Eritrea-Ethiopia Arbitration
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Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration Andintegration
Post-Colonial Journeys: Historical Roots of Immigration andIntegration DYLAN RILEY AND REBECCA JEAN EMIGH* ABSTRACT The effect ofItalian colonialismon migration to Italy differedaccording to the pre-colonialsocial structure, afactor previouslyneglected byimmigration theories. In Eritrea,pre- colonialChristianity, sharp class distinctions,and a strong state promotedinteraction between colonizers andcolonized. Eritrean nationalismemerged against Ethiopia; thus, nosharp breakbetween Eritreans andItalians emerged.Two outgrowths ofcolonialism, the Eritrean nationalmovement andreligious ties,facilitate immigration and integration. In contrast, in Somalia,there was nostrong state, few class differences, the dominantreligion was Islam, andnationalists opposed Italian rule.Consequently, Somali developed few institutionalties to colonialauthorities and few institutionsprovided resources to immigrants.Thus, Somaliimmigrants are few andare not well integratedinto Italian society. * Direct allcorrespondence to Rebecca Jean Emigh, Department ofSociology, 264 HainesHall, Box 951551,Los Angeles, CA 90095-1551;e-mail: [email protected]. ucla.edu.We would like to thank Caroline Brettell, RogerWaldinger, and Roy Pateman for their helpfulcomments. ChaseLangford made the map.A versionof this paperwas presentedat the Tenth International Conference ofEuropeanists,March 1996.Grants from the Center forGerman andEuropean Studies at the University ofCalifornia,Berkeley and the UCLA FacultySenate supported this research. ComparativeSociology, Volume 1,issue 2 -
The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961) Nikolaos Biziouras Published Online: 14 Apr 2013
This article was downloaded by: [US Naval Academy] On: 25 June 2013, At: 06:09 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Journal of the Middle East and Africa Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujme20 The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961) Nikolaos Biziouras Published online: 14 Apr 2013. To cite this article: Nikolaos Biziouras (2013): The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961), The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 4:1, 21-46 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2013.771419 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection -
The Export Processing Zone at Massawa Port
Eritrea as a gateway for investments in Africa: the Export Processing Zone at Massawa port. Candidate number: 8003 Submission deadline: 15/05/2014 Number of words: 17216 Table of contents Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................4 1.1 The rationale: reasons for the study.................................................................................5 1.2 Research questions...........................................................................................................6 1.3 Research objectives..........................................................................................................7 2 METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................................8 2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................8 2.2 Research paradigms: positivism, interpretivism, critical post-modernism and pragmatism...................................................................................................................8 2.3 Paradigm adopted in this study: critical post-modernism..............................................10 2.4 Research methodology: quantitative and qualitative approaches...................................11 2.5 Research design: an exploratory/descriptive case study................................................12 2.6 Data sources...................................................................................................................13 -
Ethiopia and Eritrea: Border War Sandra F
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Richmond University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Political Science Faculty Publications Political Science 2000 Ethiopia and Eritrea: Border War Sandra F. Joireman University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/polisci-faculty-publications Part of the African Studies Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Joireman, Sandra F. "Ethiopia and Eritrea: Border War." In History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide, edited by Sonia G. Benson, Nancy Matuszak, and Meghan Appel O'Meara, 1-11. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ethiopia and Eritrea: Border War History Behind the Headlines, 2001 The Conflict The war between Ethiopia and Eritrea—two of the poorest countries in the world— began in 1998. Eritrea was once part of the Ethiopian empire, but it was colonized by Italy from 1869 to 1941. Following Italy's defeat in World War II, the United Nations determined that Eritrea would become part of Ethiopia, though Eritrea would maintain a great deal of autonomy. In 1961 Ethiopia removed Eritrea's independence, and Eritrea became just another Ethiopian province. In 1991 following a revolution in Ethiopia, Eritrea gained its independence. However, the borders between Ethiopia and Eritrea had never been clearly marked. -
UN/US Sanctions on Eritrea: Latest Chapter in a Long History of Injustice
600 L St., NW, Suite 200 | Washington, DC 20001 | www.eritrean-smart.org | INFO@ Eritrean-Smart.org UUNN//UUSS SSaannccttiioonnss oonn EErriittrreeaa:: LLaatteesstt CChhaapptteerr iinn aa LLoonngg HHiissttoorryy ooff IInnjjuussttiiccee Eritrean-SMART Campaign Working Paper No. 2 By the E-SMART Research Team December 23, 2010 http://www.eritrean-smart.org Support our Worldwide E-SMART Campaign Eritrean Sanctions Must be Annulled and Repealed Today! Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Part I: A HISTORY OF BETRAYALS ............................................................................................................. 6 Denial of Right to Self‐Determination and Independence ........................................................................... 6 A Sham Federal Arrangement ...................................................................................................................... 7 OAU’s Refusal to Address the Plight of the Eritrean People ........................................................................ 8 U.S. Support of Ethiopia during Eritrea’s War of Independence .................................................................. 8 Efforts to Make Eritreans Settle for Something Short of Independence .................................................... -
The Ethiopia-Eritrea Rapprochement : Peace and Stability in the Horn Of
ETHIOPIA–ERITREA RAPPROCHEMENT: RAPPROCHEMENT: ETHIOPIA–ERITREA THE RECENT RAPPROCHEMENT between Ethiopia and Eritrea has fundamentally reshaped the relation- ship between the two countries. The impact of the resolution of the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict goes beyond the borders of the two countries, and has indeed AFRICA THE HORN OF IN AND STABILITY PEACE brought fundamental change to the region. Full diplo- The Ethiopia-Eritrea matic relations have been restored between Eritrea and Peace and Stability Somalia; and the leaders of Eritrea and Djibouti have met in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The central question the Rapprochement in the Horn of Africa book attempts to address is: what factors led to the resolution of a festering conflict? The book explains and analyses the rapprochement, which it argues was made possible by the maturing of objective and sub- jective conditions in Ethiopia and by the trust factor in Eritrea. REDIE BEREKETEAB is a Senior Researcher and Associate Professor in Sociology at the Nordic Africa Institute in Uppsala, Sweden. His main field of research is conflict and state building in the Horn of Africa, and the regional economic communities (RECs) and peace building in Africa. REDIE BEREKETEAB ISBN 9789171068491 90000 > Policy Dialogue No. 13 Redie Bereketeab 9 789171 068491 POLICY DIALOGUE No. 13 THE ETHIOPIA-ERITREA RAPPROCHEMENT Peace and Stability in the Horn of Africa Author Redie Bereketeab NORDISKA AFRIKAINSITUTET The Nordic Africa Institute UPPSALA 2019 INDEXING TERMS: Ethiopia Eritrea Foreign relations Regional cooperation Regional integration Dispute settlement Political development Peacebuilding Reconciliation The Ethiopia-Eritrea Rapprochement: Peace and Stability in the Horn of Africa Author: Redie Bereketeab ISBN 978-91-7106-849-1 print ISBN 978-91-7106-850-7 pdf © 2019 The author and the Nordic Africa Institute Layout: Henrik Alfredsson, The Nordic Africa Institute and Marianne Engblom, Ateljé Idé. -
The Binding Dilemma: from Bakassi to Badme - Making States Comply with Territorial Decisions of International Judicial Bodies
American University International Law Review Volume 19 | Issue 3 Article 4 2003 The indinB g Dilemma: From Bakassi to Badme - Making States Comply with Territorial Decisions of International Judicial Bodies Nejib Jibril Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Jibril, Nejib. "The indB ing Dilemma: From Bakassi to Badme - Making States Comply with Territorial Decisions of International Judicial Bodies." American University International Law Review 19, no. 3 (2003): 633-677. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BINDING DILEMMA: FROM BAKASSI TO BADME - MAKING STATES COMPLY WITH TERRITORIAL DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL BODIES NEJIB JIBRIL IN TRO D U CTION ............................................... 634 I. BA CK GROU N D .............................................. 638 A. THE ETHIO-ERITREAN AND NIGERIA-CAMEROON BORDER DISPUTES AND THEIR SUBMISSION TO THE RESPECTIVE C OU RTS .................................................. 638 1. The Ethio-Eritrean War and the Algiers Peace A greem ent ............................................ 638 2. Nigeria and Cameroon'sBorder Dispute and ICJ Compulsory Jurisdiction .............................. 641 B. DIFFERENCE IN FORUM - COURTS OF ARBITRATION AND THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ....................... 644 1. Similarities and Differences Between the ICJ and the EE B C ................................................ 644 2. The EEBC's Decision Concerning the Ethiopia-Eritrean Dispute and its Rationale ............................ -
D:\My Documents\Decision Er-Eth Print.Wpd
Map 1 CHAPTER II – SUBSTANTIVE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II – SUBSTANTIVE INTRODUCTION 2.1 The present Decision will be developed in eight Chapters. 2.2 Following this substantive introduction, the Commission will, in Chapter III, present its understanding of its task and of the law to be applied to it. 2.3 In Chapters IV, V and VI, the Commission will examine the border in the three sectors – central, western and eastern – corresponding to the portions initially defined by the three Treaties of 1900, 1902 and 1908 respectively. 2.4 Chapter VII will consider the question of the boundary within the relevant rivers. 2.5 Lastly, Chapter VIII will contain the Dispositif of the present Decision. A. BACKGROUND 2.6 There is little need to present any detailed account of the history of the Parties or their relations outside the events that are immediately relevant to the issues before the Commission and which will be treated at appropriate points in this Decision. However, a few introductory historical notes are in order. 2.7 Ethiopia has for long been an independent member of the international community. Apart from the period following its annexation by Italy in 1935 (see below), there has been no relevant discontinuity or change in its status. The position of Eritrea is different. Prior to the 1880s, large parts of it had been subject to Ottoman and Egyptian authority. During that decade, Italy began to assert a colonial presence in the region, first at the Red Sea port of Assab and in 1885 at Massawa. Subsequent Italian attempts to expand its control inland were successfully resisted by Ethiopian forces. -