DOCSLIB.ORG

Operating Results 2019 441

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Operating Results 2019 441 atw Vol. 65 (2020) | Issue 8/9 ı August/September Operating results 2019 441 In­2019­the­seven­(7)­German­nuclear­power­plants­generated­75.10­ The­Taishan-1­nuclear­power­plant­in­China­(capacity:­1,750­MWe­ billion­kilowatt­hours­(kWh)­of­electricity­gross.­At­the­end­of­2019­ gross, 1,660 MWe net, reactor type: EPR, the most powerful nuclear the Philippsburg 2 nuclear power plant ceased commercial operation power plant worldwide and the most powerful single power plant due­to­the­revision­of­the­German­Atomic­Energy­Act­in­the­political­ worldwide) achieved the world record in electricity production in aftermath of the accidents in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011. Seven 2019­with­appr.­13­billion­kilowatt­hours. nuclear power plants with an electric gross output of 10,013 MWe Worldwide, 41 nuclear power plant units achieved production were­in­operation­during­the­year­2019. ­results­of­more­than­10­billion­kilowatt­hours­net­in­the­year­2019. REPORT All­ seven­ nuclear­ power­ plants­ in­ operation­ in­ 2019­ achieved­ Additionally­German­nuclear­power­plants­are­leading­with­their­ results with a gross production greater than 10 billion kilowatt hours, lifetime electricity production. The Brokdorf, Emsland, Grohnde, one power plant, The Isar 2 unit even produced more than 12 billion Isar 2 and Philipsburg 2 nuclear power plant have produced more kilowatt hours. than­350­billion­kilowatt­hours­since­their­first­criticality.­ Additionally­the­Isar­2­unit­achieved­one­of­the­world’s­ten­best­ production­ results­ in­ 2019­ (“Top­ Ten”,­ sixth­ place).­ At­ the­ end­ of­ 2019,­449­reactor­units­were­in­operation­in­31­countries­worldwide­ and 54 were under construction in 16 countries. The share of nuclear power in world electricity production was around 11 %. German nuclear power plants have been occupying top spots in electricity production for decades thus providing an impressive demonstration of­their­efficiency,­availability­and­reliability. Operating results of nuclear power plants in Germany 2018 and 2019 Nuclear power plant Rated power Gross electricity Availability Energy availability generation factor* factor** in MWh in % in % gross net 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 in MWe in MWe Brokdorf KBR 1,480 1,410 10,375,751 10,153,213 90 60 87 69 84 72 82 34 Emsland KKE 1,406 1,335 11,495,686 10,781,232 94 78 89 20 94 67 89 12 Grohnde KWG 1,430 1,360 10,946,635 10,700,632 92 82 90 10 91 61 89 80 Gundremmingen KRB C 1,344 1,288 10,361,862 10,381,798 90 41 89 20 89 85 88 50 Isar KKI 2 1,485 1,410 12,127,490 12,036,656 95 46 95 95 95 24 95 68 Neckarwestheim GKN II 1,400 1,310 9,703,700 10,411,410 81 35 94 03 81 00 88 00 Philippsburg KKP 2 1,468 1,402 10,993,639 10,606,307 90 63 89 63 90 47 89 31 Total 10,013 9,515 76,004,763 75,071,247 90.85 90.82 89.60 88.86 * Availability factor (time availability factor) kt = tN/tV: The time availability factor kt is the quotient of available time of a plant (tV) and the reference period (tN). The time availability factor is a degree for the deployability of a power plant. ** Energy availability factor kW = WV/WN: The energy availability factor kW is the quotient of available energy of a plant (WV ) and the nominal energy (WN). The nominal energy WN is the product of nominal capacity and reference period. This variable is used as a reference variable (100 % value) for availability considerations. The available energy WV is the energy which can be generated in the reference period due to the technical and operational condition of the plant. Energy availability factors in excess of 100 % are thus impossible, as opposed to energy utilisation. *** Inclusive of round up/down, rated power in 2019. **** The Gundremmingen nuclear power plant (KRB B) was permanently shutdown on 31 December 2017 due to the revision of the German Atomic Energy Act in 2011. All data in this report as of 31 March 2020 Report Operating results 2019 atw Vol. 65 (2020) | Issue 8/9 ı August/September Brokdorf 442 Operating sequence in 2019 Electrical output in % 100 REPORT 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 January February March April May June July August September October November December 100 In­2019,­the­Brokdorf­nuclear­power­plant­(KBR)­was­connected­to­ p Transformers Exchange CS32 (emergency power supply), the­grid­for­a­total­of­7,682­operating­hours­with­an­availability­factor­ replacement Exchange CS41 (normal power supply). 80 of 82.3 %. The gross generation for the year under review was p Building­ZB.9­ Fire­protection­upgrading­overflow­flaps. 10,153,212­ MWh.­ In­ 2019,­ the­ thermal­ reactor­ output­ was­ again­ 60 ­limited­to­a­maximum­of­95­%­with­a­coolant­temperature­reduced­ The­grid­synchronisation­took­place­on­9­July­2019­at­08:17­h­after­ by­3­K­due­to­the­specifications­of­ME­02/2017­“Increased­oxide­layer­ 31.1 days. 40 thickness on fuel rod cladding tubes of fuel elements”. Compared to planning, the start-up date was delayed by 4.6 days. On­13­April­2019,­the­plant­was­disconnected­from­the­grid­by­ The inspection extension is mainly due to the additional inspections 20 triggering­“Manual-TUSA”­due­to­increasing­vibrations­at­the­turbine-­ of the heating tube plugs on steam generators 30 and 40. generator­set.­After­completion­of­the­inspection­work,­the­unit­was­ 0 reconnected­to­the­grid­on­22­April­2019. Unplanned shutdowns and reactor/turbine trip In­the­period­from­17­to­22­November­2019,­the­plant­was­shut­ On­ 13­ April­ 2019,­ the­ turbine­ was­ disconnected­ from­ the­ grid­ by­ down­ to­ the­ “subcritical­ cold”­ state­ due­ to­ several­ findings­ on­ the­ triggering “manual turbine trip” due to increasing vibrations at the 100­baffle­in­the­cooling­water­return­structure. turbine-generator­set.­After­completion­of­the­inspection­work,­the­ unit­was­reconnected­with­the­grid­on­22­April­2019. 80 Planned shutdowns In­the­period­from­17­to­22­November­2019,­the­plant­was­shut­ On­7­June­2019,­the­plant­was­shut­down­for­the­31st refuelling and down­to­“subcritical­cold”­state­due­to­several­findings­on­the­baffle­ 60 annual inspection. in the cooling water return structure. The inspection and maintenance included the following priorities: 40 p Reactor Full core discharge Power reductions above 10 % and longer than for 24 h 20 Replacement of 60 fresh fuel elements Load reductions for the implementation of the grid-supporting Inspection of fuel elements, power control as well as redispatch on demand of the control centre 0 control elements, throttle bodies. were carried out. p Containment Leak rate test. p Main coolant Ring exchange electric motor WANO Review/Technical Support Mission pump­YD30­ Inspection­of­axial­bearings The­ WANO­ Peer­ Review­ 2019­ was­ conducted­ in­ the­ period­ 15­ to­ Replacing the mechanical seal 26 July­ 2019­ in­ the­ form­ of­ an­ “Optimized­ Peer­ Review”,­ i.e.­ Positionierung:(axial bearing). ­shortened­to­2­weeks.­In­the­run-up­to­the­WANO­Peer­Review­2019,­ p MainBezug, coolant links,Inspection unten of the axial bearing. a Crew Performance Observation (CPO) was successfully completed pump­YD40­ for­the­first­time­by­the­KBR­shift­team­on­the­simulator­of­a­German­ p SteamX = generator 20,475 WSY test = 95,25Steam generator B = 10/20, 173,5 H = nuclear38,2 power plant with pressurised water reactor in the period VGB: HKS6Kadditionally 30 % 30/40. from­6­to­9 May­2019. p Mainatw: steam 100 safety 60 Internal 0 0 inspections. In­summary,­WANO­confirmed­a­very­good­result­for­KBR. and relief valves station p Cooling water Work in the pump antechambers of the Delivery of fuel elements secondary cooling water systems During the reporting year 28 fuel elements were delivered and ­ VE10/20­and­30/40 stored. Work in the main cooling water ­ channels­VA40-60. Waste management status p Turbine/ Control Inspection / Generator By­the­end­of­the­year­2019,­33­loaded­CASTOR© cask were located Generator­ ND­II­+­III,­run-out­measurements, at the Brokdorf on-site intermediate storage. Displacement measurements Inspection bearing SB14. Report Operating results 2019 atw Vol. 65 (2020) | Issue 8/9 ı August/September 443 Operating data Review period 2019 REPORT Plant operator: PreussenElektra GmbH Availability factor in % Shareholder/Owner: PreussenElektra GmbH (80 %), Capacity factor in % Vattenfall­Europe­Nuclear­Energy­GmbH­(20­%) 100 Plant name: Kernkraftwerk Brokdorf (KBR) Address: PreussenElektra GmbH, Kernkraftwerk Brokdorf, 90 92 93 93 93 25576­Brokdorf,­Germany 90 Phone:­+49­4829­752560 84 Web: www.preussenelektra.de 80 78 70 First­synchronisation:­ 10-14-1986 60 Date­of­commercial­operation:­­ 12-22-1986 Design electrical rating (gross): 1,480 MW 50 Design electrical rating (net): 1,410 MW Reactor type: PWR 44 40 Supplier: Siemens/KWU The following operating results were achieved: 30 Operating­period,­reactor:­­ 7,682­h Gross­electrical­energy­generated­in­2019:­­ 10,153,212­MWh 20 Net­electrical­energy­generated­in­2019:­­ 9,635,834­MWh Gross electrical energy generated since 10 first­synchronisation­until­12-31-2019:­­ 360,721,021­MWh Net electrical energy generated since 0 84 93 93 93 93 52 91 88 first­synchronisation­until­12-31-2019:­­ 342,884,965­MWh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Availability­factor­in­2019:­­ 87.69­% Availability­factor­since date­of­commercial­operation:­­ 89.78­% Collective radiation dose of own and outside personnel in Sv Capacity­factor­2019:­­ 82.34­% Capacity factor since 10 date­of­commercial­operation:­­ 85.94­% Downtime 9 (schedule­and­forced)­in­2019:­­ 12.31­% Number­of­reactor­scrams­2019:­­ 0 8 Licensed annual emission limits in 2019: 7 Emission of noble gases with plant exhaust air: 1.0 · 1015 Bq Emission of iodine-131 with plant exhaust air: 6.0 · 109 Bq 6 Emission­of­nuclear­fission­and­activation­products with plant waste water (excluding tritium): 5.55 · 1010 Bq 5 Proportion of licensed annual emission limits for radioactive materials in 2019 for: 4 Emission­of­noble­gases­with­plant­exhaust­air:­­ 0.075­% Emission­of­iodine-131­with­plant­exhaust­air:­­ 0.087­% 3 Emission­of­nuclear­fission­and­activation­products with plant waste water (excluding tritium): 0.0005 % 2 Collective dose: 0.158 Sv 1 0.13 0.22 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.16 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Report Operating results 2019 atw Vol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lessons Learned from Existing Biomass Power Plants February 2000 • NREL/SR-570-26946
    Lessons Learned from Existing Biomass Power Plants February 2000 • NREL/SR-570-26946 Lessons Learned from Existing Biomass Power Plants G. Wiltsee Appel Consultants, Inc. Valencia, California NREL Technical Monitor: Richard Bain Prepared under Subcontract No. AXE-8-18008 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.doe.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: [email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Intermittent Generation on the Economics and Operation Of
    Effects of Intermittent Generation on the Economics and Operation of Prospective Baseload Power Plants by Jordan Taylor Kearns B.S. Physics-Engineering, Washington & Lee University (2014) B.A. Politics, Washington & Lee University (2014) Submitted to the Institute for Data, Systems, & Society and the Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Science in Technology & Policy and Master of Science in Nuclear Science & Engineering at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2017 c Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2017. All rights reserved. Author.................................................................................. Institute for Data, Systems, & Society Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering August 25, 2017 Certified by.............................................................................. Howard Herzog Senior Research Engineer, MIT Energy Initiative Executive Director, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Center Certified by.............................................................................. R. Scott Kemp Associate Professor of Nuclear Science & Engineering Director, MIT Laboratory for Nuclear Security & Policy Certified by.............................................................................. Sergey Paltsev Senior Research Scientist, MIT Energy Initiative Deputy Director, MIT Joint Program Accepted by............................................................................. Munther Dahleh William A. Coolidge
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of Bio-CCS in Biofuels Production IEA Bioenergy Task 33 Special Report
    Implementation of bio-CCS in biofuels production IEA Bioenergy Task 33 special report IEA Bioenergy Task 33: 07 2018 Implementation of bio-CCS in biofuels production IEA Bioenergy Task 33 special project Authors: G. del Álamo (SINTEF Energy Research) J. Sandquist (SINTEF Energy Research) B.J. Vreugdenhil (ECN part of TNO) G. Aranda Almansa (ECN part of TNO) M. Carbo (ECN part of TNO) Front cover: STEPWISE unit for CO2 capture in Luleå (Sweden). The STEPWISE project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 640769). Picture courtesy of E. van Dijk (ECN, part of TNO). Copyright © 2015 IEA Bioenergy. All rights Reserved ISBN 978-1-910154-44-1 Published by IEA Bioenergy IEA Bioenergy, also known as the Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) for a Programme of Research, Development and Demonstration on Bioenergy, functions within a Framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of IEA Bioenergy do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of its individual Member countries. Abstract In combination with other climate change mitigation options (renewable energy and energy efficiency), the implementation of CCS will be necessary to reach climate targets. If CCS is applied in with bioenergy processes (bio-CCS schemes), negative CO2 emissions can be potentially achieved. This study aims to provide an initial overview of the potential of biomass and waste gasification to contribute to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) through the assessment of two example scenarios. The selected study cases (600 MWth thermal input) represent two different routes to biofuels production via gasification which cover a relevant range of gasification technologies, biofuel products and CCS infrastructure conditions: • Case 1: production of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude from high-temperature, entrained-flow gasification in Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Collaboration Between East African Nations Via Transmission Interconnectors Eng
    Building Collaboration Between East African Nations via Transmission Interconnectors Eng. Christian M.A. Msyani Ag. DEPUTY MANAGING DIRECTOR TRANSMISSION - TANESCO CONTENTS 1. TANESCO - Existing Power System Overview 2. Challenges 3. Transmission Projects on Expansion, Refurbishment And Maintenance. 4. Transmission Interconnectors Enabling Regional Power Trade 5. Solution to Grid System Losses 1.TANESCO – Transmission System Overview Quick Facts (By June 2015) . Customer Base 1,501,162 . Access To Electricity 38% . Connectivity: 28.7% . Electricity Consumption : 101 kWh/Person TANESCO - vertically integrated utility 100% owned by Government Generation Main Grid Installed Capacity Quick Facts: 1250MW 14.0% Grid System Peak 5.7% Load = 934.62MW 45% (Dec 2014) 15.1% Isolated Min-grids 20.2% Installed Capacity = 73.77MW Import = 13MW HYDRO-TANESCO GAS-TANESCO Annual Energy GAS-IPP LIQUID FUEL-TANESCO Demand (2014): LIQUID FUEL-IPPs/EEP 6,028.97GWh Transmission Transmission Voltage Level S/N Total Asset Name 220kv 132kv 66kv Transmission 4,905. 1 Line Route 1,593.5 580.0 2,732.4 9 Length (km) Circuit Segments 2 20 23 8 51 (Nos.) 3 Transmission Losses (%) 6.12 Number Of Grid With Total 2,985 4 41 Substations Capacity MVA 5 Optical Fiber Network Route Length (km) 2,025 Distribution System . 15,165 km of 33kV and 5,687 km of 11kV Lines . 40,822 km of LV ( 400V And 230V Lines). 12,340 Distribution Transformers . Distribution Losses: 11% 2. CHALLENGES S/N Challenge Mitigation 1. High Energy Losses Execution Of New Projects Due To Overloaded On Distributed Generation And Aging (Natural Gas, Coal And Renewables), Transmission Transmission And And Distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Electricity Sector Reform in Libya
    FINAL REPORT (ISSUE 07A) Public Disclosure Authorized Supporting electricity sector reform in Libya TASK C: Institutional Development and Performance Improvement of GECOL Public Disclosure Authorized Report 4.2: IMPROVING GECOL TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 14/12/2017 TASK C – REPORT 4.2: IMPROVING GECOL TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE Contents 1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Generation .................................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Transmission .............................................................................................................. 12 1.3 Control ....................................................................................................................... 14 1.4 Medium Voltage ........................................................................................................ 16 1.5 Distribution ................................................................................................................ 17 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 19 3 Generation .............................................................................................................. 24 3.1 Current status ............................................................................................................ 24 3.1.1 Overview
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Regulation and Economic Incentives of the Hybrid CSP HYSOL
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 05, 2021 Analysis of regulation and economic incentives of the hybrid CSP HYSOL Baldini, Mattia; Pérez, Cristian Hernán Cabrera Publication date: 2016 Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Baldini, M., & Pérez, C. H. C. (2016). Analysis of regulation and economic incentives of the hybrid CSP HYSOL. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Analysis of regulation and economic incentives Deliverable nº: 6.4 July 2016 EC-GA nº: 308912 Project full title: Innovative Configuration for a Fully Renewable Hybrid CSP Plant WP: 6 Responsible partner: DTU-ME Authors: Mattia Baldini and Cristian Cabrera Dissemination level: Public D.6.4: Analysis of regulation and economic incentives Table of contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Turbine Subsystems Include
    What is wind energy? In reality, wind energy is a converted form of solar energy. The sun's radiation heats different parts of the earth at different rates-most notably during the day and night, but also when different surfaces (for example, water and land) absorb or reflect at different rates. This in turn causes portions of the atmosphere to warm differently. Hot air rises, reducing the atmospheric pressure at the earth's surface, and cooler air is drawn in to replace it. The result is wind. Air has mass, and when it is in motion, it contains the energy of that motion("kinetic energy"). Some portion of that energy can converted into other forms mechanical force or electricity that we can use to perform work. What is a wind turbine and how does it work? A wind energy system transforms the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical energy that can be harnessed for practical use. Mechanical energy is most commonly used for pumping water in rural or remote locations- the "farm windmill" still seen in many rural areas of the U.S. is a mechanical wind pumper - but it can also be used for many other purposes (grinding grain, sawing, pushing a sailboat, etc.). Wind electric turbines generate electricity for homes and businesses and for sale to utilities. There are two basic designs of wind electric turbines: vertical-axis, or "egg-beater" style, and horizontal-axis (propeller-style) machines. Horizontal-axis wind turbines are most common today, constituting nearly all of the "utility-scale" (100 kilowatts, kW, capacity and larger) turbines in the global market.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical and Economic Aspects of Load Following with Nuclear Power Plants
    Nuclear Development June 2011 www.oecd-nea.org Technical and Economic Aspects of Load Following with Nuclear Power Plants NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Nuclear Development Technical and Economic Aspects of Load Following with Nuclear Power Plants © OECD 2011 NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Foreword Nuclear power plants are used extensively as base load sources of electricity. This is the most economical and technically simple mode of operation. In this mode, power changes are limited to frequency regulation for grid stability purposes and shutdowns for safety purposes. However for countries with high nuclear shares or desiring to significantly increase renewable energy sources, the question arises as to the ability of nuclear power plants to follow load on a regular basis, including daily variations of the power demand. This report considers the capability of nuclear power plants to follow load and the associated issues that arise when operating in a load following mode. The report was initiated as part of the NEA study “System effects of nuclear power”. It provided a detailed analysis of the technical and economic aspects of load-following with nuclear power plants, and summarises the impact of load-following on the operational mode, fuel performance and ageing of large equipment components of the plant. 3 Acknowledgements Valuable comments and contributions were received from Mr. Philippe Lebreton, Electricité de France, Dr. Holger Ludwig, Areva GMBH, Dr. Michael Micklinghoff, E.ON Kernkraft and Dr. M.A.Podshibyakin, OKB “GIDROPRESS”. This report was prepared by Dr. Alexey Lokhov of the NEA Nuclear Development Division. Detailed review and comments were provided by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • IEEE Std 762™-2006 3 Park Avenue (Revision of New York, NY 10016-5997, USA IEEE Std 762-1987) 15 March 2007
    IEEE Standard Definitions for Use in Reporting Electric Generating Unit R e l i a b i l i t y, Av a i l a b i l i t y, and Productivity IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored by the Power System Analysis, Computing, and Economics Committee I E E E IEEE Std 762™-2006 3 Park Avenue (Revision of New York, NY 10016-5997, USA IEEE Std 762-1987) 15 March 2007 Recognized as an IEEE Std 762™-2006 American National Standard (ANSI) (Revision of IEEE Std 762-1987) IEEE Standard Definitions for Use in Reporting Electric Generating Unit Reliability, Availability, and Productivity Sponsor Power System Analysis, Computing, and Economics Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 29 December 2006 American National Standards Institute Approved 15 September 2006 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This standard provides a methodology for the interpretation of electric generating unit performance data from various systems and to facilitate comparisons among different systems. It also standardizes terminology and indexes for reporting electric generating unit reliability, availability, and productivity performance measures. This standard is intended to aid the electric power industry in reporting and evaluating electric generating unit reliability, availability, and productivity while recognizing the power industry’s needs, including marketplace competition. Included are equations for equivalent demand forced outage rate (EFORd), newly identified outage states, discussion of commercial availability, energy weighted equations for group performance indexes, definitions of outside management control (OMC), pooling methodologies, and time-based calculations for group performance indexes. Keywords: available state, EFORd, equivalent demand forced outage rate, forced outage, maintenance outage, OMC, outside management control, planned outage, pooling methodology, transition between active states, unavailable state, weighted factor _________________________ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Final ORNL Report Distributed Generation Operational Reliability
    Final Report: Distributed Generation Operational Reliability and Availability Database Submitted To: Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O. Box 2008 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6065 Under Subcontract No. 4000021456 Submitted By: Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. 1655 N. Fort Myer Drive, Suite 600 Arlington, Virginia 22209 (703) 528-1900 January 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS ES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................................ ES-1 ES-1 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................................... ES-1 ES-2 TECHNICAL APPROACH........................................................................................................................ ES-1 ES-3 RESULTS .............................................................................................................................................. ES-2 ES-4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................ ES-5 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................1-1 2 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 RELIABILITY AND DG/CHP ........................................................................................................................2-1
    [Show full text]
  • Market Impacts of Energy Storage in a Transmission-Constrained Power System Vilma Virasjoki, Paula Rocha, Afzal S
    1 Market Impacts of Energy Storage in a Transmission-Constrained Power System Vilma Virasjoki, Paula Rocha, Afzal S. Siddiqui, and Ahti Salo Abstract—Environmental concerns have motivated govern- Parameters ments in the European Union and elsewhere to set ambitious e targets for generation from renewable energy (RE) technologies As,n: availability factor for renewable energy generation of and to offer subsidies for their adoption along with priority grid type e ∈E at node n ∈N for scenario s ∈S (–) ′ access. However, because RE technologies like solar and wind Bn,n′ : element (n, n ) of node susceptance matrix, where power are intermittent, their penetration places greater strain n, n′ ∈N (1/Ω) on existing conventional power plants that need to ramp up conv C : generation cost of unit u ∈ Un,i from producer i ∈ I more often. In turn, energy storage technologies, e.g., pumped n,i,u at node n ∈N (e/MWh) hydro storage or compressed air storage, are proposed to up offset the intermittency of RE technologies and to facilitate Cn,i,u: ramp-up cost of unit u ∈Un,i from producer i ∈I at their integration into the grid. We assess the economic and node n ∈N (e/MWh) environmental consequences of storage via a complementarity Csto: cost of discharge from storage (e/MWh) model of a stylized Western European power system with market Dint : intercept of linear inverse demand function at node power, representation of the transmission grid, and uncertainty t,n n ∈N in period t ∈T (e/MWh) in RE output. Although storage helps to reduce congestion and slp ramping costs, it may actually increase greenhouse gas emissions Dt,n: slope of linear inverse demand function at node n ∈N from conventional power plants in a perfectly competitive setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Globeleq Tanzania Sustainability Report 2019
    SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2019 TANZANIA GLOBELEQ | TANZANIA SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2019 2 POWERING DEVELOPMENT WE STRIVE TO BE A PARTNER FOR GROWTH IN TANZANIA, BOTH NOW AND IN THE FUTURE. Songas is a leading gas-to-power company run in It’s very important to us that we contribute to development partnership with the Tanzanian Government. Together, in a sustainable way. We do this by working safely and taking Working in partnership we are utilising the country’s abundant natural resources care of the environment. By engaging and developing our Since 2004, Songas has been a strategic to produce reliable and affordable power that’s people. By being a good citizen and neighbour. And by partner of the Government of Tanzania in needed to stimulate economic development. giving back to the communities we are part of. meeting the country’s growing demand Our 190 MW Ubungo plant in Dar es Salaam provides In 2019, we continued to support communities through our for energy. Songas is owned by Globeleq around 20% of Tanzania’s electricity demand and has an social and economic development programmes. Through (54.1%), TPDC (28.69%), TANESCO (9.56%) excellent availability rate. these, we have improved education and healthcare and TDFL (7.65%). facilities, enhanced livelihoods and given local young By supplying electricity to the national utility, TANESCO, Natural gas from the Songo Songo gas field people valuable work experience to help them get jobs. at lower cost than other thermal power plants, we are is processed by our contractor, Pan African supporting the provision of more affordable electricity for Keeping our people safe is our priority.
    [Show full text]