A New Species of Frog from the Sierra Maestra, Cuba (Leptodactylidae,Eleutherodactylus)
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BLAIRHEDGES2'3 'Instituto de InvestigacionesForestales, Apartado Postal 5152, La Habana5, CP 10500 Cuba 2Departmentof Biology,208 Mueller Laboratory,Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, USA ABSTRACT.-A new species of Eleutherodactylusis described from the upper elevations of the Sierra Maestrain eastern Cuba. It is a common and widespread species that calls from arborealsites and is very similar, morphologically,to the common lowland species E. auriculatus.However, the two species occur sympatricallyat intermediateelevations in the SierraMaestra and have distinctive calls. During an expedition to Pico Turquino in the elevation,we found that the calls of the upland Sierra Maestra of eastern Cuba in August, 1989, forms did not change significantly.Moreover, we encountered two common species of frogs we discovereda zone of sympatrybetween the on vegetation along trails and in the forests of upland forms and theirlowland counterpartsin the upper elevations. One was found almost ex- the vicinity of 800-1100 m elevation.Initially, clusively in bromeliads, and the other occurred our recordings and collection data were more low on bushes and other vegetation. The calls extensive for the bromeliad-dwellingspecies, of both upland forms were similar to their low- which we described as E. melacara(Hedges et land counterparts, Eleutherodactylusionthus and al., 1992).Since then, we have made additional E. auriculatus, respectively, but differed in sig- collectionsof the other upland form elsewhere nificant ways. However, because such differ- in the Sierra Maestra, and describe that new ences might be attributed to elevation (and tem- species here. perature), we made a nocturnal descent of Pico Turquino in order to hear and record calls emit- MATERIALS AND METHODS ted at different elevations. As we decreased in The following abbreviationsare used: SVL, snout-vent length; HL, head length; HW, head 3 Address for correspondenceand reprints.E-mail: width; TYM,tympanum width; EL, eye length; [email protected]. EN, eye-naris distance; IOD, interorbitaldis- NEW CUBAN FROG 365 FIG. 1. Eleutherodactylusglamyrus from Pico Real del Turquino,Municipio Guama, Santiagode Cuba Prov- ince, 1974 m. tance; THL, thigh length; SHL, shank length; Buey Arriba, Granma Province, 1375 m; USNM and FTW, fingertip (III width). Museum abbre- 509044, El Joaquin, Municipio Bartolome Mas6, viations follow standardized usage (Leviton et Granma Province, 1300-1400 m; USNM 509043, al., 1985), except for MNHNCU, which refers to 1.4 km N Minas del Frio, Municipio Bartolome the collection of the Museo Nacional de Historia Mas6, Granma Province, 845 m; MNHNCU 112, Natural, Havana, Cuba; CZACC, Zoological 118, 120, 126, 131, 133, 139, 157, 159-61, USNM Collection from Instituto de Ecologia y Siste- 509049-51, Pico Real del Turquino, Municipio matica, Havana, Cuba; and CARE, Collection of Guama, Santiago de Cuba Province, 1974 m; Alberto R. Estrada, Havana Cuba. USNM 509052, Estribo Turquino, Municipio Measurements were taken with calipers (0.01 Guama, Santiago de Cuba Province, 1770 m; mm accuracy) and an ocular micrometer. Calls MNHNCU 616, USNM 509045-48, Pico Cuba, were recorded with a Sony Walkman Profes- Municipio Guama, Santiago de Cuba Prov., 1720 sional cassette recorder and WM-D3 with elec- m; MNHNCU 124, 162, Loma Redonda (near tret condenser stereo microphone PC-62. The Pico Cuba), Municipio Guama, Santiago de signal analyses were made with the use of Ca- Cuba Province, 1700 m; MNHNCU 134, 656-8, nary software (Corell University). Terminology near La Emajagua, Municipio Guama, Province, for call parameters follows Duellman and Trueb 850 m. (1986). Diagnosis.-Eleutherodactylus glamyrus is a small member of subgenus on new Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylusglamyrus, species Cuba (16.6-20.0 mm SVL males; 18.8-24.1 SVL 1 Fig. females) having a short and rounded left lobe Holotype.-MNHNCU 660, an adult male of the liver, short vomerine odontophores, are- from Pino del Agua Arriba, Sierra Maestra, olate venter, external submandibular vocal sac, Municipio Guisa, Granma Province, Cuba, 1200 and enlarged digital pads. It is most closely re- m, collected by Alberto R. Estrada on 29 April lated to E. auriculatus, with which it shares a 1993 (original number CARE 858). small body size, general body shape, and a sin- Paratypes.-CARE 859-62, 878-82, paratopo- gle note call that is repeated continuously. It dif- types, same collecting data as holotype; CARE fers from that species in having a yellow vocal 866-67, Estribo N, Pico La Bayamesa, Sierra sac (in males) rather than brown and a call with Maestra, Municipio Guisa, Granma Province, a lower mean dominant frequency (3.21-3.30 1600 m; USNM 509042, Pico Botella, Municipio kHz in E. glamyrus versus 3.78-3.86 kHz in E. 366 A. ESTRADA AND B. HEDGES auriculatus),longer note duration (79.4-94.8 mS legs are held at right angles to sagittal plane; in E. glamyrus versus 7.3-8.9 mS in E. auricula- liver shape "auriculatus-type"(Hedges, 1989b). tus), and slower call rate (67.6-78.6 calls/min in In life, dorsal ground color brown-coppery E. glamyrus versus 229-276 calls/min in E. au- delimited by two dorsolateral discontinuous riculatus).Additionally (although not completely black lines that follow dorsolateralfolds; a faint diagnostic), E. glamyrus typically is mottled in brown interocularbar or triangle; head color yellows and greens (dorsally) and has a white light brown; eyelids greenish-gray;white mid- venter, whereas E. auriculatustends to be more dorsal hair line extending from snout to vent, uniformly brown and tan, with brown ventral where it forks and continues onto each thigh stippling. along the ventral face of shank; brown X (dif- Description.-Head as wide as body, width fuse or absent in some animals)behind intero- greater than length; snout acuminate in dorsal cular bar; loreals brown-copperywith a black view, subacuminate in lateral view, overhanging stripe from snout to supratympanicfold (inter- lower jaw; nostrils strongly protuberant, direct- rupted on eyes);upper lip greenish-brownwith ed laterally; canthus rostralis moderately sharp, black spots, lower yellowish-brownwith black slightly concave in dorsal view; loreal region spots; tubercles below tympanum golden yel- concave, sloping abruptly; lips not flared; upper low; lateralground color yellowish with brown eyelid bearing several rounded tubercles; inter- and blackmarkings; vent black-bordered;thighs orbital space without tubercles; supratympanic dark brown, with three light cross bars;shank fold well defined, concealed upper edge of tym- brown with two cross bars; forearms brown panic annulus; tympanum small, rounded, sep- with two yellow cross bars; arms yellow; vocal arated from eye by a distance more than its own sac yellow, with scatteredbrown spots in some diameter; two or three small, subconical, postr- animals;venter whitish-translucent. ical tubercles; choanae moderate-sized, oval, Measurements.-The mean (+1 SE) and range partially concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary (in parentheses)of 21 adult males and six adult arch when roof of mouth is viewed from below; females are (in mm): SVL 18.7 + 0.22 males, vomerine odontophores posterior to choanae, (16.6-20.0),21.7 + 0.78 females (18.8-24.1);HL each about the same size as a choana, separated 6.7 + 0.06 males (6.2-7.4);8.2 + 0.41 females, widely at midline; tongue longer than wide, (6.4-9.3); HW 7.7 + 0.06 males, (7-8.1), 9.1 ? posterior edge with notch, posterior three- 0.35 females (7.7-10.4); TYM 1.01 ? 0.03 males fourths not adherent to floor of mouth; males (0.7-1.4), 1.3 ? 0.11 females (0.9-1.6); TYM-EYE with vocal slits; vocal sac median subgular. 1.02 ? 0.02 [11] males. (0.8-1.1), 0.8 [1] female; Skin of dorsum moderately tuberculate, with EYE 2.9 ? 0.07