4 26 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , MAKC , 191211 H .

III.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM . CASH G . C ,Y B . F.R.S.G.S., CORE. MEM. Soo. ANT. SOOT. During September 1911 my wife and I spent some holiday time at Society'e th d ha Killin se reportPerthshire W th . n o s e Stone Circles, and also archaeologica . J Eomilll r paperM y b s Alien r HugD , h Macmillan. HaggartD r M whicn d i , an ,note e har d e antisomth f -eo quitiee districtth visitee f o sW . d severae place th d thingf o lan s s therein described reporw r additionano ou td an , l gleanings. 1." Dochart Bridge.— f Killi o e wesAt e maid th nth en t n road crosses the river Dochart by a stone bridge of two main arches. The bridge t builstraighta i sno n i t , line acros rivere st th make bu , slighsa t ogee curve whicr fo , h evideno thern s i e t reason. Just abov e bridgeth e streae th mdivides i westere th y db nislane parth f Inchbuidhf do o t , on whic s builh i e maith t n centra e bridgel northere th pie f Th o r . n channel is by far the more important, the southern one running only when the river is fairly high. Each arch carries on its eastern face a carved stone dating panel; the north one has under a crown the date e undes th ha soute d 183 e coronea th r an 0hon ; . B lettere . th t E . sI date 1760. It is curious that the letters and the figures 17 are carved in relief, but the figures 60 are incised. ' In the west face of the north arch are fixed two large nails, showing the height to which the water reached in two notable floods. 2. The McNab Salmon Trap.—As has been said, the southern channe Dochare th f o l t Killia t n bridge usually passe t littlsbu e water. rathes i t I r narrow acrosd bees an , s uppeha s it n d builen r wala t f o l very large blocks of stone, some of them secured by iron bars. The result of this arrangement is that when the river is in spate any salmon AECH^OLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM KILLIN. 265

that are then able to ;ascend the southern channel are stopped by the wall, and can easily be caught when the spate is over. e McTh Nab . 3 Burying-Ground. e maiTh n — centrae l th pie f o r bridge stands alreads a , yislane saidth Inchbuidhf n w do o , lo t a d an , wate possibls i t i r walo et k unde northere th r nbridge arcth d f ho ean gain access to the main part of the island, which is down stream from the bridge. This island contains the burial-ground of the McNabs. In the " good old days " the McNabs were the dominant race of this par Perthshirof t e; thei housold r Kinnelof e l still stands, though modernised ; and their deeds, especially the fierce deeds of " Smooth " John, for ma notabl e locae th parth f l o w tlegendary no t Bu . districte th n i Mt , thougcno Nab e t ar stimeha s partie thef so m visit the scenes of the former greatness of their clan. Their burial-place, however, remain Inchbuidhn o s romantica d an , , pathetic, somewhat melancholy plac. is t ei The usua la littl e islanaccesy th b e s o flighdi t s f stono t e steps down from the east side of the bridge. The whole island is perhaps about two hundred and fifty yards long. The surface of the western section is partly rock and partly mossy turf, and is all low-lying. massivNeao stepe tw rth e sear stone pillars littla d e an ,beyon d them a high wall stretches acros e islandth s , having three open archways e easterf thio th st d sectionA nen . it ,n i some seventy yards from the bridge, the level suddenly rises, and at the rise there is an earthen mound some five feet high, right across, quite suggesting an intention of defence e middlTh . e sectioe islandth f o n , some hundred an d thirty yard length n si highese th s i ,pathwae t th part d an ,y alon, git deep in turf and moss, has somewhat the character of an avenue. At its east end there stretches a ditch with an inner earthen rampart beyond, right across, again suggesting defensiv editche workth n ,I . and in front of the bank, is an imperfect and broken dry-stone dyke, and through an opening in this we enter the third section of the island, some sixty yards long, the burial-ground proper. 6 26 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , MARC , 191211 H .

Near the western end of this section is a walled enclosure within which the McNab chiefs used to be buried. The east and west walls have each on {he top one of those curious busts so common in ancient Scottish burial-grounds e heath ; d wit a hfla a heavyt d facan e, short bag-wige outside westh th n f tO o ea walbroke . s i d l an n badly mended marble slab in memory of a M°Nab who died in military servic n Spaini e . Withi e enclosureth n , onle stonon y e has a legible inscription, and that is a century old. The most interesting stone is a flat-lying one, with a curiously rude carving of a life-size image of a man, seemingly dressed in the kilt. The other stones are rough slabs, one having a round hole drilled through d anothean , it r bearing obscure carving something like what heralds cal "a l mill-rind." walle easTothe the of td enclosur graveordinarthe the of seare y members of the clan. Many grave-mounds can be seen, and some of them have rough stone slabs laid on them. Two stones stand erect. One centura , y old, bear grime verssa th f e,o ill-measured, admonitory kind, so often occurring on old tombstones. The other, a small one, has on its back a cherub, two crossed spades, a coffin, and the date 1776 s facIt e. bear inscriptione sth , " Hear lay core Patricf sth o s k M°Na Taylon bi Aucharnn ri dieo w ,d 1777. datese spellingTh e "th , , and the first " in " are curious. A visi thio t t s burial-ground, besides the. sadness natura placa o t l e of burial, gives also a feeling of regret at the failure and disappearance oa claf n once strong, though thid e landfierceth sAn n feelin.i , s gi intensified by the lack of care for the preservation of the memorials. The stones are moss- and turf-covered; the inscriptions, where any existed, have becom becomine ar r o e g illegible. transic "Si t gloria mundi." And as if to emphasise the lesson, the old kitchen range and cooking-pots from Kinnell House have been set up within a wooden frame in the middle section of the island, where, under the destructive influenc f exposuro e e weatherth o t e , they willone er l g ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM KILLIN. 267

soirejoie th l thosn ni e whom perchance they daye serveth s n i thad t moreo n e .ar 4. Kinnell Stone Circle. —Thi s has been properly reported in the Proceedings, vol. xliv I mentio .tha y orden t sa i consisti t t o ni t r s "e seve th stones x f o o si eighfr nt o no ,t " mentione Macmillanr D y db , and that after careful search we could not find the cup-marks he reports there.

Scale o(

Pig . Cup-marke1 . d Ston Mid-Lin eo x Farm.

. Cup-marked5 Stone Killinn o Shooting Range. — Thireportes wa s d Alier figured M an 1882n nhavi o seeme y t b d H t e. no srecognise d fully that the stone lies on the site of an obvious croft. The sites of house, garden, and cultivated field are all quite plain on the ground, stone th ed liean house soute s th justh f heo o t site, practicalls it t ya door. Dr Macmillan reported in 1884 the former use of the large " cu "pa knockin'-stane.s "a " 6. Cup-marked Stone on Mid-Lix Farm (fig. 1). — In 1882 or 1883 this was reported to Mr Alien by Mr Haggart ; it was shown to _me 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1912.

by Mr Haggart. It lies about 100 yards south of the railway, and 20 yard e sGle th eas triangulanf w o tOgl lo a e s i roadr t I pyrami. d; wese th tn o facecupe e th s,ar whic hangln a lie about f sea o t 35°d ,an measures 5 feet across its base, and just over 3 feet along its median line. It carries twenty-one cups, as shown in the figure. One cup has roun rina t di g 6J inche diametern si cupe Th s .var diameten yi r from 2J to 3 inches, and in depth from 4 to f inch. In his paper on " Cup-marked Stones near Aberfeldy," rea 1884n di r MacmillaD , n t knosaino wd a singl di tha e eh t exampl a concentri f o e c ring round a cup on the stones found on the shores of or in Glendochart or . I am reporting on just these districts, havd an e ove scora r ringef eo d cup reporto st . 7. Logan Stone t Cloichran.—a Cloichran e sout th a far n s hi mo sid Locf eo h Tay, abou mileo tw t s fro e loch e heacupth mA th f .do - marked ston beed eha n reporte e farms beinth da n ,g o but s thera , e wat sufficienno s t informatio s positionit o t r Haggars a M I n, d an t were not able to find it. But in our search we did find a rocking e seconstoneth n o d, terrac e hillsideth f o e , d som yard0 an , 40 e sup abou yard0 10 t dyke s th eas f eo ttha e hillsidt th run p u se froe mth most westerl e cottage th e e farmston f roundea th yo Th s n ei .so d boulder, 55 inches long, 28 inches wide, and 22 inches high. It rests on a small rounded exposure of rock, and swings about one inch. If its base were cleared from blown soil it would swing more freely. There previouo n seeme b o st knowledg thif eo s stone, thoug wels i n t hi i l sight of former dwellings. It is, of course, of geological rather than of archaeological interest, but sometimes one sees attempts to invest such stones with folklore associations. 8. " Footprint" at Morlagganmore.—Morlagganmore is a farm on the south side of the river Lochay, less than two miles above Lochay Bridge, and just opposite the Falls of the Lochay. About 100 yards north of the farmhouse, and 10 yards west of the farm road, is an outcro rocf po k bearin gcurioua s " footprint " hole, 13-|- inches long, ARCH^OLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM KILLIN. 269

6 inches wide, and about 6 inches deep, and narrowing downwards to 9-| inche inches2 y t b sI jus . t tooheavily-bootey m k d right foot. A natural crack in the rock runs obliquely across it. There is not sufficient evidenc s appearancit n ei determino et e certainly whether naturas i t i artificialr o l t looki t e compareb sbu , y artificialma dt I . with the inauguration stones of chiefs and kings, described by Captain Thoma e Proceedings,th n i s vol. . xiii28 . p .

of- feel- i

Fig . Cup-marke2 . d Roc t Morlagganmoreka , Glen Lochay.

9. Gup-marked Rocks at Morlagganmore (fig. 2).—I was told of one of these by Mr Haggart, but the farm people did not know of its existence t lieI .s abou yard0 20 t s housee soutmiddle th th f hn o i , e of the uppermost pasture. It is a large block of quartz schist stuck thick with garnets, and bearing fifteen cup-marks, only one of which, 3 inches in diameter and 1 inch deep, is really well defined, and several of which are faint. The surface of the stone seems much eroded by weather. 270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1912.

About 100 yards south-west of it is another rock with one well-cut cup, 3 inches in diameter and 1| inches deep, and also a doubtful or faint one. 10. Gup-marked Boulder on Duldravaig Farm.—Duldravaig farm is nearl ymila e dow Lochae nth y valley from Morlagganmore passinn I . g througspoke d farmee ha th I o nt t rh i there about cup-marked stones, assureds andwa that there wa 0 suco sn 15 h t farms thinhi Bu n .g o yards in front of his house, and at the side of the driving road, I found

of FeelT

Pig . Cup-marke3 . d Roc t Duncroiskka .

o nbouldea well-cue on r t cup, 2J inche diameten si f inc d h an rdeep , and also a poor cup near it. I drew attention to these, and asked that such things should be looked for and noted. . Cup-marked11 Rock t Duncroiska , 7)6 ., —5 n Thi, (figso 4 s , i s3 . the north side of the Lochay, and about three miles above Lochay Haggartr M I wonde y d b showan e s , Bridgem r wa thao nt t t I i t. has not previously been reported. A keeper's cottage stands at the roadside, and the rock is right opposite the cottage, near the river. The outcrop of rock is about 100 yards long, and of very variable £,c.<2.le. of-

6 7 Feet

Figs. 4 and 5. Cup-marked Rocks at Duncroisk. 272 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 1912H11 .

<=—ux<-

2.

Tee-t

Figs. 6 and 7. Cup-marked Rocks at Duncroisk. ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM KILLIN. 273 widt f exposureho rund an ,s N.E S.Wd severan O an . . l parts there are groups of cup-marks, and I sketched five of these groups. There were also two other groups, one having a cup 4 inches in diameter and several poo othee r th ones d r witp havinan , cu hrin a e inche0 g1 gon s

>f Feet

Fig . Cup-marke8 . d Slab, Duncroisk. n diametei a secon d witp an r countede cu fainha w l t al ringd n I . 152 cups, of which 17 had single rings and 2 had double rings. In fig. 3 the joining of the incomplete rings is notable. 12. Cup-marked Slab at Duncroisk (fig. 8). — I heard that a loose slab of stone bearing cup-marks had been seen at the roadside not far froe cup-marketh m d rock t severabu , l visit f searco s d an h VOL. XLVI. 18 274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1912.

inquiry faile discoveo goodt y B d . chanc t ait r formeme eI r tenant of the farm, and he told me where it lay. He had used it as the foundation stretchine stonth f eo easterne th f gsoute o posth d -t ha en t most fence on the farm, and there I found it, near the brink of the river, buried in sand and turf. I cleared it, and then in pouring rain crouched over it to make a hasty sketch. It bears eighteen cups,

-ale of < Z 5 + 5 g T 8 9 Feet Fig. 9. Cup-marked Rock, Tirarthur, Loch Tayside.

of which fiv surroundee ear ringslargesy e db Th . t cup 2e Jsar inches ringe th inches6 d an diametern si . 13. Cup-marked Rock at Tirarthur (fig. 9).—My knowledge of this I r Haggartd alsM ha owo r o Alieo t reportee M wh n 188,ni o t t 2di or 1883. Tirarthur is a farm on the north side of Loch Tay, about a a hal mild f an eeas f Lochao t y Bridge. Jus e farmhoust th eas f o t e fiela d road leads down almose locth ho t tlevel . Herknolla s ei , probably natural t possiblbu , y artificial, toppe rocky db y massesd an , ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM KILLIN. 275 overshadowed by a big larch tree. Some 70 feet west of this knoll is a small rocky ledge, with cup-marks as sketched. The rock surface, which measures 12|- feet by 7 feet, is very irregular, and bears twenty- six cup seventeed san n small punctures.

s ^/1/) ITAS /

5coj£ 4 o/ 7 8 Feet I————L-

Fig. 10. Cup-marked Bock at Cragantoll.

. Cup-marked14 Rock t Cragantolla (fig. 10).—Cragantol a far s i ml e nortonth h sid Locf eo h Tay, abou milex si t s eas f Lochato y Bridge. The ridge of rock that bears the cups lies some 150 yards of? the road, runs east and west, and commands a wide outlook over Loch Tay and the surrounding country. This rock has several times been referred 276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1912.

to by Mr Alien, Dr Macmillan, and others, but, as far as I know, has not previously been plotted. On it I counted ninety-five cups, some of them very faint, as though weathered away. Most of them are e higheoth n rockre parth f , o twher eI foun e seventy-twth d o cups shown in the figure. The largest are 3 inches in diameter and 2 inches deep. Other cups, twenty-thre n numberi e e scatterear , d smallen i r groups abou cupe e rockth tOn , .nea e south-easth r f o t

,3

Fig. 11. Cup Limestonn si e Rock, Morenish.

the rock, is 4 inches in diameter and 2i inches deep. Besides the cups counted, there are numerous slight markings that might represent cups that have weathered away. . Cup-marks15 Limestonen i Rock near Morenish (fig. 11). — Morenish iarm is on the north side of Loch Tay, and about two miles east of Lochay Bridge. The hillside to the north of the road all along there s manha y outcrop f limestono s e ledges. Abou a quartet a mil f o er east of the Morenish Memorial Chapel there is on the south side of the road a white cottage. Right opposite to this an old ruined dyke ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FEO7 27 M KILLIN.

runs straight up the hill, and points directly to the ledge bearing the cups. This ledge is fully 400 yards from the road, and is a little higher e hilu e th pnorth-wes l a littlth than d o t enotabla an ,, of t y large boulder lying on the hillside. Mr Haggart had seen the ledge many years ago, and had pointed it out to Dr Macmillan. Even with the assistanc locaa f eo l mucd farmeha e h w rdifficult findinn d i y an , git d searcheha d many hundred f yardo s f ledgeo s s befor Haggarr M e t rediscovered it. A little to the east of it and slightly higher up littla e hill th n o e, plateau e ruinth f housese o ssomewha e ar , Th . t rounded surface of the rock bearing the cups measures about 3J feet by 2| feet, and has on it six cups, five of them of large sizes. I give in inche diametero tw s deptd san h for eac f theho m :—, 2| Ax 66 |x

B 61 x5| x 2|, C 6 x6 x2J, D 5| x5 xlf, E 5 x4 xlf. A natural crack runs across the west part of the stone, intersecting what looks like an artificial cup of small size, and several slight cavities that are probably natural. This example seems notable for the size of the cups, and the kind' of rock in which they are cut. 16. Sliding-stone near Kiltyrie.—Kiltyrie is a farm about half way between Morenish and Cragantoll. As I was cycling along the road I noticed a curious light streak on the face of a great rock some 200 yard t onca s s e roadsoute e awaremindewa fielth th a I f hn o .yo d i t d e sliding-stonoth f t Mainea f Murthlyo s , near Aberfeldy d goinan , g across I found a large rock or boulder with a well-worn slide 12 feet e surfac s Th glass wa e. it ylon n smoothgo slippero s , y that when I stepped on to it to take its measure I promptly sat down, and made an involuntary descent I searche .roce th kl massedal t s bu nea , it r found no marks of cups. The neighbouring farmer knew nothing speciae slida th l s t a abouea e stonee us th tr doe n i no ,t e see si b mo t present time ; certainly there is little population near. . Baron-court17 Mound t a Kiltyrie.— Just opposit e farmth e - steading of Kiltyrie, and close to the road, an inconspicuous mound 278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1912.

s beina wa e formen sgi m pointe o t rt day dou e plac th s f meetineo g of Baron-court e settlinth r s fo disputes f go . t Fillan'sS . 18 Stones (fig. 12).—A e north-westh t t e corneth f o r Dochart Bridge at Killin stands the meal mill, on the site tradition- ally occupied by a succession of mills. In this mill are preserved what are known as St Fillan's Stones. The Old Statistical Account, 1796, curiously makes no mention of

t Fillan'S . 12 s . CurinKg g Stones.

them, though an account is there given of the treatment of mad people at St Fillan's Pool, and of St Fillan's Bell. From John Shearer's Antiquities n ,i Perth, N.D. [1836], I copy this account: " It would appear that St Fillan acted as judge as well as priest. The seat where he decreed justice is at Killin : it is entire sid e appeard th e rocke t an ,th A f havo .o st t e ou bee t ncu t ogrowi f larga s treeh eas , whic s helhi d e nativessacreth y db s a , no'person branchese wilth f l o bur y n,an although groune falleth o nt d; nor destroy them in any manner. However, there was one who had ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FRO9 27 M KILLIN.

e hardihoo th e branchesth f cabero a tako dr e t fo repai,o eon t , s hi r house : strange to tell, the first fire that was kindled burned it to the ground, as a punishment for this impious sacrilege. Of course, no person since has troubled it, or taken any of the wood. The branches that fall lie till they rot. " There is a mill here which they call St Fillan's mill, standing about twenty yards westward, on the banks of the Dochart, which goe e years th wel l , al lexcep t Fillan'S t s day e 20t th f Januar, ho y; but it will not go on that day without doing a great deal of mischief. One miller had the boldness to keep it going on that day, when some of the machinery broke to pieces and killed the miller. No one has ever attempte keeo dt t pgoini g sincepresene Th . t miller woult dno t i agoin t se than go t daymade b laire , o eth althougt f do s wa e hh the glen. Adjoining the mill is an old house, where some of the relics of St Fillan lie. The house was repaired since his time ; but gabld ol en a still remains thin I s. gable ther squara s ei e hole, where a number of circular stones are kept for rubbing the bodies of invalids that are troubled with pains. Each stone has its particular part assigne rubbede b o e dt head th . r , fo First whice on ,s large hi e th , shape similar to a skull. The old woman rubs the head three times one way ; then reverse three times ; then three times round the head ; she at the same time pronounces a Gaelic benediction; they are then cured. Second, one for the back, in which the old woman says you will see a resemblance of all the joints of the back on the stone, while going throug e samhth e ceremon formerlys ya . s Thirdha e sh , eacr fo h e bode the n sidth o wilu on linee f my; e o yo se l shap n si f eo e formee ribth th s; r ceremon s heri y e gone through. Thers wa e e sidth on ef o estone s taken awa y; accordin e storyth t o gcami t , e back itself e belly . a flatth f r Fourtho ,, fo roun e on ,d shapd an e; the above ceremony gone through. The stones have to be bedded once in the year in sand and hay, on St Fillan's day. The matron is not allowed to charge any pence, but looks for a present as a recom- 280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1912.

penc curinr efo invalide gth theif so r painsr ancestorHe . herseld san f pay no rent, but have kept up this ceremony these many centuries back, probably since the time of the saint. " The miller is obliged to keep a number of geese, and a white cock, injunctioan sa saint.e nth lefy b "t StatisticalThw eNe Account, 1845, after describin e treatmenth g t of insane people, and recording the theft " about forty years ago " of the bell, goes on to say: " At the mill of Killin, there were long kept a stone called Fillan's Chair, and seven small round stones that beed ha n consecrate e saint th endowed y an ,db d wit e powehth f o r curing diseases. Eacs peculia it f the ho d mha r merit. a The t ygo fresh bed each Christmas eve from the straw and weeds cast ashore by the river. Five of them are still preserved at the mill, where they ma examinee yb curious.e th y db " e Proceedingsth n I f thio s Society for 1880 r AndersoD , n reports a communication from Mr Charles Stewart of Killin, of which I copy part: " Not very long ago the villagers assembled on the saint's day [9th January], and put clean straw under the stones. They were considere efficacioue b o dt casen i s insanitf so rheumatismd yan . Mr Stewart describes the s mcommoa n stones takef o d n be fro e mth e riverth . The e haryar d quartzose boulders e largesth , t weighing 8 Ibs. 10 oz. There are seven or eight of them. What specially intereste statemene th then i s Stewarr e mM wa dm f o t t that somf eo them had shallow rounded cavities or markings on them, which are wider at the surface of the stone and grow narrower to the bottom. From all that I can make out, without seeing the stones themselves, I believe that thos markeeo s tha e merele ar tdar e sockeyth t stones in which the spindle of the upper millstone used to work." Mr Stewart himself, in his book The Gaelic Kingdom in Scotland, 1880, says of the Healing Stones of Faolan: " There are eight stones so designated, which from time immemorial have been preservet da Faolan's Mill at Killin. They are preserved in a niche in the wall, ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS PROM KILLIN. 281

and at each renewing of the mill, such has been duly made for them. They are small stones in the rough, evidently taken from the adjoining d f theso an rivere e centr, eholeo th it On stonetw f n . i o ses ha s another, now broken, evidently had the same. Mr Anderson suggests that these were sockets for the spindle of the upper millstone ; and after his kindly showing me some stones in the museum of a similar kind I quit, e concur stonese witth hf o him,e howevere On .th s ha , segment of a circle cut in it, which seems to point to something more ancient than Faolan. Peter M'Gibbon, the village archaeologist, tells me that he remembers when the whole inhabitants turned out on Faolan's day and put clean straw under them." Dr Macmillan in his book Highland Tay, 1901, says: " There were time on e the f t fiva o meo stonetw wermille t th ebu ,n s i unaccountabl y lost. I found the missing ones, bleached to their original purity by lon showergd exposur an tombston a n n o ,su o et lonela n ei y burying- groun e Mth cDiarmids f do , called Cladh Dhavie shorth f Locn eo o , h Tay, below Morenish." The doctor does not explain how he identified thes I fine n dstones ca anythin r no , supporo gt suggestions hi t . presene th t A t tim stonee eth e kepe receswala e th sar f th n i to l n si mill, behin lockea d d millee showe gratingth ar e " o y t rth d nb an , curious. r frofa mf freso o S havin "d h be straw ga foune w , d them e reces f sootth lyin o thicr a sd fo n ,gi communicatek be crevicey sb s e walinth l e kiln witreces d th e flu f an stoned h,th o e san s were alike thickly coated with dirtd considerablan , e cleansin s necessarwa g y before the stones could be examined with any comfort. The stone t presen a s e mil eighe th ar l numbern n i i tt . Sevef no the water-wore mar n pebble s; one e seconth , d largest, shows little rounding. The two largest are " socket stones " with highly polished hole themn e i largess Th . t stone weigh 8 Ibss2 oz. 1 . , according to a recent weighing, and has circumferences varying from 19 inches to 16 inches. It has two socket holes in it, both on the same side, each abou inc1 t diameten hi inc1 d h deepan r . Near them thers ei 282 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, MARCH 11, 1912.

a curved groove, probably made by the edge of the ferule at the bottom e miloth f l sockeshafte Th .t holes thid an s groove together give eth stone a curious appearance, as of a grotesque human face. The second ston flattisa s ei h bloc f whitko e quartz inche3 1 , circumn si - ference weighind an , Ibst 5 gbearI sockee . on s t hole, 1| incn i h diametee smalle incth 1 f d o h ro an deepr stoneTw e ordinar. ar s y othee pebbleth t r fou bu wele s; ar rthemf l o polished e ,on shape d an , d like a substantial finger-biscuit with one end broken off, is very highly polished. The tradition still remains in the district that these stones were used in cases of illness, though such use seems not to have been made of them fo rvera y long " e time sockeTh . t stones " were placed over the nipples of women's breasts, and the smaller stones were rubbed on affected parts. This rubbing may partly account for their high polish. The socket stones, of course, had their everyday usefulness before tradition gave them mystical powers ; may the smaller stones t hav d similarlno ha e y commonplac r instancee fo xises , as , , weavers' rubbing-stones? I cannot reconcile the various numbers I have quoted—seven reduced fiveo t , seve eightr no , five reduce three—wito dt numbee hth r actually now in the mill, eight. Of St Fillan's Chair we heard and saw nothing. But the mere dead stumt Fillan'S f o p s Ash-tree still stands agains e soutth t h posf o t mile th lquit d gateAn eyouna . nea s i t ri g ashdescends it ,e saib o dt - ant. This younger tree has an out-curving branch that was said to have bee e gallows-brancnth olden s obviouslhi i t i n t dayo bu yto s; weako younto d . gan 19. The McDiarmid Burying-ground at Morenish.—Acting on the hint in Dr Macmillan's account of St Fillan's Stones, we visited the M°Diarmid burying-ground in the flat lochside meadow behind Morenish farmhouse. n ereca Her n to etombston e dated 181y 7la o blocktw f whit o sa socke d e ha quartzt e hol n On eaci e. h side, ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM KILLIN. 283

-| inch n diametei , inc1 d J hd an inc an r h deep respectivelye Th . other had one socket hole, 1 inch in diameter and i inch deep, with furthea r narrow drilling ^ inch deep. There were other white quartz anothen blockso e on ,r tombstone fivd ean on.the surrounding walls t non socked bu , eha t holes. 20. Socket Stone at Kinnell House.—Kinnell House, Killin, the former residence of the McNabs, now the property of the Marquess of Bread-

Fig. 13. Setting of Stones, Tirarthur.

albane, is a veritable treasure-house of curiosities and antiquities. On e lobb e flooth th f yo r lie whitsa e quartz socket stone. Thi s saisi d havo t e been found among somewherballasp u g du t e near Killin Pier when the Killin railway was being made. Another account says that it was brought from a mill at Finlarig. 21. Setting of Stones at Tirarthur (fig. 13).—This is a linear setting of stones, seemingly of memorial character, about eighty yards west from the cup-marked stone already spoken of. It was shown to me by Mr Haggart arrangemene Th . stonef to s occupie totasa l lengt1 9 f ho 4 28 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , MARC , 1912H11 .

feet, running north and south, in about half of which, however, there stoneso northere n t foui e Th n ar ri . fees upstandin3 n2 ha t g stones, the highest being 4 feet 8 inches high, and these are separated by three low-lying, flatter, bouldery remainin e stonesth n I . gline parth e f o t ther e fouar e r low-lying bouldery stones, separate y considerablb d e gaps. On one of the southern stones there appeared to be one rather indefinite cup-mark. 22. Fingal's Grave.— d StatisticalTheOl Account, discussine th g derivatio e namth f eo n " Killin," says: "A e worth s d Killiy ma n signif n Gaelii y e burial-placth c f Pingalo e , Cill-Fhinn a traditio, n prevails, owing probabl thio yt s very circumstance, thae greath t t hero of the Highlanders was interred here, and that it is thence that the parish derives its name. A small eminence in the neighbourhood of the village of Killin has been accordingly pointed out as his grave ; n beino t g bu opened some years ago o vestign , e appearey an f o d persons having been interred there." Statistical.Thw Ne e Account say s: "A spot neae villagth r f o e Killin has, from time immemorial, bee e gravn th pointe f s o ea t dou Pingal. Thichurche oncs th site e church swa f eth alsd th eo f an ,o - yard " ; and again: " That the tradition has been occasioned by the traditione nam e meano th th n y t eparishy namb e b sno th s f i ,d eo an , probable, and, indeed, can scarcely be entertained for a moment." Be this as it may, Pingal's grave is now pointed out in a field behind the schoolhouse. Here, in the middle of a 10-foot linear setting of bouldery stones, ther "a standins ei g stone, fee"2 inche8 t s higd han fee5 circumferencen i t , havin smala p gto l cementeblocs it o kt n do 16 inches high. reasosuperpositioe e Inquirth th r o t nfo s ye a th f no small block brough curioue th t ou st information tha 189 n largeti e 9th r stone, then prostrate, was set up with some local celebration, the smaller ston e loneth place s gtopd it settin an n , o d f stonego s also e prostrat madeth settine f o Th p .justifiable ge u b stony ema t bu , the placing of the small stone on its top seems meaningless. ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLEANINGS PEO5 28 M KILLIN.

Further inquiry brought us the information, confirmed by the New Statistical t Accountmentioneno e Old,t th bu y thab de th t churchyard and church once occupied the slope a little above where the stone now stands ; and also that when that piece of land was brought into cultivation, considerable quantities of human bones were taken to the present churchyard and buried "behind the yew- tree." From another inquir learnee yw d that about eighty years agstandine oth g ston broughs ewa itsele hillhighes d th t an wa ,f p u r down because visitor t damagei o st surroundine dth g crop. Immediately behind the schoolhouse, and also some two hundred e braeyardth p , u sbeyon e Fingal'th d s Stone, ther prominene ear t tumps with much rocky material in them, looking quite as though they might have been burial-mounds. Also, close by the lower one there is a low grassy mound that is said to have been the place of the gallows in the good old times.