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Palinostratigrafia Do Meso Cenozoico Da Bacia Do Acre

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Palinostratigrafia Do Meso Cenozoico Da Bacia Do Acre Nei Ahrens Haag Ahrens Nei ACRE ACRE CENOZOICO DA BACIA DO DO DA BACIA CENOZOICO - OCIDENTAL, BRASIL) OCIDENTAL, Nei Ahrens Haag PALINOSTRATIGRAFIA DO MESO-CENOZOICO DA BACIA DO ACRE (AMAZÔNIA SUL (AMAZÔNIA SUL (AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, BRASIL) Tese de Doutoramento em Geologia, Processos Geológicos, orientada pela Doutora Maria Helena Paiva Henriques e apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Terra da Faculdade de Ciências PALINOSTRATIGRAFIA DO MESO PALINOSTRATIGRAFIA e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra Abril de 2019 Nei Ahrens Haag PALINOSTRATIGRAFIA DO MESO-CENOZOICO DA BACIA DO ACRE (AMAZÔNIA SUL OCIDENTAL, BRASIL) Doutorado em Geologia – Geologia Processos Geológicos Orientadora: Doutora Maria Helena Paiva Henriques Abril, 2019 I·AGRADECIMENTOS I · AGRADECIMENTOS À Unversidade Federal do Acre, pela liberação para cursar o doutoramento; À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamente de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES, pela bolsa concedida; Ao Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Informação - MCTI, pelo apoio financeiro através do projeto: “Biocronoestratigrafia e paleoecologia com base no potencial fossilífero do Cretáceo-Neógeno da Bacia do Acre, Vale do Juruá, Amazônia sul ocidental”, processo nº 012000.001631/2010-32; Prfª. Drª. Maria Helena Paiva Henriques, docente e investigadora da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal, pelo excelente nível de orientação e dedicação à essa tese. Orientações à parte, nasceu uma grande amizade, que multiplicou amigos por toda Pensínsula Ibérica e outros países sul-americanos; Ao Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid - IGME, e ao amigo Dr. Eduardo Barrón, pela dedicação na análise palinológica; Ao Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia - LNEG, São Mamede de Infesta, Portugal pela preparação e confeccção das lâminas palinológicas, e à Drª. Zélia Pereira, pela amizade, atenção e dedicação, sempre acreditando nesse trabalho; À Drª. Karen Adami Rodrigues, amiga do meu coração, por estimular as pesquisas geológicas e paleontológicas na Amazônia e ao desenvolvimento físico e científico da UFAC - Campus Floresta; À Universidade Complutense de Madrid, Espanha, pela disponibilização do laboratório do Departamento de Paleontología; À Prfª. Drª. Maria Luiza Canales, docente e investigadora da Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Espanha, pelas aulas de micropaleontologia, por acreditar nesse trabalho, pela amizade e férias inesquecíveis em Madrid; ~ 3 ~ AGRADECIMENTOS · I À Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, pela disponibilização do Laboratório de Paleontologia; À Profª. Drª. Silane A. F. da Silva e ao grupo de alunos da UFMT, que tanto auxílio deram na identificação e classificação de palinomorfos; Ao Prof. Dr. Eduardo Aldo Musacchio “In memoriam”, da Universidad Nacional de la Patagónia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina, quem sugeriu um doutoramento em micropaleontologia, hoje concretizado; Ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal, por disponibilizar o laboratório de microscopia; Ao Prof. Dr. António Xavier Coutinho, docente e investigador do Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, pela atenção e amizade; Aos meus pais, Orlando Arthur Haag e Marlize C. Ahrens Haag “In memoriam”, pela oportunidade de aqui estar; Aos meus irmãos, pelo apoio moral; Ao amigo Edson Luís Marcon, todo o meu carinho; Ao amigo e colega Prof. Dr. Pierre André Garcia Pires (só nós é que sabemos tudo o que passamos para aqui chegarmos); À Amiga e colega MSc. Dalva Araújo Martins e sua família, pela recepção quando da minha chegada ao Acre, pelo carinho, pelas noites de insônia e aventuras acreanas; Aos colegas Dr. Gabriel de Alemar Barberes e MSc. Sílva Clara da Silva, pela grande amizade, pelos anos de convivência em Coimbra, paciência, ajudas informáticas e muito mais (moram no meu coração); Ao amigo e colega MSc. Jorge de Carvalho, pela grande ajuda na confecção dos mapas e perfis; ~ 4 ~ I · AGRADECIMENTOS Ao colega e conterrâneo MSc. Gustavo Garcia, pela amizade e ajudas informáticas; Ao sempre amigo Jorge Manuel dos Santos Baptista “In memoriam”, por sempre acreditar que eu conseguiria; e à sua família (minha família em Portugal), pela recepção, amizade, carinho, respeito, por tudo. E como não há espaço para maiores delongas, agradeço a todos aqueles que fazem parte da minha vida e que, de algum modo, contribuíram na realização desse trabalho, incluindo, aqui, meu maior agradecimento e respeito às leis que regem o universo. ~ 5 ~ II·RESUMO II · RESUMO Este trabalho reporta os principais resultados obtidos através da análise das associações palinológicas reconhecidas no registro estratigráfico de afloramentos de rochas Meso- Cenozoicas no sudoeste da Bacia do Acre, no Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor e no Vale do Juruá, e inclui o registro inédito de elementos marinhos no SW da Amazônia (Brasil) para aquele intervalo estratigráfico. As associações do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor foram coletadas nas formações Moa, Rio Azul e Divisor, e permitiram atribuir uma idade Cenomaniano para a primeira, Albiano superior-Maastrichtiano inferior para a segunda e Maastrichtiano inferior-Eocênico inferior para a última, todas baseadas em evidências palinológicas. Essas unidades foram relacionadas previamente a ambientes essencialmente flúvio-deltaicos; no entanto, a partir da análise da composição das associações palinológicas, em todas elas foi reconhecida uma grande abundância de elementos marinhos, nomeadamente de acritarcas, dinoflagelados e palinoforamíniferos, táxons já referidos em outras bacias do Domínio Tétisiano, que permitem fundamentar a existência de uma conexão entre aquele e o Pacífico, através do “Corredor Hispânico”, ativo desde o Jurássico inferior. A palinoflora reconhecida é muito semelhante àquela identificada na mesma faixa latitudinal durante o Cretácico (Albiano-Maastrichtiano) de outras regiões do globo, como Colômbia, Peru, Venezuela, Congo, Sudão, Sudão do Sul, Senegal, Gabão, Egito, Nigéria, Marrocos, Israel e Índia, e é indicadora de clima quente e úmido, com alguma aridez, combinando perfeitamente com o alcance palinológico do norte de Gondwana. Em relação ao Vale do Juruá, onde aflora a Formação Repouso, subjacente à Formação Solimões, as associações palinológiacas permitiram atribuir-lhe uma idade Oligocênico superior-Miocênico superior/Pliocênico inferior, persistindo a presença de elementos marinhos como acritarcas, dinoflagelados e escolecodontes, além de grande quantidade de algas e esporos. O registro de grupos de vertebrados extintos, típicos de ambientes aquáticos ou aquático/marinho ou úmido, representados por toxodontídeos, crocodilianos, quelônios (todos de grande porte), roedores e vários grupos de peixes, permitem inferir a existência de condições flúvio-deltaicas a marinhas ao longo do Neogênico na região sudoeste da Bacia do Acre. A palinoflora foi dominada por plantas aquáticas, pteridófitas, epífitas, lianas, gramíneas, arbustos e algumas ilhas de floresta, representadas por espécies arbóreas como Poaceae, Fabaceae, Cheirolepidiaceae, Arcaceae, Podocarpaceae, Bombacaceae, Ulmaceae, Euphorbiaceae, entre outras de médio e grande porte. Os palinomorfos e o registro de vertebrados sugerem que o clima ~ 9 ~ RESUMO · II no sudoeste da Amazônia, durante o Cretácico Superior até ao Miocênico Superior/Pliocênico inferior, seria quente e úmido, apresentando condições ecológicas muito diferentes daquelas hoje existentes, caracterizadas pela presença de vegetação densa, com grandes árvores cobrindo quase toda a região norte da América do Sul, onde muitos dos animais de grande porte, conhecidos no registro fóssil, não se poderiam deslocar. A Amazônia é a maior e a mais biodiversa floresta tropical no mundo; este estudo representa um contributo para a compreensão das origens e evolução da sua biodiversidade e geodiversidade atuais. Palavras-chave: Palinologia; Estratigrafia; Paleoecologia; Paleobiogeografia; Cretácico- Miocênico/Pliocênico inferior; Bacia do Acre; Amazônia; Brasil ~ 10 ~ III·ABSTRACT III · ABSTRACT This work reports the main results obtained through the analysis of the palynological assemblages recognized in the stratigraphic record of Meso-Cenozoic rocks outcropping in the southwest of the Acre Basin at the National Park of Serra do Divisor and at the Juruá Valley. They include the unpublished record of marine elements in the SW of the Amazon (Brazil) for that stratigraphic interval. Assemblages from the National Park of Serra do Divisor were collected at the Moa, Rio Azul e Divisor formations, and provided an Cenomanian age for the first one, upper Albian-lower Maastrichtian for the second one, and lower Maastrichtian-lower Eocene for the last one, all based on palynological evidences. These units were previously related to essentially fluvial-deltaic environments; however, from the analysis of the composition of the palynological assemblages there is a great abundance of marine elements in all the stratigraphic units, namely the presence of acritarchs, dinoflagellates and palinoforaminifera, taxa already recognized in other basins of the Tethysian Domain, which allow to establish a seaway between Tethys and the Pacific, through the "Hispanic Corridor", operating since the lower Jurassic. The recognized palinoflora is very similar to that identified in the same latitudinal belt during the Cretaceous (Albian-Maastrichtian) from other regions of the globe, such as Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Congo, Sudan, South Sudan, Senegal, Gabon, Egypt, Nigeria, Morocco, Israel and India, which have been subject to
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