Essential Medicines in Nigeria: Foregrounding

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Essential Medicines in Nigeria: Foregrounding Revue Africaine de Sociologie Un périodique semestriel de Conseil pour le Développement de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales en Afrique (CODESRIA) (Incorporant le South African Sociological Review) Rédacteurs en Chef: Olajide Oloyede Jean-Bernard Ouedraogo Elisio Macamo Dept. of Anthropology and Sociology, Université de Ouagadougou, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungssoziologie University of the Western Cape, Burkina Faso Universität Bayreuth Private Bag X17, Bellville, [email protected] 95440 Bayreuth, Deutschland Cape Town, South Africa GWII, Zr. 2.24, Germany Tel: +2721959 3346; Tel. +49 921 55 4207 Cell: 0820541962 Fax. +49 921 55 4118 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Onalenna Selolwane Tel: 267-355-2758 Fax: 267-318-5099 Mobile: 267-71555321 E-mail: [email protected] Comité de Rédaction: Slaheddine Ben Frej, Tunisienne des Sociologues (ATS), Tunisie Ifi Amadiume, Dartmouth College, USA Gbein Paul N’da , Ecole Normale Supérieure, Abijan, Côte d’Ivoire Jimi O. Adesina, Rhodes University, Republic of South Africa. Olayiwola Erinosho, Social Science Academy of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria Rudebeck Lars Edward Axel, Uppsala University, Sweden Ben Magubane, South African Democracy Education Trust (SADET), Pretoria, South Africa Adama Ba Konaré, Bureau de l’Ancien Président, Niaréla, Bamako / Mali Ali El Kenz, Université de Nantes, France Alfred Babatunde Zack-Williams, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, Harri Englund, Free School Lane, Cambridge, United Kingdom Dzodzi Tsikata (PhD), University of Ghana, Ghana Jean-Ferdinand Mbah, Université Omar Bongo, Gabon Alcinda Honwana , The Open University , United Kingdom Elizabeth Annan Yao, Iford, Cameroun Fred Hendricks, Rhodes University, South Africa Winnie Mitullah, University of Nairobi, Kenya Jean Copans, Université René Descartes, Paris V, France Bawa Yamba, Diakonhjemmet College, Norway Carlos Lopes, New York, USA La Revue Africaine de Sociologie est une publication semestriel du CODESRIA à Dakar, au Sénégal. On accepte tout article des chercheurs africains et non-africains concernant la problématique des analyses sociales de ce continent et en général. La Revue axiste d’abord comme support pour l’extension de la pensée sociologique et anthropoloque entre les chercheurs en Afrique. Tout travail pertinent venant de l’extérieur du continent est néanmoins aussi considéré. Des contributions ou en français sont acceptées. Toute contribution doit être envoyée au: Abonnements: Olajide Oloyede Subscriptions Dept. of Anthropology and Sociology African Sociological Review University of the Western Cape Dept. of Anthropology and Sociology Private Bag X17, Bellville University of the Western Cape Cape Town, South Africa Private Bag X17, Bellville Tel: +27(21)959 2336 Cape Town, South Africa Fax: +27(21) 959 2830 E-mail: [email protected] De l’Afrique D’Ailleurs 1. Individus R50 $50 2. Institutions africaines R80 $80 African Sociological Review/Revue Africaine Sociologie ASR Vol 18 2 2014 Contents/Sommaire Editorial 1 General Issues Cuban heritage in Africa: 19yh Century Deported Nanigos in Fernando to Isabela de Aranzadi 2 Isabela de Aranzadi Essential medicines in Nigeria: Foregrounding. 44 Chinwe Obuaku Research Papers Rationalités nomades : Variabilité socio-écologique et résilience des Peuls pasteurs du Burkina Faso 63 Gabin Korbéogo A Few Good Men in a World of Gangsters: Discourses of Respectability and Risk amongst Student Teachers in the Western Cape, South Africa 84 Fiona Larkan and Brian van Wyk Immigrant-Host Community Relations in Malawi’s Community based Rural Land development Project (CBRLDP) 98 Paul Kishindo Le coupé décalé en Côte d’Ivoire : Sens et enjeux d’un succès musical 108 Franck Gawa AFRICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW VOL 18 2 2014 1 EDITORIAL: In Volume 14 1 2010, the ASR published Isabela de Aranzadi’s brilliant ethnographic piece on the Annobonese and the Fernandinos musical culture (A Transatlantic drum’s Journey after the slavery from Africa to America and Back: Annobonese and Fernandinos musical culture). It was a study of a transatlantic drum’s journey from Africa to America and back. The piece, we gathered, was very much welcomed by scholars of returning ex-slaves to Africa and anthropologists interested in the rituals, dance and music of this group of Africans. We follow this up, in this volume, with another of such work with Aranzadi’s engaging piece on the Ñañigos of Fernando Po. The Ñañigos were members of Cuban society who were deported to Fernando Po in the nineteenth century. Aranzadi discusses this group of Cuban deportees to Fernando Po, using a combination of reports in Spanish newspapers of the period, archival documents and interviewing those that could be referred to as carriers of history (oral historians). She highlights the historical reasons for the presence of the group in Fernando Po, pointing to their cultural (music, dance and rituals) resistance to colonization. It was the resistance that spurred the Spanish government to use Fernando Po to harbor them: the resisting group was sent off to the island. Aranzadi developed a narrative of memory embodied in music, songs and dance. In the narrative, the thread in the movement out of Africa through slavery and the movement back as ex-slaves and anti-oppression fighters is laid bare thus giving the piece its strength and in a way connecting it to her earlier piece in the journal Olajide Oloyede Managing Editor Dans son volume 14 1 2010, la RAS a publié le travail ethnographique brillant d’Isabela de Aranzadi sur la culture musicale des Annobonese et des Fernandinos(A Transatlantic drum’s Journey after the slavery from Africa to America and Back: Annobonese and Fernandinos musical culture) Ce fut une étude sur le voyage, aller-retour, transatlantique d’un tambour de l’Afrique à l’Amérique. L’article a été très bien accueilli par les intellectuels d’anciens esclaves de retour en Afrique et par les anthropologues qui s’intéressent aux rituels, à la danse et à la musique de ce groupe d’Africains. Dans ce présent volume, nous poursuivons ce qui précède, avec un autre travail similaire et captivant d’Aranzadi sur les Ñañigos de Fernando Po. Les Ñañigos étaient des membres de la société cubaine déportés à Fernando Po au XIXe siècle. Aranzadi traite ce groupe de déportés cubains à Fernando Po, en utilisant une combinaison de rapports dans les journaux espagnols de l’époque, des archives et des entretiens avec ceux qui pourraient être considérés comme des porteurs de l’histoire (des historiens oraux). Elle éclaire les raisons historiques de la présence du groupe à Fernando Po, en mettant l’accent sur leur résistance culturel (musique, danse et rituels) face à la colonisation. Ce fut la résistance qui avait poussé le gouvernement espagnol à utiliser Fernando Po comme lieu de déportation : le groupe des résistants a été envoyé sur l’île. Aranzadi a développé un récit de mémoire incarnée dans la musique, les chants et la danse. Dans le récit, le fil dans le mouvement hors de l’Afrique à travers l’esclavage et le mouvement de retour comme anciens esclaves et combattants « anti-oppression » est mis à nu donnant ainsi à l’article sa force avec une connexion, en quelque sorte, à l’article précédemment publié dans la revue. Olajide Oloyede Managing Editor/ Redactor En Cher 2 AFRICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW VOL 18 2 2014 Cuban heritage in Africa: Deported Ñáñigos to Fernando Po in the 19th century. Isabela de Aranzadi MUSYCA Research Group Universidad Complutense de Madrid Email: [email protected] Abstract This paper focuses on the 19th century deportation of Ñáñigos (members of Abakuá, a Cuban secret society) to Fernando Po (Bioko). I argue against the widely held negative image of this group as portrayed in the news and press information in Spanish newspapers from 1865 to 1950 that document the Cuban heritage in Africa. I highlight the point that the deportation of Nanigos to Africa was,in part, due to their association with,in part, due to their association with rebel groups in the decades and years prior to and during the War of Independence. Further, I pointed out the need of the Spanish Government to colonize the African island and use it to harbor expelled groups from the Caribbean island prosecuted for their rebellious character against the colony. As a result, many emancipated slaves1 and Cuban people were deported to Fernando Po in the second half of the nineteenth century, which explains their presence on the island. I discuss, in details, their memory, which has been maintained through some cultural elements - rituals, body attires, and musical and dance elements.. Keywords: Ñáñigos, slave heritage, Bonkó ritual dance, Ñánkue ritual dance, initiation societies, Cuban deportees Résumé Ce document met l’accent sur le 19e siècle de la déportation de Ñañigos (membres de Abakuá, une société secrète cubaine) à Fernando Po (Bioko). Je soutiens contre l’image négative largement répandue de ce groupe comme dépeint dans les nouvelles et les informations de presse dans les journaux espagnols 1865-1950 qui documentent le patrimoine cubaine en Afrique. Je souligne le point que l’expulsion du Ñañigos à l’Afrique était en partie en raison de leur association avec des groupes rebelles dans les décennies et les années avant et pendant la guerre d’Indépendance. En outre, je l’ai souligné la nécessité du gouvernement espagnol à coloniser l’île africaine et l’utiliser pour héberger des groupes expulsés de l’île des Caraïbes poursuivis pour leur caractère rebelle contre la colonie. En conséquence, de nombreux esclaves émancipés et peuple cubain ont été déportés à Fernando Po dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, ce qui explique leur présence sur l’île. Je discute, dans les détails, leur mémoire, qui a été maintenu à travers quelques éléments culturels - rituels, atours corporels et des éléments musicaux et de danse .. Mots clés: Ñañigos, patrimoine de l’esclave, Bonko danse rituelle, Ñánkue danse rituelle, les sociétés d’initiation, déportés CUBAN HERITAGE IN AFRICA: DEPORTED ÑÁÑIGOS TO FERNANDO PO IN THE 19TH CENTURY.
Recommended publications
  • Available Only Within the Gorilla Journal PDF File
    Gorilla Extract from No. 18 June 1999 Journal Tourist Killings in Bwindi About 100 armed men entered Uganda from the Democratic Republic of Con go on March 1st to raid 3 tourist camps in Buhoma, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Buildings were looted and set on fi re, vehicles were burnt, and 17 people were kidnapped and taken into the forest. It seems likely that the attackers had been told about the exact wherea- bouts of the tourists by Ugandans. After freeing some hostages, the kidnappers hack ed 8 tourists to death with machetes (4 Britons, 2 Americans and 2 New Zealanders). One Ugandan, the Community Conservation Offi cer John Ross Wagaba, was shot and his body set on fi re. It is not clear to which group the murderers belong. They spoke Kisua heli, French and Kinyarwanda. Some people de- scribed them as Interaham we, others as Hutu militia. They themselves said that they belonged to the ALIR (Rwandan Libera- tion Army) which has become notorious for their numerous raids in northwestennorthwesten Rwan da. Since the war in Rwanda, some ten thousand Rwandan rebels, militia and bandits are said to roam the forests of eastern Congo and the Virunga National Park. Afterwards, a group calling itself NALU (National Army for the Liberation of Uganda) claimed responsibility for the murders. This could not be confi rmed. After the massacre, the rebels forced a Ugandan to show them the way back to the Congo. Ugandan and Rwandan troops immediately took up the chase. By the end of March, they had killed 35 Rwandan rebels and captured 4.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PERCEPTION of CHILD POVERTY AMONG CAMEROONIAN FAMILIES Children´S Capabilities in Cameroonian Households in Berlin
    THE PERCEPTION OF CHILD POVERTY AMONG CAMEROONIAN FAMILIES Children´s Capabilities in Cameroonian households in Berlin Doctoral Thesis Submitted in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor Philosophiae (Dr. Phil.) At the Micro-sociology Institute of the Philosophical Faculty III, Humboldt University to Berlin / Germany By Diane Flora Brahms, born Nsong Supervisors: 1st: Mr Professor Doctor Hans Bertram 2nd: Mrs Professor Doctor sec. Karin Lohr President of the Humboldt University to Berlin: Mr Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrick Olbertz (2012) Dean of the Philosophical faculty at the Humboldt University in Berlin: Mrs Prof. Dr. Julia von Blumenthal (2012) Berlin / Germany, October 2015 Date of the oral exam: October 16th 2015 ABSTRACT Why should the perception of child poverty in Cameroonian families in Germany be analysed? This is a question we had to deal with all through this research phase. Why does it matter to take time trying to understand how Cameroonian people perceive child poverty and how it can impacts the Capabilities of their children in the German setting? Although the concept of poverty may seem obvious, experiencing it is a different story because of the way people perceive it. An interesting point in Cameroonian families in Berlin is that the concept of child poverty does not exist in their cultural background based on their languages. This is because children are viewed as their wealth. This study is an investigation of the Cameroonian perception of child poverty in Berlin and the application of the Capability Approach on it. The aim is to find out according to this, the future life opportunities of children with Cameroonian background in Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada Du C~Mad~
    National Library Bibliothèque nationale of Canada du C~mad~ Acquisitions and Direction des acquisItions et Bibliographie Services Br~nch des services bibliogr~phiquc$ 395 Wellington Slrccl 395. nIt) WelhnQIl111 Oltawa.OnlJno Ollaw" (Ontario) K1AON4 K1AON4 \.'", ',,' \,.r,,· """"~" " NOTICE AVIS The quality of this microform is La qualité de cette microforme heavily dependent upon the dépend grandement de la qualité quality of the original thesis de la thèse soumise au submitted for microfilming. microfilmage. Nous avens tout Every effort has been made to fait pour assurer une qualité ensure the highest quality of supérieure de reproduction. reproduction possible. If pages are missing, contact the S'il manque des pages, veuillez university which granted the communiquer avec l'université degree. qui a conféré le grade. Some pages may have indistinct La qualité d'impression de print especially if the original certaines pages peut laisser à pages were typed with a poor désirer, surtout si les pages typewriter ribbon or if the originales ont été university sent us an inferior dactylographiées à l'aide d'un photocopy. ruban usé ou si l'université nous a fait parvenir une photocopie de qualité inférieure. Reproduction in full or in part of La reproduction, même partielle, this microform is governed by de cette microforme est soumise the Canadian Copyright Act, à la Loi canadienne sur le droit R.S.C. 1970, c. C-30, and d'auteur, SRC 1970, c. C-30, et subsequent amendments. ses amendements subséquents. Canada • AFRICAN TBEOLOGf AND SOCIAL CHANGE. AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACB by rail Ritchie. Faculty of Religious studies MCGill university, Montréal.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Knows What About Gorillas? Indigenous Knowledge, Global Justice, and Human-Gorilla Relations Volume: 5 Adam Pérou Hermans Amir, Ph.D
    IK: Other Ways of Knowing Peer Reviewed Who Knows What About Gorillas? Indigenous Knowledge, Global Justice, and Human-Gorilla Relations Volume: 5 Adam Pérou Hermans Amir, Ph.D. Pg. 1-40 Communications Coordinator, Tahltan Central Government The gorillas of Africa are known around the world, but African stories of gorillas are not. Indigenous knowledge of gorillas is almost entirely absent from the global canon. The absence of African accounts reflects a history of colonial exclusion, inadequate opportunity, and epistemic injustice. Discounting indigenous knowledge limits understanding of gorillas and creates challenges for justifying gorilla conservation. To be just, conservation efforts must be endorsed by those most affected: the indigenous communities neighboring gorilla habitats. As indigenous ways of knowing are underrepresented in the very knowledge from which conservationists rationalize their efforts, adequate justification will require seeking out and amplifying African knowledge of gorillas. In engaging indigenous knowledge, outsiders must reflect on their own ways of knowing and be open to a dramatically different understanding. In the context of gorillas, this means learning other ways to know the apes and indigenous knowledge in order to inform and guide modern relationships between humans and gorillas. Keywords: Conservation, Epistemic Justice, Ethnoprimatology, Gorilla, Local Knowledge, Taboos 1.0 Introduction In the Lebialem Highlands of Southwestern Cameroon, folk stories tell of totems shared between gorillas and certain people. Totems are spiritual counterparts. Herbalists use totems to gather medicinal plants; hunting gorillas puts them in doi 10.26209/ik560158 danger. If the gorilla dies, the connected person dies as well (Etiendem 2008). In Lebialem, killing a gorilla risks killing a friend, elder, or even a chief (fon).
    [Show full text]
  • Number 30, 2010
    Number 30, 2010 AFRICAN STUDIES ABSTRACTS ONLINE Number 30, 2010 Contents Editorial policy .............................................................................................................iii Geographical index .....................................................................................................1 Subject index...............................................................................................................3 Author index ................................................................................................................7 Periodicals abstracted in this issue ...........................................................................14 Abstracts ...................................................................................................................17 Abstracts produced by Michèle Boin, Katrien Polman, Tineke Sommeling, Marlene C.A. Van Doorn i ii EDITORIAL POLICY EDITORIAL POLICY African Studies Abstracts Online provides an overview of articles from periodicals and edited works on sub-Saharan Africa in the field of the social sciences and the humanities available in the library of the African Studies Centre in Leiden, The Netherlands. New features Following recommendations from a survey among subscribers to the ASA Online mailing list in 2008/09, various improvements have been made to ASA Online. The navigation and search facilities have been enhanced and a link to full text has been included when available. It is now possible to navigate within ASA Online directly - from the
    [Show full text]
  • 46.Tribal-Art (152.Auktion)
    46.Tribal-Art (152.Auktion) am Samstag, 20. Mai 2006 Zemanek-Münster Fine Art since 1978 97070 Würzburg Hörleingasse 3 - 5 Tel. 0931 /17721 Fax 0931/17736 e-mail: [email protected] www.tribal-art-auction.com 2 Vorbesichtigung: Samstag, 13.Mai - Freitag, 19.Mai : 10.00 - 19.00 Samstag, 20. Mai : 9.00 - 12.00 Uhr Preview Saturday, 13. May - Friday, 19. May 10.00 am - 19.00 pm Saturday, 20. May : 9.00 - 12.00 am Sale / Auktion: Saturday, 20. May 14.00 pm 3 Hier finden Sie uns: Here we are: Zemanek-Münster Tribal-Art-Auktionshaus Schildhof 2/ Hörleingasse 3-5 97070 WÜRZBURG Katalogbearbeitung David Zemanek, Sabine Reis M.A., Nadine Waldmann M.A. Ernst Zemanek Ansprechpartner für Afrika: David Zemanek 4 Versteigerungs- preis) ist der Nettopreis. bedingungen 9) Auf den Zuschlag wird ein Aufgeld von 18%, plus Mit der Teilnahme an der Versteigerung der aus dem Aufgeld resultierenden Mehrwertsteuer werden folgende Bedingungen erhoben. anerkannt: 10) Der gesamte vom Käufer zu entrichtende Betrag 1) Die Versteigerung erfolgt freiwillig. ist sofort und in bar oder als Scheck am Tage der Auktion zu entrichten. Zur Bezahlung werden keine 2) Sie wird vom Auktionator in fremden Namen für Kreditkarten angenommen! fremde Rechnung durchgeführt, mit Ausnahme der Eigenware. Die Katalogbe-schreibungen werden nach 11) Bei Erwerb durch schriftliches Bieten ist die Ge- bestem Wissen und Gewissen vorgenommen. Sie genleistung innerhalb 10 Tage nach Rechnungsda- beruhen auf Angaben der Einlieferer und eigener tum zu erbringen. Das Eigentum geht erst nach er- Überprüfung. folgter Barzahlung auf den Käufer über und das Auktionsgut wird erst danach ausgeliefert.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Attitudes Towards Biodiversity Conservation Among Citizens on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon
    Assessing Attitudes towards Biodiversity Conservation among Citizens on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty Of Drexel University By Demetrio Bocuma Meñe In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree Of Doctor Philosophy May 2016 ©Copyright 2016 Demetrio Bocuma Meñe. All Rights Reserved. iv Dedication I would like to dedicate this dissertation to the person who gave me this once in a life time opportunity, Gail Hearn, PhD., and also to the initiative that she founded to protect the unique biodiversity of my lovely island, the Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program (BBPP) v Acknowledgements Funding and support for this project was provided by the Mobil Equatorial Guinea, ExxonMobil Foundation, National Science Foundation, the Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program and the Central African Biodiversity Alliance. I am grateful to the Government of Equatorial Guinea, especially the Ministry of Fisheries and the Environment for giving me the permission and opportunity to have an internship there, during which I was able to interview employees and gather hard copies of existing legislation. I am also thankful to the Government of Cameroon through the Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation for issuing the right permission to my field assistants in order for them to be able to administer our questionnaires in Cameroon. I am thankful to the National University of Equatorial Guinea, particularly the Department of Environmental Sciences for providing with some of the most essential resources (permits, field assistants, transportation and faculty support) to conduct my research on Bioko Island. I am also grateful to the High Institute of Environmental Sciences in Yaoundé, Cameroon for assisting me in the administration of my questionnaire carried out by two of its students.
    [Show full text]
  • Boy-Wives and Female Husbands
    Boy-Wives and Female Husbands Item Type Book Authors Murray, Stephen O.; Roscoe, Will DOI 10.1353/book.83859 Publisher SUNY Press Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 24/09/2021 02:52:38 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://www.sunypress.edu/p-7129-boy-wives-and-female- husbands.aspx Boy-Wives and Female Husbands Boy-Wives and Female Husbands STUDIES IN AFRICAN HOMOSEXUALITIES Edited by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe With a New Foreword by Mark Epprecht Cover image: The Shaman, photographed by Yannis Davy Guibinga. © Yannis Davy Guibinga. Subject: Toshiro Kam. Styling: Tinashe Musara. Makeup: Jess Cohen. The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Murray Hong Family Trust. Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 1998 Stephen O. Murray, Will Roscoe Printed in the United States of America The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution— Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-ND 4.0), available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Roscoe, Will, editor. | Murray, Stephen O., editor. | Epprecht, Marc, editor. Title: Boy-wives and female husbands : studies in African homosexualities / [edited by] Will Roscoe, Stephen O. Murray, Marc Epprecht. Description: Albany : State University of New York Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020034064 | ISBN 9781438484099 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438484112 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Homosexuality—Africa—History.
    [Show full text]
  • THE AR T of WEAPO NS
    HOOD MUSEUM OF ART, ART, HOOD MUSEUMOF DARTMOUTH COLLEGE DARTMOUTH THE ART of WEAPONS his exhibition presents exemplary highlights from the Hood Museum of Art’s rich collec- tion of traditional arms and armaments from Africa. It emphasizes the beauty of the weapons and shines a critical light on their significance in the social, political, economic, military, and spiritual organization of traditional societies in Africa. The selected objects, most of which were collected during the era of Western colonization in Africa, are of impeccable craftsman- ship and elegance and thus showcase the creativity and technical skills of their makers. Displayed together for the first time, they represent artistic traditions of nearly forty cultural groups spread across the East, West, Central, North, and Southern African sub-regions. The Art of Weapons presents the history of these objects as they have passed from hands of the craftsmen who cre- ated them to the warriors who deployed them to the Western collectors who gathered and displayed them. weapons and their makers Characteristically of African material cultures through the ages, many of these objects combine utilitarian and symbolic functions. They feature intricate geometric and linear patterns embellished on their surfaces, and command attention with their spiral forms, multiple thrusting edges, and beautifully carved anthropomor- phic and zoomorphic handles. The weapons reveal the widespread mastery of iron, brass, and copper, as well as the use of wood, animal hides, and plant materials, in weapons production in Africa. Beyond their formal designations as knives, spears, or shields, the weapons come in different sizes, forms, types, and aesthetic clas- sifications.
    [Show full text]
  • Les Frontieres Du Biafra De La Colonisation a 1970
    LES FRONTIERES DU BIAFRA DE LA COLONISATION A 1970 Vincent HIRIBARREN Sous la direction de Mémoire de Master 2 Pierre BOILLEY Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne Juin 2007 REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens à remercier Pierre Boilley qui a accepté de diriger cette étude et qui a su me conseiller tout au long de cette année. Merci à Jean-Pierre Bat qui m’a permis de rencontrer l’histoire de l’Afrique. Sa relecture et ses conseils avisés m’ont aidé à mener à bien ce travail. Egalement merci aux personnes qui m’ont fait découvrir les archives sur les frontières. Pascal Geneste m’a ouvert grand les portes des Archives Nationales et de la Perle. Camille Lefebvre m’a fait découvrir les récits des explorateurs du XIXème siècle. Enfin un grand merci à tous ceux qui m’ont soutenu pendant cette année. Merci à Rachael Foy et aux briques rouges de l’Angleterre, à Julien Nicolau né, comme moi, sur la bonne rive de l’Adour et à Mathieu Baladou et à son sommeil légendaire, Remercions quelque chose de très important pour moi : le mois de décembre. Oui, le mois de décembre 2006 a apporté bonheur, joie, félicité et fleurs de jasmin à ma famille. Louis et Marie-Pierre sont devenus les heureux parents de Bérénice, Marie est devenue juge, et mes parents aitatxi et amatxi. J’ai même eu 25 ans. N’oublions pas Damien Varenne, Jean-François Moufflet, Vincent Bouat, l’ancienne équipe de rugby de Paris IV, les anciens de la prépa-Chartes toulousaine. Merci à tous mes élèves de Villepinte, collégiens de F.Dolto et lycéens de J.Rostand.
    [Show full text]
  • Fang Mask History 31/05/14 3:29 PM
    Fang Mask History 31/05/14 3:29 PM View Cart Home Product Catalog African masks African Hats - Kofia Fang Mask History Juju Hats Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Cameroon Zulu Hats Chess sets Ostrich egg art The Fang people used masks in their secret societies. African Art Paintings Members of this male society wore the Ngil masks during the Djembe - Drums initiation of new members and the persecution of wrongdoers. Jewelry Masqueraders, clad in raffia costumes and attended by Accessories helpers, would materialize in the village after dark, illuminated Clothing by flickering torchlight. Fertility dolls The Fang tribe are spread over a vast area along the Atlantic Shadow Boxes coast line of equatorial Africa and can be found in Cameroon Bronze Sculpture equatorial Guinea and Gabon namely along the bank of the Home Decor Ogowe river. Figurines Granary doors Masks, such as those worn by itinerant troubadours and for hunting Candle holders and punishing sorcerers, are painted white with facial features African Juju Hat outlined in black. Typical are large elongated masks covered with kaolin and featuring a face that was usually heart-shaped with a long fine nose. Apparently it have been linked with the dead, since white is their color. The Ngontang dance society also used white masks, sometimes in the form of a four-sided helmet shape with bulging forehead and eyebrows in heart-shaped arcs. Hoodia Gordonii The So, or red antelope, was connected with initiation that Kung Bushman Hoodia lasted several months, the masks used during this ritual had long horns. Passport masks, were attached to arms of the maskers.
    [Show full text]
  • I FOLK FILMMAKING by ADAM PÉROU HERMANS AMIR B.A., Colgate University, 2007 M.Sc., University of Otago, 2010 a Thesis Submitted
    i FOLK FILMMAKING by ADAM PÉROU HERMANS AMIR B.A., Colgate University, 2007 M.Sc., University of Otago, 2010 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies Program 2016 ii This thesis entitled: Folk Filmmaking written by Adam Pérou Hermans Amir has been approved for the Department of English Benjamin S. Hale J. Terrence McCabe ____________________ Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. iii Amir, Adam Pérou Hermans (Ph.D., Environmental Studies) Folk Filmmaking Thesis directed by Associate Professor Benjamin S. Hale Wildlife conservationists often come into conflict with local communities. To resolve conflict, conservationists conduct education and sensitization programs to raise awareness and teach the value of wildlife. This “missionary approach” raises issues of epistemic and social injustice. Just as conservation often requires local communities to relinquish sovereignty over land and natural resources, conservation education challenges local values and morality. Invited to produce conservation education media for communities living near the critically endangered Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli), I used the opportunity to pursue a more just method for moral debates over wildlife in contexts of unequal power and unshared cultures. For my dissertation, I designed, tested, and analyzed a form of participatory video production: “Folk Filmmaking.” Folk Filmmaking differs from ethnography. Instead of documenting local moral beliefs about wildlife, it provides an opportunity for locals to represent themselves.
    [Show full text]