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Sociolinguistic Study on Millennial Citizens

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Sociolinguistic Study on Millennial Citizens JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 6 NO. 2 (2019) Online version available in : http://arbitrer.fib.unand.ac.id JURNAL ARBITRER | 2339-1162 (Print) | 2550-1011 (Online) | Article Language Variation in Minang Colloquial Language Spoken in Kabun Region: Sociolinguistic study on Millennial Citizens Condra Antoni1, Irham2, Gusna Ronsi3 1Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam, Indonesia 2Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia 3 Yayasan Kabun Institute, Jorong, Kabun Nagari Sisawah, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia SUBMISSION TRACK ABSTRACT Received: May 27, 2019 Final Revision: September 30, 2019 Despite the endless discussion on standard and non-standard Available Online: October 23, 2019 language, Minangkabau and its dialect have less attention from scholars to study. This paper, therefore, aims to elaborate and compare the variation of Minang colloquial language and KEYWORD Sijunjung dialect spoken in Kabun region. Sociolinguistic Language variation, Minang, Millennial citizen, theory on language variation and contact were employed to Colloquial. reveal such differences. In terms of data collection, we make use of Buffalo Trophy" as the data source and transcribe some CORRESPONDENCE potential words that fit the criteria. Afterward, we ask E-mail: [email protected] Sijunjung speakers to respond to those words. This process is recorded in a way to get sufficient interpretation of the possible variation among speakers. This study revealed that Minang and Sijunjung have several prominent dissimilarities in terms of phonological aspects. The changes occur from alveolar /r/ to voiced velar fricative /gh/, from /r/-/w/, from /a/-/o/, and /a/- /aw/. The findings confirmed that Minang as a standard language has phonological variations in Sijunjung dialect. Some of them may carry out new meanings, but the rest may not. I. INTRODUCTION Minangkabau. Here the word Minangkabau Since decades, Minangkabau has been is used interchangeably with Minang. It is deemed as the standard language of ‘baso' worth noting that variation can occur on a Minang. Other variations surrounding lexical, syntactic, or phonological level. The Minang lands are considered non-standard, current research focuses on the latter in the including Sijunjung variation. Sijujung is sense that sound change has greater potential often called as a dialect of standard Minang. to cause deviation from a standard variety. The present paper does not attempt to discuss Auer & Schmidt (2010) that "sound material standard and non-standard language of is never passed on exactly as it is received, so Minang but to investigate dialect variation in ultimately a much stronger differentiation can arise". To that point, the phonological DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.6.2.92-98.2019 Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. Some rights reserved CONDRA ANTONI / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 6. NO. 2 (2019) variation would serve as the central focus of surrounded by numerous varieties of dialects, this study. Sijunjung has a unique phonological characteristic. Hence, inhabitants of this In Short, this paper emphasizes the discussion region can be identified from the sound they upon three main topics; phonological produce. In the following chapter, we are divergence between the Sijunjung dialect and going to explore this distinct feature. standard Minangkabau, distinctive phonological differences of the Sijunjung The Minangkabau were first studied by van dialect compared to other dialects of der Toorn (1899, cited in Crouch 2009) in Minangkabau. Afterward, we explicate such collecting folktales, Minang word lists, and phenomena by employing the sociolinguistic dictionary, William (1961) in phonology and approach to language contact and variation morphology, Moussay (1998) in theory. Minangkabau grammar. Besides, the study of Minangkabau and its dialect was initiated by Minangkabau is an Austronesian language Kǟhler (1965) who compared the dialect of spoken by approximately 6 million speakers Tepa (T.), Simalur (Si.), and liken (L.) spoken (Ethnologue, while Gordon (2005) in Crouch in Agam, Payakumbuh, Tanah Datar, Solok, said 7 million). The Minangkabau vernacular, and Pariaman region. In his finding, it is Bahasa Minangkabau (‘Minangkabau stated that the changes occur in a single language’), is considered to be an old dialect phoneme such as Lenggal (Si) > Linggal (L), of Malay (Moussay 1981 as cited by Suryadi, and two vowels in the final position as in 2014). Based on Ethnologue (2015), there are alimao (Si) > alimo (L) (Kǟhler, 1965: 501). about 12 dialects spoken of Minangkabau; Agam, Aneuk Jamee (Jamee), Batu Sangkar- Furthermore, Yandra & Refnaldi (2013) did a Pariangan, Kerinci-Minangkabau, Orang comparative study on Minangkabau and Mamak, Payakumbuh, Pancuang Soal Labuah dialect. They found some (Muko-Muko), Penghulu, Si Junjung phonological and lexical dissimilarities in (officially known as Sijunjung), Singkarak, Minang and Labuah dialects. and Tanah, Ulu. Correspondingly, they also found some words that are different in each dialect but have the same meaning. The study of the Minangkabau dialect is extended by the work of Yulis, Yufrizal, & Ardi (2013), who delineate some dead languages of Minangkabau in Koto Padang-Pariaman region. The respondents are divided into two groups; old and young. Interestingly, some Minangkabau languages are no longer comprehended either used by the young generation due to several reasons, Fig 1: Sijunjung Map including prestige. Based on the previous (Source: https://doniaries.wordpress.com) research, we try to draw our novelty of this present study in the phonological variation It is also interesting to note that Minangkabau between Baso Minang and dialect Sijunjung. is spoken through Indonesia due to marantau It is still worth doing since it can build the tradition (Drakkart 1999 in Crouch 2009). study of dialects in the Minang language and Ethnologue displays about 500 of them reside specifically meticulously identify in Jakarta. Sijunjung, on the one hand, is the phonological divergence as a distinct feature region in West Sumatra where the people of the Sijunjung dialect. speak a different dialect from other residents. Though its geographical factor, which is 93 CONDRA ANTONI / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 6. NO. 2 (2019) II. METHODS Regarding the characteristics of the data, this Furthermore, several IPA references such as study is designed in terms of descriptive- Indonesian native phonetic inventory for qualitative, which later attempts to analyze Indonesia (as Adapted from Maddieson, I. words, phrases, sentences, and expressions (1984) by George Mason University), the from both informants and video (Miles & phonetic chart from omnigot.com, and Arabic Huberman 1994). Besides, the standard IPA for a specific phonetic transcription like Minang and Minangkabau dialects are /gh/. was also employed in analyzing the data. distinguished following Crouch's (2009) III. RESULT definition that standard Minang is spoken in a formal situation or written in a newspaper or The study reveals some phonological, as well magazine, while colloquial is used in informal as the morphological difference of the communication (Crouch, 2009: 10). This understudied dialects. The sound /r/ in comparative analysis of Sijunjung dialect and Minang, for instance, can change into sound colloquial Minangkabau is the pivotal tenet in /gh/ in Kabun dialect. Here is the result of our the present study to shed light differences and study. uniqueness, be it a phonological aspect or morphological one. Table 1: phonemic changing from /r/ to /gh/ Words Meaning Bufalo Kabun The data collection process is as follows. The Tropy Regency first is transcribing data from Minangkabau language from "Trophy Buffalo" retrieved Dari From [dari] [daɣi] from Diri Self [diri] [diɣi] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGdhQ x0GyP0 . Second is listing potential words Mancari Search [mancari] [mancaɣi] that are suspected of having the variation extracted from the transcription. Thirdly, Caro Way [caro] [caɣo] those collected data were then sent to Sijunjung speakers and had them make a Table 1 shows that there is a change from recording. Then, the last step is data alveolar /r/ to voiced velar fricative /gh/. The transcription. change occurs when /r/ is in the middle position and preceded and followed by a The analysis encompasses data from vowel. The possible explanation is that for Sijunjung Dialect spoken speakers from every /r/ in colloquial Minang language, Kabun sub-village (Jorong Kabun). which occurs in the middle position, before, Administratively, the sub-village is a part of and followed by a single vowel, it is changed Sisawah village (kenagarian Sisawah), the into /gh/ in Kabun speaker. For example, lowest administrative government in West Ronsi (2012) reveals the following case for Sumatera Province, Indonesia. There are the word ‘lemari’ meaning ‘cupboard’, and approximately 1000 speakers of Kabun- ‘perut’ meaning ‘stomach’. Sisawah sub-dialect of Sijunjung (Kabun Institute, 2013). The speakers are roughly In addition, we presented the consecutive 3.500 villagers in Sisawah village in 2010 results of phonological differences found in (BPS, 2015). Sisawah belongs to Sumpur those dialects; /r/ to /w/, /a/ to /o/, /a/ to /aw/, Kudus sub-district. The location can be seen and /s/ to /h/. from the map we have mentioned earlier. It shows Sumpur kudus sub-district (Kec. Sumpur Kudus), which is bounded by Muaro Sijunjung sub-district, Koto VII sub-district, as well as 50 Kota regency. 94 CONDRA ANTONI
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