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Checklist of Butterflies of Kushtia District, Bangladesh

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Checklist of Butterflies of Kushtia District, Bangladesh Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2015; 3 (2): 365-373 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2015; 3 (2): 365-373 Checklist of butterflies of Kushtia District, © 2015 JEZS Received: 04-03-2015 Bangladesh Accepted: 02-04-2015 Samsur Rahman Samsur Rahman, Mohammad Abdul Baki, Anik Chandra Mondal, Amit Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka- Kumer Neogi, Farzana Islam, Rajib Chandra Sutradhar 1100, Bangladesh. Email: [email protected] Abstract Till date, the Northern parts of Bangladesh are more or less neglected for any biodiversity surveys. Mohammad Abdul Baki Keeping this in view, the present study was undertaken at the Kushtia district, which is located in the Assistant Professor, Department northern region (23○54’N and 89○03’E) of Bangladesh with an area of 1621.15 square kilometers. A field of Zoology, Jagannath study was conducted to determine the existing butterfly fauna of Kushtia district, Bangladesh from University Dhaka-1100, March, 2012 to February, 2014. A total of 77 species were recorded belonging to 9 families and 64 Bangladesh. genera. Family Lycaenidae was the most dominating family with 23 species followed by Hesperiidae (14 Email: [email protected] species), Nymphalidae (12 species), Pieridae (10 species), Papilionidae (7 species), Satyridae (7 species), Anik Chandra Mondal Danaidae (4 species), Acraeidae (1 species) and Amathusiidae (1 species). This survey was an initial step Department of Zoology, to know the existing butterfly number and diversity which will be helpful to take further steps in Jagannath University, Dhaka- upgrading the checklist of butterflies of our country. 1100, Bangladesh. Email: [email protected] Keywords: Kushtia, Butterfly, Northern part, Bangladesh Amit Kumer Neogi 1. Introduction Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka- Bangladesh has realm number of biological diversity for its geographical location and 1100, Bangladesh. favorable climatic condition for life. Kushtia district is situated in the north region of Email: [email protected] Bangladesh, is an area of 1621.15 square kilometer. The average maximum temperature of the locality is 37.8 0C and minimum 9.2 0C. Annual rainfall is about 1,467 mm. Lepidoptera Farzana Islam (butterfly) is widely accepted as a good indicator of ecosystem health [13]. In Bangladesh, the Department of Zoology, [10] Jagannath University, Dhaka- butterfly fauna is not well documented compared to the other wildlife . IUCN took the first 1100, Bangladesh. attempt to create a complete checklist on butterfly fauna of Bangladesh by the famous Email: [email protected] lepidopterist Torben B Larsen. Considering the floral diversity and habitat variation it could be predicted that 500-550 butterfly species should be present in Bangladesh [11]. Regional Rajib Chandra Sutradhar documentation of butterflies has great importance as they provide basic information to Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka- taxonomists, zoogeographers, and ecologists; showing when and where to look for certain [4] 1100, Bangladesh. taxa. Unfortunately, this sort of work is often ignored . The regional checklist of any region Email: [email protected] or part of a country has a great importance to update existing butterflies, status and diversity that may be a crucial help for their conservation. The present study in Kushtia was undertaken as an inventory step to know the existing number of butterfly species and their richness which may be helpful to create a management plan for butterfly conservation. 2. Methods and Materials Kushtia is situated at the northern part of Bangladesh (23º54’N and 89º08’E). Study has been carried out from March, 2012 to February, 2014. Study areas have been chosen based on contrasting vegetation type, diversity, abundance and rate of disturbance in Kushtia districts. Butterflies species have been documented randomly by direct visual observations. Butterflies were primarily identified directly by watching and taking photographs using Canon-P510 camera. Sometimes species were caught gently for identification and then released without any harm. In few cases, species were collected with sweep nets, placed in a plastic bag and carried in laboratory for further identification. Butterflies were identified using field guides Evans Correspondence: (1932), Hossain (2013) and Kehimkar (2013) [3, 5, 8]. The scientific name and common name of Mohammad Abdul Baki [11] Assistant Professor Department butterflies are corrected by using Larsen 2004 . of Zoology Jagannath University Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh. 3. Results and Discussion Email: [email protected] A total of 77 species of butterflies under 9 families including 64 genera were recorded during ~ 365 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies the study period (table 1). Most dominant family was abundance during pre-winter period. The chemical range, food Lycaenidae, consisting of 23 (29.87%) species, followed by plants and the variety of plant microhabitats, such as leaves, Danaidae (5.19%), Papilionidae (9.09%), Pieridae (12.99%), stems, roots, seeds, and fruit that can be exploited for the other Nymphalidae (15.58%), Hespiriidae (15.58%), Satyridae purposes such as defense against predation and parasitism are (9.09%), Acraeidae (1.30%) and Amathusiidae (1.30%) (fig a driving force in abundance. Through the entire study period 2). Though urbanization made a variation in the floral diversity some species of butterflies were found to occur frequently of the total area of Kushtia. Vegetation was moderately rich in such as Danaus Chrysippus Chrysippus, Euploea core core, herbs, shrubs and canopies. The maximum number of Papilio polytes romulus, Papilio demoleus demoleus, butterflies was observed on the Mikania micrantha, Lantana Graphium doson axion, Catopsilia pomona Pomona, camera, Cosmos sp., Lippia alba, Tridax procumbens, Tagetes Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe, Leptosia nina nina, Eurema patula, Ixora finlaysoniyana, Gomphrena globosa, Acmella hecabe hecabe, Appias albinadarada, Spindasis syama sp., Acacia sp., Leucas aspara, Ageratum conyzoides, Ixora peguanus, Pseudozizeeria maha maha, Euchrysops cnejus, sp., Cuphea hyssopifolia, Saraca indica etc. Moreover Junonia Parnara guttatus mangala, Udaspes folus, Junonia atlites sp. was mostly found as very abundant in Kushtia. Most of the atlites, Melanitis leda ismene. The study area also occupied by butterfly species were found at the time of nectar collection more larval host plants of some most abundant species of from the flowering plants. Some were observed during resting butterflies such as Calotropis gigantean, Citrus sp., Polyathia time on the different plants. The availability and dominance of longifolia, Senna tora, Senna alata, Cassia fistula, Cassia flowering wild plants are found to influence on the butterfly tora, Acacia species, Cleome viscose, Ricinus communis etc. number richness. Composition of herbaceous plant species in This list of butterflies can be used as an indication of an ecosystem may bring an importance on butterfly species butterflies to be expected in these areas. The basic objective of richness; and vegetation types can contribute this study was the construction of a database on resources for disproportionately high numbers of butterfly species compared butterflies to further their conservation. Our result indicated to dominant vegetation type of the single species of plant [7, 16]. that most butterfly species was observed in a specific season. Woody plant species richness may not good predictor for The numbers of butterflies’ fauna vary greatly depending on butterfly species richness [16]. The species/individual richness floral vegetation (e.g. Number of host plants, nectar plants and of butterflies was observed in the month of December during visited plants) and ecological condition in around the study pre-winter period. In terms of species/individual richness, areas. there are reasons why butterflies have been successful in Table 1: List of butterflies in Kushtia district SL. No. Family Common Name Scientific Name 1 Plain Tiger Danaus Chrysippus Chrysippus Linnaeus, 1758 2 Striped Tiger Danaus genutia genutia Cramer 1779 3 Common Crow Euploea core core Cramer, 1780 4 Danaidae Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace exoticus Cramer, 1775 5 Common Rose Pachliopta aristolochiae aristolochiae Fabricius, 1775 6 Common Mormon Papilio polytes romulus Cramer, 1775 7 Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus demoleus Linné, 1758 8 Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor polymnestor Cramer, 1775 9 Common Jay Graphium doson axion Felder & Felder, 1864 10 Papilionidae Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon Linné, 1758 11 Common Mime Chilasa clytia clytia Linné, 1758 12 Mottled Emigrant Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe Linné, 1758 13 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona pomona Fabricius, 1775 14 Common Gull Cepora nerissa nerissa Fabricius, 1775 15 Three-Spot Grass Yellow Eurema blanda silhetana Wallace, 1867 16 Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe hecabe Linné, 1758 17 Psyche Leptosia nina nina Fabricius, 1793 18 Pieridae Common Jezebel Delias eucharis Drury, 1773 19 Striped Albatross Appias albina darada Swinhoe, 1890 20 Common Wanderer Pareronia hippia hippia Fabricius, 1787 21 Pioneer Belenois aurota Fabricius, 1793 22 Danaid Eggfly Hypolimnas misippus Linné, 1758 23 Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina bolina Linné, 1758 24 Common Leopard Phalanta phalantha phalantha Drury, 1770 25 Common Castor Ariadne merione tapestrina Moore, 1884 26 Painted Lady Vanessa cardui cardui Linné, 1758 27 Common Baron Euthelia aconthea garuda
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