Report on the Progress and Condition of the United States National Museum
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nniyaiuiniHfliuuiiiiuuill Q 11 U52Z i CRLSSI SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1936 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1937 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. -- -------- Price 15 cents United States National Museum, Under Direction of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C, October 15, 1936, Sir : I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present condition of the United States National Museum and upon the work accomplished in its various departments during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936. Very respectfully, Alexander Wetmore, Assistant Secretary. Dr. Charles G. Abbot, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. n CONTENTS Page Operations for the year 1 Appropriations 1 Collections 3 Explorations and field work 4 Assistance from work relief agencies 7 Educational work 8 Visitors 9 Library 10 Publications 12 Photographic laboratory 13 Buildings and equipment 13 Meetings and special exhibits 14 Changes in organization and staff 15 Detailed reports on the collections 17 Department of anthropology 17 Department of biology 27 Department of geology 43 Department of arts and industries 53 Division of history 68 List of accessions 73 List of Museum publications 115 in : : REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1936 By Alexander Wetmore Assistant Becretary of the Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the National Museum OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR APPROPRIATIONS The regular funds for the maintenance and operation of the United States National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1936, were provided by appropriations carried in the Executive and Independent Offices Act approved February 2, 1935. Additional funds, for the purchase of the airplane Winnie Mae and for binding, from an appro- priation to the Smithsonian Institution for printing and binding, were provided in the First Deficiency Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1936, approved June 22, 1936. Allotments for the National Museum are summarized as follows Preservation of collections $594, 578 Maintenance and operation 125, 672 Printing and binding (regular) 7,992 Additional funds For purchase of airplane Winnie Mae 25, 000 For binding 7, 500 Total available for year 760, 742 The amount availa^ble for the Museum for 1936 was $44,671 more than that for 1935. Of this sum the amount for salaries was $24,685 more than for last year, this representing the final elimination of the pay cuts instituted under economy measures in the fiscal year 1933. The actual return under this pay restoration was greater than the sum indicated, as there were certain reductions in the regular salary rolls due to the transfer of salary funds amounting to $815 to the Disbursing Office of the Treasury Department and to a decrease in personnel through the closing of the Museum's heating and lighting plant now that our heat is obtained from the Government Central Heating Plant and all electric power purchased. The allotment for printing and binding was increased by $9,108, most of this coming from a deficiency appropriation to the Smith- sonian for printing and binding from which the Museum received 1 2 KEPOET OF THE NATIOliJ'AL MUSEUM, 19 3 6 $7,500. Printing for the year, unfortunately, had to remain at an absolute minimum, a condition that has been partially rectified for the fiscal year 1937. Interest in the contributions of the aviator Wiley Post to the progress of aviation, aroused by his tragic death in Alaska on August 15, 1935, brought a special appropriation of $25,000 for the purchase of Post's plane, the Winnie Mae, as an addition to the Museum's aeronautical collections. Adjustments in the appropriation for maintenance and operation, as a result of our heat being fur- nished from the Government Central Heating Plant, have effected a saving of $14,122. The number of positions in the Museum and the amount available for miscellaneous expenditures were the same as for last year. Prac- tically all departments of the Museum are undermanned, so that the work relating to the classification and arrangement of exhibits and specimens to make them fully accessible and useful is still greatly in arrears. This is particularly unfortunate since our principal respon- sibility to the public is the preservation for permanent use of the valuable collections in our care. Furthermore, the number of workers responsible for the maintenance of the Museum, especially the guard, labor, and char forces, are quite inadequate, and additional assist- ance is seriously needed in the curatorial and subprofessional groups concerned with the care of the collections. Under present conditions the proper guarding of the Museum buildings can be accomplished only by denying the guards full compensatory leave for Sunday and holiday service. Not only do they suffer in this regard, but unfortunately the public must be denied access to some of our exhibits for part of the week-end periods when the largest number of visitors are in the city. Another year has passed without the salary promotions earned by many members of the staff. Although basic salaries have now been restored, following the economy pay cuts, it is of great importance that the Museum be fairly comparable with other Government de- partments in regard to promotions for efficient service. In the guard, labor, and char forces there has been an excessive turn-over of per- sonnel because better opportunities are offered elsewhere. The scien- tific personnel has to a large extent been loyal in remaining, but unless some improvement in the situation can soon be made, it will be increasingly difficult to obtain and retain staff workers of the highest order, since they cannot be expected to ignore better oppor- tunities elsewhere. As in past years the char force was employed for only three hours a day in cleaning offices, laboratories, and exhibition halls. In com- paratively recent years the number of the Museum'^ exhibition cases has doubled, and this has resulted in much more glass to clean ; labora- tories, too, have been filled to capacity with storage cabinets. Through OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR 6 all this the daily work of cleaning has been doubled. To care for this increment the period of labor for the char force should be increased from three to five hours daily. Under present conditions the build- ings cannot be kept properly clean. Though there was a slightly increased allotment for printing and binding for the year, this was due entirely to the deficiency appro- priation, and the added funds were allotted to binding books for the library. No additional funds were supplied for the printing re- quirements of the Museum, a matter of grave importance, since there was little more than enough for the printing of necessary forms and labels. The scientific publications of the Museum, therefore, suffered as in the preceding year. Manuscripts based on our collec- tions, which contain information of great value to scientific workers throughout the country, are thus still unavailable for use. Though the situation regarding the binding of reference books and pamphlets remains serious, great improvement was made as a result of the funds allotted from the deficiency appropriation. Funds for binding, how- ever, are an annual necessity, because bindings wear and periodicals and other publications that come in paper covers must be protected by permanent covers or they will be destroyed. COLLECTIONS The material added to the Museum collections during the year had high value and maintained the great variety found normally among the annual accessions. The large part, as usual, came as gifts from the many persons interested in the National Museum. Expeditions financed mainly from the private income of the Smithsonian Insti- tution added valuable and important series of specimens, particu- larly in the fields of archeology and biology. New material was received in 1,784 separate accessions, with a total of 486,581 specimens distributed among the five departments as follows: Anthropology, 4,856; biology, 263,705; geology, 213,024; arts and industries, 2,281; and history, 2,715. For examination and report 1,519 lots of specimens were received, the majority being geological and botanical material. Part was returned by request to the senders, when it was not consumed during the process of identification and analysis, and part was retained for the collections as gifts. Gifts of duplicates to schools and other educational institutions numbered 3,660 specimens, including material from all departments of the Museum. Exchanges of duplicate material with other insti- tutions and individuals totaled 19,320 specimens, and 45 specimens were transferred to other Government agencies. Loans to workers outside of Washington aggregated 38,945 individual specimens. : 4 KEPOET OF THE IJiTATIOl^AL MUSEUM, 19 3 6 Following is a summary of entries now covered in the Museum catalogs Anthropology 684, 859 Biology 11, 903, 281 Geology 2, 400, 007 Arts and industries 124,715 History 497, 325 Total 15, 610, 187 EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK Work in a number of interesting fields of exploration was carried forward during the year, mainly through grants from the income of the invested funds of the Smithsonian Institution. At the request of the Society for Georgia Archeology, Frank M. Setzler, acting head curator of anthropology, investigated a large shell midden on St. Simon Island, Ga., during the last two weeks of February. In connection with excavations at the Glynn County airport, he spent several days making surface surveys on Sea, Sapelo, and Jel^ll Islands, as well as on the mainland. Following this he made a rapid reconnaissance in the Chattahoochee Valley near Columbus, Ga. Under the joint auspices of the National Geographic Society and the Smithsonian Institution, Henry B.