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From Socialism to Open Cooperativism: Convergences and Divergences in the Work of Castoriadis, Olin Wright and Bauwens & Kostakis by Dr

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From Socialism to Open Cooperativism: Convergences and Divergences in the Work of Castoriadis, Olin Wright and Bauwens & Kostakis by Dr Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science Volume 18 Issue 4 Version 1.0 Year 2018 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X From Socialism to Open Cooperativism: Convergences and Divergences in the Work of Castoriadis, Olin Wright and Bauwens & Kostakis By Dr. Papadimitropoulos Evangelos Free University of Amsterdam Abstract- This article attempts at integrating core socialist elements, analyzed through the prism of Castoriadis’s and Wright’s work, into a model of open cooperativism between Commons- based peer production, ethical market entities and a partner state, introduced by Bauwens and Kostakis. It concludes with a critical appraisal of Bauwens and Kostakis’s model. Keywords: socialism, castoriadis, wright, bauwens and kostakis, open cooperativism. GJHSS-F Classification: FOR Code: 160699p FromSocialismtoOpenCooperativismConvergencesandDivergencesintheWorkofCastoriadisOlinWrightandBauwens Kostakis Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2018. Dr. Papadimitropoulos Evangelos. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. From Socialism to Open Cooperativism: Convergences and Divergences in the Work of Castoriadis, Olin Wright and Bauwens & Kostakis Dr. Papadimitropoulos Evangelos Abstract- This article attempts at integrating core socialist I build on Castoriadis’s and Wright’s work by elements, analyzed through the prism of Castoriadis’s and introducing Bauwens and Kostakis’s model of open 2018 Wright’s work, into a model of open cooperativism between cooperativism, which, I argue, integrates some core Commons-based peer production, ethical market entities and a socialist elements penetrating both Castoriadis’s and ear partner state, introduced by Bauwens and Kostakis. It Y Wright’s work. I make the case that, in comparison with concludes with a critical appraisal of Bauwens and Kostakis’s Castoriadis’s project and Wright’s socialist 7 model. transformation strategy, Bauwens and Kostakis’s model Keywords: socialism, castoriadis, wright, bauwens and of open cooperativeism carries the advantage of kostakis, open cooperativism. sketching out some more concrete pathways towards a post-capitalist society built on the premises of information and communication technologies. The Internet and free/open source software/hardware can his paper is an attempt to rethink the content of mutatis mutandis sustain glocal mutual coordination of socialism under the conditions of the neoliberal Commons-based peer production that has the potential hegemony today. To this end, I begin by critically T to force capitalism to adjust to a Commons transition in demonstrating two versions of socialism, developed by two ostensibly disparate thinkers, Cornelius Castoriadis the long run. However, Bauwens and Kostakis’s model does not come without deficiencies. They seem at times and Erik Olin Wright. Castoriadis was a greek-french philosopher, best recognized for his articles published in to stick to a technocratic and economistic vision of self- institutionalization. To address this limitation, it is crucial ) the journal Socialisme ou Barbarie from the period of F 1949 till 1965. His thought flourished in the midst of the to give a more vibrant political spin to their technical and ( Volume XVIII Issue IV Version I French intellectual milieu marked by the currents of bio-economic rationality with the aim to reverse the current tide of individualism towards a voluntary existentialism, phenomenology, post-structuralism, cooperative political ecology. It is essential to reinvent psychoanalysis, and Marxism. In the 40 issues of the the political to face the big challenges lying at the journal, Castoriadis developed a radical critique of both intersection of technology, economy, and society. capitalism and Marxism, resulting in the redefinition of - the content of socialism as crystallized in his project of individual and collective autonomy. Later on, the evolution of his thought will culminate in his magnum opus The Imaginary Institution of Society and the Castoriadis is an emblematic figure of subsequent six volumes of the Crossroads in the continental philosophy, influenced by a heterogeneous Labyrinth. Erik Olin Wright, on the other, is a current of thought, including ancient Greek philosophy, contemporary social theorist whose work has developed post-structuralism, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, in the aftermath of the collapse of the so-called “really and Marxism, to name just a few.He joined the existing socialism” in the Eastern bloc regimes, followed communist party in Greece in 1941, but he abandoned it in 1942, accusing it of chauvinism, authoritarianism, and by the current expansion of neoliberal capitalism. Global Journal of Human Social Science Similarly to Castoriadis, he has articulated a critique of centralism. He then joined the Trotskyist group of Agis “orthodox” Marxism, envisioning a socialist utopia within Stinas, but he left it also to form together with Claude and beyond capitalism. Despite their different Lefort an autonomous group in France, which published conceptual and historical contexts, the work of Cornelius the journal Socialisme ou Barbarie from 1949 till 1965. Castoriadis and Eric Olin Wright share a common trait: In the 40 issues of the journal, Castoriad is the theoretical elaboration of a socialist society. developed his project of individual and collective autonomy, which epitomizes his conceptualization of Author: Post doc fellow (Free University of Amsterdam), fellow visitor socialism. Castoriadis’s radical approach manifests, for (University of Limerick). e-mail: [email protected] instance, in his article Socialism and Autonomous ©2018 Global Journals From Socialism to Open Cooperativism: Convergences and Divergences in the Work of Castoriadis, Olin Wright and Bauwens & Kostakis Society, published in 1979, where he emphatically presupposition of freedom and vice versa. He conceives argues, already in the first page, that we should equality not in a “natural” or “metaphysical” sense, but abandon both the terms “communism” and “socialism”, in a political sense of duties and rights equal for all. for they have become ambiguous and mystified both in However, in Castoriadis, equality transcends the liberal the totalitarian regimes of the Eastern bloc and the so- rights of modernity – which he considers partial and called socialist democracies of the West.1 The term incomplete– by expanding into the freedom of all to “socialism” seems “value-laden” since it attributes to participate in power, that is, the capacity of “…bringing society a substantive primacy over the individual.2But, someone to make/do what they would not have for Castoriadis, the concept of the individual is equally otherwise, in full knowledge of the relevant facts, willed ambiguous. What is the individual? Castoriadis holds to make/do”.7 Castoriadis distinguishes between two that the individual has been a product of heteronomy in kinds of power: the instituted power, identified as the most of history. In archaic societies, the individual is political, and the instituting power, identified as politics. formed by the rules established by ancestors and The political consists in the existing laws of society religion. In the so-called liberal societies, a small created by tradition, religion and established authorities, 2018 minority of individuals exploits the vast majority of whereas politics signifies the freedom of the polis to individuals while representative democracy is a constantly question and remake its laws a new through ear 8 Y semblance of democracy dominated by the rational public deliberation. Politics refers to the deliberate self- 8 mastery of capitalism. In the so-called socialist institutionalization of society. Since there is necessarily societies, the individual is oppressed and exploited by a power in society, inequality of power translates into Communist bureaucracy.3 inequality of freedom. To overcome this inequality, In contrast to heteronomy, Castoriadis argues Castoriadis conceives of socialism as the self- for the autonomous development of the individual, the institutionalization of society by collective management first instance of which dates back to the birth of introduced first and foremost at the level of production philosophy and democracy in ancient Greece.4Thus, the and expanding accordingly on all levels of society. individual develops in tune with a self-reflective and Socialism consists in the abolition of the division autonomous collectivity. Whence, the definition of between directors and executants, which penetrates socialism by Castoriadis: liberal democracy, capitalism and “orthodox” Marxism, What was intended by the term ‘socialist society’ we and the expansion of individual and collective autonomy 9 henceforth call autonomous society. An auto- on all levels of society. Socialism is thus a form of nomous society implies autonomous individuals- collective management, operating in terms of individual and collective autonomy. But how can this collective ) and vice versa .Autonomous society, autonomous F management function at the level of economy and ( individuals: free society, free individuals. Freedom- Volume XVIII Issue
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