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CRVA Report – Sierra Leone
Country Risk and Vulnerability Assessment SIERRA LEONE DECEMBER 2017 ECOWAS COMMISSION COMMISSION DE LA CEDEAO COMMISSÃO DA CEDEAO Country Risk and Vulnerability Assessment: Sierra Leone | 1 DISCLAIMER: The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Cover photo accessed under CC0/Public Domain License from goodfreephotos.com Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 4 Message from the President of the ECOWAS Commission .................................................................................... 6 Statement from the Vice President of the ECOWAS Commission ......................................................................... 7 Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Research Process .............................................................................................................................................. -
Governance and Political Economy Constraints to World Bank CAS Priorities in Sierra Leone
Governance and Political Economy Constraints to World Bank CAS Priorities in Sierra Leone James A. Robinsony October 2008 I am greatly indebted to Mohamed Gibril Sesay without whose assistance and wisdom I would never have been able to undertake this research. Most of the ideas I discuss here formed during discussions with him. I am also particularly indebted to Ishac Diwan who suggested and facilitated this research and most important challenged me to make it ambitious. I would also like to thank Doug Addison, Juan Costain, Engilbert Gud- mundsson, and Nicola Smithers for their suggestions and all of the people who gave so generously of their time in Freetown, Bo and Koidu. The views expressed in this paper are my own and not those of the World Bank Group. yHarvard University, Department of Government, IQSS, 1737 Cambridge Street N309, Cambridge, MA 01238; e-mail: [email protected]. Abstract In this paper I discuss the political economy of Sierra Leone and how it should in‡uence the World Bank’sCountry Assistance Strategy (CAS). The main focus of the research is to try to understand the extent to which the perverse political incentives which drove the country into poverty and civil war between 1961 and 1991 have re-asserted themselves since the return of peace in 2002. This question is made particularly compelling by the return to power in 2007 of the All People’sCongress Party, who presided over the decline of the country. My preliminary conclusion is that while there are some obvious changes in the political environment, appeal remains in the political strategies which were so costly to the nation and some new forces which have emerged have potentially perverse consequences. -
Zack-Williams PD.Indd
The Quest for Sustainable POST-CONFLICT AFRICAN STATES such as Sierra Leone, The Quest for face critical challenges as they embark on the complex tasks of reconciliation, peace and the rebuilding of war-torn societies. Conflict transformation ultimately depends on the Sustainable Development democratisation of society, in ways that promote equitable inclusiveness in the political process, social justice and the promotion of citizenship rights. and Peace This collection of three essays explores the significance of Democracy, Development and Peace Sierra Leone’s 2007 elections in the light of the quest of the people for a democracy that is responsive to social demands, welfare and popular aspirations. It provides first- hand information and analysis of the struggles of the Sierra Leonean citizens to overcome the legacy of a traumatic past, by using their vote to sanction bad governance, and choose a path to a good life and sustainable democracy as the most viable guarantee for peace and development. CONTRIBUTIONS BY Fantu Cheru, The Nordic African Institute Osman Gbla, University of Sierra Leone The 2007 A.B. Zack-Williams, University of Central Lancashire Zubairu Wai, York University Sierra Leone Elections Edited by A.B. Zack-Williams ISBN 978-91-7106-619-0 Nordiska Afrikainstitutet With a Foreword by Fantu Cheru The Nordic Africa Institute P.O. Box 1703 SE-751 47 Uppsala, Sweden www.nai.uu.se P O L IC Y DI AL O G UE N O . 2 THE NORDIC AFRIC A In S T I T U T E The Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa in the Nordic region. -
The Police Ordinance, 1950
1538 Cap. 150] Police CHAPTER 150. POLICE. ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS. SECTION. 1. Short title, commencement and application. 2. Interpretation. pART H.-CONSTITUTION AND EMPLOYMENT OF THE FORCE. 3. Establishment of Police Force. 4. General duties of the Police. 5. Constitution of the Force. 6. Appointment of Commissioner of Police. 7. (1) Appointment of Deputy Commissioner of Police. (2) Appointment of Acting Commissioner. 8. Delegation by Commissioner. PART IlL-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION. 9. Oaths for Officers. 10. Enlistment of Constables. 11. Declaration. 12. (1) Re-engagement. (8) Discharge or dismissal of Police. 13. Supernumerary constables. 14. Enlistment of special constables. 15. Powers duties and rank. 16. Equipment. 17. Refusal to serve or to obey lawful orders. 18. Power to terminate services. PART IV.-POWERS OF POLICE OFFICERS. 19. Prosecutions. 20. Power to arrest without having warrant in possession. 21. Summonses. 22. Fingerprints. 23. Power to close licensed premises in case of riot. 24. Provisions only to apply when put in force by proclamation. (1) Dispersal of assemblage in the public streets, etc: (2) Persons found in street in possession of sticks for the purpose of assisting in a disturbance. (3) Persons using provocative words . 25. Power to stop processions. 26. Power to regulate processions. 27. Traffic. 28. Idle and disorderly persons. PART V.-POLICE FIRE BRIGADES. 29. Police Fire Brigades. 30. Duties of Fire Commissioners and Police. Police [Cap. 150 1539 31. Establishment of Police Fire Brigades. 32. Authority vested in the senior Fire Commissioners. 33. Closing streets and removing persons. 34. Powers in relation to buildings. 35. Penalty for interference. 36. -
Consolidating Peace Liberia and Sierra Leone Consolidating Peace: Liberia and Sierra Leone Issue 23 Accord 23 Issue an International Review of Peace Initiatives
Accord Logo using multiply on layers 23 issue issue Logo drawn as Issue editors seperate elements Accord with overlaps an international review of peace initiatives coloured seperately Elizabeth Drew and Alexander Ramsbotham 2012 Consolidating peace Liberia and Sierra Leone Consolidating peace: Consolidating peace: Liberia and Sierra Leone Liberia and Sierra issue issue 23 23 Accord issue an international review of peace initiatives Consolidating peace Liberia and sierra Leone March 2012 // Issue editors Elizabeth Drew and Alexander Ramsbotham Accord // Issue 23 // www.c-r.org Published by Conciliation Resources, to inform and strengthen peace processes worldwide by documenting and analysing the lessons of peacebuilding Published by Acknowledgements Conciliation Resources Conciliation Resources would like to give 173 Upper Street, London N1 1RG special thanks for editorial and project advice and assistance provided by Carolyn Norris and www.c-r.org Sofia Goinhas. Telephone +44 (0) 207 359 7728 In addition we extend grateful thanks to our Fax +44 (0) 207 359 4081 authors, peer reviewers, photographers and Email [email protected] all those who have contributed to the conception UK charity registration number 1055436 and production of this publication: Eldridge Adolfo, Harold Aidoo, Ecoma Alaga, Editors Natalie Ashworth, Conrad Bailey, Catherine Elizabeth Drew and Alexander Ramsbotham Barley, Abu Brima, Rachel Cooper, Lisa Denney, Executive Director Said Djinnit, Sam Gbaydee Doe, Rasheed Draman, Andy Carl Comfort Ero, Richard Fanthorpe, Lans -
Sierra Leone Police
The Integration of a GENDER PERSPECTIVE in the SIERRA LEONE POLICE Dr. Aisha Fofana Ibrahim DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law The Integration of a GENDER PERSPECTIVE in the SIERRA LEONE POLICE Dr. Aisha Fofana Ibrahim DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law SLP Case Study_dps.indd 1 24/12/2012 11:51 Author Dr. Aisha Fofana Ibrahim Editor Ms. Anike Doherty Language editing by Ms. Cherry Ekins Layout by Ms. Alice Lake Hammond: www.alicehammond.com DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts tailored policy research, identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector governance, and provides in-country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. Visit us at: www.dcaf.ch DCAF’s Gender and Security Programme DCAF’s gender and security programme works through research, policy and technical advice, and regional projects to support the development of security sectors that meet the security needs of men, women, boys and girls, and the full participation of men and women in security sector institutions and security sector reform processes. Contact us at: [email protected] © DCAF, 2012. The information provided or the views expressed in this publication that are not separately referenced, are the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of DCAF. ISBN: 978-92-9222-232-1 Cite as: Dr. -
Sierra Leone, the Quest for Face Critical Challenges As They Embark on the Complex Tasks of Reconciliation, Peace and the Rebuilding of War-Torn Societies
The Quest for Sustainable POST-CONFLICT AFRICAN STATES such as Sierra Leone, The Quest for face critical challenges as they embark on the complex tasks of reconciliation, peace and the rebuilding of war-torn societies. Conflict transformation ultimately depends on the Sustainable Development democratisation of society, in ways that promote equitable inclusiveness in the political process, social justice and the promotion of citizenship rights. and Peace This collection of three essays explores the significance of Democracy, Development and Peace Sierra Leone’s 2007 elections in the light of the quest of the people for a democracy that is responsive to social demands, welfare and popular aspirations. It provides first- hand information and analysis of the struggles of the Sierra Leonean citizens to overcome the legacy of a traumatic past, by using their vote to sanction bad governance, and choose a path to a good life and sustainable democracy as the most viable guarantee for peace and development. CONTRIBUTIONS BY Fantu Cheru, The Nordic African Institute Osman Gbla, University of Sierra Leone The 2007 A.B. Zack-Williams, University of Central Lancashire Zubairu Wai, York University Sierra Leone Elections Edited by A.B. Zack-Williams ISBN 978-91-7106-619-0 Nordiska Afrikainstitutet With a Foreword by Fantu Cheru The Nordic Africa Institute P.O. Box 1703 SE-751 47 Uppsala, Sweden www.nai.uu.se P O L IC Y DI AL O G UE N O . 2 THE NORDIC AFRIC A In S T I T U T E The Nordic Africa Institute (Nordiska Afrikainstitutet) is a center for research, documentation and information on modern Africa in the Nordic region. -
Sierra Leone.Pdf
Sierra Leone 2020 OSAC Crime & Safety Report This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Embassy in Freetown. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in Sierra Leone. For more in-depth information, review OSAC’s Sierra Leone country page for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private- sector representatives with an OSAC password. Travel Advisory The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses Sierra Leone at Level 2, indicating travelers should exercise increased caution due to crime. Review OSAC’s report, Understanding the Consular Travel Advisory System. Overall Crime and Safety Situation Crime Threats The U.S. Department of State has assessed Freetown as being a CRITICAL-threat location for crime directed at or affecting official U.S. government interests. Victims rarely report crimes to the police for fear of reprisal and lack of trust in the systems in place to arrest and prosecute criminals. Robberies, home invasions, assaults, and petty street crimes continue to rise throughout the country. However, the rate of violent crime in Sierra Leone remains comparable with that of other West African countries. Sierra Leone continues to grapple with poverty, rising inflation, and high unemployment rates; this is especially so among the youth, who possess limited job prospects. More than 75% of Sierra Leoneans live below the national poverty line, with most making less than $2 per day. Economic desperation has fueled increases in crime. -
Multi-Choice Policing in Africa
Multi-Choice Policing in Africa Bruce Baker NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2008 Indexing terms: Police Conflicts Crime prevention Violence Safety Human security Social implications Africa south of Sahara Uganda Sierra Leone Cover photo: Bruce Baker A crowded street in Malakal, southern Sudan, with the police station in the background. Language checking: Elaine Almén Index: Margaret Binns ISBN 978-91-7106-603-9 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2008 Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab AB, Stockholm 2008 Contents 1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………… 5 2. The Genealogy and Analysis of Policing ……………… 10 3. Conflict, Crime and the Context of Policing in Africa ……………………………………………………………………… 31 4. The Historical Path of Policing in Africa …………… 50 5. Contemporary African Policing …………………………… 74 6. Who Is Policing Uganda? ………………………………………… 101 7. Who is Policing Sierra Leone? ………………………………… 131 8. Patterns of Multi-Choice Policing ………………………… 155 9. The Social and Political Implications …………………… 174 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………… 201 Acronyms …………………………………………………………………………… 219 Index ………………………………………………………………………………… 221 — C hap T E R 1 — Introduction Local actors can choose – to a certain extent – the insitution they approach to resolve problems… it is tempting … to refer to this as ‘institutional shopping’. (Bierschenk and de Sardan, 2003) Policing, in this book, is any organised activity, whether by the state or non-state groups, that seeks to ensure the maintenance of communal order, security and peace through elements of prevention, deterrence, investiga- tion of breaches, and punishment. Its condition in Africa is largely un- known. Surprisingly, state policing has scarcely been researched in Africa outside of South Africa and there is an even greater dearth of studies on non-state policing. The neglect is all the more unexpected, given the large output of studies on democracy and good governance in Africa and the fact that non-state policing agencies are valuable assets for advancing safety and security among the poor. -
The New Response to Sexual Violence in Sierra Leone: Structural Adjustments and Indicators in the Course of Justice Reform Todd Foglesong
The New Response to Sexual Violence in Sierra Leone: Structural Adjustments and Indicators in the Course of Justice Reform Todd Foglesong The world is brimming with indicators of justice and safety. Introduction From statistics on recorded crime and rates of victimization, to estimates of the global burden of armed violence, and Between 2011 and 2013 there was a structural compound indices of governance and the rule of law, national adjustment in the way the justice system in Sierra governments, civil society organizations, and development agencies are busily charting the world of justice and safety. Leone investigated and prosecuted sexual and Some indicators are conceived in London, Geneva, Paris, and gender-based violence. The police in the Western New York, and radiate outward. A small but growing number of indicators are born in the developing world. Since 2009, Region of the country began submitting the results of with funding from the United Kingdom’s Department for investigations of all cases of sexual and gender-based International Development, (DFID), the Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management (PCJ) at Harvard Kennedy violence to the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) School has been supporting state officials and civil society for “early legal advice”. The Principal State Counsel, organizations in Jamaica, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria to develop and use their own indicators to spark, reinforce, and the de facto deputy DPP, then reviewed the files in communicate progress toward strategic goals in justice and batches, sent suggestions back to the Assistant safety. In 2010 the PCJ began collaborating with officials in Papua New Guinea (PNG), extending existing efforts in the law Inspector General of the Police who supervised and justice sector funded by the Australian Government Aid investigators, and then convened small group Program (AusAID). -
Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections 2007 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections Volume 41
Couverture_Ang:Mise en page 1 27.3.2008 14:33 Page 1 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2007 CHRONICLE OF PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS VOLUME 41 Published annually in English and French since 1967, the Chronicle of Parliamen tary Elections reports on all national legislative elections held throughout the world during a given year. It includes information on the electoral system, the background and outcome of each election as well as statistics on the results, distribution of votes and distribution of seats according to political group, sex and age. The information contained in the Chronicle can also be found in the IPU’s database on national parliaments, PARLINE. PARLINE is accessible on the IPU web site (http://www.ipu.org) and is continually updated. Inter-Parliamentary Union VOLUME 41 5, chemin du Pommier Case postale 330 CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Geneva – Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 919 41 50 Fax: +41 22 919 41 60 2007 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ipu.org 2007 Chronicle of Parliamentary Elections VOLUME 41 1 January - 31 December 2007 © Inter-Parliamentary Union 2008 Print ISSN: 1994-0963 Electronic ISSN: 1994-098X Photo credits Front cover: Photo AFP/Pascal Pavani Back cover: Photo AFP/Tugela Ridley Inter-Parliamentary Union Office of the Permanent Observer of 5, chemin du Pommier the IPU to the United Nations Case postale 330 220 East 42nd Street CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Suite 3002 Geneva — Switzerland New York, N.Y. 10017 USA Tel.: + 41 22 -
The Chiefdoms of Sierra Leone
The Chiefdoms of Sierra Leone Tristan Reed1 James A. Robinson2 July 15, 2013 1Harvard University, Department of Economics, Littauer Center, 1805 Cambridge Street, Cambridge MA 02138; E-mail: [email protected]. 2Harvard University, Department of Government, IQSS, 1737 Cambridge Street., N309, Cambridge MA 02138; E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract1 In this manuscript, a companion to Acemoglu, Reed and Robinson (2013), we provide a detailed history of Paramount Chieftaincies of Sierra Leone. British colonialism transformed society in the country in 1896 by empowering a set of Paramount Chiefs as the sole authority of local government in the newly created Sierra Leone Protectorate. Only individuals from the designated \ruling families" of a chieftaincy are eligible to become Paramount Chiefs. In 2011, we conducted a survey in of \encyclopedias" (the name given in Sierra Leone to elders who preserve the oral history of the chieftaincy) and the elders in all of the ruling families of all 149 chieftaincies. Contemporary chiefs are current up to May 2011. We used the survey to re- construct the history of the chieftaincy, and each family for as far back as our informants could recall. We then used archives of the Sierra Leone National Archive at Fourah Bay College, as well as Provincial Secretary archives in Kenema, the National Archives in London and available secondary sources to cross-check the results of our survey whenever possible. We are the first to our knowledge to have constructed a comprehensive history of the chieftaincy in Sierra Leone. 1Oral history surveys were conducted by Mohammed C. Bah, Alimamy Bangura, Alieu K.