The Project for Developing Inclusive City Governance for City Corporation
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Local Government Engineering Department People’s Republic of Bangladesh The Project for Developing Inclusive City Governance for City Corporation Final Report Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) March 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PADECO Co., Ltd. EI CR (3) 14-061 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT FOR OVERPASS AT SAGORIKA-ALANKAR JUNCTION CHITTAGONG CITY CORPORATION March 2014 Development Design Consultants Ltd. (DDC) Table of Contents Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Study Background 1 1.2 Objective of the Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment Study 3 1.3 Scope and Approach of the Study 4 Chapter 2. LEGAL REQUIREMENT 5 2.1 Environmental Laws and Guidelines of Bangladesh 5 2.1.1 National Environment Management Action Plan (NEMAP), 1995-2005 5 2.1.2 The Environment Conservation Act, 1995 (subsequent amendments in 2000, 2002 and 2010) 5 2.1.3 Environment Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997 and Amendments 7 2.1.4 Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC) 8 2.1.5 JICA Guidelines 8 Chapter 3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 10 3.1 Collection of Primary Data 10 3.2 Collection of Secondary Data 11 3.3 Processing and Analysis of Data 11 Chapter 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND EXISTING CONDITION 12 4.1 Project Location 12 4.2 Description of Sagorika- Alankar More Overpass 13 4.3 Existing Road Infrastructures 13 4.4 Traffic Count at Sagorika-Alankar More 14 Chapter 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 16 5.1 Physical Environment 16 5.1.1 Atmosphere/Climate 16 5.1.2 Temperature 16 5.1.3 Rainfall 17 5.1.4 Humidity 19 5.1.5 Sea Level Pressure 20 5.1.6 Wind Speed and Direction 21 5.1.7 Tropical cyclone and storm surges 22 5.2 Geology 23 5.2.1 Topography 23 5.2.2 Tectonic Framework of Bangladesh 24 5.2.3 Seismic Vulnerability of Chittagong 25 5.2.4 Seismicity Records of Chittagong 26 5.2.5 Seismic Zones 27 5.2.6 Soil 30 5.2.7 Surface and Groundwater Quality 30 5.2.8 Quality of Air 31 5.2.9 Noise and Vibration 31 5.3 Biological Environment 32 5.3.1 Trees and Vegetation in the project site 32 5.3.2 Natural and Domesticated Flora in Chittagong city 32 5.3.3 Natural & Domesticated Fauna in Chittagong city 34 5.3.4 Wildlife and Endangered Species 34 5.3.5 Wetland and Aquatic Wildlife 34 5.3.6 Environmentally Sensitive and Protected Area 34 5.4 Social Environment 34 5.4.1 Population and Community 34 5.4.2 Physical or Cultural Heritage 38 i 5.4.3 Structure or Sites of Historical, Archaeological, Paleontotogical or Architectural Significance 38 5.4.4 Land use and Urbanization 38 5.4.5 Water Supply and Sanitation 39 5.4.6 Industries and Employment 39 5.4.7 Trading and Transportation 39 5.4.8 Fisheries and Wild Fish Catch 40 5.5 Air Pollution 40 5.6 Noise 40 5.7 Water Pollution 41 5.8 Garbage Disposal 41 5.9 Oil Spillage and Chemical Disposal 42 Chapter 6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 43 6.1 Key Consideration 43 6.2 Impacts Related to Physical Environment 43 6.2.1 Preconstruction Phase of the Project 43 6.2.2 Road Safety Aspects 43 6.2.3 Identification of Important Environmental Components (IECs) 44 6.2.4 Ambient Air Quality and Noise 46 6.2.5 Water Pollution 46 6.3 Impacts Caused by Project Implementation 46 6.3.1 Impacts Related to Design Consideration 46 6.3.2 Adverse Impacts in the Context of Construction & their Mitigation 47 6.3.3 Adverse Impacts & their Mitigation in the Context of Operation 48 6.3.4 Enhancement of the Quality of Environment 50 6.4 Mitigation of Adverse Impacts 50 6.4.1 Mitigation of Adverse Impacts on Physical Environment 50 6.4.2 Mitigation of Adverse Social Impacts on the Human and Economic Development 50 6.5 Impact Bounding 50 6.6 Environmental Risk Assessment 51 6.7 Evaluation of Impact 51 Chapter 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 60 7.1 Environmental Monitoring 60 7.2 Environmental Monitoring Schedule 61 7.3 RULES OF SAFE PRACTICE 64 7.3.1 General 64 7.3.2 Fuel & Chemical Storage 64 7.3.3 Water Quality 65 7.3.4 Air Quality 65 7.3.5 Noise 66 7.3.6 Transmission of Diseases 66 7.3.7 Preservation of Antiquities 67 Chapter 8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 68 8.1 Conclusion 68 8.1.1 Natural Environment 68 8.1.2 Ecological Environment 68 8.1.3 Social Environment 68 8.1.4 Environmental Pollution 68 8.1.5 Direct Construction Impacts 68 8.2 Recommendations 68 ii List of Figures Figure 1-1: Chittagong City Map ....................................................................................... 2 Figure 1-2 : Location of Proposed Overpass ....................................................................... 3 Figure 2-1: Procedure for obtaining Environment Clearance Certificate ............................. 9 Figure 4-1: Project Location map ..................................................................................... 12 Figure 4-2: Traffic Volume Count (From Baropul to Alankar More) ................................ 14 Figure 4-3: Traffic Volume Count (From Alankar to Cornel Hat Road) ............................ 15 Figure 5-1: Annual distribution of maximum and minimum temperature of Chittagong ... 17 Figure 5-2: Annual distribution of monthly rainfall (mm) of Chittagong City ................... 19 Figure 5-3: Monthly mean humidity at Chittagong ........................................................... 20 Figure 5-4: Sea Level Pressure of Chittagong ................................................................... 21 Figure 5-5: Geological Map of Bangladesh, ..................................................................... 24 Figure 5-6: Seismic Zoning Map of Bangladesh as in 1993 .............................................. 28 Figure 5-7: Seismic Zoning Map of Bangladesh as in 2013 .............................................. 29 Figure 5-8: Arsenic Contamination in Wells in Bangladesh .............................................. 31 Figure 5-9: Chittagong City Corporation under 41 Municipal Wards ................................ 37 List of Tables Table 4-1 : Road Connectivity and Facilities .................................................................... 13 Table 4-2 : Traffic Count at Sagorika Alanker More ........................................................ 14 Table 5-1: Monthly-Yearly Average Maximum & Minimum with Annual Max & Min Temperature (°C) in Chittagong ....................................................................................... 16 Table 5-2: Monthly distribution of Minimum and Maximum Temperature (°C) of Chittagong (lat 22°16’ N, long 91°49’ E) ......................................................................... 17 Table 5-3: Monthly-Yearly Total Rainfall (mm) in Chittagong for the Period from January 1990 to December 2004 ................................................................................................... 18 Table 5-4: Seasonal distribution of rainfall (mm) of Chittagong (lat 22°16’ N, long 91°49’ E) ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Table 5-5: Monthly-Yearly Average Relative Humidity in % in Chittagong ..................... 19 Table 5-6: Mean monthly humidity (%) at Chittagong...................................................... 20 Table 5-7: Monthly-Yearly Average Sea Level Pressure (hPa) In Chittagong ................... 20 Table 5-8: Monthly Maximum Wind Speed in Knots/Hour and Direction in Degrees ....... 21 Table 5-9 : Monthly Average Wind Speed in Knots/Hour and Direction in Alphabetically ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Table 5-10: Mean monthly wind speed and mean monthly maximum wind speed at Chittagong (Unit: km/hour) .............................................................................................. 22 Table 5-11: Major Cyclonic Storms & Tidal Surges Affecting Project Area between 1985 and 1998 .......................................................................................................................... 22 Table 5-12: Soil Type and their Distribution .................................................................... 30 Table 5-13: Land Levels in Relation to Flooding .............................................................. 33 Table 5-14: Population in Chittagong City Corporation .................................................... 35 Table 5-15: Total Area Affected By Aircraft Noise Of Chittagong Airport ....................... 40 Table 6-1: Rational to Select Environmental Parameters .................................................. 44 Table 6-2: Identification of Significant Environmental Indicators/Parameters, Rationale for Selection, Sources and Natures of Impact for the Overpass Project .................................. 45 Table 6-3: Potential Negative Impacts in the Context of Design & Mitigation Measures .. 46 iii Table 6-4: Negative Impacts & their Mitigation during Construction ............................... 47 Table 6-5: Adverse Impacts & their Mitigation during Operation ..................................... 48 Table 6-6: Rating of negative impacts based on probability and severity .......................... 51 Table 6-7: Initial Environmental Examination Checklist for Construction of the Flyover . 54 Table 7-1: Summary of Environmental Monitoring Schedule ........................................... 61 iv ABBREVIATIONS AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials ACC Accident Costs ACV Aggregate Crushing Value ADB Asian Development Bank ADT Average Daily Traffic AIV Aggregate Impact Value