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Rediscovery of Parnassia Asarifolia Vent (Parnassiaceae) in Arkansas David L

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Rediscovery of Parnassia Asarifolia Vent (Parnassiaceae) in Arkansas David L Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 51 Article 35 1997 Rediscovery of Parnassia asarifolia Vent (Parnassiaceae) In Arkansas David L. McDaniel Henderson State University Daniel L. Marsh Henderson State University Winfred D. Crank Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation McDaniel, David L.; Marsh, Daniel L.; and Crank, Winfred D. (1997) "Rediscovery of Parnassia asarifolia Vent (Parnassiaceae) In Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 51 , Article 35. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol51/iss1/35 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 51 [1997], Art. 35 Rediscovery of Parnassia asarifolia Vent (Parnassiaceae) in Arkansas David L.McDaniel and Daniel L.Marsh Winfred D. Crank Department of Biology, Henderson State University P.O. Box 20116 Arkadelphia, AR 71999-0001 Hot Springs, AR 71903 This study was undertaken when McDaniel (October 1, farkleberry, common alder, laurel greenbrier, and wax-myr- 996) found a Parnassia in Hot Spring County (approxi- tle. In the immediate vicinity of the bog-star plants, sphag- mately 5 miles southeast of Donaldson) with characteristics num is the dominant ground cover. Other associates include ot matching those of P. grandifolia, the only species listed violets, cinnamon fern, royal fern, lady fern, netted chain or Arkansas by Smith (1988, 1994). Use of the keys and fern, and the liverwort Pallavicinia lyellii.Sweetbay magnolia escriptions in Correll and Johnston (1979) and Radford et is conspicuous at the Perla site and Central site but not seen al. (1968) indicated that the species was Parnassia asarifolia at the Donaldson site. Red chokeberry is abundant at the Vent. Duplicate vouchers were sent to Dr.E. B.Smith, cura- Perla site. of the herbarium at the University of Arkansas at The habitat of P. grandifolia showed a strikingly differ- Krtyetteville, who confirmed the identification. ent aspect than that of P. asarifolia. The plant community A search of the Henderson State University herbarium investigated lies alongside a well-shaded, rocky, mountain vealed that two specimens of P. asarifolia had been col- stream. P. grandifolia was found growing along the bank of cted from another location inHotSpring County (approx- the stream, but no individuals were found to be growing in lately one mile north of Perla) in October 1991 by P. X. the water. Overstory trees of this community included sweet I as grandifolia. visit was winged In understory were Majestyk and misidentified P. A gum, sycamore, and elm. the made to confirm that the population was still in existence. umbrella magnolia, flowering dogwood, witch-hazel, and McDaniel discovered a third population in Hot Spring common alder. Close associates of P. grandifolia were crest- County (near Central) on September 3, 1997. ed iris, ragwort, wood betony, ironweed, and Christmas The location of the three P. asarifolia sites is on the Gulf fern. Coastal Plain, while the range of P. grandifolia indicated by At the time of our study P. asarifolia was not included in Smith (1988) and Hunter (1992) is in the Interior Highland. the Arkansas flora by Smith (1988, 1994), and Arkansas was Crank suggested a P. grandifolia population inMontgomery not included in the range of P. asarifolia given by many of County as a convenient site for comparison of the two the standard regional manuals (Correll and Correll, 1975; species and their respective communities. Correll and Johnston, 1979; Godfrey and Wooten, 1981; asarifolia has several readily visible morphological Radford et al., 1968). Spongberg (1972) specifically included IP.atures that help distinguish itfrom P. grandifolia. The leaf Arkansas in the range of P. grandifolia, but made no mention blades of P. grandifolia are ovate to oblong while those of P. of Arkansas in the range given for P. asarifolia. The only asarifolia are reniform, hence one of its common names, kid- sources we found which included Arkansas in the range of grass-of-Parnassus (we prefer ginger-leaved bog- this species were Gleason and Cronquist (1963) and Gleason ir).Two floral characters easily separate the two species. In (1968). asarifolia the petals are clawed and have staminodia which Mr. Bill Shepherd of the Arkansas Natural Heritage e shorter than or equal to the fertile stamens. P. grandifolia Commission provided us with an unpublished document >es not have clawed petals and its staminodia are consid- from the ANHC files which listed Parnassia specimens I;yleafably longer stamens. examined by Phillips his dissertation completed in than the fertile R. B. for The three known Arkansas communities in which this 1982. One Arkansas specimen of P. asarifolia was included, are plant thrives are wet, partially shaded and acidic. The collected on April 18, 1926, by EJ. Palmer {29699) in Hot )onaldson population is in a hillside seep and the Perla Spring County and labeled "near Malvern, wet shaded aopulation is in boggy woodland in a narrow valley. The banks about spring," The list indicated that the specimen entral population includes a stand near a stream in a was at the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. ooded valley and a smaller patch in a seep on a wooded Communication withNYBGinformed us that the specimen ope. These two stands are separated by a gas line right-of- was a single sheet offour immature plants. Our examination ay. of the paper by Phillips (1982) provided no additional infor- Overstory trees common to these sites include loblolly mation on Arkansas material. ne, red maple, American holly, and sweet gum. We believe that the Perla site may very wellbe the loca- Iharacteristic of the understory are umbrella magnolia, tion where Palmer first found P. asarifolia in Arkansas. In Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 51, 1997 Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1997 208208 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 51 [1997], Art. 35 any case, we now have the presence of P. asarifolia in the Arkansas flora fully documented, and voucher specimens filed in the herbaria of the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville and Henderson State University. Literature Cited Correll, D.S. and H.B. Correll, 1975. Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, vol. 2. Stanford University Press (reissue), Stanford, 920 pp. Correll, D.S. and M.C.Johnston. 1979. Manual of the vas- cular plants ofTexas. The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, xv + 1881 pp. Gleason, H.A. 1968. The new Britton and Brown illustrat- ed flora of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 4th printing, vol. 2. Hafner Pub. Co., New York, iv+ 655 pp. Gleason, H.A.and A. Cronquist 1963. Manual of vascu- lar Plants of northwestern United States and adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, ii+ 810 pp. Godfrey, R.K. and J.W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and wet- land plants of southeastern United States. Dicotyledons. University of Georgia Press, Athens, x + 933 pp. Hunter, C.G. 1992. Wildflowers of Arkansas, 3rd ed. Ozark Society Foundation, Little Rock, viii+ 296 pp. Phillips, R.B. 1982. Systematics of Parnassia L. (Parnassiaceae): Generic overview and revision of North American taxa. Dissertation. University of California, Berkeley, v + 419 pp. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill,lxi+ 1183 pp. Smith, E.B. 1988. An atlas and annotated list of the vascu- lar plants of Arkansas, 2nd ed. privately published, Fayetteville, Arkansas, iv+ 448 pp. Smith, E.B. 1994. Keys to the flora of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, xii+ 363 pp. Spongberg, S.A. 1972. The genera of Saxifragaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arboretum 53:409-498. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 51, 1997 nwwreH m& «¦ wn http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol51/iss1/35 209.
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