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Analysis and Region-Wise Classification of Work-Related Accidents in • Civil Construction Industry in Brazil

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Analysis and Region-Wise Classification of Work-Related Accidents in • Civil Construction Industry in Brazil Analysis and region-wise classification of work-related accidents in • civil construction industry in Brazil Juan Ludwing Hernández-Díaz & João Alberto Neves-Dos Santos Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected] Received: October 1rd, 2019. Received in revised form: April 4th, 2020. Accepted: April 27th, 2020. Abstract Every year in Brazil, in the construction industry, several thousands of accidents at work occur, which have a strong social impact, and result in millions of dollars being spent on accident benefits. Based on this information, it becomes relevant to analyze the country's approach to workplace accidents in this industry. Therefore, this article presents an analysis and a ranking of workplace accidents in the construction sector in various regions of Brazil, based on data obtained from official statistical sources, for the period 2010-2016. These data highlight a general reduction in the rate of occurrence of accidents in the country. This study was carried out through quantitative research, statistical observations, correlation determination, and use of the AHP and TOPSIS multi-criteria methods, with the aim of providing a clear perspective of the nature of the problem to professionals in this sector and government agencies. Keywords: Brazil; civil construction; multi-criteria methods; ranking; occupational accident. Análisis y clasificación regional de la siniestralidad laboral en la industria de la construcción civil brasileña Resumen Anualmente en el territorio brasileño, por causa del trabajo en la industria de la construcción, acontecen miles de siniestros laborales, que dejan como resultado fuertes afectaciones sociales y gasto de millones de dólares en beneficios accidentarios. Con fundamento en estas informaciones, se torna relevante analizar el comportamiento del país frente a la accidentalidad laboral en dicha industria. Por lo tanto, este artículo presenta como resultados principales, un análisis y un ranking de la siniestralidad laboral en el sector construcción en las regiones brasileñas, a partir de datos obtenidos de fuentes estadísticas oficiales, para el periodo 2010-2016, donde se destaca una reducción generalizada en los índices accidentalidad del país. Este estudio se llevó a cabo mediante investigaciones cuantitativas, observaciones estadísticas, determinación de correlaciones y uso de los métodos multicriterio AHP y TOPSIS, pretendiendo brindar especialmente a profesionales del sector y a las autoridades nacionales, una visión clara de la problemática. Palabras clave: Brasil; construcción civil; métodos multicriterio; ranking; siniestralidad laboral. 1. Introduction product (GDP) [1,3]. In the case of Brazil, according to the digital observatory of occupational safety and health According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), (observatório digital de segurança e saúde no trabalho - approximately 380,000 workers die worldwide every year. In ODSST), approximately $ 20 billion was spent on accident addition, 374 million non-fatal occupational accidents also benefits during the period 2012-2018. In addition, 4.5 million occur annually [1], with around 30% of these figures occupational accidents and approximately 16,500 accidental resulting from the construction sector [2]. Additionally, it is deaths were reported [4]. Of these, according to the data from known that the working days lost owing to these accidents the Secretary of Forecast, 7.30% of accidents and 14.85% of account for a loss of 4% to 6% of the world's gross domestic deaths occurred in the civil construction sector alone [5-7]. How to cite: Hernández-Díaz, J.L. and Dos-Santos, J.A.N, Analysis and region-wise classification of work-related accidents in civil construction industry in Brazil. DYNA, 87(214), pp. 17-26, July - September, 2020. © The author; licensee Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Revista DYNA, 87(214), pp. 17-26, July - September, 2020, ISSN 0012-7353 DOI: http://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n214.82592 Hernández-Díaz & Dos-Santos/ Revista DYNA, 87(214), pp. 17-26, July - September, 2020. It should be noted that the construction industry is exists in Brazil on the usage of TOPSIS and AHP multi- characterized by its influence on movement and economic criteria models to solve problems in the construction growth, because of the close relation between infrastructure industry. and development [8]. According to Brazilian Chamber of Construction Industry (Câmara Brasileira da Indústria da 2. Literature review Construção - CBIC) [14,15], this sector contributed, on an average, 6.06% to Brazil’s gross value added (GVA) for the 2.1. Work-related accidents in Brazil’s civil construction period 2010-2016. It should be noted that the sum of GVA industry and production taxes is equal to the gross domestic product (GDP). Thus, it can be seen that the construction industry Article 19 of Law 8213 of the 1991 Brazilian makes an appreciable contribution to the national economy legislation [16], defines “occupational accident” as any of Brazil. Furthermore, this is a sector that can generally hire incident that occurs during a period of work that causes a workforce with little or no prior training [9,10], thus helping bodily injury or functional disturbance to the worker, the employers save the cost of training the employees. In resulting in the reduction or loss of the worker’s ability to addition, this sector can also hire employees from other work either temporarily or permanently, including death industries in times of crisis, such as adverse economic or accident resulting from the displacements necessary to conditions or large-scale unemployment. Thus, this sector carry out the work. In Brazil, the accident rates in civil helps in reducing the unemployment levels with a low level construction sector are high, and more number of workers of investment [11]. Notwithstanding this favorable have died in civil construction activities than any other perspective, the low demand for specialization and the sector [5-7,12,17]. Furthermore, considering that in informal nature of the sector leads to the occurrence of Brazil, approximately half of the EAP is engaged in the occupational hazards [12], resulting in a major socio- informal sector, it can be deduced that many accidents are economic problem [13]. not registered, and the magnitude of the problem of work- Based on the above information, the main objectives of related accidents could be even greater [1 8]. this study are to analyze the trends in the instances of The considerable number of accidents in civil accidents in the Brazilian civil construction industry during construction arises mostly from the dangers inherent in the the period 2010-2016 and create an annual classification sector's activities [9,19]. In addition, the informal nature (ranking) using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and of work, outsourcing, lack of training, and sometimes, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal negligence, are entrenched factors in the nation, which solution (TOPSIS) methods. The rankings would reveal the also contribute to the creation of an accident-prone approach adopted to address the problem. The analysis was environment [20]. conducted region-wise, whereby the regions follow the same The problem at hand has several social and economic delimitations as the Brazilian states. The present study was consequences. The workers and their families are the most based on correlating the figures of the occupational accidents affected, primarily due to the impact of an occupational to some significant socio-economic indicators, such as GVA, accident on the quality of life and psyche of the worker, in human development index (HDI), economically active addition to the physical consequences [21]. On the other population (EAP). hand, the employers also face consequences as they carry This academic research is justified from the following the financial burden in terms of direct and indirect costs of three fundamental perspectives: (i) even though studies on their projects, as well as the consequential impact on their this subject are widely available in the literature, an effective reputation. Similarly, the government is also not exempted monitoring of the findings is necessary to identify the trends because the aforementioned problems lead to high by statistically evaluating and demonstrating the risks that operating costs of the social systems, resulting in an still exist in the Brazilian construction companies and help adverse impact on the national finances, which are often them make necessary decisions for preventing accidents; (ii) divided between the state and its inhabitants [20]. owing to the significant financial and social costs of the To address the above-mentioned adverse effects, accidents, a firm management of the construction works, it is Brazil has implemented a set of 36 regulatory standards necessary to establish a risk management model; (iii) it can (Normas Reguladoras - NR) related to OSH, which are provide essential knowledge to manage work-related risks mandatory for both public and private sectors. Non- and hence, is extremely critical for developing strategies for compliance of these standards is punishable by legal risk mitigation in the construction industry. sanctions, usually economic [22]. Among these standards, This study is also important for Brazilian government NR-18 stands out because it is a specific OSH standard agencies because its findings can help them acquire
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