atw Vol. 65 (2020) | Issue 8/9 ı August/September Operating results 2019 441 In­2019­the­seven­(7)­German­nuclear­power­plants­generated­75.10­ The­Taishan-1­nuclear­power­plant­in­China­(capacity:­1,750­MWe­ billion­kilowatt­hours­(kWh)­of­electricity­gross.­At­the­end­of­2019­ gross, 1,660 MWe net, reactor type: EPR, the most powerful nuclear the Philippsburg 2 nuclear power plant ceased commercial operation power plant worldwide and the most powerful single power plant due­to­the­revision­of­the­German­Atomic­Energy­Act­in­the­political­ worldwide) achieved the world record in electricity production in aftermath of the accidents in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011. Seven 2019­with­appr.­13­billion­kilowatt­hours. nuclear power plants with an electric gross output of 10,013 MWe Worldwide, 41 nuclear power plant units achieved production were­in­operation­during­the­year­2019. ­results­of­more­than­10­billion­kilowatt­hours­net­in­the­year­2019. REPORT All­ seven­ nuclear­ power­ plants­ in­ operation­ in­ 2019­ achieved­ Additionally­German­nuclear­power­plants­are­leading­with­their­ results with a gross production greater than 10 billion kilowatt hours, lifetime electricity production. The Brokdorf, Emsland, Grohnde, one power plant, The Isar 2 unit even produced more than 12 billion Isar 2 and Philipsburg 2 nuclear power plant have produced more kilowatt hours. than­350­billion­kilowatt­hours­since­their­first­criticality.­ Additionally­the­Isar­2­unit­achieved­one­of­the­world’s­ten­best­ production­ results­ in­ 2019­ (“Top­ Ten”,­ sixth­ place).­ At­ the­ end­ of­ 2019,­449­reactor­units­were­in­operation­in­31­countries­worldwide­ and 54 were under construction in 16 countries. The share of nuclear power in world electricity production was around 11 %. German nuclear power plants have been occupying top spots in electricity production for decades thus providing an impressive demonstration of­their­efficiency,­availability­and­reliability. Operating results of nuclear power plants in Germany 2018 and 2019 Nuclear power plant Rated power Gross electricity Availability Energy availability generation factor* factor** in MWh in % in % gross net 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 in MWe in MWe Brokdorf KBR 1,480 1,410 10,375,751 10,153,213 90 60 87 69 84 72 82 34 Emsland KKE 1,406 1,335 11,495,686 10,781,232 94 78 89 20 94 67 89 12 Grohnde KWG 1,430 1,360 10,946,635 10,700,632 92 82 90 10 91 61 89 80 Gundremmingen KRB C 1,344 1,288 10,361,862 10,381,798 90 41 89 20 89 85 88 50 Isar KKI 2 1,485 1,410 12,127,490 12,036,656 95 46 95 95 95 24 95 68 Neckarwestheim GKN II 1,400 1,310 9,703,700 10,411,410 81 35 94 03 81 00 88 00 Philippsburg KKP 2 1,468 1,402 10,993,639 10,606,307 90 63 89 63 90 47 89 31 Total 10,013 9,515 76,004,763 75,071,247 90.85 90.82 89.60 88.86 * Availability factor (time availability factor) kt = tN/tV: The time availability factor kt is the quotient of available time of a plant (tV) and the reference period (tN). The time availability factor is a degree for the deployability of a power plant. ** Energy availability factor kW = WV/WN: The energy availability factor kW is the quotient of available energy of a plant (WV ) and the nominal energy (WN). The nominal energy WN is the product of nominal capacity and reference period. This variable is used as a reference variable (100 % value) for availability considerations. The available energy WV is the energy which can be generated in the reference period due to the technical and operational condition of the plant. Energy availability factors in excess of 100 % are thus impossible, as opposed to energy utilisation. *** Inclusive of round up/down, rated power in 2019. **** The Gundremmingen nuclear power plant (KRB B) was permanently shutdown on 31 December 2017 due to the revision of the German Atomic Energy Act in 2011. All data in this report as of 31 March 2020 Report Operating results 2019 atw Vol. 65 (2020) | Issue 8/9 ı August/September Brokdorf 442 Operating sequence in 2019 Electrical output in % 100 REPORT 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 January February March April May June July August September October November December 100 In­2019,­the­Brokdorf­nuclear­power­plant­(KBR)­was­connected­to­ p Transformers Exchange CS32 (emergency power supply), the­grid­for­a­total­of­7,682­operating­hours­with­an­availability­factor­ replacement Exchange CS41 (normal power supply). 80 of 82.3 %. The gross generation for the year under review was p Building­ZB.9­ Fire­protection­upgrading­overflow­flaps. 10,153,212­ MWh.­ In­ 2019,­ the­ thermal­ reactor­ output­ was­ again­ 60 ­limited­to­a­maximum­of­95­%­with­a­coolant­temperature­reduced­ The­grid­synchronisation­took­place­on­9­July­2019­at­08:17­h­after­ by­3­K­due­to­the­specifications­of­ME­02/2017­“Increased­oxide­layer­ 31.1 days. 40 thickness on fuel rod cladding tubes of fuel elements”. Compared to planning, the start-up date was delayed by 4.6 days. On­13­April­2019,­the­plant­was­disconnected­from­the­grid­by­ The inspection extension is mainly due to the additional inspections 20 triggering­“Manual-TUSA”­due­to­increasing­vibrations­at­the­turbine-­ of the heating tube plugs on steam generators 30 and 40. generator­set.­After­completion­of­the­inspection­work,­the­unit­was­ 0 reconnected­to­the­grid­on­22­April­2019. Unplanned shutdowns and reactor/turbine trip In­the­period­from­17­to­22­November­2019,­the­plant­was­shut­ On­ 13­ April­ 2019,­ the­ turbine­ was­ disconnected­ from­ the­ grid­ by­ down­ to­ the­ “subcritical­ cold”­ state­ due­ to­ several­ findings­ on­ the­ triggering “manual turbine trip” due to increasing vibrations at the 100­baffle­in­the­cooling­water­return­structure. turbine-generator­set.­After­completion­of­the­inspection­work,­the­ unit­was­reconnected­with­the­grid­on­22­April­2019. 80 Planned shutdowns In­the­period­from­17­to­22­November­2019,­the­plant­was­shut­ On­7­June­2019,­the­plant­was­shut­down­for­the­31st refuelling and down­to­“subcritical­cold”­state­due­to­several­findings­on­the­baffle­ 60 annual inspection. in the cooling water return structure. The inspection and maintenance included the following priorities: 40 p Reactor Full core discharge Power reductions above 10 % and longer than for 24 h 20 Replacement of 60 fresh fuel elements Load reductions for the implementation of the grid-supporting Inspection of fuel elements, power control as well as redispatch on demand of the control centre 0 control elements, throttle bodies. were carried out. p Containment Leak rate test. p Main coolant Ring exchange electric motor WANO Review/Technical Support Mission pump­YD30­ Inspection­of­axial­bearings The­ WANO­ Peer­ Review­ 2019­ was­ conducted­ in­ the­ period­ 15­ to­ Replacing the mechanical seal 26 July­ 2019­ in­ the­ form­ of­ an­ “Optimized­ Peer­ Review”,­ i.e.­ Positionierung:(axial bearing). ­shortened­to­2­weeks.­In­the­run-up­to­the­WANO­Peer­Review­2019,­ p MainBezug, coolant links,Inspection unten of the axial bearing. a Crew Performance Observation (CPO) was successfully completed pump­YD40­ for­the­first­time­by­the­KBR­shift­team­on­the­simulator­of­a­German­ p SteamX = generator 20,475 WSY test = 95,25Steam generator B = 10/20, 173,5 H = nuclear38,2 power plant with pressurised water reactor in the period VGB: HKS6Kadditionally 30 % 30/40. from­6­to­9 May­2019. p Mainatw: steam 100 safety 60 Internal 0 0 inspections. In­summary,­WANO­confirmed­a­very­good­result­for­KBR. and relief valves station p Cooling water Work in the pump antechambers of the Delivery of fuel elements secondary cooling water systems During the reporting year 28 fuel elements were delivered and ­ VE10/20­and­30/40 stored. Work in the main cooling water ­ channels­VA40-60. Waste management status p Turbine/ Control Inspection / Generator By­the­end­of­the­year­2019,­33­loaded­CASTOR© cask were located Generator­ ND­II­+­III,­run-out­measurements, at the Brokdorf on-site intermediate storage. Displacement measurements Inspection bearing SB14. Report Operating results 2019 atw Vol. 65 (2020) | Issue 8/9 ı August/September 443 Operating data Review period 2019 REPORT Plant operator: PreussenElektra GmbH Availability factor in % Shareholder/Owner: PreussenElektra GmbH (80 %), Capacity factor in % Vattenfall­Europe­Nuclear­Energy­GmbH­(20­%) 100 Plant name: Kernkraftwerk Brokdorf (KBR) Address: PreussenElektra GmbH, Kernkraftwerk Brokdorf, 90 92 93 93 93 25576­Brokdorf,­Germany 90 Phone:­+49­4829­752560 84 Web: www.preussenelektra.de 80 78 70 First­synchronisation:­ 10-14-1986 60 Date­of­commercial­operation:­­ 12-22-1986 Design electrical rating (gross): 1,480 MW 50 Design electrical rating (net): 1,410 MW Reactor type: PWR 44 40 Supplier: Siemens/KWU The following operating results were achieved: 30 Operating­period,­reactor:­­ 7,682­h Gross­electrical­energy­generated­in­2019:­­ 10,153,212­MWh 20 Net­electrical­energy­generated­in­2019:­­ 9,635,834­MWh Gross electrical energy generated since 10 first­synchronisation­until­12-31-2019:­­ 360,721,021­MWh Net electrical energy generated since 0 84 93 93 93 93 52 91 88 first­synchronisation­until­12-31-2019:­­ 342,884,965­MWh 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Availability­factor­in­2019:­­ 87.69­% Availability­factor­since date­of­commercial­operation:­­ 89.78­% Collective radiation dose of own and outside personnel in Sv Capacity­factor­2019:­­ 82.34­% Capacity factor since 10 date­of­commercial­operation:­­ 85.94­% Downtime 9 (schedule­and­forced)­in­2019:­­ 12.31­% Number­of­reactor­scrams­2019:­­ 0 8 Licensed annual emission limits in 2019: 7 Emission of noble gases with plant exhaust air: 1.0 · 1015 Bq Emission of iodine-131 with plant exhaust air: 6.0 · 109 Bq 6 Emission­of­nuclear­fission­and­activation­products with plant waste water (excluding tritium): 5.55 · 1010 Bq 5 Proportion of licensed annual emission limits for radioactive materials in 2019 for: 4 Emission­of­noble­gases­with­plant­exhaust­air:­­ 0.075­% Emission­of­iodine-131­with­plant­exhaust­air:­­ 0.087­% 3 Emission­of­nuclear­fission­and­activation­products with plant waste water (excluding tritium): 0.0005 % 2 Collective dose: 0.158 Sv 1 0.13 0.22 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.16 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Report Operating results 2019 atw Vol.