DOCSLIB.ORG

The Green Bank Observatory and the Space Race - Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Green Bank Observatory and the Space Race - Introduction West Virginia Connection Hidden Figures 2017 The Green Bank Observatory and The Space Race - Introduction Katelyn Flanagan Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/wvc Part of the History Commons, Instrumentation Commons, and the Other Astrophysics and Astronomy Commons Katelyn Flanagan December 8, 2017 ENG 405: Final Resources for Project Introduction: The Artifacts: For this portion of the materials, I included two “Piktographs” for students to use as a resource for their research for the final assignment. The first is one on the contributions specifically from West Virginia to the space race. It includes specific people from West Virginia and their contributions to this portion of our nation’s history. This way students are able to make home connections to West Virginia. The second Piktograph is one specifically on The Green Bank Observatory located in Green Bank, WV. It is home to the first radio telescope, as well as being the first national astronomy observatory. Although this isn’t explicitly related to the space race, it is an important aspect of our state and nation’s history and how they advanced in the topic of space through the research preformed at this facility on the radio telescopes. Connection to Hidden Figures: I decided to include these two pieces to use as curriculum for Hidden Figures because I think it gives students a way to make connections back to their home. Personally, I am always wondering about the ways in which my home plays a role in the bigger picture of the world. Often we overlook important people, events, and places in history because we haven’t explicitly learned about them in our history books. These two artifacts allow students to learn about the ways in which West Virginia has been involved in our nation’s race to the research in space. How to use these in conjunction with the Book: While none of these things are explicitly stated in the book, I think these two artifacts would be most useful in conjunction to learning about either West Virginia’s history, or learning about contributions from across the world to the space race. The teacher could use these two artifacts as a way to lead students into this unit, or begin to spark the interests of students into their own research. It only gives them a taste of the research they could perform on their own, but overall that was kind of its purpose. They should be used in conjunction with facts from the book or other outside resources as part of an overall research project. Flanagan 2 Works Cited/Image Credits/Additional Resources to Use Emberson, Richard M. “National Radio Astronomy Observatory.” Science, vol. 130, no. 3385, 1959, pp. 1307–1318. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1756849. Struve, Otto. “THE NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY: THE OUTLOOK IN 1960.” Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, vol. 72, no. 426, 1960, pp. 177–187. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40676958. https://greenbankobservatory.org/ https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062662385/hidden-figures-young-readers-edition https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/katherine-johnson-at-nasa-langley-research-center http://www.humansinspace.org/rocket-boys/coalwood17/ http://www.rocketboysfestival.com/ https://www.biography.com/people/chuck-yeager-9538831 https://www.military.com/undertheradar/2016/03/14-reasons-chuck-yeager-may-be-the-greatest- military-pilot-of-all-time .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Astro2020 APC White Paper Panel on Radio
    Astro2020 APC White Paper Panel on Radio, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Observations from the Ground The Case for a Fully Funded Green Bank Telescope Brief Description [350 character limit]: The NSF has reduced its funding for peer-reviewed use on the GBT to ~3900 hours/year, 60% of available science time. This greatly increases the telescope pressure & fragments the schedule, making it very difficult to allocate time for even the highest rated projects planned for the next decade. Here we seek funding for 1500 more hours annually. Principal Author: K. O’Neil (Green Bank Observatory; [email protected]) Co-authors: Felix J Lockman (Green Bank Observatory), Filippo D'Ammando (INAF-IRA Bologna), Will Armentrout (Green Bank Observatory), Shami Chatterjee (Cornell University), Jim Cordes (Cornell University), Martin Cordiner (NASA GSFC), David Frayer (Green Bank Observatory), Luke Zoltan Kelley (Northwestern University), Natalia Lewandowska (West Virginia University), Duncan Lorimer (WVU), Brian Mason (NRAO), Maura McLaughlin (West Virginia University), Tony Mroczkowski (European Southern Observatory), Hooshang Nayyeri (UC Irvine), Eric Perlman (Florida Institute of Technology), Bindu Rani (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), Dominik Riechers (Cornell University), Martin Sahlan (Uppsala University), Ian Stephens (CfA/SAO), Patrick Taylor (Lunar and Planetary Institute), Francisco Villaescusa- Navarro (Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute) Endosers: Esteban D. Araya (Western Illinois University), Hector Arce (Yale
    [Show full text]
  • Longterm MWL Behavior of 1ES1959+650
    Fakultät Physik – Experimentelle Physik 5 Long-term observations of the TeV blazar 1ES 1959+650 Temporal and spectral behavior in the multi-wavelength context Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von Dipl.-Phys. Michael Backes Dezember 2011 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Brief Introduction to Astroparticle Physics 3 2.1 ChargedCosmicRays .............................. 4 2.1.1 CompositionofCosmicRays . 4 2.1.2 EnergySpectrumofCosmicRays. 5 2.1.3 Sources of Cosmic Rays up to 1018 eV................ 6 ∼ 2.1.4 Sources of Cosmic Rays above 1018 eV................ 8 ∼ 2.2 AstrophysicalNeutrinos . ... 12 2.3 PhotonsfromOuterSpace. 13 2.3.1 Leptonic Processes: Connecting Low and High Energy Photons . 13 2.3.2 Hadronic Processes: Connecting Photons, Protons, and Neutrinos . 16 2.4 ActiveGalacticNuclei . 16 2.4.1 Blazars .................................. 17 2.4.2 EmissionModels ............................. 19 2.4.3 BinaryBlackHolesinAGN . 20 3 Instruments for Multi-Wavelength Astronomy 25 3.1 RadioandMicrowave .............................. 25 3.1.1 Single-DishInstruments . 25 3.1.2 Interferometers .............................. 26 3.1.3 Satellites ................................. 27 3.2 Infrared ...................................... 27 3.3 Optical ...................................... 28 3.3.1 Satellite-Born............................... 28 3.3.2 Ground-Based .............................. 28 3.4 Ultraviolet..................................... 29 3.5 X-Rays .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • NRAO Enews Volume 12, Issue 5 • 13 June 2019
    NRAO eNews Volume 12, Issue 5 • 13 June 2019 Upcoming Events NRAO Community Day at UMBC (https://science.nrao.edu/science/meetings/2019/umbc19/index) Jun 13 ­ 14, 2019 | Baltimore, MD CASCA 2019 (http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/casca2019/) Jun 17 ­ 20, 2019 | Montréal, Québec Radio/mm Astrophysical Frontiers in the Next Decade (http://go.nrao.edu/ngVLA19) Jun 25 ­ 27, 2019 | Charlottesville, VA 7th VLA Data Reduction Workshop (http://go.nrao.edu/vla­drw) Oct 7 ­ 18, 2019 | Socorro, NM ALMA2019: Science Results and Cross­Facility Synergies (http://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2019/ALMA2019Cagliari.html) Oct 14 ­ 18, 2019 | Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy Semester 2019B Proposal Outcomes Lewis Ball The NRAO has completed the Semester 2019B proposal review and time allocation process (https://science.nrao.edu/observing/proposal-types/peta) for the Very Large Array (VLA) (https://science.nrao.edu/facilities/evla) and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) (https://science.nrao.edu/facilities/vlba) . For the VLA a single configuration (the D array) will be available in the 19B semester and 124 new proposals were received by the 1 February 2019 submission deadline including one large and sixteen time critical (triggered) proposals. The oversubscription rate (by proposal number) was 2.5 and the proposal pressure (hours requested over hours available) was 2.1, both of which are similar to recent semesters. For the VLBA 27 new proposals were submitted, including two large proposals and one triggered proposal. The oversubscription rate was 2.1 and the proposal pressure was 2.3, both of which are similar to recent semesters.
    [Show full text]
  • Selection of Radio Astronomical Observation Sites and Its Dependence on Human Generated RFI
    RAA 2014 Vol. 14 No. 2, 241–248 doi: 10.1088/1674–4527/14/2/012 Research in http://www.raa-journal.org http://www.iop.org/journals/raa Astronomy and Astrophysics Selection of radio astronomical observation sites and its dependence on human generated RFI Roslan Umar1;2, Zamri Zainal Abidin1, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim1, Zulfazli Rosli1 and Noorkhallaf Noorazlan1 1 Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; [email protected] 2 Astronomy Unit, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Received 2013 June 7; accepted 2013 October 23 Abstract We investigate the influence of population density on radio-frequency inter- ference (RFI) affecting radio astronomy. We use a new method to quantify the thresh- old of population density in order to determine the most suitable lower limit for site selection of a radio quiet zone (RQZ). We found that there is a certain trend in the population density-RFI graph that increases rapidly at lower values and slows down to almost flat at higher values. We use this trend to identify the thresholds for pop- ulation density that produce RFI. Using this method we found that, for frequencies up to 2.8 GHz, low, medium and high population densities affecting radio astronomy are below 150 ppl km¡2, between 150 ppl km¡2 and 5125 ppl km¡2, and above 5125 ppl km¡2 respectively. We also investigate the effect of population density on the environment of RFI in three astronomical windows, namely the deuterium, hydro- gen and hydroxyl lines. We find that a polynomial fitting to the population density produces a similar trend, giving similar thresholds for the effect of population density.
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Notice Of
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 11/08/2017 and available online at h ttps://federalregister.gov/d/2017-24322, and on FDsys.gov 7555-01-P NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Notice of Availability and Notice of Public Meeting for the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for the Green Bank Observatory, Green Bank, West Virginia AGENCY: National Science Foundation. ACTION: Notice of Availability and Notice of Public Meeting. SUMMARY: The National Science Foundation (NSF) has made available for public review and comment the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) for Green Bank Observatory. This DEIS has been prepared for the National Science Foundation (NSF) to evaluate the potential environmental impacts resulting from proposed operational changes due to funding constraints for the Green Bank Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia. The DEIS was prepared in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Consultation under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is being conducted concurrent with the NEPA process. DATES: NSF will accept comments on the DEIS for 60 days following publication of this Notice of Availability; an additional 15 days are being provided beyond the standard 45-day review period to allow for the holidays). Comments may be submitted verbally during the public meeting scheduled for November 30, 2017 (see details in SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION) or in writing until January 8th, 2018. Substantive comments will be addressed in a Final Environmental
    [Show full text]
  • Nicholas Miklave¹ ² ([email protected]), C. J. Salter² ³, T. Ghosh², A. Deshpande⁴, A. Venkataraman³ ¹Stony Br
    A Search for Radio Transients in the G-ALFA Continuum Transit Survey Nicholas Miklave¹, ² ([email protected]), C. J. Salter², ³, T. Ghosh², A. Deshpande⁴, A. Venkataraman³ ¹Stony Brook University, ²Green Bank Observatory, ³Arecibo Observatory, ⁴Raman Research Institute Abstract Transient events are signals that change over short time scales, such as pulsars, rotating radio transients (RRATs), and fast radio bursts (FRBs). Pulsars and RRATs are known to be rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars. However, there are many competing theories and models for the sources of FRBs. Through additional observations of the sky with high time resolution, it is possible to detect more of these extremely short lived events to help validate (or invalidate) some of these models. Using high time resolution data from the G-ALFA Continuum Transit Survey (GALFACTS) made at Arecibo, a standard dedispersion technique was applied to search for candidate radio signals at dispersion measures up to 1000 pc cm-3 . From the first 7% of GALFACTS data, 27 known pulsars have been detected by the search method, as well as 4 strong, previously unknown candidate objects. Three of these candidates have dispersion measures and periods consistent with their being pulsars, while the other one seen as just a single pulse and has a dispersion measure consistent with being either an FRB, an RRAT, or a long-period pulsar. Background Recovering The Pulse GALFACTS Transient Search Results Dispersion: Ionized media introduce a Radio Transients frequency-dependent lag to the time of arrival Total of 34 significant signals A number of lower significance, but tantalizing, high for electromagnetic waves, quantified by the Pulsars 27 objects matched with entries in Pulsar catalogs DM single pulses that will be further examined as Rapidly rotating neutron stars "Dispersion Measure" (DM).
    [Show full text]
  • NRAO Enews Volume 4, Issue 2 • February 9, 2011 Upcoming Events
    NRAO eNews Volume 4, Issue 2 • February 9, 2011 Upcoming Events Building on New Worlds, New Horizons (http://science.nrao.edu/newscience/) March 7 - 10, 2011 | Santa Fe, NM 2011 Postdoc Symposium (http://www.nrao.edu/meetings/pdsym2011/) Apr 11 - 13, 2011 | Charlottesville, VA Innovations in Data-Intensive Astronomy (http://www.nrao.edu/meetings/bigdata/) May 3 - 5, 2011 | Green Bank, WV Sixth NAIC/NRAO School on Single Dish Radio Astronomy (http://www.nrao.edu/meetings/sds6/) Jul 10 - 16, 2011 | Green Bank, WV NAASC Announces ALMA Community Day Events Kartik Sheth To prepare the North American community to fully participate in the Early Science call for proposals, the North American ALMA Science Center (NAASC) is collaborating with the community on ALMA Community Days events leading up to the expected 30 June 2011 ALMA Early Science Cycle 0 proposal deadline. ALMA Community Day(s) events are one to two day events organized and led by Community Day proposers with a focus on the Early Science capabilities of ALMA, mm/submm interferometry observing techniques, and the tools required to design ALMA observing programs and submit proposals. The NAASC is supporting these events by providing staff to describe ALMA Early Science capabilities and NAASC community support programs, and lead brief demonstrations and/or tutorials on the ALMA Early Science user tools, including the ALMA Observing Tool for proposal generation and SIMDATA in CASA for simulating observations. The North American ALMA Science Center is pleased to announce the 2011 community events days listed below. Some of these events will include a hands-on tutorial component for training on ALMA proposal tools.
    [Show full text]
  • Event Horizon Telescope: the Black Hole Seen Round the World
    EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE: THE BLACK HOLE SEEN ROUND THE WORLD HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 16, 2019 Serial No. 116–19 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 36–301PDF WASHINGTON : 2019 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas, Chairwoman ZOE LOFGREN, California FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma, DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois Ranking Member SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon MO BROOKS, Alabama AMI BERA, California, BILL POSEY, Florida Vice Chair RANDY WEBER, Texas CONOR LAMB, Pennsylvania BRIAN BABIN, Texas LIZZIE FLETCHER, Texas ANDY BIGGS, Arizona HALEY STEVENS, Michigan ROGER MARSHALL, Kansas KENDRA HORN, Oklahoma RALPH NORMAN, South Carolina MIKIE SHERRILL, New Jersey MICHAEL CLOUD, Texas BRAD SHERMAN, California TROY BALDERSON, Ohio STEVE COHEN, Tennessee PETE OLSON, Texas JERRY MCNERNEY, California ANTHONY GONZALEZ, Ohio ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado MICHAEL WALTZ, Florida PAUL TONKO, New York JIM BAIRD, Indiana BILL FOSTER, Illinois JAIME HERRERA BEUTLER, Washington DON BEYER, Virginia JENNIFFER GONZA´ LEZ-COLO´ N, Puerto CHARLIE CRIST, Florida Rico SEAN CASTEN, Illinois VACANCY KATIE HILL, California BEN MCADAMS, Utah JENNIFER WEXTON, Virginia (II) CONTENTS May 16, 2019 Page Hearing Charter .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • But It Was Fun
    But it was Fun The First Forty years of Radio Astronomy at Green Bank Second Printing, with corrections. Edited by Felix J. Lockman, Frank D. Ghigo, and Dana S. Balser Second printing published by the Green Bank Observatory, 2016. i Front cover: The 140 Foot Telescope and admirers at its dedication, October 1965. Title Page: The Tatel telescope under construction, 1958. Back cover, clockwise from lower left: Grote Reber in the Bean Patch in Green Bank, 1959; Employee group photo, 1960; site view of 300 Foot and Interferometer, 1971; the 140 Foot in September 1965; the 140 Foot at night; the Tatel Telescope under construction, 1958; the Tatel telescope, ca. 1980, view towards the west; the 300 Foot Telescope, 1964; aerial view of the 100 Meter Green Bank Telescope and the 140 Foot Telescope when the GBT was nearing completion, summer 2000. Cover design by Bill Saxton Copyright °c 2007, by National Radio Astronomy Observatory Second printing copyright °c 2016, by the Green Bank Observatory ISBN 0-9700411-2-8 Printed by The West Virginia Book Company, Charleston WV. The Green Bank Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. ii Table of Contents Preface ............................................................ v Acknowledgements ................................................. vii Historical Introduction ............................................. viii Part I. Building an Observatory ................................ 1 1. Need for a National Observatory
    [Show full text]
  • EHT Fact Sheet
    National Science Foundation | FACT SHEET NSF CONTRIBUTION BY THE NUMBERS $140,500 NSF grant to establish a radio astronomy facility in 1955 EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE: $169 million NSF’S CONTRIBUTION Cost for VLBA’s initial 25 dish antennas in 2005 EHT didn’t happen overnight. Decades in the making, the Event Horizon Telescope discovery involved telescopes and institutions on five continents and required expertise in areas ranging from $862 million detector development to high-performance computing and theoretical physics. The National Science 10-year cooperative Foundation played a pivotal role in the discovery by funding individual investigators, interdisciplinary agreement for National scientific teams and radio astronomy research facilities. Radio Astronomy Observatory signed October 2016 Supporting Transformative Technologies. With NSF grants, scientists and engineers advanced the concept of long baseline arrays, as well as the devices and systems used to record and process the $28 million data. In the 1990s, researchers at MIT’s Haystack Observatory pioneered the opening of the 3 mm Amount NSF invested in wavelength window for very-long-baseline interferometry. Their work also led to a better understanding EHT over 19 years and of overcoming signal recording issues. With NSF funding, other researchers improved VLBI recording, 22 awards signal processing and hardware design. In addition to the advances in physics and astrophysics, this observation – and subsequent ones – enable technologies that will improve data analysis, storage and transmission, leading to improvements for broader societal uses of these technologies. Funding Interdisciplinary Teams. NSF’s Partnerships for International Research and Education program allows the agency to leverage U.S. dollars and improve scientific outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1611.01826V1 [Astro-Ph.IM] 6 Nov 2016 Keywords: CASPER, Digital Signal Processing, Radio-Astronomy, Instrumentation
    November 8, 2016 1:49 casper-2016 Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation c World Scientific Publishing Company A Decade of Developing Radio-Astronomy Instrumentation using CASPER Open-Source Technology Jack Hickish1;y, Zuhra Abdurashidova1, Zaki Ali2, Kaushal D. Buch3, Sandeep C. Chaudhari3, Hong Chen2, Matthew Dexter1, Rachel Simone Domagalski1;4, John Ford5;6, Griffin Foster7;8, David George7, Joe Greenberg9, Lincoln Greenhill10, Adam Isaacson7, Homin Jiang11, Glenn Jones12, Francois Kapp7, Henno Kriel7, Rich Lacasse9, Andrew Lutomirski, David MacMahon1, Jason Manley7, Andrew Martens7, Randy McCullough5, Mekhala V. Muley3, Wesley New7, Aaron Parsons2, Daniel C. Price2 Rurik A. Primiani10, Jason Ray5, Andrew Siemion2;13;14, Verees´eVan Tonder5, Laura Vertatschitsch15, Mark Wagner2;16, Jonathan Weintroub10, Dan Werthimer2, on behalf of the CASPER collaboration 1Radio Astronomy Laboratory, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 2Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3Digital Backend Group, Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, NCRA-TIFR, Pune, 410504, India 4Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada 5National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 166 Observatory Rd, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA 6Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA 7SKA Africa, 3rd Floor, The Park, Park Road, Pinelands, Cape Town, 7405, South Africa 8Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 9National Radio
    [Show full text]
  • Ground Based, Space Based, Infrastructure, Technological Development, and State of the Profession Activities
    Ground Based, Space Based, Infrastructure, Technological Development, and State of the Profession Activities Ground Based, Space Based, Technological Development, and State of the Profession Activities Ground Based, Space Based, and Technological Development Activities Ground Based and Space Based Activities Ground Based, Infrastructure, Technological Development, and State of the Profession Activities Ground Based, Infrastructure, Technological Development, State of the Profession, and Other Activities Ground Based, Infrastructure, and Technological Development Activities Ground Based, Infrastructure, and State of the Profession Activities Ground Based and Infrastructure Activities Ground Based, Technological Development, and State of the Profession Activities Ground Based and Technological Development Activities Ground Based Projects Space Based, Infrastructure, Technological Development, and State of the Profession Activities Space Based, Infrastructure, Technological Development Activities Space Based and Infrastructure Activities Space Based, Technological Development, and State of the Profession Activities Space Based and Technological Development Activities Space Based and State of the Profession Activities Space Based Projects Infrastructure, Technological Development, and State of the Profession Activities Infrastructure, Technological Development, and Other Activities Infrastructure and Technological Development Activities Infrastructure, State of the Profession, and Other Activities Infrastructure and State of the Profession
    [Show full text]