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Peer-To-Peer Systems and Massively Multiplayer Online Games
Peer-to-Peer Systems and Massively Multiplayer Online Games Speaker: Jehn-Ruey Jiang CSIE Department National Central University P2P Systems Client/Server Architecture GET /index.html HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 200 OK ... Server Clients 3/66 Peer-to-Peer Architecture Gateway Server Peers 4/66 The architectures Server-based architecture Client-Server / Server-Cluster Problems： Limited resources All loads are centered on the server Server-based architecture has low scalability. The setup and maintenance cost is high. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture Advantages： Distributing loads to all users Users consume and provide resources P2P architecture has high scalability. The setup and maintenance cost is low. The Client Side Today‟s clients can perform more roles than just forwarding users requests Today‟s clients have: more computing power more storage space Thin client Fat client 6/66 Evolution at the Client Side DEC‟S VT100 IBM PC PC @ 4-core 4GHz @ 4.77MHz No storage 300GB HD 360k diskettes „70 „80 2008 7/66 What Else Has Changed? The number of home PCs is increasing rapidly Most of the PCs are “fat clients” As the Internet usage grow, more and more PCs are connecting to the global net Most of the time PCs are idle How can we use all this? Peer-to-Peer (P2P) 8/66 What is peer-to-peer (P2P)? “Peer-to-peer is a way of structuring distributed applications such that the individual nodes have symmetric roles. Rather than being divided into clients and servers each with quite distinct roles, in P2P applications a node may act as both -
Isma Internet Streaming Media Alliance
ISMA INTERNET STREAMING MEDIA ALLIANCE Output Document Number TD00105 November 2007 TITLE: ISMA Ultravox Part 2: Ultravox 3.0 Protocol Specification Status: Provisional Specification © 2007 ISMA12/14/2007ISMA Ultravox Part 2: Ultravox 3 Protocol Provisional Specification 1 Table of Contents Abstract...........................................................................................................................3 1 Ultravox Protocol.........................................................................................................4 1.1 Overview...............................................................................................................4 1.2 Ultravox Frames....................................................................................................4 1.3 Encrypted Messages (Payload for any classes 3-15)...............................................5 2 Ultravox Broadcaster Protocol......................................................................................6 2.1 POST Headers.......................................................................................................6 2.1.1 Required Headers............................................................................................7 2.1.2 Optional Arguments........................................................................................7 2.2 Response Codes.....................................................................................................7 2.3 Response Headers..................................................................................................8 -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.405,753 B2 Eyalet Al
US009.405753B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.405,753 B2 Eyalet al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 2, 2016 (54) DYNAMIC RATINGS-BASED STREAMING (56) References Cited MEDIA PLAYBACK SYSTEM U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Applicant: George Aposporos, Rockville, MD (US) (71) 4,739,567 A 4, 1988 Cardin 4,788,675 A 11/1988 Jones et al. (72) Inventors: Aviv Eyal, New York, NY (US); George 4,870,579 A 9/1989 Hey Aposporos, Rockville, MD (US) 4,996,642 A 2/1991 Hey (73) Assignee: George Aposporos, Rockville, MD (US) (Continued) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 EP O649 121 A2 4f1995 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. EP O649 121 A3 8, 1995 (21) Appl. No.: 14/935,780 (Continued) (22) Filed: Nov. 9, 2015 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (65) Prior Publication Data U.S. Appl. No. 09/696,333, filed Oct. 24, 2000, Eyalet al. US 2016/OO63OO2A1 Mar. 3, 2016 (Continued) Related U.S. Application Data Primary Examiner — Krisna Lim (63) Continuation of application No. 14/327,789, filed on (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Jason H. Vick; Sheridan Jul. 10, 2014, which is a continuation of application Ross, PC No. 13/355,867, filed on Jan. 23, 2012, now Pat. No. 8.782,194, which is a continuation of application No. (57) ABSTRACT (Continued) A method is provided for playing back media from a network. (51) Int. C. The method includes receiving a search criteria from a net G06F 15/16 (2006.01) work enabled device. -
Shoutcast Audio and Video Streaming Guide
SHOUTcast Audio And Video Streaming Guide Created By David Childers www.scvi.net Creative Common License This body of work is released under the Attribution-ShareAlike version 3.0, Creative Common License. The work may be freely distributed or modified for commercial or non commercial purposes. If this work is modified, compliance with the Attribution-ShareAlike version 3.0, Creative Common License is required. These requirements include: - Any derivatives of this work must be attributed to David Childers. - Alterations, transforming, or building upon this work requires distributing the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible license. For the complete legal code, please refer here: www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode Front cover picture: Series modulator using two tetrodes. This image has been (or is hereby) released into the public domain by its author, Cadmium at the wikipedia project. This applies worldwide. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seriesmod.png About The Author David Childers is the Content Manager and Senior Editor for the International Broadcasting portal www.BroadcastingWorld.net. He is also the webmaster of the SHOUTcast video streaming information resource, www.scvi.net. He is very active in the Internet broadcast industry. Mr. Childers work has been cited in several national and International publications, such as: Five Essays on Copyright In the Digital Era Turrer Publishing Research On High-Profile Digital Video Production Digital Content Association of Japan Video Podcasting in Perspective: The History, Technology, Aesthetics and Instructional Uses of a New Medium Journal of Educational Technology Systems Video Podcasting: When, Where and How it's Currently used for Instruction The National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology IP Packet Charging Model For Multimedia Services National University of Rwanda Preservation of audiovisual mediums : Problems and challenges. -
Mp3
<d.w.o> mp3 book: Table of Contents <david.weekly.org> January 4 2002 mp3 book Table of Contents Table of Contents auf deutsch en español {en français} Chapter 0: Introduction <d.w.o> ● What's In This Book about ● Who This Book Is For ● How To Read This Book books Chapter 1: The Hype code codecs ● What Is Internet Audio and Why Do People Use It? mp3 book ● Some Thoughts on the New Economy ● A Brief History of Internet Audio news ❍ Bell Labs, 1957 - Computer Music Is Born pictures ❍ Compression in Movies & Radio - MP3 is Invented! poems ❍ The Net Circa 1996: RealAudio, MIDI, and .AU projects ● The MP3 Explosion updates ❍ 1996 - The Release ❍ 1997 - The Early Adopters writings ❍ 1998 - The Explosion video ❍ sidebar - The MP3 Summit get my updates ❍ 1999 - Commercial Acceptance ● Why Did It Happen? ❍ Hardware ❍ Open Source -> Free, Convenient Software ❍ Standards ❍ Memes: Idea Viruses ● Conclusion page source http://david.weekly.org/mp3book/toc.php3 (1 of 6) [1/4/2002 10:53:06 AM] <d.w.o> mp3 book: Table of Contents Chapter 2: The Guts of Music Technology ● Digital Audio Basics ● Understanding Fourier ● The Biology of Hearing ● Psychoacoustic Masking ❍ Normal Masking ❍ Tone Masking ❍ Noise Masking ● Critical Bands and Prioritization ● Fixed-Point Quantization ● Conclusion Chapter 3: Modern Audio Codecs ● MPEG Evolves ❍ MP2 ❍ MP3 ❍ AAC / MPEG-4 ● Other Internet Audio Codecs ❍ AC-3 / Dolbynet ❍ RealAudio G2 ❍ VQF ❍ QDesign Music Codec 2 ❍ EPAC ● Summary Chapter 4: The New Pipeline: The New Way To Produce, Distribute, and Listen to Music ● Digital -
Lighthouse'99 Case Studies Rockin' the Music Business
Lighthouse‘99 Case Studies MP3 Rockin’ the music business “Why, when you can get EBC scorecard music for free, would anyone E-business community type ● Alliance pay for it?” — Steve Marks, Deputy General Context providers ● MP3.com, Listen.com, E-music, RioPort.com Counsel, Recording Industry Association of America Customers ● Music listeners Content providers ● Music labels, artists, users “Our strategy is going to be Commerce service providers ● MP3.com (Digital Audio Music), CyberCash, to make it easier to buy the Anacom Merchant Services, DigiSign music than to steal it.” Infrastructure providers ● Hardware:Saehan — MPMan, Thompson — Gene Hoffman, President and Electronics — the Lyra, Diamond Multimedia CEO, Emusic — the Rio ● “Digital distribution is the Software:Nullsoft — WinAmp, MusicMatch — MusicMatch Jukebox, RealNetworks — future, and we’ve got to get on RealJukebox, Microsoft — Media Player top of it because it’s not wait- ● Telecommunications providers ing for us.” Competitors ● Other digital distribution systems: Liquid — Lars Murray, Director of New Media, Rykodisc Audio, a2b (AT&T), MS Audio ● Traditional distribution media/outlets: compact "The public has the tech- disc, cassette, DVD/radio, MTV, Tower nology before the industry Records, etc. does, and they fear it." Primary value proposition ● Small, digitally compressed music files that can — Chuck D, Public Enemy be transported via the Internet, or stored in any digital device/media "If history has taught us Key technologies and ● MPEG – Level 3 audio compression algorithm, applications software players, “rippers,” encoders, various anything, it's that open plug-ins, PCs, portable hardware devices, always wins. An open com- removable flash memory pression technique will win — Governance structure ● Non-hierarchical. -
MP3: the Definitive Guide
MP3: The Definitive Guide Scot Hacker Publisher: O'Reilly First Edition March 2000 ISBN: 1-56592-661-7, 400 pages MP3: The Definitive Guide introduces the power-user to just about all aspects of MP3 technology. It delves into detail on obtaining, recording, and optimizing MP3 files using both commercial and Open Source methods. Coverage is complete for four platforms: Windows, Macintosh, Linux, and BeOS. In- depth chapters describe all aspects of the MP3 experience from distributing, streaming, broadcasting, converting, and playing to archiving your collection. Readers will learn how to test their equipment, optimize their encoding times, evaluate their playback options, control and organize a collection, and even burn their own CD's or distribute their own music to a massive worldwide audience over the Internet. In addition, the author fills readers in on the complex legal issues surrounding MP3 files. Everything you need to know to enjoy MP3 today and tomorrow is contained in this single volume. web Distribution $ $ Yes Good book? Downloading Reading buy No Fast Yes Network? IT-SC 1 Copyright © 2000 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 101 Morris Street, Sebastopol, CA 95472. The O'Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. -
Music As a Digital File
1 Music as a Digital File OLD-TIMERS I came along around [Winamp version] 2.03 when MP3 didn’t mean anything. It was a time when if we wanted a copy of a song, we would rip WAV straight from the CD-ROM. And then a friend of mine introduced MP3 and Winamp to me and I downloaded it. I loved it ever since. —Jstalilwyrd 2001 I’ve been using Winamp since v1.00 hit the scene. I think it was around May 1997. My first MP3s were encoded with L3ENC at 56 kbps, and I was proud. I turned on Creative WaveStudio and click[ed] Record, then I played the song I wanted to “rip.” —Nexxus 2001 I remember the original fraunhoffer l3enc. I remember waiting 1/2 hour to encode an MP3. I remember not being able to play a 128 kps MP3 because my computer wasn’t fast enough (I miss my 486). Those were good times. —OneJ1Way 2001 ive used winamp since around 1.x i dont really remember. damn that was a long time ago [ . ] im only 15, but i feel so old. —s1138 2001 Winamp was one of the first widely used programs for playing digital recorded music files on computers. The comments above come from the user forums on the Winamp website in a discussion thread from 2001 called “Old Timers,” where users who remembered the “early days” of digital music could share their experiences. Put aside for a moment the specific technologies they mention (L3enc, WAV files, CreativeWave Studio, etc.). 30 Morris - 9780520287938.indd 30 13/05/15 5:07 PM M usic as A D igital F ile / 3 1 You may be more or less familiar with them, and for now that matters little.