&EL Lab, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 2The Department of Health, District Attock, Government of Punjab, Pakistan 3Business School, University of Skovde, Sweden DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.095

Abstract: The implementation of Knowledge management (KM) in healthcare has primarily been carried out on the organizational level with a traditional centric approach, whereas, personal knowledge management (PKM), a bottom-up approach which focuses on the knowledge in the knowledge workers’ (KWs’) minds, is somewhat missing. This study advocates the implementation of PKM as a complementary approach to a centric approach to KM, if not an alternative approach, in the healthcare sector to foster knowledge-worker productivity (KWP). Therefore, the prime purpose of this study was to empirically test a proposed model which accounts for the impact of the four individual-level determinants – task definition, job autonomy, KW’s lifelong learning and innovation as a job requirement - on the relationship between PKM and KWP. These four determinants are inspired by Drucker's KWP theory that advocated the role of PKM for enhanced KWP. The data were collected from 71 knowledge workers in the public healthcare department of the District Attock, Pakistan and were analysed using partial least squares modelling. The results support the varying roles of four individual-level determinants in fostering PKM, which in turn, increases KWP. The results make the case for additional focus of PKM as a complementary KM approach in the healthcare sector.

Keywords: personal knowledge management, knowledge worker productivity, Drucker’s knowledge worker productivity theory

100 Knowledge Management and Staff Turnover in the Hospitality Industry Susana Silva1, Cândida Silva2 and Dora Martins3 1School of Hospitality and Tourism, CEOS.PP and CITUR, Institute Polytechnic of Porto, Vila do Conde, Portugal 2School of Hospitality and Tourism, CITUR, Institute Polytechnic of Porto, Vila do Conde, Portugal and Algoritmi Research Center, University of Minho, Portugal 3CEOS.PP / ISCAP / P.PORTO and GOVCOPP, UA, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.053

Abstract: The hospitality industry is a business area characterized by high rates of turnover related to the seasonality and precariousness of the activity. Therefore, practitioners and researchers in hospitality have focused on the development of practices preventing employees leaving a job. Recent literature had discussed the importance of implementing knowledge management practices in order to retain talent in hospitality and, also, to share employees’ knowledge inside an organisation characterized by significant intangible assets. The main objective of the study is to explore how knowledge management is implemented in the hospitality industry. More specifically, we aim to characterize the talent retention practices, to comprehend how knowledge management is used to decrease the staff turnover in hospitality, and to understand the main challenges to knowledge management in this kind of business. In order to answer to our objectives a qualitative study was conducted. 10 hotel managers, of both genders, with a mean age of 46 years (SD=7.98) participated in the study. All the participants completed a demographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview was conducted in order to answer the research question “how knowledge management is used to decrease staff turnover in the hospitality industry?” The interviews were transcribed verbatim and data analysed according to thematic analysis procedures. The preliminary results showed that hotel managers value the knowledge retention inside the organisation. The implementation of practices of knowledge management is one of the main objectives in these organisations. Staff turnover is comprehended has one of the main problems in this business area and increases the loss of important knowledge acquired by employees. Thus, it can be concluded that knowledge management is a very important issue in the hospitality business; namely to increase employees’ knowledge retention. Additionally, it is crucial to implement more strategies in order to increase talent retention and decrease staff turnover rates. In this paper, we discuss the main

101 practical and theoretical implications, and offer some suggestions for further studies.

Keywords: hospitality industry, knowledge management, qualitative study, talent retention, staff turnover

Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: A Template for Primary School KM Education Philip William Sisson and Thomas Mazzuchi George Washington University, Washington, USA DOI: 10.34190/KM19.059

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to suggest how to begin to teach Knowledge Management (KM) fundamentals and skills starting in primary school. It connects competency objectives and KM skills instruction, identifies fundamental KM skills to teach, and suggests needed skills for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in terms of STEM organic functions. The methodology approach is analysis and synthesis of related topics to induce, deduce, and abduce commonality and new perspectives. This paper discusses how the Eight Ways to Learn, Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs), a taxonomy of educational competency objectives, and critical thinking contribute to seeing revised Bloom can be effectively used to teach basic KM. STEM functional needs are identified in developing STEM as an example. With a shift of perspective, the revised taxonomy’s separation of knowledge from the cognitive objectives provides a vehicle for a template for integrating educational competency objectives and traditional subjects. The US Government’s KSA résumé requirements show support for Bloom from a competency perspective. KM education already occurs indirectly in current primary school education. Competency objectives for STEM fit the revised Bloom model and provide an example for concurrent KM skills instruction. The analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and abduction approach excludes other potentially useful inputs. Extending the concepts in Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives supports the ideas of functional, educational competency objectives and blends with topic objectives such as STEM. The paper suggests practical ways to tie KM education to current primary school activities.

Keywords: Bloom’s Taxonomy, organic functions, educational competencies, KSA, KM education, STEM

102 The use of Export Trading Knowledge Lisa Soon1 Phoebe Chen2, Donald Kerr3 and Campbell Fraser4 1Central Queensland University, Townsville, Australia 2La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia 3University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia 4Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.228 Abstract: This research explores how people in Australian export trading use the related knowledge in their usual business practices, and how they access further export trading knowledge for use. The research adopts a qualitative case study research method and qualitative content analysis. The data collection techniques involved interviews and documentation. A theoretical framework that underpins this research is formed through activity theory, domain analysis theory and organisational knowledge creation theory. Export trading is a complex field that involves multiple key players or stakeholders. Semi-structured interviews were carried out after careful selection of interviewees, consisting of twenty senior officials from Australian Border Force, Department of Primary Industries - Fisheries, Australian Quarantine and Inspection Services, exporters (also known as exporting firms), freight forwarding organisations, a shipping company, an export logistics and training services organisation, and a professional export association. These organisations or government authorities are regarded as important key players and important stakeholders in export trading for the purpose of this research. The analysis results indicate that each of the different organisations needs different specific knowledge in relation to their immediate businesses. The interviewees stated that they needed to use knowledge about the important export trading stakeholders with whom their business is in regular contact. In export trading, they also need to gain ongoing new knowledge on how local and foreign requirements or regulations impact on their business, whenever they export goods to their customers overseas. It was found that while all organisations had their different organisational technological systems for their business operations, the senior officials still needed information and knowledge through other different means, such as human contacts, information seminar events, professional publications, trade newsletters, website resources, and other technological systems. Many of them regarded the direct contacts with appropriate relevant people to be most useful due to the trustworthiness and reliability of information from the key people or professionals who could share their useful tacit knowledge. It is discovered that using synthesised credible information regularly will lead to export trading knowledge renewal and new

103 knowledge creation in organisational staff that will improve future business outcomes.

Keywords: export trading knowledge, knowledge renewal, knowledge creation, qualitative case study, qualitative content analysis

Digital and Innovation Policies in the Health Sector Maria José Sousa1, Alvaro Rocha2 and Miguel Sousa3 1Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal 2University of Coimbra, Portugal 3University of Essex, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.093

Abstract: Technological innovation is a powerful game changer in the health sector, and it is transforming health organizations and services. They have contributed to increasing the quality of life of the patients and the efficiency of the systems, but more effective integration of such technologies into the health system is needed. However, the decision-making of the health organizations about technology acquisition is associated with the health outcomes and also to the efficiency of the systems. Health technologies help to optimize the decision- making process, but not always the most effective and efficient technologies are employed. This research examines how technologies are being integrated into healthcare systems, and the main research questions are RQ1 – What are the main trend for health technology? RQ2 – What are the main factors which facilitate technology adoption? RQ3 - How digital technology influences health policy? To answer these research questions, this article provides a literature review on the dynamics of health technology innovation and the mechanisms that affect health technology adoption and diffusion. Regarding empirical research, it will be used evidence from the health technology assessment (HTA). The main findings of this research are based on the analysis of the survey using descriptive statistics, focused on how health technologies are integrated into the health systems. Finally, it will be presented a range of policy tools to help health organisations decisions about technology adoption for improvements of the health outcomes. It set out possible areas for policy consideration that may help deal with technology adoption and diffusion in the health sector, including measures for improving the dialogue between all the health actors and the policy- makers.

Keywords: health, technology, digital, policy, innovation, policymakers, HTA

104 Construction of Inter-Organisational Partnerships in the Public Sector Trine Marie Stene SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.076

Abstract: Creation of inter-organisational partnership is one aspect of innovation in the public sector. This paper describes a three-year pilot project (USSiT) from 2015 – 2018 constituting three large Norwegian public organisations, and an evaluation of it. The main evaluation objective was to obtain knowledge of how the project had functioned as a basis for future development and pursuing of the partnership. The participating organisations are a university, a county authority and a local council. The main objective of USSiT was to develop a close collaboration between the three partners regarding teacher education at the university and selected practice schools. A selection of the evaluation results will be presented and related to relevant theory. Top and middle management and leadership are focused. Organisations constitute systems and people. This paper mainly focuses on the system and formal aspects in creating partnership including management, coordination between organisations and the relationship between structural and dynamic aspects. Collaboration between two or more large organisations may involve several organisational levels. The management hierarchy constitutes structural levels or layers as top managers, middle and lower managers, and employees. In addition, the initial phase implies creation of both inter-organisational structures and processes. The degree to which this will influence intra-organisational structures and processes, may vary from organisation to organisation and from project to project.

Keywords: inter-organisational partnership, public sector, innovation, project management, leadership, knowledge creation

Dynamic Knowledge Sharing Within Functional Uses of Substances, Products and Practices Lukas Stepanek, Suzanne Elayan and Martin Sykora Loughborough University, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.184 Abstract: This paper explores aspects of knowledge sharing; the creation and alteration of knowledge within the complex and turbulent systems of four major

105 functional uses as well as within their fused versions identified amid students of one mid-size British University, on both micro and macro levels. The uses that have been examined are Cognitive Enhancement, Physical Performance Enhancement, Physical Transformation and Health - Treatment and Prevention. This qualitative study applied combined methodological approaches of phenomenology and ethnography, adopting concepts of domestication and boundary-work as a main theoretical framework. Various qualitative data originating from physical and online environments (three social media platforms) were collected from 36 subjects. Drawing onto Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, this paper utilises its simplified version. This depicts links found at subjects within micro (family, friends, colleagues) and macro level (social media platforms) as well as amid these levels themselves, where an array of complex knowledge; posing a significant importance to specific functional (fused) uses; were shared, created and/or modified and further disseminated. In view of gathered data communicating a frequent occurrence of advertising products and practices for multiple purposes, manifesting at the macro level, the research proposes and adopts a novel 5th dimension of the domestication concept and four new instances of boundary-work. These represent substantial conceptual developments which together with presented empirical data exploring various links and interdependencies serve as a solid base to a future research that could investigate such relationships on larger - quantitative scale. Various combinations of the 5th dimension and novel instances of boundary-work were found in 69% of participants. This represents a significant involvement originating directly out of the macro level where variety of social media influencers operate, fuelling participants’ functional (fused) uses particularly by sharing of knowledge and promotion of related products and practices.

Keywords: ingestible substances, domestication, boundary-work, knowledge sharing, social media influencers, Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model

Innovation Capabilities in Banking: The Case of Norwegian Mobile Payment Fred Strønen1, Vilde Holtar Rønning2 and Karl Joachim Breunig1 1Oslo Business School, Oslo Metropolitan University – OsloMet, Norway 2Nordea Bank ASA, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.115 Abstract: The purpose of this empirical study is to identify why some firms have more innovation success than others when faced with disruptive changes caused by digitalization. The financial industry has already experienced the consequences 106 of digitalization. One of the drivers for digitalization within the financial industry have been new regulations, e.g. through EU directives changing the competitive environment by enabling new players will be able to run payment. We apply a dynamic capability perspective as analytical lens to identify how the players in the financial industry seek to become competitive by promoting their innovation capabilities. Data was collected through a qualitative research process involving nine different players related to the mobile payment market. Our sample consists of market participants, collaborators and analysts, as well as other industry observers. Secondary information was obtained through the press, reports and publicly sources. Combined the data sources enabled access to rich data informing the complex dynamics involved in digital transformation in the Norwegian financial sector in general and specifically related to the development of mobile payment platforms within this context. Our findings reveal how innovation capabilities consist of a number of practices and processes in the organization. This interpretation implies that companies can choose different strategic approaches to innovation, depending on the capabilities they hold, what resources they have and the industry challenges they face. Furthermore, it can be concluded that innovation capabilities require the organization to be agile, have learning culture and a certain willingness to take risk in order to be prepared for their digital transformation. The implication of our study is conceptualizing innovation capability as firm’s capacity to acquire sufficient information, transformed into relevant knowledge and assimilated into the organization in a dynamic process. Management orientations and attitudes related to innovation are thus central to the development of innovation capabilities.

Keywords: digital transformation, dynamic capabilities, financial sector, innovation capabilities, mobile payment

Threefold Nature of Competences in Enterprise Management: A Qualitative Model Maciej Szafrański Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering Management, Poznań, Poland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.035 Abstract: Different understanding of the concept of competences generates problems both in the theory and practice of enterprise functioning. It hinders communication in discussions related to their nature and, as a result, competence management in enterprises. Perhaps that is why competence management is not treated in companies at the same level of importance as, for example, marketing, 107 accounting or logistics. This is indicated, for instance, by small budgets earmarked for this activity, a fact that is known from numerous personal contacts with companies initiated in different projects. Is it the purpose of the article to answer the following question: is it possible to reconcile different views on competences, creating a coherent model of this phenomenon which will facilitate competence management in enterprises? The specification of the purpose has led to the adoption of the following scope of research which encompasses 1) a review of own research, including unpublished work which made it possible to notice the problem and justify next research steps, 2) preliminary desk research which should be deepened in the future, 3) coming up with a proposition of a model integrating different approaches to competences. The theoretical result is the proposed model in which various views on the subject of competences were linked. Competences in this model were presented in qualitative terms. In the practical operation of enterprises, the implementation of the developed model will help managers to organize knowledge related to competences and to understand how much they affect the effectiveness and efficiency of actions taken in each area of enterprise operation. The adoption of the proposed model may accelerate the development of competence theory and transfer at least part of the ongoing discussion in the area of knowledge management to a wider area of competence management.

Keywords: competence model, competence management, knowledge management, HRM

Knowledge Management in Academic Industry Collaborations: How to Best Foster Innovation Capability? Clare Thornley1, Shane McLoughlin2 and Kalpana Shankar3 1Innovation Value Institute, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland 2LERO (Irish Software Research Institute), National University of Ireland Maynooth, Ireland 3School of Information and Communication Studies, University College Dublin, Ireland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.058 Abstract: Purpose Academic industry collaborations (AIC) are increasingly seen as a key part of national innovation policies as an approach to creating and exploiting knowledge. They, however, present a complex challenge in terms of

108 knowledge management. This is partly due to the wide range of stakeholders, the input of government policy, and also the different cultures, practices and expectations of those involved. The research questions are as follows: RQ1: How do participants perceive and experience knowledge creation and transfer in academic industry collaborations? RQ2: How can the intersection between knowledge management literature and AIC inform and improve both disciplines and practices? Methods (1) An analysis of KM literature in terms of AIC. (2) Exploratory in-depth interviews with participant stakeholders of AIC projects. (3) Findings are then analysed in terms of existing concepts in KM literature. Findings Initial findings suggest that a more in-depth acknowledgement of the role of power, tensions and differences between stakeholders is important in understanding and improving the innovation potential of AIC projects. A more nuanced understanding of knowledge transfer is also needed with tailored approaches for particular project stages and organisations. Practical Implications The role of academic industry collaborations in fostering innovation by facilitating knowledge creation and transfer is seen as increasingly important as a social and political priority but KM has so far not yet engaged fully with this. This paper suggests that extending KM from a primarily organisation level focus to a broader societal focus would be a useful development.

Keywords: innovation, knowledge transfer, academic industry collaboration, science policy

Application of KM Techniques in the Assessment Competences in High-Tech Industries Elena Tkachenko1, Elena Rogova2, Sergey Bodrunov3 and Alexander Karlik1 1Saint Petersburg State University of Economics, Saint Petersburg, Russia 2Higher School of Economics in Saint Petersburg, Russia 3New Industrial Development Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.214

Abstract: The study explores the opportunities of implementation knowledge management tools in the development and assessment of employees in high tech industries in Russia. The main issues that authors explore are revealed on the base of the personnel audit in such sectors as nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, and nanopolymers. These issues include the choice of the technology that identifies what qualifications miss in the context of companies’ business processes; the analysis of the labor market (fluctuations of salaries, the concept of

109 job status, expectations towards employers, the link between demand and supply, the dynamics of the ratio of CVs and vacancies, the rating of employers’ requests); the determination of the employee market value; the setting for professional standards; the analysis of qualification assessment systems applied in the sector; the organization of independent qualifications assessment; the organization of a network expert community. The case study of Komsomolskaya Pravda Plant, one of the oldest Russian plastics processing companies, is implemented, and the development of the advanced training is proposed as the solution of key problems.

Keywords: knowledge management, competence development, competence model

Knowledge Management in Practice: Context, Interventions and Outcomes Eduardo Tomé Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.218

Abstract: In this paper we try to analyse the current and historical application of Knowledge Management in the Portuguese Economy, particularly since the democratic revolution of 1974. We base our analysis in theories about the impacts of knowledge in countries at a micro and a macro scale. We use a three levels model related to context (namely 1) Historical background; 2) basic economic and social data: 3) broad vocational education and training (VET) systems; 4) institutional actors; 5) political context), intervention (namely 1) basic legislative documents, 2) guidelines on eligibility, 3) programs, 4) evaluation procedures) and outcomes (namely 1) stocks, investment, and outcomes; 2) price, quantity, supply, demand, equilibria; 3) needs). We base ourselves in statistical published data and other published documents. We conclude that the context changed for the better, because after 1974 the country rulers installed a regime in which knowledge was not seen like a luxury but as a basic need (see 4.1); the change in context was also helped by the adhesion to the EU, which in turn led to massive interventions supported by funds like the ESF and the Regional fund(see 4.2); as a result outcomes are finally seen, as the increase in supply and demand of knowledge and also in the income and employability of the Portuguese attests (see 4.3). These findings are important but should be complemented by a more detailed analysis, with a larger group of researchers – at best this paper would generate a book, detailing the context, intervention and impact of KM in Portugal.

110 Keywords: Portugal, knowledge management, context, intervention, impacts, statistics

The Peace Process in Colombia: A Knowledge Management Approach Laura Torres Enk1, Vanessa Cano Mejía1, Diana Gómez Santamaría1 and Juan David Arias Suárez2 1Institución Universitaria de Envigado, Envigado, Colombia 2Institución Universitaria Politécnico Grancolombiano, Medellín, Colombia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.057 Abstract: This paper is the result of an interinstitutional study that aimed at characterising knowledge management (KM) as a significant and intangible strategy that strengthened the peace agreement (PA) between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People’s Army (FARC-EP) and the Colombian government, which became a contemporary milestone in the American continent. To this end, the research identifies and analyses different manifestations that took place during the process (2002-2016); understands KM and intellectual capital (IC) from a heterodox perspective; highlights the KM and IC impact on the organisational field of the public domain; recognises KM and IC as differential factors of the political, legal, economic, and media framework of the peace dialogues and agreements; and shows KM and IC as an innovative and substantial aspect of the development and success of the process. The focus is not placed on evaluating the hits and misses of the PA, but on identifying and discussing further the KM techniques and tools used, given the accumulation of content and knowledge generated. Using an analytical method and a dialectical methodology of contrasting multidisciplinary and multi-institutional arguments, the study proposes a differential hermeneutics and an exegesis of what is intangible in the process by identifying, describing, and analysing the information collected, the tools, the methods, and the KM strategies applied in the process. Thus, this work presents a summary of the sociohistorical context of the Colombian conflict, the chronology and rhetoric of the peace process, and the management of the oral, written, and audiovisual material produced, as well as the IC acquired by the different active actors that have been present in the different stages of this process. This paper also presents the KM tensions, challenges, and opportunities in the Colombian social unfolding to tackle an unknown environment with supranational interests that demand peace and an inevitable commitment to the new generations. Finally, the current impacts of this KM approach are emphasised, in search of the theoretical and practical bases that favour the establishment of structures and/or models to be replicated in other latitudes. 111 Keywords: knowledge management, peace process, Colombia, state, intellectual capital

Communities of Practice: Towards a Knowledge Management Application in Work Context Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay Université du Québec-Téluq, Montréal, Canada DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.001 Abstract: There is interest in various forms of knowledge management, including communities of practice. However, there are no confirmed results on the conditions for success, while organizations expect substantial gains from knowledge development. Communities of practice are seen as a source of knowledge management, and in the end of competitiveness and innovation. The interest arises from this objective of knowledge management and innovation, but it is a specific form of knowledge management, in principle more centred on the individuals and their exchanges than on “management” by the firm, although the firm has a role to play in fostering such initiatives. Thus, the use of communities of practice has emerged as a way to develop collective skills and organizational knowledge, in order to foster innovation and success for organizations. The main contribution of this paper is that it identifies the conditions for success of communities of practice as a mode of knowledge management and knowledge sharing, as these conditions have not been confirmed in previous work. The paper first defines this form of knowledge sharing through communities of practice. It then presents some of the results concerning success, specifically satisfaction and attainment of objectives, as success is defined in this way. This is done on the basis of various case studies of communities of practice which were studied over a period of one year. The empirical results are based on a questionnaire survey administered to the participants of these communities of practice, but also on qualitative interviews and regular work and exchanges with some of the animators/managers and participants in these communities of practice. Some interesting differences are observed according to age and gender, as well as some challenges that were observed in the knowledge-sharing process, and which are often underestimated. The paper identifies some conditions which explain success, defined as attainment of objectives, and these are: commitment and motivation of participants for the attainment of objectives, as well as the presence of a leader, animator or steward. These preconditions for success confirm and extend what is documented in the literature, especially in the seminal work of Wenger and Lave (1991).

112 Keywords: communities of practice, knowledge, knowledge sharing, knowledge management

Big-Data, Knowledge Capturing and Service Improvement Related to Inbound Tourism Jiro Usugami and Robert Walker Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.067 Abstract: This study focuses on inbound tourism in Japan and examines the importance of Big-Data analysis, the role of knowledge capturing, and the link between Big-Data analysis and actual service implementation. The same survey was set out to in 2017 and 2019. This paper compares similarities and differences between findings of the two surveys. The purposes of study in both 2019 and 2017 are the same: (1) to identify the level of priority of using Big-Data related to inbound tourism, (2) to clarify the external environmental factors influencing Big- Data utilization, (3) to examine current and future importance of knowledge capturing using Big-Data, and (4) to investigate links between Big-Data analysis and actual service implementation. Both 2019 and 2017 surveys were addressed to tourism service sections of local governments and hospitality companies in Japan. We obtained broadly similar results with regard to the four research questions related to the purposes of study. The survey results revealed that Big- data utilization remained a high or very high priority for service projects in tourism. The results show that the top three external environmental factors influencing Big-data utilization are an increase in the number of inbound tourists, improvement of IT infrastructure, and preparation for the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in 2020. Current awareness of the importance of knowledge capturing remains high. In both surveys, the link between Big-data analysis and actual service implementation is weak. Actual service improvement cases have occurred only in limited service categories of language, IT and transportation. The key difference in 2019 survey results was the direction of future awareness. In 2017 future expectation was very high, but in 2019 future expectation of Big-Data decreased sharply.

Keywords: big-data, knowledge capturing, inbound tourism, service improvement

113 Intellectually-Oriented Consulting for Financial Function in the era of Technology and Digitalization Оlga Аleksandrovna Valebnikova, Natalia Viktorovna Valebnikova and Olga Vladimirovna Kalinina Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.201

Abstract: The study examines the changes occurring in the financial profession in the era of technology and digitalisation. Professionals in finance must have not only technical skills, but also multiple other skills and competencies to have a competitive advantage in a changing business environment. The role of intellectually-oriented consulting as an impact driver of human capital has been determined to affect the progressive business processes of the organization in the digital age. Intellectually-oriented consulting is aimed at improving the human capital management system of specialists from various departments of the organisation as well as the financial professionals. Intellectually-oriented consulting is a unique tool that can be used to identify and solve problems, release the potential of the organization and its employees, increase human capital, and qualitatively improve the organization’s activities. In the digital era, the emphasis on corporate governance and risk management is increasing. New requirements for financial professionals are emerging. Financial professionals must be competent in applying and managing new technologies, be aware of the cyber security and be experienced business analysts. This is especially important in the future to better identify, manage and minimise risks in business. Corporate governance and risk management is becoming more difficult from a technical, practical and ethical point of view. Therefore, the functions and competencies of the financial specialist should focus on the observance of procedures that are becoming more holistic and formalised than before. A financial specialist, in addition to technical and analytical skills, will need: digital skills; developed emotional intelligence; interpersonal competencies; and vision. The ethical factor will prevail over these competencies and occupy an important place in the financial profession. The results of this study can be used in addressing organizational changes aimed at improving corporate governance and risk management, developing new skills and competencies of financial specialists. Future research may be aimed at analysing barriers and obstacles that prevent change in the financial profession in the foreseeable future.

Keywords: human capital, intellectually-oriented consulting, financial function, digitalisation, emotional intelligence

114 Management of Knowledge Generation Risk: Empirical Research of the Industrial Enterprises Maxim Vlasov1, 2 and Svetlana Panikarova1, 2 1Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia 2Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.068 Abstract: The research aims is to develop the theory and practice of managing risks in the process of generating new knowledge and identify patterns of knowledge generation risks spread depending on cost structure for different types of knowledge. Firstly, authors formed the stratified random sampling by way of stratification of the parent population. The list of companies whose innovative programs were chosen for further analysis consisted of 102 enterprises, from six industries The second stage, to identify the pattern of increase knowledge process and formulating recommendations in the field of knowledge risk management the six focus group interviews with 108 executives as carried out. The third stage included structured interviews with 24 representatives of leading organizations in the field of the innovative process. Empirical results show that in terms of knowledge generation importance of internal risks is much higher than that of external ones, weight coefficient of internal risks 63,8% and external - 36,2%. There is an interrelation between the risk of knowledge generation and the structure of costs for different types of knowledge. The larger the costs for research are, the less the risk of functional knowledge generation is and the higher the risk of generating operational knowledge is. Following the study, there is an awareness of the importance of differentiation of new knowledge and innovations during the developing of competitive strategy of the enterprise and costs planning on R&D. When the managers know the potential risks of knowledge generation, they could avoid or neutralize the unfavorable consequences. Analysis of academic publications lead the authors to the conclusion that despite the existence of individual research into knowledge generation and increase the strategy formation process. There is no research devoted to identifying interdependence between risk level and cost structure of different knowledge.

Keywords: knowledge generation, risk, knowledge risk management

115 The Emergence – and Collapse – of Results From Knowledge Management Initiatives: A Case Study From Norway Tone Vold and Hanne Haave The Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.149

Abstract: Training and turnover represent two major costs in an organization. A few years ago, the director of education of a company in Norway introduced different ways of reducing the training period and the turnover. By utilizing what he had learned in the knowledge management courses, he managed to dramatically reduce the training period, and also the turnover was reduced. Utilizing principles like Communities of Practice (CoP) (from Lave&Wenger) and using techniques from Liberating Structures (see: Liberatingstructures.com) the co-workers developed and implemented a form of apprenticeship. Using CoP’s allowed the co-workers to cooperate on how the learning and training should be done, and the Liberating structures were tools to get people talking. When implemented this reduced the training period significantly. Also the turnover rate dropped. However, they discovered another problem; some of the mentors had outdated knowledge and thus trained the students to some extent to work based on outdated information. When the director of education were engaged in other tasks and did not closely follow up the process further, the mentorship and communities faded and now only occur occasionally. How is this possible? How can a “perfect” system fail? How can these initiatives that were so successful just fade away? Changes in organizations need to be founded properly in the organization in order to be sustainable. Changes introduced by individuals need thus to be implemented in such a way that it is not relaying on the individuals, but is adopted as a part of the strategy and execution of strategy in the organization. This paper present possible explanations as to how the change did not sustain, and also present suggestions towards how this can be set up to be more sustainable. We will present views from employees and managers. This data are collected through interviews.

Keywords: knowledge management, organizational change, mentorship

116 How to Develop and Implement a Bottom up KM Initiative in all Levels of a Department in an Organization Tone Vold1 and Hanne Haave2 1NTNU, Norway 2INN, Norway DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.150

Abstract: Shortening the time for training new employees is desired, as this will mean reduced cost for the organization. The faster a new employee is a “full member” of the staff, the more income can be generated for the company. We have followed a pilot apprentice program where able to see what worked and what did not. The organization has struggled with high turnover and long training time. They introduced an apprenticeship based training, but due to circumstances within the organization, the training program “crumbled”. For a while the mentors had increasingly different ways of training the apprentices. In this paper we suggest how one can develop and implement a training regime that will work over time. This will contribute towards knowledge management initiatives in the organization as it will help knowledge sharing not only between mentor and apprentice, but also between the mentors and the rest of the organization.

Keywords: knowledge management, development, sustainable apprenticeship, organizational learning, organizational change

Application of TOPSIS Method for Evaluation of IT Application in the Hospital Janusz Wielki1, Magdalena Jurczyk-Bunkowska1 and Dariusz Madera2 1Opole University of Technology, Poland 2University Clinical Hospital in Opole, Poland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.134

Abstract: The article covers the issue of evaluation of IT application in a hospital. Various IT solutions support the process of carrying out virtually all hospital processes, including medical, logistics and management. They are all linked together, forming a Hospital Information System (HIS). Making decisions concerning its improvement and expansion requires an evaluation of its elements,

117 as well as an assessment of the extent to which they satisfy user requirements, supporting the processes carried out. This type of evaluation can be carried out by commissioning an external audit. However, the nature of a hospital supports using the knowledge of HIS users, which needs to be acquired and processed. The objective of the article is to present the way user knowledge is processed in a synthetic assessment of the impact of IT applications on the quality and effectiveness of processes they support. Aggregation of knowledge obtained from questionnaire responses was carried out using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), which is one of the most widely used techniques of multi-criteria decision-making. This technique is based on the assumption that the selected alternative should have the least distance to the positive ideal and the most distance to the negative ideal. However, for the purposes of this article TOPSIS was used in less typical way. The suggested approach to the evaluation of HIS elements is shown in detail on the basis of an IT application supporting administrative processes in a hospital. Knowledge about its functioning was collected from its users on the basis of a questionnaire, which encompassed 45 questions in total, covering 12 evaluation criteria. The responses were aggregated using TOPSIS for two indicators: impact of IT applications on the quality (1) and effectiveness (2) of the process. The resulting numerical value represents the distance between the evaluated application and the hypothetical best and worst solution. Placing the values of the evaluation indicators in the suggested matrix identifies HIS elements which require urgent changes. The method of processing user knowledge presented in the article was developed in connection with the need to develop the HIS at University Clinical Hospital in Opole (UCHiO). This method is, however, labour-intensive and therefore intended to large and complex organisations using many IT applications.

Keywords: IT applications, HIS (hospital information system), multi-criteria evaluation, synthesis of value measures, TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution), strategy of software development

118 IT Application Evaluation at the University Clinical Hospital in Opole: Criteria Selection and Classification Janusz Wielki1, Magdalena Jurczyk-Bunkowska1 and Dariusz Madera2 1Opole University of Technology, Poland 2University Clinical Hospital in Opole, Poland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.136

Abstract: The article concerns the evaluation of the software comprising the hospital information system (HIS) in the University Clinical Hospital in Opole. It proposes an approach based on the evaluation of the impact of a given software on the supported process, as well as presents the method of selecting and determining the significance of the criteria. In order to achieve these goals, the knowledge and expertise of hospital employees, who use the software in their everyday tasks, was used. These are people involved in medical and administrative side of the hospital’s operation, with different medical and technical competencies. Therefore, for each of the criteria, questions were formulated to enable them to address technical issues using the commonly understood Likert scale. Tapping into knowledge of hospital staff enabled the authors to take the organisational perspective into account in the evaluation of the HIS. Thus, the presented article is not an evaluation of IT solutions, but an evaluation of the usefulness of a product, such as an IT application, for the organisation. This evaluation leads to decisions regarding the planning of the development of HIS. The study presented in the article was carried out at the University Clinical Hospital in Opole, which is why the detailed results pertain to this organisation. However, an evaluation approach based on the knowledge of employees is universal, as it enables evaluation of the actual adaptation of the software in question to the needs of the users, their skills and the specificity of the hospital's work, rather than the level and advancement of the software. Another important aspect is a proposition of dividing the set of evaluation criteria into two categories. The first one includes criteria for assessing the impact of software on the quality of the associated process. The second concerns the criteria that are important for assessing the impact of software on process efficiency. This enables making decisions regarding the planning of the development of HIS, taking different priorities into account. For example, for software related to medical processes, process quality is more important than efficiency, which in the case of administrative processes loses its importance in favour of efficiency.

119 Keywords: IT applications, HIS (hospital information system), evaluation, criteria, knowledge acquisition

Establishing a Framework for Knowledge Management in a Higher Education Institution Ali Zahrawi Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.175

Abstract: In today’s business, Knowledge Management (KM) becomes an important tool that helps organizations to be aware of what they know in order to effectively make use of it. Higher education institutions (HEI) are deemed to gain significant opportunities by adopting KM. However, an extensive literature review was conducted revealed that HEI are yet to fully realize KM benefits. In-depth interviews with HEI stakeholders were held in order to investigate the current issues and needs related to KM. As a result, this paper presents a socio-technical framework to support KM adoption and implementation in HEI. The proposed framework contains set of components classified into core and value-added. The core components refer to leadership, infrastructure, technological, and cultural aspects, through which KM practice could be instilled. The value-added components refer to components that have the role of ensuring rightfulness investment in KM, taking into consideration KM application in terms of system content, design, structure, and quality of service. These components would aid HEI avoid current issues caused by improper and poor KM practice. Further, value-added components would help monitoring and controlling the usage of KM system. This includes verification of content classification, context, and reliability, in addition to recognition of user performance. The framework is evaluated using expert review technique. Panel of experts were asked to evaluate the proposed framework against different aspects such as its structure, components, applicability. The evaluation result indicated a common satisfaction about the framework in terms of comprehensiveness, efficacy, ability to implement, adaptability to organization environment, user involvement, and coping with current trends. This framework will assist HEI top management to better utilize their resources to improve decision making process.

Keywords: knowledge management, KM system, KM framework, higher education

120 Using a Blog and Text Mining to Evaluate Knowledge Construction Antonio Carlos Zambon, Plínio Roberto Souza Vilela, Gisele Busichia Baioco and Fabrício Talarico University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil DOI:/10.34190/KM19.212

Abstract: The goal of this work was to develop the means to use a blog as a tool for students collaboration in active learning disciplines. In order to solve operational issues of managing the volume of assignments to grade and text quality monitoring, problems that blogs usually present, an educational data mining tool, based on natural language processing, has been developed. This is the result of a research developed since 2017 at UNICAMP-Brazil, which made possible to collect sufficient information for the development of a system and preliminary evaluation of the results. The first results obtained were of a noticeable improvement in the information processing capacity, which reduced the delays of sending feedback to students. In addition, it was possible to identify the reduction of students failing the discipline and being absent in the classroom.

Keywords: active methodologies, collaborative learning, blog, natural language processing

Knowledge Sharing, Absorptive Capacity and Innovation in the Brazilian Apple Production Chain Gabriela Zanandrea¹, Cristiane Froehlich¹, Claudia Cristina Bitencourt¹ and Maria Emilia Camargo² ¹Postgraduate Program in Administration at Unisinos University, Porto Alegre, Brazil ²Postgraduate Program in Administration at University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.097 Abstract: An innovative and highly technological spirit characterizes the Brazilian agribusiness sector. This sector is important not only for generating wealth but also for being responsible for the movement of other economy's sectors. In this context, knowledge sharing has been treated as an antecedent of innovation, but not always considering the role of absorptive capacity. In the agribusiness context, this relationship is still less explored. Thus, in this paper, we propose a 121 structural equations model to analyze the relationship between knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity and its influence on innovation in the Brazilian apple production chain. To validate the model and the proposed hypotheses, we use a quantitative-descriptive methodology, empirically investigated based on a survey. We apply a questionnaire with 166 actors from the apple value chain, from the production and packing-houses segments of Southern Brazil. The results obtained provided strong support for hypothesized relationships, which demonstrated that the sharing of knowledge significantly influences innovation in the Brazilian apple production chain. However, must be integrated with the absorptive capacity to maximize its effects.

Keywords: innovation, knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity, agribusiness

Finding and Filling Lacunas in Knowledge Systems Igor Zatsman Institute of Informatics Problems of the FRC CSC RAS, Moscow, Russia DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.073 Abstract: The paper focuses on the challenge of developing a model that describes finding and filling lacunas in linguistic knowledge systems, and information technology that provides these processes. Our study arose from a need to find and fill lacunas in knowledge systems supporting machine translation. For applying the model, the selection of a reliable authority that reflects the state-of-the-art level of knowledge about linguistic units in question is necessary. It is assumed that linguists elaborate a state-of-the-art knowledge system using a cross-language typology. To elaborate the knowledge system, linguists annotate bilingual parallel texts with sentences containing linguistic units and their translations. The task of linguists is to discover the exemplary translations of linguistic units being studied. Sometimes in parallel texts, there are sentences and their translations, the annotation of which cannot be finished due to the incompleteness of the state-of-the-art knowledge system, that is, in the process of annotation, linguists can find lacunas in the system. The objective of the paper is to describe an approach to finding and filling lacunas during the annotation of bilingual parallel texts containing linguistic units in question. Here, we suggest a model and information technology that facilitate the elaboration of a knowledge system. With the help of suggested information technology, linguists can find and fill lacunas in knowledge systems supporting machine translation. To show the feasibility of the suggested approach, our team has designed the knowledge base for collecting and storing information on German-Russian translations of modal constructions. The knowledge base contains the German-

122 Russian translations of books totaling about 2.5 million words and is now being populated with annotations of exemplary translations. The subject of the annotation is the translations of modal constructions. The main aim of linguists is to fill lacunas found during the annotation process.

Keywords: lacuna, knowledge system, cross-language typology, information technology, bilingual parallel text, linguistic unit

Knowledge Exchange Between KIBS Firms and Their Clients: Case Study Analysis Malgorzata Zieba1, 3, Ettore Bolisani2, 3, and Enrico Scarso2, 3 1Division of Management - Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland 2Department of Management and Engineering - University of Padua, Vicenza, Italy 3International Association for Knowledge Management (IAKM) DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.122 Abstract: Purpose: This paper aims to analyse knowledge exchange between KIBS firms and their clients, and their potential determinants (e.g. client’s education, type of the service offered, channel of the knowledge exchange, and willingness of the customer to accept the knowledge). The paper is based on a literature analysis and a case study research, examining 5 KIBS firms located in the Pomeranian region in Poland. Methodology: On the basis of a literature analysis on KM and KIBS companies, the following research question was formulated: What are the determinants of a knowledge exchange between a KIBS firm and its client? To answer this question, five case studies from KIBS companies of various sizes and offering various services have been examined. Findings: The results of the study show that there are different determinants of knowledge exchange between a KIBS firm and its customer. First of all, the type of service delivered is one of these factors. For example, if a KIBS firm delivers a standard solution, not tailored to the needs of the customer, there is no need for an intensive knowledge exchange. Conversely, if the KIBS service is adjusted for fitting the needs of a customer and is customized, then an intensive knowledge exchange takes place. Second, the openness of the customer is the next determinant. If the customer wants to learn and absorb knowledge, the knowledge exchange process is easier. Third, the channel of knowledge exchange is also determinant. If there are good conditions for free flows of ideas and discussions, knowledge exchange is more abundant. Another determinant appeared to be the education background of the customer. Research limitations: Research results are limited to 123 five companies only, all located in Poland. As such, they cannot illustrate the whole picture of existing small companies, nor they cover the companies of other countries. Practical implications: The findings of both literature review and case study analysis indicate that there are several factors that KIBS firms should focus on, if they want to improve knowledge exchanges with their customers. Originality/value: The paper contributes to a better understanding of knowledge exchange processes occurring in a trade relationship between KIBS firms and their customers. It shows why and when this kind of exchange is crucial and what factors can influence it.

Keywords: knowledge management (KM), KIBS firms, knowledge exchange

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PhD Research Papers

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126 Modelling the Interactive Influence of Intellectual Capital Indicators Henry Anderson Junior and Jan Stejskal University of Pardubice, Czech Republic DOI:10.34190/KM.19.203

Abstract: Knowledge generation, in contemporary times, has dictated the economic strength and national and regional competitive advantage. The advent of the open innovation model has driven firms to collaborate and engage in external interactions to incite their innovation spark to become even more competitive globally and nationally. There have been a wealth of success in creating intellectual capital in the European Union. In line with that, subsequent funding have been provided for small and medium sized firms (SMEs) with the view of assisting them to individually or cooperatively generate intellectual capital. However, even as human resources, cooperation and other environmental factors have been acclaimed to influence regional intellectual capital capacity, we question whether these factors offer an interactively significant influence on themselves in creating intellectual capital. This will enable identification of catalytic indicators to expertly position regional activities that generate regional competitive advantage. Using the Structural equation modelling (SEM) and data from European Innovation Survey (2018), research aims to test the interactive influence of the selected indicators of intellectual capital and their significance in generation intellectual capital represented by patents, trademarks and design applications. The results revealed that whilst research system attractiveness and firm-to-firm or academia linkages were very significant in generating intellectual capital, human capital were not significant in generating intellectual capital contrary to mass of literature. Attractiveness of research systems were strongly significant in affecting the human resource structure and innovation friendliness of member states and generation of intellectual capital. Private, public and venture capital were found to have been strongly influenced by labour structure and friendliness of a geography whilst it also strongly affected the cooperation tendencies of firms and academia. Policies that aligned regional strengths to these findings were further recommended.

Keywords: intellectual capital, human capital, public and private funds, cooperation, innovation

127 Science-With-Business: Improving Innovation and Competitiveness in SMEs Tânia Carraquico and Florinda Matos ISCTE-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.272

Abstract: In a fast-changing global market both universities and industry are being pressured to stay competitive and to foster innovation, technology change and to answer to economic and societal challenges. In this knowledge economy scenario, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have an important role once they represent 99% of all businesses in the European Union (EU) and are the main source of innovation. However, this SMEs have less capabilities to stay competitive in a sustainable way and have less access to talent and innovation in a systematic way. University-industry collaborations can contribute to improve SMEs competitiveness and innovation, through knowledge transfer and knowledge co-creation, increasing future jobs, contributing to the sustainability, stimulating economic growth and increasing living standards. The potential of value creation of university-industry collaboration has led researchers all over the world to study these forms of partnerships, especially in the last years. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the university-industry collaboration phenomena and to provide an iteration model that can be applied to Portuguese SMEs in order to allow these businesses to maintain and/or increase their cooperation with higher education institutions and to enhance their absorptive capabilities. The methodology used will be a qualitative research design with a multiple methods approach, namely semi-structured interviews, in- depth interviews, a survey and several case studies. In terms of originality, this research contributes to enhance the discussion around the difficulty off collaboration university-industry and to demonstrate the value and relevance of knowledge-based capital for SMEs’ innovation and competitiveness. The limitations of this research are related to the fact that this is still on an early stage and although the contemporaneity of the topic, the knowledge has not yet been consolidated and the theory is still not consensual.

Keywords: university-industry collaboration, knowledge transfer, knowledge co- creation, strategic alliances, SMEs

128 Inclusiveness in Healthcare: Knowledge Ecosystems Innovation in Oncology and Chronic Disease Marisol Hurtado Illanes Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.270

Abstract: A chronic disease represents major changes in patients’ life, unknown scenarios, and high-stress situations. New limitations also create risks of social exclusion, fragility, dependence and sometimes claudication. This practical innovation contributes to promoting well-being and innovation for all. The aim is the patient´s self-care, well-being and quality of life through a strategic knowledge management methodology with virtual community support. Knowledge management is a holistic approach to business strategy. The proposal is to apply this approach to patient’s self-care, focusing on the change of life habits and the management of healthy actions instead of healing; from a comprehensive approach to physical, social and emotional health. A personal strategic benchmarking system framework and a virtual community accelerate patient adaptation and learning about the disease. The patient continues to participate virtually in the society and is enriched with this relationship, knowledge sharing, and dynamics, as well as with the tacit knowledge of other patients. A coach develops the community as a knowledge mini-ecosystem and it is the key link between the patient’s self-care and community expert knowledge. This self-organized virtual community collaborates with different resources, including crowdfunding actions. It is developed without institutional promotion. The methodology is based on science design and qualitative research with cases of study on patients in Bolivia and Spain. The key to innovation is social networks and human capital. The framework simplicity makes it easily scalable for quality of life-improving in patients including underdeveloped countries. A virtual community offers a sense of membership, friendship, and inclusiveness for patients. This sustainable framework contributes to patients’ well-being, quality of life, happiness, and health condition acceptance, understanding, normalizing life with the independence of chronic diseases by making lifestyle changes easier during all disease stages. It is a microlevel propose but with macrolevel impact in society. It also impacts in healthcare problem solving, sustainable growth and innovation for all in chronic patients with exclusion risk.

Keywords: healthcare, self-care, knowledge ecosystems, sustainability, inclusiveness

129 Simulation in the Area of Anesthesia for Training of Health Professionals Stéphanie Monteiro and João Sanches Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.226

Abstract: Medical simulation is a technique used to replace or amplify the patient's actual experiences with guided experiments. Several types of simulators are used to train and evaluate different levels of specialists. These include phantoms, human cadavers or animal models, computer-based simulation or virtual simulation using standardized patients. In order to decrease training in experimental biological models as pieces of animal bodies, those techniques have been adapted to phantoms. This method makes the simulators as close as possible to reality, transferring the health professional to a virtual environment. The main objective of this technique is the acquisition of skills in different environments than hospitals and the handling of necessary materials, without the need to test it in real patients. Adequate training enables quick responses, skill development, and improved technique/ dexterity with the material, thereby reducing the risk of injury to the patient, decreased anxiety and improved relaxation throughout the procedure. In the brachial plexus blocking technique, the patient is awake and conscious, a hesitant health professional will lead the patient to increase the nervousness that can lead to sudden movements that translate into possible injuries. Phantoms are endowed with material that makes the touch as similar as possible to the human body, as well as electronic or mechanical components that give it biological reactions, transferring the health professional to an environment as real as possible. The use of training techniques for health professionals allows better acquisition of equipment handling skills, better adaptation when transferred from an academic environment to a professional environment, and more effective stress management. The practice of anesthesia requires a high level of vigilance and the ability to deal efficiently and quickly with potentially fatal situations that may arise during anesthesia. Some complications associated to anesthesia are so rare that the most anesthesiologists will find them only occasionally during their career. This document may help those professionals to know a bit more about the importance of this topic in the area.

Keywords: simulation, anesthesia, brachial plexus, simulator, training, health professional

130 Improving Efficiency in Organizations by Monitoring Stress and Promoting Awareness and Wellbeing at the Workplace Tiago Nascimento and Gabriel Pestana Universidade Europeia, Lisboa, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.165

Abstract: Stress in the workplace has been associated with an increase in absenteeism as well as an impact on productivity and co-worker’s wellbeing in the workplace. The paper addresses such concerns by considering an approach that can act preventively by implementing a framework for early detection of stressing symptoms. The aim is to provide the organisation with a situational-awareness tool to keep the decision-maker well informed about any suspicious situation requiring the user attention, providing insights based on the co-worker wellness and specific needs, prompting in this way a healthy policy environment at the workplace. The research challenge addresses observing co-workers based on parameters associated with health indicators and understands how their physical and mental behaviour at the workplace can be affected by stress levels. The paper presents an ongoing research work for early recognition of the identified risk factors, and to engage the workers in becoming proactive in their workplace. The primary goal of this model is to monitor the risk factors with impact on managing stress at the workplace. From a management viewpoint, the proposed model addresses the general theory of systems, as each variable in a system interacts with other variables so completely that cause and effect cannot be separated, as the workplace and the collaborators are linked together in order to maintain an equilibrium as is the best efficiency and efficacy at organizations. We expect to develop an integrated, systematic and dynamic model to support decision-makers (e.g., health supervisor) with the embedded knowledge required to choose the best possible intervention for the maximum benefit of the client (i.e., co-worker). The Boyd Cycle complements the decision-making process in order for health professionals to make more informed decisions in useful time. The Boyd Cycle assumes the existence of constant feedback and reorientation based on existing information and intuition, promoting the management of the workers and environment information, leading to adjustments in the workplace in real-time. The research will adopt the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) approach, where each informational artefact is generated to address the challenges identified for the target group. The study object for the proposed model is the health sciences with a focus on the nursing discipline and will be validated using interviews, panels of experts and later with the use of simulations.

131 Keywords: stress and wellbeing determinants, preventive actions, absenteeism, situational-awareness, Boyd cycle

Tensions in University-Industry Relationships: Dynamics for Knowledge Transfer Nkechinyem Omeife and Conor Horan Technological University Dublin, Ireland DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.139 Abstract: This paper describes the tensions within the university and industry relationship. Tensions arise due to the distinct types of knowledge, diverse interests and agendas held by different parties within this unique relationship. Many of these tensions are captured in established debates such as the relative importance of rigour or relevance in research; theory versus practice; nature of knowledge versus knowledge application; exploitation versus exploration; questions around the benefits of supporting pure or applied research; and/or the expectations surrounding the activities of academics to support industry i.e. the academic-practitioner relationship. As a result, the dual demands are challenging to meet which creates a gap between the two. These tensions have been mostly presented and discussed as dualisms, often resulting in contradictions and paradoxes that need to be resolved. We argue that these tensions are indeed complementary or can be expressed as dualities. As such, contradictions and paradoxes should be accepted and analysed as being inherent in university- industry relationship. Thus, we address the seminal questions on how to bridge the theory-practice divide and produce knowledge in society. By moving away from dualism and employing duality we discuss the nuances inherent in academic- practitioner engagement. The paper integrates relevant literature to propose a framework for understanding the tensions in the gap. It explores the strain inherent in engaging diverse views rather than ways to eliminate the gap. Thus, it employs arbitrage by espousing duality whilst using multi-method approach to examine the academic-practitioner engagement. Our contribution to knowledge management is that the dynamics inherent in contradictions and paradoxes aid rather than hinder knowledge transfer. This paper concludes by arguing that strategies for literal knowledge transfer as means to bridge the theory-practice divide are failed strategies. The strategies should be replaced with approaches around collaboration through arbitrage – espousing duality without diminishing the place or importance of dualism.

Keywords: tensions, dualisms, contradictions, dualities, paradoxes, arbitrage

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Masters Research Papers

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134 An Investigation of the Relationship Between Organizational Structure, tie Strength and Tacit Knowledge Sharing Hoda Awada Previous MSc Student at University College London, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.037

Abstract: Previous research firmly established the relation between tie strength and type of knowledge shared in a project or organization. However, the investigation into the effect organizational structure has on both tie strength and knowledge sharing is understudied. This paper investigates the impact of organizational structure on the formation of relationships and tacit knowledge sharing, through understanding networks and the role of tie strength. With the use of a single case study, I collected data and analysed results based on interviews and questionnaires with actors in an advertising and communication firm in Beirut, Lebanon. The latter occurred by studying the organization’s network across boundaries, through examining interpersonal relationships spanning both intra-organizational and inter-organizational networks. Findings proved a relation between tie strength and knowledge sharing, and further signified the importance knowledge transfer has on organizational effectiveness with emphasis on knowledge management. Additionally, contributions were made regarding network definitions and the importance of considering organizational structure in the analysis of a firm as it can impact the strength of a tie.

Keywords: organizational structure, tie strength, knowledge sharing, networks, organizational performance

135 Performance Evaluation Factors for Better Organizational Performance: Case Study in the Health Sector Vanessa Graça, Jorge Simões and Ruben Loureiro Instituto Politécnico de Tomar, Portugal DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.087 Abstract: Performance evaluation in organizations is currently considered, in the new competitive era, as a strategic management tool for any organization, public or private. It is necessary to ensure the survival of organizations in the medium and long term, for this it is essential to focus on the strategic objectives to be fulfilled, guaranteeing organizational sustainability. For this reason, performance evaluation should be one of the main organizational focuses. The health sector is the largest consumer of public resources, and it is important to emphasize the need to implement results-oriented performance management and user satisfaction models in health care units, influencing and integrating professionals in the organizational objectives, supporting decision-making and promoting results. It allows to develop the management processes since it presents real information of the current performance of the health sector and is oriented towards the current and future objectives of the organizations. Methodologically, the research is based on a bibliographical review and seeks to find grounds that theoretically justify performance evaluation in healthcare institutions Despite the above, it is not known the state of implementation of the systems of evaluation of the performance of hospitals in Portugal, nor is it known the perception of hospital health professionals regarding its importance. Based on these assumptions, and with the aim of contributing to the improvement of the performance of health organizations, this research aims to contribute to the development of this theme, seeking to: identify the performance evaluation indicators being used, measure the degree of effectiveness of the performance evaluation and to recognize the perception of the health professionals regarding the importance of the same, using as a case study a Hospital Center of Continental Portugal. The objective of this investigation will be the presentation of the conceptual model of the same, justifying the presentation of the independent and dependent variables of the presented study.

Keywords: performance evaluation models, management, health, information system

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Work in Progress Paper

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138 Knowledge Management in Smart City Development: A Systematic Review John Israilidis, Kayode Odusanya and Muhammad Mazhar Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, UK DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.050 Abstract: The notion of ‘smart cities’ has gained the attention of policymakers, urban developers and government authorities around the world and is emerging as a major response to urbanization, economic regeneration and other environmental challenges faced by cities globally. Smart cities depend not only on a city's endowment of hard infrastructure (physical capital), but also and increasingly so, on the availability and quality of knowledge communication and social infrastructure (human and social capital). This emerging role of cities as information hubs and knowledge repositories is particularly decisive for urban competitiveness. Arguably, many smart city projects die after the pilot stage and the lessons learned from previous projects never scale up to inform subsequent implementations. This is a major impediment in the future development of smart cities, particularly around facilitating successful technological and procedural replication. In line with recent calls for a cautious rethink of the very rationale and relevance of the smart cities debate pointing to new avenues of research into interdisciplinary aspects, this paper reviews the extant smart city literature in an attempt to identify current theoretical streams and provide further insight into the role of Knowledge Management in smart city development. It also explores how cities can realise the full benefits of tacit knowledge, learning and collaboration. A review of forty-eight peer-reviewed articles is conducted. The findings suggest the lack of Knowledge Management models for smart city replication and reveal how socio-technical approaches can help to support collaboration and knowledge sharing. Policy recommendations for local and national governments on how cities can benefit from a shift towards collaborative knowledge-making are also provided.

Keywords: knowledge management, smart city, knowledge sharing, learning, literature review

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142 Managing Knowledge in 21st century: in the first knowledge economy? Madeleine Block Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany DOI: 10.34190/KM.19.183

Abstract: During the previous decades, numerous conferences and publications about knowledge management show the management of knowledge has become a central topic in theory and practice. A lot effort has been invested by organisations into the implementation of knowledge management. Furthermore, the European countries agreed to turn the European Union into the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy. So, knowledge and knowledge management have symbolised the shift from an industrial towards a knowledge economy and has become a key resource for economic success in this complex world we live in, with its ICT developments and global financial integration. On the other hand, the word “knowledge” has become inflated through its overuse. The impression is that any message is called knowledge, and any organisational success or failure is linked to a well-functioning or deficient management of knowledge. Apparently, only little attention in existing literature is given to this aspect of reconstructing and comparing the development of knowledge economy versus knowledge management. At this stage enters this research investigating into the historical roots and current state of knowledge economy versus knowledge management. So, the aim of this research is to question whether a paradigm shift from industrial to a knowledge economy has taken place in relation to reality. If so, when it is has emerged, what are its causes and what has changed? What do these changes reflect? Similar methodical approach is applied to knowledge management raising questions such as what is the current understanding of knowledge management, by who and when it has been developed? Finally, conclusions about the interrelationship between these two phenomena are presented.

Keywords: Knowledge Economy, Knowledge Management; Paradigm Shift; History

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146 Hospitals Knowledge Management Failures: Portuguese Case Sara Antunes and Eduardo Tome Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal

Abstract: Nowadays, the global economy has developed a dynamic and highly complex environment in the market. Hospital infection is a public health problem that affects the general public. This topic is on the agenda of the health units and has repercussions on public opinion, which are informed by the media in general, raising concerns about patient safety and having a direct impact in the decision- making of hospital management bodies. Organizations are expected to reinvent themselves in a process of continuous improvement and innovation, anticipating future events and moving forward in order to achieve sustainable development. This requires a well-planned knowledge management system that enables organizations to create knowledge. The importance of knowledge management is intensified when knowledge is used for the analysis of failures, in order to avoid the occurrence of problems and increase the reliability of the systems. With this in mind this essay presents the mapping of factors that contribute to the failures in knowledge management of professionals in health units in Portugal. The main objective of the research is to realize which factors affect health professionals to adopt knowledge management and which causes failures and contributes to increase hospital infections. To that end, main aspects that gave rise to knowledge management failures were identified in Portuguese health units according to the perceptions of the health professionals and the variables with the highest impact on hospital infections. After an exhaustive review of the literature, a research structure was proposed that explores the factors that affect the professionals of the health units to adopt efficient knowledge management, which can cause professionals to fail in their tasks. The present work was developed in a Portuguese public hospital. With valid answers to questionnaires made in all the hospital services of this same hospital. This study provides the health sector with a greater understanding of the impact of knowledge management failures which can assist health unit managers in decision making, problem identification in order to minimize the risk of increased hospital infections.

Keywords: knowledge management, knowledge management failures, Portuguese hospitals

147 Construction of a Knowledge Graph Within a Textile Manufacturer: An Exploratory Case Study Danyu Bao and Shujin Cao Sun Yat-sen University, China Abstract: The photographs or scans of fabric are essential sources of information in the textile industry to optimize business activities. For example, buyers, designers, manufacturers etc. regularly need to search for fabric swatches for different purposes including seeking suitable patterns and material ratios for design, or tracing if similar fabrics have been produced which can avoid unnecessary cost. Hence, computer graphics are widely used in the textile industry. However, computer graphics such as content-based image retrieval(CBIR) and keyword/tag-based image retrieval (TBIR) which are widely applied in the textile industry cannot represent all the properties of fabrics. For example some fabrics have different textures, but share similar material ratios. Besides the properties and relationships of fabrics that current computer graphic techniques may ignore, there is always a semantic gap between image content and semantic description. At present, most image evaluation processes focus on understanding the image content through classification, clustering, etc., this is different from a knowledge-based inference or experience acquisition according to the domain knowledge that people use. Knowledge graphs could be an appropriate tool to extract the relationship of fabrics, combine knowledge-based inference or experience acquisition to satisfy the needs of different kinds of users, and it not only can conduct image retrieval but also assist knowledge services. So far we have received about 20,000 photographs or scans of fabrics and organized one classification table including 19,000 records of fabrics from one textile manufacturer that collaborate with us. The research will focus on utilizing knowledge graphs to establish semantic logic of textile industry based on deep learning to express explicit and implicit relationships of fabrics and support knowledge service.

Keywords: knowledge graph, textile industry, relationship extract, classification, deep learning

148 Knowledge Acquisition Through Informal Learning on Social Media: the Case of Sina-Weibo Micro-Blog Hui Chen and Yuan Cai School of Information Management, Central China Normal University, China Abstract: With the rapid development of network technology, social media, as an indispensable part of people's lives, becomes the most common platform in people’s learning. In the age of internet, the application of social media also facilitates informal learning, which is a spontaneous rather than a planned learning activity. Informal learning can be seen as a process of spontaneous and informal knowledge acquisition. This ;learning behavior consists of a process of learning in daily sharing and interaction activities, takes place in many places, such as home or workplaces. Sina micro-blog, the same as Twitter overseas, is one of the most popular social media platforms to share, disseminate and get information in China. The users of it can send message, up load pictures or videos to the public for instant sharing, and then other users can directly add comments, pictures, and videos under in the comment section. The wider use of Sina micro- blog promotes the popularity of informal learning. Thus, in order to acquire and manage knowledge from informal learning effectively, this research developed a model to reveal the process of informal learning based on Sina micro-blog. The model can be divided into three layers: network layer, management layer and software layer. Informal learning is mainly carried out at the network layer, which mainly includes the motivation, learning objectives and learning process of informal learners. Management layer is the layer of the learner's socialization process in informal learning, which contributes to the transformation of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Learners can internalize the knowledge that others passed to them and transfer their tacit knowledge back to others, so that learners can improve their knowledge structure system in mutual communication. Software layer is composed of Sina micro-blog, which is the foundation to support the informal learning. The research simply throws some light on how to implement knowledge management in informal learning based on social media, also needs to be gradually improved in practice.

Keywords: knowledge management, informal learning, social media, Sina micro- blog

149 A Knowledge-Driven Archive Services Based on the Internet of Things Hui Chen and Xiaoxiao Wang School of Information Management, Central China Normal University, China Abstract: A formal archive preserves evidence or assets relevant to an organization and carries important intellectual value. A manual archive service relies heavily on the staff members who carry out inefficient manual tasks such as searching for content in the archival repository, checking information accuracy, and handling the necessary procedures after a request is made. This service is not only inefficient, but also often results in delays and inaccuracies. In the knowledge economy, in order to meet people's diversified needs and demands, basic principles of knowledge management have been introduced in archives management. This has created the opportunity for a knowledge-driven approach that offers a more proactive, efficient and effective archive service. This approach identifies and predicts the needs of users and offers customized knowledge whilst simultaneously making the service process for both staff and users more automated and convenient. The third generation of Internet technology known as the Internet of Things (IoT) enables both people and devices to connect, interact, exchange information and communicate. The approach proposed in this research uses IoT to acquire relevant information, understand users’ needs and provide required services. The research uses IoT technology to tag, identify and manage various devices, archive content, objects and people. It is divided into three layers: infrastructure, business implementation and user application. The infrastructure layer uses automated and sensor-based devices to apply IoT in physical archive management (e.g. controlling air-conditioning, humidifiers and dehumidifiers in relation to monitored temperature and air moisture of the archival repository). The business implementation layer makes the archive service more targeted to users’ needs, by using the IoT to identify potential demands through the analysis of personal information and provision of tailored and accurate services. Through data analysis, the service becomes more intelligent with automated identification, storage and retrieval of archives materials. The user application layer aims to make the system more user-friendly; visitors are able to browse electronic archives conveniently via computer or mobile phone. This knowledge-driven approach modernizes and automates archive management, improving the convenience of archive services, and offers personalized and real-time access to users.

150 Keywords: archives management, knowledge management, internet of things, knowledge-driven approach

Using Knowledge Cafés to Share Teaching Best Practice Within Higher Education: A Case Study Desirée Cranfield School of Management, Swansea University, UK Abstract: The Internet as disruptive technologies brought about changes in the way we live, work and play as well as opportunities to improve. As access to information is global and ubiquitous, our workplace has become increasingly complex, fast passed and constantly changing, making it difficult for one single individual to know everything and single-handedly address all the challenges. This is evident across all sectors of the society, including the academe which is faced with a dynamic environment, increasing student demands, constant pressure for research excellence and constantly changing teaching mandates. Research suggests that bringing together a diverse group of people for dialogues, sharing of experiences and best practices would be a way to tackling these challenges and issues. This can be achieved with the implementation of an informal Knowledge Café. This research explores the role of Knowledge Cafes, introduced over a 3- month period within the School of Management at Swansea University.

Keywords: knowledge café, knowledge management, higher education, best practice, pedagogy

Training as a Transformative and Social Constructivism Process for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals Palmira Lopez-Fresno University Rovira i Virgili, Spain Abstract: The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda is a plan of action for sustainable development, containing 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and 169 targets. All countries and stakeholders, acting in collaborative partnership, have a responsibility in achieving them. Awareness raising and training are the first steps to advance in achieving the 2030 Agenda. Training for SDG should be focused as a transformative process aimed at providing knowledge, techniques and tools to develop skills and changes in attitudes and behaviours, thus creating an inclusive, aware and competent society to promote the SDG. This work-in-progress paper is 151 empirical, based on a project to train professionals on SDG 5 (Gender equality) and SDG8 (Decent work and economic growth). As both have transversal implications on other SDG, training content was designed to also provide an holistic, systemic and integrated view of the 2030 Agenda. The training project is part of an international technical cooperation project for development, aimed at knowledge transfer and capacity development for advancing in organisational and national competitiveness. Training on 2030 Agenda and the two chosen SDG was considered as a transversal issue in all the training courses the project will deliver (over 150 courses with more than 3,000 participants). Five types of training goals were assessed: i) awareness raising (be aware); ii) knowledge enhancement (understand); iii) skills development (apply); iv) change attitudes, behaviours and practices (take action); v) social transformation (create/transform). Evaluation of training follows Kirpatrick 4-step model. Head-heart-hand tools (what new did you learn today? How are you feeling related to the content? What can you do with the learning you’ve received?) have been included for brief exercises during the training, thus converting training in a social constructivism mechanism for future action. The work-in-progress paper focuses on how the training was designed, is delivered and the main results in achieving the set objectives (started end of May 2019). The paper sheds light on how a transformative approach to training on SDG and its head-heart-hand assessment tool can be applicable to other topics or domains, by academicians or practitioners.

Keywords: 2030 Agenda, SDG, knowledge sharing, social constructivism, training, transformative process

Towards Developing an Ethical Model for Knowledge Management in Industry/Academic Collaborations Shane McLoughlin1, Clare Thornley1 and Kalpana Shankar2 1Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland 2University College, Dublin, Ireland Abstract: Research Questions: RQ1: What ethical tensions and conflicts can emerge when managing knowledge in industry /academic collaborative research projects. RQ2: Do existing models of responsible research and innovation (RRI) adequately model and respond to them? RQ3: What new or revised ethical model could be usefully developed to better guide KM in these projects? Methods: (1) (a) A Systematic Literature Review of ethics in KM literature. (b) An analysis of existing literature on ethics and RRI (Responsible Research & Innovation) as they pertain to KM in industry /academic research projects. (2) Initial thematic analysis of qualitative data from Irish stakeholder interviews (n = 15). (3) Development of

152 initial conceptual model to be evaluated with stakeholders. Summary of Findings: The initial literature findings show that ethical issues around managing knowledge in industry-academic collaborations have not been dealt with at an adequate level of detail. Compliance, in terms of Intellectual property and ‘fair’ share of potential profits is reasonably well covered but more nuanced ethical issues as they play out in terms of; differing power, financial resources and career security of the different actors should be further examined. Value and Usefulness of Findings: The role of industry-academic collaborations in fostering innovation by facilitating knowledge creation and transfer is seen as increasingly socially/politically important. However, new ethical challenges emerge in terms of how knowledge is used and innovation fostered through the respective roles of the various actors, their possibly conflicting interests and the perceived obligation for the use of public money to foster public benefit and commercial enterprises. KM ethics can have a useful contribution to make in this area in terms of improving understanding and guidelines for policy and practice.

Keywords: ethics, knowledge transfer, industry/academic collaboration, science policy

An Analysis of Implementation of KM Initiatives in Organizations in Chile Between 2015-2019 Gregorio Perez-Arrau Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile Abstract: In recent years, the emerging concept of knowledge management (KM) has captured increasing interest in organizations in Chile. However, although there is growing interest of managers in this subject, there is a significant lack of research on KM experiences in organizations in Chile and how these projects have been put into practice, how organizational and cultural barriers influence the development of KM programs and what results have been achieved. This paper seeks to contribute to the debate on the importance of the context in carrying out KM policies and practices in organizations by describing fifteen cases of KM initiatives carried out in Chile between 2015 and 2019. The data collected suggests that, presently, KM is an important issue for Chilean organizations and that managers have become aware that, in the new economy, knowledge is a critical resource of competitive advantage. Secondly, the origin of most of these initiatives lies in the human resources units or ‘ad hoc’ teams created merely for the purpose. Also, it was found that most of the initiatives described started in the last five years, suggesting that KM is a very recent phenomenon in the Chilean business environment. Fourthly, the main motivation of these initiatives were to

153 cope with the imminent loss of valuable knowledge due to the retirement of employees or a high rate of turnover. Also, it was found that there is a clear concern in organizations about how to learn from previous experiences and transform them into a source of change and innovation. The most popular KM tools found in those initiatives were lessons learned, communities of practice, bases of knowledge, after action review and mentoring, and they were usually implemented one at a time. Finally, it was found that the main barriers to carrying out these KM initiatives lay not only in some of the main characteristics of Chilean culture such as lack of trust and a high power distance and the lack of understanding from employees but also in the problematic issue of measurement of results from KM efforts and the lack of knowledge of managers about KM tools and techniques.

Keywords: knowledge management, developing countries, Chile

Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP), a Digital Knowledge Management Transformation in an Energy Company Nuno Pestana, Didia Cruz and Inês Vidigueira EDP - Energies of Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal Abstract: This poster presents a knowledge management tool used in business environment. EDP – Energies of Portugal is a multinational, vertically integrated utility company. We have been building a relevant presence in the world energy scene, being present in 16 countries, in 4 continents. With more than 11.500 employees, we are present throughout the electricity value chain and in the gas commercialization activity. Based on the demand to adapt a work cultural structure to a new approach in business, focused on accelerating innovation, Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP) were created with a strategical view to identify, gather and promote specific knowledge inside the company to allow and support a digital transformation. In JAN/2019 this VCoP were constituted by specialists in different business segments of the company, with the purpose to establish a cross-border/business network of experts with know-how in digital subject matters, who get together in virtual and physical settings to exchange good practices, ideate together and cultivate knowledge. In the constitution of the Virtual Communities of Practice, in first instance it was necessary to map and identify each one of the specialists associated with a certain discipline of digital technology. Subsequently, seven VCoP were created: (1) Analytics, Big Data & Artificial Intelligence; (2) Robotics & Automation; (3) Agile Product Development; (4) Digital platforms, Mobile & Social media; (5) IoT & Drones; (6) Augmented 154 reality & Virtual Reality; (7) Design thinking. Each community has between 100 and 150 members. In the second semester of 2019, all communities will gather around 800 members. Inside each group it was selected a cluster of dynamic people (boosters who are recognized as key influencers with a relevant network) who constitute a list of possible leaders that change every six months. All VCoP are supported by a corporate department, the Digital Global Unit who define community framework, budget and validate the plan, target/task proposed by each community leader. VCoP have been providing significant importance for knowledge management and knowledge creation regarding the digital enhancement. Since this last seven months, 56 documents shared, 5 expert forums done, 7 show cases presented and 34 online courses delivered.

Keywords: virtual communities of practice, business innovation, corporate knowledge management, digital transformation

Mintzberg Revisited: Does Digitalization Demand a Different Model? Tone Vold and Ole Jørgen Ranglund The Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway Abstract: Mintzberg’s model to describe organizations, and how they are organized, have been taught to students almost since the presentation in his book from 1979. This model describes the five strategic parts of an organization. The appearance may vary according to the different types of organizations, but mainly they represent the same areas; Strategic Apex, Middle Line, Operating core, Technostructure and Supporting Staff. The different approaches to different types of organizations, described metaphorically by Gareth Morgan in his book Organizational Images, as Machine Bureaucracy, Organisms, and Ad Hoc-cracy, to mention a few. However, the basic parts are separated, and although appearing differently, still differentiated. In the digitalization of organizational work and the impact digitalization may have on a workplace, we also notice that what previously was the technostructure of the organization, now is a apart of the operating core and/or middle line. The technostructure consists of professionals that are responsible for innovation, development, production, marketing, etc. However, with the digitalization one experience in organization, the way the work in organizations is restructured, a part of the restructuring and the core business involve to such a high degree of involvement of what the technostructure can offer. Both the strategic apex, as well as the middle line, will include the work that is provided by the technostructure. This paper will introduce a proposal for a new model. This model will be based on observation from cases where organizations

155 have become digitalized. We will present the cases and our reasoning for developing the new model. Our perspective will be to understand knowledge management in the light of this new model, and suggest the challenges within the area of knowledge management that this represents.

Keywords: digitalization, knowledge management, organizational model, change in organizations

Chinese Local State Owned Enterprises’ Post- Acquisition Knowledge Integration From Overseas: An Explorative Case Study Hongshu Wang Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Abstract: Over the past decades, Chinese local state owned enterprises (LSOEs) have become significant forces in Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Within a comparatively diversified external political economy, possessing unique status and features following decentralization, local state enterprises are facing challenges and need to acquire foreign strategic assets to add firm specific advantages. Seeking strategic assets from foreign targeted acquisitions, firms have been highlighted as a major motivation of Chinese LSOEs’ pursuing foreign mergers and acquisitions. Thus the post-acquisition performance is a significant criterion to evaluate when considering whether the acquisition is a success or not, and whether it reaches the original expectations. The truth is that different LSOE acquirers experience different integration pathways, face various difficulties, and receive distinct performance and features as different stories. This presentation will try to shed more light on and bring more insights to how internal and external circumstances impact on firms’ absorptive capacity, and will determine their OFDI post-acquisition integration performance. An explorative case study across three key phases of one Chinese LSOEs international strategy was performed and the findings show: domestic institutional disadvantages of LSOEs compared to central SOEs lead to an out-flow of intangible assets, such as elite human resources and brand reputation, which have negative impacts on their post-acquisition knowledge integration; the nature of local (as opposed to central) state ownership plays an important role in allowing Chinese LSOEs to obtain tangible assets in terms of R&D equipment and access to foreign clusters, as well as priority in utilizing local complementary resources, which have a positive effect on local SOEs’ post-acquisition knowledge integration; both formal and informal physical distance between LSOEs and their foreign subsidiaries, such as legal systems and language differences respectively, have a negative impact on post- 156 acquisition knowledge integration. The presentation will discuss the emerging model and propositions in light of recent theoretical advances and managerial implications on the internationalization of Chinese firms.

Keywords: Chinese local stated owned enterprises, LSOEs, integration capacity, knowledge transfer, Outward foreign direct investment, OFDI

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Additional Materials

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160 The importance of paper citations and Google Scholar

As an academic researcher you will know the importance of having access to the work of other researchers in your field as well as making your own work available to others. In the area of this is achieved through citation indexing. There are a number of bodies that undertake this task including Thompson ISI, Elsevier Scopus and Google Scholar – to name just a few.

At ACPI we do all we can to ensure that the conference proceedings and the journals that we publish are made available to the major citation bodies and you can see a list relevant to this conference on the home page of the conference website.

However, it is also important for you, the author, to make sure that you have made your work available for citation – particularly with organizations such as Google Scholar. We are providing you here with the simple steps you need to take to do this and we would ask you to take the time to upload your paper as soon as you can.

Step one: Extract your paper from the full proceedings that you have downloaded from the Dropbox link provided to you.

Step two: Upload your paper to your own website, e.g., www.university.edu/~professor/jpdr2009.pdf ; and add a link to it on your publications page, such as www.university.edu/~professor/publications.html.

Make sure that the full text of your paper is in a PDF file that ends with ".pdf",

The Google Scholar search robots should normally find your paper and include it in Google Scholar within several weeks. If this doesn't work, you could check if your local institutional repository is already configured for indexing in Google Scholar, and upload your papers there.

More information is available from http://scholar.google.com.au/intl/en/scholar/inclusion.html

161 We will separately upload the proceedings to Google Books which is also searched – but evidence has shown that individual upload results in quicker indexing by Google Scholar.

Your own institution may also subscribe to an institutional repository such as http://digitalcommons.bepress.com/ or http://dspace.org/

Providing the original reference of your paper is included you have our permission as publishers to have your paper uploaded to these repositories.

Sue Nugus ACPIL

162 Academic Conferences and Publishing International

Facilitating excellence in scholarship through double blind peer reviewed conferences on eight topics

Vision and Mission

Our vision is that there is an ever increasing need for high quality research in most if not all aspects of 21st century society. Universities are the primary provider of quality research education.

Quality research education requires the participation of both established faculty, newly appointed staff and research students. There is also the requirement for academe to reach out to the general society as comprehensively as possible.

As the university sector becomes increasingly focused on research excellence there is a need to provide more fora, primarily in the form of peer reviewed conferences, for academics to exchange ideas, questions, problems, and achievements concerning their personal research activities. These fora provide opportunities to exchange ideas, to experience critiques and to obtain some recognition for individuals’ progress towards research excellence. The more international the forum the more effective it is.

Although publishing in highly rated indexed academic journals is still the most prized form of academic communication, the conference medium has become a significant outlet for research findings as well as an important facilitator to achieving this goal. All papers submitted to ACPIL conferences are double blind peer reviewed and accepted papers are published in a book with an ISBN and ISSN. These conference proceedings are indexed by a number of authorities, including WOS, Scopus, Proquest, etc.

Our mission is to facilitate the creation of global academic research communities by providing all the administrative and management functions required to deliver a comprehensive academic conference experience.

163 This is supported by the provision of seminars, workshops and the publishing of suitable books, monographs and proceedings.

It is also supported by 5 academic journals three of which are indexed by Elsevier Scopus.

ACPIL’s conference activities

For over 20 years we have facilitated conferences globally. Originally our focus was only on ICT. Over the years we have broadened the scope, but there is still a strong leaning towards ICT. Currently there are 16 conferences run in various parts of the world which are attended by approximately 1,500 conference participants annually. Global reach is one of the dimensions that differentiates us. At any given conference there are regularly participants from 30 or more countries. Some of the conferences are accompanied by master classes in their associated field which are run on the day before the conference.

Seven conferences are associated with Excellence Awards for which we appoint judges, accept nominations, conduct evaluations and award prizes. The Games Based Learning Conference runs an established annual competition. Details of these events are contained in our website at www.academic-conferences.org

Contact information

If you would like to host a conference, facilitate a workshop or have a book published please contact [email protected]

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Research Jotter Research ideas can happen at any time – catch them in writing when they first occur

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