Hemingway in Spain http://media - 2.web.britannica.com/eb - media/75/81975 - 004 - 952CB7B5.jpg The first Civil War trip - 1937

o May: returns to the U.S.A. via Paris. o June 4th: Speaks to an audience of 3,500 at the League of American Authors Congress in Carnegie Hall

Really good writers are always rewarded under almost any existing system of government that they can tolerate. There is only one form of government that cannot produce good writers, and that system is fascism. For fascism is a lie told by bullies. A writer who will not lie cannot live or work under fascism.

o June: Completes To Have and to Have Not. o July 8th: Goes to The White House for screening of The Spanish Earth to President Roosevelt o September: returns to Spain The second Civil War trip - 1937

o September: Tours Aragon front,

o December: Sees Loyalists take Teruel, enters city with victorious troops

o Fall: While staying in the Hotel Florida in Madrid, writes his play The Fifth Column

o returns to Florida One of a series of Hemingway photographs taken at the battle for Teruel Robert Capa (1913-1954) / Gelatin silver prints, 1937 Image courtesy Ernest Hemingway Collection, John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts Copyright Robert Capa Archives, ICP Martha Gellhorn 1908-1998 Unidentified photographer / Gelatin silver print, circa 1940 Image courtesy Ernest Hemingway Collection, John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts The third Civil War trip - 1938 o Late March: Returns to Spain o Covers Battle of the Ebro o They murder for two reasons: to destroy the morale of the Spanish people and to try the effect of their various bombs in preparation for he war that Italy and Germany expect to make.” o Hemingway dispatch to Pravda, July o May 31: Returns to U.S.A. o August: Goes back to Europe, stays in Paris with Martha Gellhorn o November: Continues to cover Battle of the Ebro o Returns to U.S.A.

Captain (later Major) Robert Hale Merriman, the highest-ranking American in the International Brigades, who was a model for Robert Jordan in For Whom the Bell Tolls, with Martha Gellhorn