DOCSLIB.ORG

Side-Necked Turtle Lower Jaws (Podocnemididae, Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous Maevarano Formation of Madagascar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Side-Necked Turtle Lower Jaws (Podocnemididae, Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous Maevarano Formation of Madagascar PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3397, 13 pp., 5 ®gures, 1 table March 27, 2003 Side-Necked Turtle Lower Jaws (Podocnemididae, Bothremydidae) from the Late Cretaceous Maevarano Formation of Madagascar EUGENE S. GAFFNEY1 AND CATHERINE A. FORSTER2 ABSTRACT Two lower jaws from the upper part (early Maastrichtian) of the late Cretaceous Mae- varano Formation in the Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, are identi®ed as belonging to side-necked turtles (Pleurodira). A nearly complete lower jaw is identi®ed as cf. Erymnochelys because of its close resemblance to the living Malagasy Erymnochelys madagascariensis. Both uniquely possess the combination of a posteriorly directed pro- cessus retroarticularis and a nearly identical triturating surface that is narrow anteriorly with a horizontal labial ridge and a dorsally rising lingual ridge. A second specimen, consisting of an incomplete symphyseal region, is questionably identi®ed as Bothremy- didae on the basis of a thick wedge-shaped symphysis with partial or complete pits on the rami. The cf. Erymnochelys specimen is the oldest record of Erymnochelys or a taxon very similar to it, and it indicates the persistence of a Mesozoic element in the extant Malagasy turtle fauna. The possible bothremydid jaw suggests a more cosmopolitan element now extinct. 1 Curator, Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794. e-mail: [email protected] Copyright q American Museum of Natural History 2003 ISSN 0003-0082 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3397 INTRODUCTION from Antunes and Broin (1988) and Lappar- ent de Broin and Werner (1998). In Antunes In 1896, Charles DepeÂret reported numer- and Broin (1988: 179) the Betioky material ous indeterminate turtle carapace and plas- was referred to as consisting of a ``portion tron fragments collected in northwestern de carapace sans les parties anteÂrieure et pos- Madagascar from sediments that are now teÂrieure, conforme aÁ Bothremys ...''.Weare known as the Maevarano Formation. Seven- unaware of characters in the carapace unique ty-eight years later, in 1974, a team of French to the Bothremydidae, despite assertions to paleontologists returned to northwestern the contrary (Lapparent de Broin and Werner, Madagascar to conduct ®eldwork in the Mae- 1998). varano Formation near the village of Beri- Although turtle remains have been known votra, the same general area where DeÂperet's from the Maevarano Formation in the Beri- material was collected (Russell et al., 1976). votra region for more than one hundred Russell et al. (1976) collected material they years, their identi®cations remain largely un- identi®ed as a species of pleurodire, an iden- determined, and none have been ®gured or ti®cation based on numerous carapace frag- described to date. A series of recent expedi- ments, vertebrae, a cranial fragment, and a tions to the Maevarano Formation by the limb bone. Ravoavy (1987), in a summary of State University of New York at Stony Brook known fossils from the Maevarano Forma- and the Universite d'Antananarivo, begin- tion, was more speci®c and reported turtles ning in 1993, have recovered a diverse ver- of the family Pelomedusidae, but Ravoavy tebrate assemblage that includes birds, croc- did not speculate on the number of taxa pre- odilians, dinosaurs, freshwater ®shes, mam- sent. mals, snakes, frogs, and turtles (e.g., Krause Recently, Lapparent de Broin (2000) sum- et al., 1999). This additional turtle material marized all known fossil turtles from Mad- includes partial and fragmentary carapaces agascar, listing two occurrences of Creta- and plastra, cervical vertebrae, girdle and ceous pleurodires on the island, the only pre- limb elements, and fragmentary cranial ma- Holocene turtle record from the island: (1) terial. At least two, and probably more, pleu- Berivotra (Mahajanga area) of ``Senonian rodire taxa are represented in this material. age'', and (2) Betioky (near the Menarandroy Despite a virtual pavement of carapace and River in southwestern Madagascar) of ``Cen- plastron fragments at several sites in the omanian age''. The ®rst locality refers again Maevarano Formation, more complete spec- to the Maevarano Formation and to the spec- imens remain elusive. In this paper we de- imens previously collected and reported by scribe two new, distinct turtle taxa based on Russell et al. (1976). However, Lapparent de lower jaw material. Broin was more speci®c and refers the Mae- Both specimens described here were col- varano turtle material to ``Bothremydidae in- lected in 1996 from the Maevarano Forma- det., form B'' (Antunes and Broin, 1988). tion near the village of Berivotra, Mahajanga Antunes and Broin (1988: 180) reported Basin, northwestern Madagascar (see ®g. 2 ``Bothremydidae indetermineÂ, forme B'' as in Krause et al., 1999). Although the age of consisting of a ``portion de craÃne avec les the Maevarano Formation was reported as ei- carreÂ, opisthotique et prootique partiels, ther Cenomanian (e.g., Antunes and Broin, montrant une structure de la region otique 1988) or Campanian (e.g., Russell et al., caracteÂristique des bothremydideÂs et confor- 1976), recent stratigraphic work con®rmed me aÁ celle de Bothremys et Rosasia ...''. that the formation is younger than previously Although noted in various lists (Broin, 1988; surmised (Rogers et al., 2000). Both speci- Lapparent de Broin and Werner, 1998), none mens described here are from the highly fos- of this material has been described or ®g- siliferous upper members of the Maevarano ured, leaving the justi®cation for the identi- FormationÐthe Anembalemba and Miadana ®cations unknown. MembersÐwhich are regarded as early At the Betioky locality, Lapparent de Maastrichtian, and possibly late Maastrich- Broin identi®ed ``Bothremydidae indet., tian in age (Krause et al., 1999; Rogers et al., form A (? Bothremys)'' based on information 2000). 2003 GAFFNEY AND FORSTER: SIDE-NECKED TURTLE LOWER JAWS 3 A review of turtle lower jaw anatomy ex- and most of both prearticulars (®gs. 1, 2). plaining and illustrating the terms used here Collected by C.A. Forster. can be found in Gaffney (1979). Pleurodire LOCALITY: MAD 93±35, Berivotra region, jaws are not well represented in the literature, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar. but Fuchs (1931) provided good descriptions HORIZON AND AGE: Anembalemba Mem- of Podocnemis. The taxonomy of pleurodires ber, Maevarano Formation, Maastrichtian. used here, recognizing Bothremydidae, Po- docnemididae, and Pelomedusidae, has been DESCRIPTION developed in recent years. Antunes and Broin (1988) and Broin (1988) revived Bothremy- DENTARY didae, provided a new diagnosis, and added The dentaries of FMNH PR 2231 are fused taxa, such as Rosasia, based on skulls and completely on the midline as in all other po- shells. Recent papers on fossil pleurodires, docnemidids and bothremydids (®gs. 1, 2). such as Meylan (1996), Lapparent de Broin Although there is a crack on the midline, there and Werner (1998), and Tong et al. (1998), is no sign of a suture anywhere on the sym- use the Antunes and Broin (1988) terminol- physis as seen in Pelomedusa and Emydura. ogy, in which Bothremydidae, Podocnemi- The symphysis is relatively long as in Erym- didae, and Pelomedusidae (restricted to Pe- nochelys, Peltocephalus, Podocnemis, and lusios and Pelomedusa) are contained in the bothremydids, but shorter than in most pelo- Pelomedusoides (which equals Pelomedusi- medusids. Peltocephalus differs from all other dae in the classic sense). Bothremydids are living podocnemidids and from bothremydids now recognized as a more widespread and diverse group than previously considered. in having a high, protuberant symphyseal pro- jection; this projection is also absent in INSTITUTIONAL ABBREVIATIONS FMNH PR 2231. The symphyseal tip of AMNH American Museum of Natural History, FMNH PR 2231 is broken, but the preserved New York portion indicates it was probably not pointed FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chi- as in the living Erymnochelys (®g. 3). cago The triturating surface in FMNH PR 2231 MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, is relatively narrow at the symphysis (®gs. Paris 1A, 2A), as in Erymnochelys, in contrast to UA Universite d'Antananarivo, Antanana- the wider surface seen in Peltocephalus and rivo, Madagascar Podocnemis. There is no midline ridge as in ANATOMICAL ABBREVIATIONS some Recent Podocnemis species; rather, the ang angular midline is ¯at as in Erymnochelys and Pel- art articular tocephalus. The lingual ridge at the symphy- cor coronoid sis forms the upper margin for a concavity dent dentary that makes up most of the symphyseal re- f. aur foramen nervi auriculotemporalis gion. The concavity is broadly triangular f. dfm foramen dentofacialis majus with its apex pointing anteriorly. This mor- f. pct foramen posterius chorda tympani phology is similar to that of Erymnochelys, fm fossa meckelii although the concavity in FMNH PR 2231 is pra prearticular sa surangular somewhat wider and the curved apex less scm sulcus cartilaginis meckelii acute. This region is also similar to that in the bothremydids Cearachelys (Gaffney et SYSTEMATICS al., 2001a) and Kurmademys (Gaffney et al., ORDER TESTUDINES LINNAEUS, 1758 2001b). The left and right dentaries meet at SUBORDER PLEURODIRA COPE, 1864 a more obtuse angle in FMNH PR 2231 than HYPERFAMILY PELOMEDUSOIDES COPE, 1868a in Erymnochelys, Peltocephalus,orPodo- FAMILY PODOCNEMIDIDAE COPE, 1868b cnemis, and are more similar to bothremy- cf. Erymnochelys dids in this feature. In bothremydids similar to FMNH PR 2231 (i.e., Cearachelys and SPECIMEN: FMNH PR 2231; a nearly com- Kurmademys), the inner margin of the tritu- plete lower jaw, lacking the anteriormost tip rating surface is slightly S-shaped, while in 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3397 Fig. 1. Photographs of the lower jaw of cf. Erymnochelys, FMNH PR 2231. A, Dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, anterior view; D, right lateral view; E, medial view of right jaw; and F, medial view of left jaw.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A New Xinjiangchelyid Turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the Evolution of the Basipterygoid Process in Mesozoic Turtles Rabi Et Al
    A new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the evolution of the basipterygoid process in Mesozoic turtles Rabi et al. Rabi et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:203 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/203 Rabi et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:203 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/203 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access A new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Middle Jurassic of Xinjiang, China and the evolution of the basipterygoid process in Mesozoic turtles Márton Rabi1,2*, Chang-Fu Zhou3, Oliver Wings4, Sun Ge3 and Walter G Joyce1,5 Abstract Background: Most turtles from the Middle and Late Jurassic of Asia are referred to the newly defined clade Xinjiangchelyidae, a group of mostly shell-based, generalized, small to mid-sized aquatic froms that are widely considered to represent the stem lineage of Cryptodira. Xinjiangchelyids provide us with great insights into the plesiomorphic anatomy of crown-cryptodires, the most diverse group of living turtles, and they are particularly relevant for understanding the origin and early divergence of the primary clades of extant turtles. Results: Exceptionally complete new xinjiangchelyid material from the ?Qigu Formation of the Turpan Basin (Xinjiang Autonomous Province, China) provides new insights into the anatomy of this group and is assigned to Xinjiangchelys wusu n. sp. A phylogenetic analysis places Xinjiangchelys wusu n. sp. in a monophyletic polytomy with other xinjiangchelyids, including Xinjiangchelys junggarensis, X. radiplicatoides, X. levensis and X. latiens. However, the analysis supports the unorthodox, though tentative placement of xinjiangchelyids and sinemydids outside of crown-group Testudines. A particularly interesting new observation is that the skull of this xinjiangchelyid retains such primitive features as a reduced interpterygoid vacuity and basipterygoid processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting Character Variation in Turtles: [I]Araripemys Barretoi
    A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 29 September 2020. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/9840), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Limaverde S, Pêgas RV, Damasceno R, Villa C, Oliveira GR, Bonde N, Leal MEC. 2020. Interpreting character variation in turtles: Araripemys barretoi (Pleurodira: Pelomedusoides) from the Araripe Basin, Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Brazil. PeerJ 8:e9840 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9840 Interpreting character variation in turtles: Araripemys barretoi (Pleurodira: Pelomedusoides) from the Araripe Basin, Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Brazil Saulo Limaverde 1 , Rodrigo Vargas Pêgas 2 , Rafael Damasceno 3 , Chiara Villa 4 , Gustavo Oliveira 3 , Niels Bonde 5, 6 , Maria E. C. Leal Corresp. 1, 5 1 Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil 2 Department of Geology and Paleontology, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil 4 Department of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark 5 Section Biosystematics, Zoological Museum (SNM, Copenhagen University), Copenhagen, Denmark 6 Fur Museum (Museum Saling), Fur, DK-7884, Denmark Corresponding Author: Maria E. C. Leal Email address: [email protected] The Araripe Basin (Northeastern Brazil) has yielded a rich Cretaceous fossil fauna of both vertebrates and invertebrates found mainly in the Crato and Romualdo Formations, of Aptian and Albian ages respectively. Among the vertebrates, the turtles were proved quite diverse, with several specimens retrieved and five valid species described to this date for the Romualdo Fm.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Vol. 33, No. 3
    1. , F -6 ~.: 1/JJ/im--3'PT* JL* iLLLZW 1- : s . &, , I ' 4% Or *-* 0 4 Z 0 8 of the FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM Biological Sciences Volume 33 1988 Number 3 REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES OF SYMPATRIC FRESHWATER EMYDID TURTLES IN NORTHERN PENINSULAR FLORIDA Dale R. Jackson 3-C p . i ... h¢ 4 f .6/ I Se 4 .¢,$ I - - 64». 4 +Ay. 9.H>« UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE Numbers of the BULLETIN OF TIIE FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, are published at irregular intervals. Volumes contain about 300 pages and,are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. S. DAVID WEBB, Editor OLIVER L. AUSTIN, JR., Editor Bile,ints RHODA J. BRYANT, Managing Editor Communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publications and all manuscripts should be addressed to: Managing Editor, Bulletin; Florida State Museum; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611; U.S.A. This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $2003.53 or $2.000 per copy. It makes available to libraries, scholars, and all interested persons the results of researches in the natural sciences, emphasizing the circum- Caribbean region. ISSN: 0071-6154 CODEN: BFSBAS Publication date: 8/27 Price: $2.00 REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES OF SYMPATRIC FRESHWATER EMYDID TURTLES IN NORTHERN PENINSULAR FLORIDA Dale R. Jackson Frontispiece. Alligator nest on Payne's Prairie, Alachua County, Florida, opened to expose seven clutches of Psmdenzys nelsoni eggs and one clutch of Trioi,br ferox eggs (far lower right) surrounding the central clutch of alligator eggs. Most of the alligator eggs had been destroyed earlier by raccoons. REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES OF SYMPATRIC FRESHWATER EMYDID TURTLES IN NORTHERN PENINSULAR FLORIDA Dale R.
    [Show full text]
  • Carettochelys Insculpta) in the KIKORI REGION, PAPUA NEW GUINEA
    NESTING ECOLOGY, HARVEST AND CONSERVATION OF THE PIG-NOSED TURTLE (Carettochelys insculpta) IN THE KIKORI REGION, PAPUA NEW GUINEA by CARLA CAMILO EISEMBERG DE ALVARENGA B.Sc. (Federal University of Minas Gerais – UFMG) (2004) M.Sc. (National Institute for Amazon Research) (2006) Institute for Applied Ecology University of Canberra Australia A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Canberra. October 2010 Certificate of Authorship of Thesis Except where clearly acknowledged in footnotes, quotations and the bibliography, I certify that I am the sole author of the thesis submitted today, entitled Nesting ecology, harvest and conservation of the Pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kikori region, Papua New Guinea I further certify that to the best of my knowledge the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text of the thesis. The material in the thesis has not been the basis of an award of any other degree or diploma.The thesis complies with University requirements for a thesis as set out in Gold Book Part 7: Examination of Higher Degree by Research Theses Policy, Schedule Two (S2). …………………………………………… Signature of Candidate .......................................................................... Signature of chair of the supervisory panel ………15-Mar-11…………………….. Date Copyright This thesis (© by Carla C. Eisemberg, 2010) may be freely copied or distributed for private and/or commercial use and study. However, no part of this thesis or the information herein may be included in a publication or referred to in a publication without the written consent of Carla C.
    [Show full text]
  • Movement and Habitat Use of Australias Largest Snakenecked Turtle
    bs_bs_bannerJournal of Zoology Journal of Zoology. Print ISSN 0952-8369 Movement and habitat use of Australia’s largest snake-necked turtle: implications for water management D. S. Bower1*, M. Hutchinson2 & A. Georges1 1 Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia 2 South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA, Australia Keywords Abstract freshwater; radio-telemetry; home range; weir; tortoise; river; sex differences. Hydrological regimes strongly influence ecological processes in river basins. Yet, the impacts of management regimes are unknown for many freshwater taxa in Correspondence highly regulated rivers. We used radio-telemetry to monitor the movement and Deborah S. Bower, School of Environmental activity of broad-shelled river turtles Chelodina expansa to infer the impact of and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, current water management practices on turtles in Australia’s most regulated river Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. – the Murray River. We radio-tracked C. expansa to (1) measure the range span Tel: +61 02 49212045; and examine the effect of sex, size and habitat type on turtle movement, and (2) Fax: +61 02 49 216923 examine habitat use within the river channel and its associated backwaters. C. Email: [email protected] expansa occupied all macro habitats in the river (main channel, backwater, swamp and connecting inlets). Within these habitats, females occupied discrete home *Present address: School of Environmental ranges, whereas males moved up to 25 km. The extensive movement of male and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, turtles suggests that weirs and other aquatic barriers may interfere with movement Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. and dispersal. Turtles regularly move between backwaters and the main river channel, which highlights the likely disturbance from backwater detachment, a Editor: Virginia Hayssen water saving practice in the lower Murray River.
    [Show full text]
  • Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelusios and Pelomedusa)
    Zoologica Scripta Molecular phylogeny of African hinged and helmeted terrapins (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelusios and Pelomedusa) UWE FRITZ,WILLIAM R. BRANCH,MARGARETHA D. HOFMEYR,JE´ ROˆ ME MARAN,HYNEK PROKOP, ALFRED SCHLEICHER,PAVEL Sˇ IROKY´ ,HEIKO STUCKAS,MARIO VARGAS-RAMI´REZ,MIGUEL VENCES & ANNA K. HUNDSDO¨ RFER Submitted: 15 August 2010 Fritz, U., Branch, W. R., Hofmeyr, M. D., Maran, J., Prokop, H., Schleicher, A., Sˇ iroky´, Accepted: 22 October 2010 P., Stuckas, H., Vargas-Ramı´rez, M., Vences, M. & Hundsdo¨rfer, A. K. (2010). Molecular doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00464.x phylogeny of African hinged and helmeted terrapins (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelusios and Pelomedusa). — Zoologica Scripta, 00, 000–000. With 18 currently recognised species, Pelusios is one of the most speciose chelonian genera worldwide, even though the taxonomy of some species is contentious. Recent investigations suggested that the closely related, but morphologically distinct genus Pelomedusa is para- phyletic with respect to Pelusios, and that Pelomedusa consists of nine deeply divergent lin- eages. Using three mitochondrial and three nuclear DNA fragments (2054 bp mtDNA, 2025 bp nDNA), we examined for the first time the phylogeny of Pelusios by molecular means. Our analyses included all Pelusios species, except the probably extinct P. seychellensis, as well as the nine Pelomedusa lineages. The results showed that Pelusios and Pelomedusa are reciprocally monophyletic. Limited sampling of Pelusios species and homoplasy introduced by remote outgroups most likely explain the paraphyly of Pelomedusa in previous studies. The distinctiveness of most Pelusios species was confirmed, but none of the currently recognised species groups within Pelusios was monophyletic.
    [Show full text]
  • Demographic Consequences of Superabundance in Krefft's River
    i The comparative ecology of Krefft’s River Turtle Emydura krefftii in Tropical North Queensland. By Dane F. Trembath B.Sc. (Zoology) Applied Ecology Research Group University of Canberra ACT, 2601 Australia A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Applied Science (Resource Management). August 2005. ii Abstract An ecological study was undertaken on four populations of Krefft’s River Turtle Emydura krefftii inhabiting the Townsville Area of Tropical North Queensland. Two sites were located in the Ross River, which runs through the urban areas of Townsville, and two sites were in rural areas at Alligator Creek and Stuart Creek (known as the Townsville Creeks). Earlier studies of the populations in Ross River had determined that the turtles existed at an exceptionally high density, that is, they were superabundant, and so the Townsville Creek sites were chosen as low abundance sites for comparison. The first aim of this study was to determine if there had been any demographic consequences caused by the abundance of turtle populations of the Ross River. Secondly, the project aimed to determine if the impoundments in the Ross River had affected the freshwater turtle fauna. Specifically this study aimed to determine if there were any difference between the growth, size at maturity, sexual dimorphism, size distribution, and diet of Emydura krefftii inhabiting two very different populations. A mark-recapture program estimated the turtle population sizes at between 490 and 5350 turtles per hectare. Most populations exhibited a predominant female sex-bias over the sampling period. Growth rates were rapid in juveniles but slowed once sexual maturity was attained; in males, growth basically stopped at maturity, but in females, growth continued post-maturity, although at a slower rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Membros Da Comissão Julgadora Da Dissertação
    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, CIÊNCIAS E LETRAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles Evolução da forma do crânio em tartarugas extintas e viventes Guilherme Hermanson Souza Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, obtido no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Comparada Ribeirão Preto - SP 2021 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, CIÊNCIAS E LETRAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA COMPARADA Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles Evolução da forma do crânio em tartarugas extintas e viventes Guilherme Hermanson Souza Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências, obtido no Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Comparada. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Max Cardoso Langer Ribeirão Preto - SP 2021 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. I authorise the reproduction and total or partial disclosure of this work, via any conventional or electronic medium, for aims of study and research, with the condition that the source is cited. FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Hermanson, Guilherme Evolution of the skull shape in extinct and extant turtles, 2021. 132 páginas. Dissertação de Mestrado, apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto/USP – Área de concentração: Biologia Comparada.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Snake-Necked Turtle
    Husbandry Manual for Eastern Snake-Necked Turtle Chelodina longicollis Reptilia: Chelidae Image Courtesy of Jacki Salkeld Author: Brendan Mark Host Date of Preparation: 04/06/06 Western Sydney Institute of TAFE - Richmond Course Name and Number: 1068 Certificate 3 - Captive Animals Lecturers: Graeme Phipps/Andrew Titmuss/ Jacki Salkeld CONTENTS 1. Introduction 4 2. Taxonomy 5 2.1 Nomenclature 5 2.2 Subspecies 5 2.3 Synonyms 5 2.4 Other Common Names 5 3. Natural History 6 3.1 Morphometrics 6 3.1.1 Mass and Basic Body Measurements 6 3.1.2 Sexual Dimorphism 6 3.1.3 Distinguishing Features 7 3.2 Distribution and Habitat 7 3.3 Conservation Status 8 3.4 Diet in the Wild 8 3.5 Longevity 8 3.5.1 In the Wild 8 3.5.2 In Captivity 8 3.5.3 Techniques Used to Determine Age in Adults 9 4. Housing Requirements 10 4.1 Exhibit/Enclosure Design 10 4.2 Holding Area Design 10 4.3 Spatial Requirements 11 4.4 Position of Enclosures 11 4.5 Weather Protection 11 4.6 Temperature Requirements 12 4.7 Substrate 12 4.8 Nestboxes and/or Bedding Material 12 4.9 Enclosure Furnishings 12 5. General Husbandry 13 5.1 Hygiene and Cleaning 13 5.2 Record Keeping 13 5.3 Methods of Identification 13 5.4 Routine Data Collection 13 6. Feeding Requirements 14 6.1 Captive Diet 14 6.2 Supplements 15 6.3 Presentation of Food 15 1 7. Handling and Transport 16 7.1 Timing of Capture and Handling 16 7.2 Capture and Restraint Techniques 16 7.3 Weighing and Examination 17 7.4 Release 17 7.5 Transport Requirements 18 7.5.1 Box Design 18 7.5.2 Furnishings 19 7.5.3 Water and Food 19 7.5.4 Animals Per Box 19 7.5.5 Timing of Transportation 19 7.5.6 Release from Box 19 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Nacional Del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche
    Universidad Nacional del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche Título de la Tesis Microanatomía y osteohistología del caparazón de los Testudinata del Mesozoico y Cenozoico de Argentina: Aspectos sistemáticos y paleoecológicos implicados Trabajo de Tesis para optar al Título de Doctor en Biología Tesista: Lic. en Ciencias Biológicas Juan Marcos Jannello Director: Dr. Ignacio A. Cerda Co-director: Dr. Marcelo S. de la Fuente 2018 Tesis Doctoral UNCo J. Marcos Jannello 2018 Resumen Las inusuales estructuras óseas observadas entre los vertebrados, como el cuello largo de la jirafa o el cráneo en forma de T del tiburón martillo, han interesado a los científicos desde hace mucho tiempo. Uno de estos casos es el clado Testudinata el cual representa uno de los grupos más fascinantes y enigmáticos conocidos entre de los amniotas. Su inconfundible plan corporal, que ha persistido desde el Triásico tardío hasta la actualidad, se caracteriza por la presencia del caparazón, el cual encierra a las cinturas, tanto pectoral como pélvica, dentro de la caja torácica desarrollada. Esta estructura les ha permitido a las tortugas adaptarse con éxito a diversos ambientes (por ejemplo, terrestres, acuáticos continentales, marinos costeros e incluso marinos pelágicos). Su capacidad para habitar diferentes nichos ecológicos, su importante diversidad taxonómica y su plan corporal particular hacen de los Testudinata un modelo de estudio muy atrayente dentro de los vertebrados. Una disciplina que ha demostrado ser una herramienta muy importante para abordar varios temas relacionados al caparazón de las tortugas, es la paleohistología. Esta disciplina se ha involucrado en temas diversos tales como el origen del caparazón, el origen del desarrollo y mantenimiento de la ornamentación, la paleoecología y la sistemática.
    [Show full text]
  • An Early Bothremydid from the Arlington Archosaur Site of Texas Brent Adrian1*, Heather F
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN An early bothremydid from the Arlington Archosaur Site of Texas Brent Adrian1*, Heather F. Smith1, Christopher R. Noto2 & Aryeh Grossman1 Four turtle taxa are previously documented from the Cenomanian Arlington Archosaur Site (AAS) of the Lewisville Formation (Woodbine Group) in Texas. Herein, we describe a new side-necked turtle (Pleurodira), Pleurochayah appalachius gen. et sp. nov., which is a basal member of the Bothremydidae. Pleurochayah appalachius gen. et sp. nov. shares synapomorphic characters with other bothremydids, including shared traits with Kurmademydini and Cearachelyini, but has a unique combination of skull and shell traits. The new taxon is signifcant because it is the oldest crown pleurodiran turtle from North America and Laurasia, predating bothremynines Algorachelus peregrinus and Paiutemys tibert from Europe and North America respectively. This discovery also documents the oldest evidence of dispersal of crown Pleurodira from Gondwana to Laurasia. Pleurochayah appalachius gen. et sp. nov. is compared to previously described fossil pleurodires, placed in a modifed phylogenetic analysis of pelomedusoid turtles, and discussed in the context of pleurodiran distribution in the mid-Cretaceous. Its unique combination of characters demonstrates marine adaptation and dispersal capability among basal bothremydids. Pleurodira, colloquially known as “side-necked” turtles, form one of two major clades of turtles known from the Early Cretaceous to present 1,2. Pleurodires are Gondwanan in origin, with the oldest unambiguous crown pleurodire dated to the Barremian in the Early Cretaceous2. Pleurodiran fossils typically come from relatively warm regions, and have a more limited distribution than Cryptodira (hidden-neck turtles)3–6. Living pleurodires are restricted to tropical regions once belonging to Gondwana 7,8.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Distribution Patterns of South American Side-Necked Turtles (Chelidae), with Emphasis on Brazilian Species
    Rev. Esp. Herp. (2005) 19:33-46 Geographical distribution patterns of South American side-necked turtles (Chelidae), with emphasis on Brazilian species FRANCO LEANDRO SOUZA Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The Chelidae (side-necked turtles) are the richest and most widespread turtle family in South America with endemic patterns at the species level related to water basins. Based on available literature records, the geographic distribution of the 22 recognized chelid species from South America was examined in relation to water basins and for the 19 Brazilian species also in light of climate and habitat characteristics. Species-distribution maps were used to identify species richness in a given area. Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was employed to verify the species-areas similarities and relationships among the species. For Brazilian species, annual rainfall in each water basin explained 81% of variation in turtle distribution and at a regional scale (country-wide) temperature also influenced their distribution. While rainfall had a significant positive relationship with species number in a given area, a negative but non-significant relationship was identified for temperature. Excepting an unresolved clade formed by some northern water basins, well-defined northern-northeastern and central-south groups (as identified for water basins) as well as biome differentiation give support to a hypothesis of a freshwater turtle fauna regionalization. Also, a more general biogeographical pattern is evidenced by those Brazilian species living in open or closed formations.
    [Show full text]