Public Opinion Survey of Residents of Zaporizhzhia

Wave 1: May 11-28, 2019 Wave 2: August 10-30, 2019 Methodology • Both waves of this poll were conducted by Rating Group Ukraine on behalf of the International Republican Institute’s Center for Insights in Survey Research. • Both waves of this poll were conducted in Zaporizhzhia through face-to-face interviews at respondents’ homes May 11-28, 2019 (wave 1) and August 10-30, 2019 (wave 2) • Both waves’ samples consisted of 1,200 residents of Zaporizhzhia aged 18 and older and eligible to vote. Samples are representative of the general population by gender and age. • Both waves have a margin of error of ± 2.8 points. The response rate for wave one was 61.4%. The response for wave two was 60.5%. • The distribution of the population by region of the city is based on statistical data from the Central Election Commission from the 2014 parliamentary elections, which divided the city into electoral districts. • A multistage probability sampling method was used with the random route and last birthday methods for respondent selection. • Both waves’ samples are weighted to the distribution of Zaporizhzhia’s population by gender and age in accordance with data from the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine from January 1, 2018. • Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding. • Cited bases are weighted. • The survey was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2 Frequently Cited Disaggregates Disaggregation Disaggregate May 2019 Base August 2019 Base Category

Age 18-35 n=357 n=358

36-50 n=315 n=314

51+ n=528 n=528

Sex Male n=526 n=526

Female n=674 n=674

Income (6,5,4) Secure Income n=167 n=138

(3) Adequate Income n=285 n=320

(2) Subsistence Income n=446 n=500

(1) Food Insecure Income n=300 n=238

Oct. 2019 Elections Likely Voters - n=985

Note: Income descriptions are shortened response descriptions for the question “What can you say about the financial situation of your family?” - (6) I can buy anything at any time. - (5) We have enough money for food, clothes, shoes, and expensive purchases, but we need to save or borrow money for purchases like a car or an apartment. - (4) We have enough money for food, clothing, shoes, and other purchases, but we need to save or borrow money for purchasing more expensive things (e.g., appliances). - (3) We have enough money for food and necessary clothing and shoes, but we need to save or borrow money for other purchases like a good suit, a mobile phone, or a vacuum cleaner. - (2) We have enough money for food, but we need to save or borrow money for buying clothes and shoes. - (1) We need to save money for food. - Difficult to answer/no answer 3 Moods and Attitudes Generally speaking, do you think that things in Ukraine are going in the right direction or wrong direction?

August 2019 39% 30% 30%

May 2019 34% 49% 17%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer/No answer

5 Generally speaking, do you think that things in Ukraine are going in the right direction or wrong direction?

Age

18-35 54% 26% 21%

36-50 40% 30% 30%

51+ 29% 34% 37%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer/No answer

6 Generally speaking, do you think that things in Ukraine are going in the right direction or wrong direction?

Income

Secure Income 56% 29% 16%

Adequate Income 40% 33% 27%

Subsistence Income 37% 27% 36%

Food Insecure Income 33% 35% 31%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer/No answer

7 Generally speaking, do you think that things in Zaporizhzhia are going in the right direction or wrong direction?

August 2019 44% 34% 23%

May 2019 54% 30% 16%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer/No answer

8 Generally speaking, do you think that things in Zaporizhzhia are going in the right direction or wrong direction?

Age

18-35 47% 32% 21%

36-50 40% 39% 20%

51+ 44% 31% 25%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer/No answer

9 Generally speaking, do you think that things in Zaporizhzhia are going in the right direction or wrong direction? Income

Secure Income 45% 45% 9%

Adequate Income 47% 32% 20%

Subsistence Income 42% 32% 26%

Food Insecure Income 43% 32% 25%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Right direction Wrong direction Difficult to answer/No answer

10 Over the last 12 months, how has the economic situation in Ukraine changed?

August 2019 <1% 13% 34% 33% 9% 10%

May 2019 <1% 10% 20% 46% 20% 4%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened somewhat Worsened a lot Difficult to answer/No answer

11 Over the last 12 months, how has the economic situation of your household changed?

August 2019 <1% 12% 40% 30% 10% 7%

May 2019 <1% 14% 30% 32% 22% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened somewhat Worsened a lot Difficult to answer/No answer

12 In the next 12 months, how do you expect the economic situation in Ukraine to change?

August 2019 3% 35% 16% 13% 5% 28%

May 2019 3% 41% 18% 8% 4% 27%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Improve a lot Improve somewhat Stay the same Worsen somewhat Worsen a lot Difficult to answer/No answer

13 Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the newly elected President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy?

August 2019 31% 35% 10% 7% 17%

May 2019 19% 27% 6% 6% 42%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer/No answer

14 Local Elections Do you support or oppose the idea of dissolving local councils and conducting early local elections in October of this year?

Definitely support

12% Somewhat support 5% 30%

Somewhat oppose 11%

Definitely oppose

12% Don't care 30%

Don't know/No answer

16 If early local elections are held in October 2019, do you intend to vote?

Definitely yes 7% 6% Somewhat yes 5%

Somewhat no 50%

Definitely no 32%

Difficult to answer/No answer

17 In your opinion, which is the best age for being a ...

… city mayor? <1% 11% 60% 23% 4% 2%

… city councilmember? <1% 18% 60% 14% 5% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 18-25 26-35 36-45 46 and older Don't care Don't know / No answer

18 In your opinion, which is the best age for a city mayor?

Age

18-35 1% 21% 62% 11% 3% 2%

36-50 <1% 7% 65% 22% 5%2%

51+ <1% 6% 55% 32% 5% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

18-25 26-35 36-45 46 and older Don't care Don't know / No answer

19 In your opinion, which is the best age for a city mayor?

Income

Secure Income <1% 12% 63% 18% 4% 2%

Adequate Income <1% 11% 61% 20% 3% 4%

Subsistence Income <1% 11% 60% 23% 5% 1%

Food Insecure Income 1% 8% 55% 31% 5% <1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

18-25 26-35 36-45 46 and older Don't care Don't know/No answer

20 In your opinion, which is the best age for being a city councilmember?

Age

18-35 2% 29% 57% 6% 4% 2%

36-50 <1% 11% 67% 15% 5% 2%

51+ <1% 14% 59% 19% 5% 3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

18-25 26-35 36-45 46 and older Don't care Don't know / No answer

21 In your opinion, which is the best age for being a city councilmember?

Income

Secure Income <1% 20% 66% 8% 4% 1%

Adequate Income <1% 19% 62% 11% 4% 4%

Subsistence Income <1% 17% 60% 14% 6% 2%

Food Insecure Income <1% 16% 57% 21% 5% <1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

18-25 26-35 36-45 46 and older Don't care Don't know / No answer

22 Assessment of the Quality of Public Goods and Services How would you rate the quality of each of the following services and/or public goods that are available in Zaporizhzhia?

Street lighting 4% 48% 32% 11% 4% 2% Heating 2% 43% 27% 17% 8% 4% Transportation infrastructure/Public transport 5% 39% 30% 15% 7% 4% Water supply 2% 40% 35% 15% 4% 3% Trash collection 2% 39% 35% 15% 6% 2% Public parks and gardens 4% 28% 47% 11% 4% 6% Street markets and trade premises 5% 27% 46% 13% 4% 6% Sewage 1% 23% 42% 19% 10% 5% Culture premises (concert halls, libraries, etc.) 3% 21% 43% 13% 3% 18% Schools 2% 22% 45% 11% 3% 17% Yards and areas near buildings 1% 22% 40% 25% 10% 2% Universities, technical institutes, colleges 2% 21% 46% 9% 3% 20% Sport facilities (stadiums, sport clubs, etc.) 2% 19% 39% 20% 4% 15% Kindergartens 2% 20% 43% 14% 3% 18% Police activities 2% 14% 30% 27% 13% 14% Environment <1% 11% 19% 38% 30% 2% Parking 1% 10% 22% 33% 22% 12% Medical institutions 1% 10% 31% 34% 17% 7% Sidewalks 1% 9% 44% 28% 16% 2% Roads <1% 8% 23% 36% 30% 2% Industrial zones/Industrial development 1% 6% 23% 36% 25% 8% Accessibility for persons with disabilities <1% 4% 14% 24% 50% 7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Excellent Good Average Bad Terrible Difficult to answer/No answer 24 How would you rate the quality of each of the following services and/or public goods that are available in Zaporizhzhia?

Street lighting 5% 32% 34% 20% 5% 5% Water supply 3% 30% 33% 27% 6% 2% Transportation infrastructure/Public transport 4% 28% 34% 23% 7% 4% Heating 3% 24% 34% 25% 7% 8% Public parks and gardens 3% 23% 38% 23% 4% 10% Garbage collection 3% 22% 41% 25% 8% 1% Street markets and trade premises 3% 20% 38% 23% 5% 11% Culture premises (concert halls, libraries, etc.) 1% 19% 35% 20% 3% 23% Schools 1% 16% 39% 17% 4% 22% Kindergartens 1% 16% 37% 17% 4% 24% Universities, technical institutes, colleges 2% 16% 37% 17% 3% 25% Sewage 1% 15% 33% 25% 9% 16% Sport facilities (stadiums, sport clubs, etc.) 2% 13% 34% 26% 6% 20% Yards and areas near buildings <1% 14% 40% 30% 9% 7% Roads <1% 13% 38% 33% 14% 2% Sidewalks <1% 10% 45% 31% 12% 2% Police activities <1% 9% 25% 23% 21% 19% Medical institutions <1% 8% 33% 34% 19% 6% Parking <1% 6% 30% 32% 13% 18% Environment <1% 6% 22% 37% 34% 2% Industrial zones/Industrial development <1% 5% 31% 29% 11% 24% Accessibility for persons with disabilities <1% 3% 13% 32% 43% 9%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Excellent Good Average Bad Terrible Difficult to answer/No answer 25 How would you rate the quality of each of the following services and/or public goods that are available in Zaporizhzhia? (continued)

(Mean (average) of service/public good rating 1 to 5, where 1 is “terrible,” and 5 – “excellent”; among respondents who rated the quality of a given service (n=May/Aug)) Heating (n=1,158/1,100) Water supply (n=1,160/1,178) Sewage (n=1,135/1,006) 5 5 5

4 4 4 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 3 3 3

2 2 2

1 1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

5 Garbage collection 5 Street lighting (n=1,172/1,146) 5 Yards and areas near buildings (n=1,135/1,183) (n=1,172/1,111) 4 4 3.4 4 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 3 3 3 2.6

2 2 2

1 1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

26 How would you rate the quality of each of the following services and/or public goods that are available in Zaporizhzhia? (continued)

(Mean (average) of service/public good rating 1 to 5, where 1 is “terrible,” and 5 – “excellent”; among respondents who rated the quality of a given service (n=May/Aug)) Roads Sidewalks Parking 5 5 5 (n=1,179/1,177) (n=1,180/1,181) (n=1,060/986) 4 4 4

3 2.5 3 2.5 2.6 3 2.4 2.1 2.3 2 2 2

1 1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

5 Accessibility for persons with 5 Transportation infrastructure 5 Street markets and (n=1,149/1,148) trade premises (n=1,129/1,071) disabilities 4 4 (n=1,111/1,096) 3.2 4 3.0 3.2 2.9 3 3 3 1.7 1.8 2 2 2

1 1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

27 How would you rate the quality of each of the following services and/or public goods that are available in Zaporizhzhia? (continued)

(Mean (average) of service/public good rating 1 to 5, where 1 is “terrible,” and 5 – “excellent”; among respondents who rated the quality of a given service (n=May/Aug)) Kindergartens Schools Universities, technical institutes, 5 5 5 (n=982/912) (n=992/931) colleges (n=964/895) 4 4 4 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9 3 3 3

2 2 2

1 1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

5 5 Sports facilities 5 Culture premises Medical institutions (n=1,017/959) (n=989/928) (n=1,117/1,126) 4 4 4 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.7 3 3 3 2.4 2.3

2 2 2

1 1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

28 How would you rate the quality of each of the following services and/or public goods that are available in Zaporizhzhia? (continued)

(Mean (average) of service/public good rating 1 to 5, where 1 is “terrible,” and 5 – “excellent”; among respondents who rated the quality of a given service (n=May/Aug)) Public parks and gardens Environment 5 5 (n=1,124/1,083) (n=1,178/1,175) 4 4 3.2 3.0 3 3 2.1 2.0 2 2

1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

5 Industrial development 5 Police activities (n=1,102/906) (n=1,027/966) 4 4

3 2.4 3 2.6 2.1 2.3 2 2

1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

29 How do you usually move around Zaporizhzhia?

By public transportation 64%

On foot 18%

By car 15%

By bicycle 1%

By motorcycle, scooter or moped <1%

Other 1%

Difficult to answer/No answer 1%

30 How do you usually move around Zaporizhzhia?

Food Insecure Subsistence Adequate Secure 18-35 36-50 51+ Income Income Income Income

By public transportation 60% 62% 69% 64% 65% 66% 57%

On foot 18% 15% 20% 26% 20% 11% 10%

By car 17% 21% 9% 6% 11% 20% 30%

By bicycle 2% 1% <1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

By motorcycle, scooter or moped <1% <1% <1% 1% <1% <1% 1%

Other 1% 1% 1% <1% 1% 1% 1%

Difficult to answer/No answer 2% <1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 1%

31 In your opinion, how convenient is Zaporizhzhia for…?

Pedestrians 3% 26% 41% 25% 2%3%

Passengers of public transportation 3% 22% 32% 30% 6% 22%

Drivers of private vehicles 2% 17% 30% 25% 4% 7%

Drivers of motorcycles, scooters or mopeds 1% 7% 24% 32% 18% 19%

Bicyclists <1% 6% 20% 43% 12% 19%

People with baby strollers <1%4% 14% 46% 29% 8%

People with disabilities <1% 2% 10% 44% 35% 7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Excellent Good Average Bad Terrible Difficult to answer/No answer

32 Civic Engagement In the last 12 months, have you taken part in solving problems of Zaporizhzhia?

2% Yes 20%

No

78% Difficult to answer/No answer

34 In the last 12 months, have you taken part in solving the problems of Zaporizhzhia?

Age

18-35 27% 71% 2%

36-50 19% 79% 2%

51+ 16% 82% 1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Yes No Difficult to answer/No answer

35 In the last 12 months, have you taken part in solving problems of Zaporizhzhia?

Income

Secure Income 33% 65% 1%

Adequate Income 22% 76% 2%

Subsistence Income 18% 80% 2%

Food Insecure Income 12% 86% 2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Yes No Difficult to answer/No answer

36 Which, if any, of the following activities have you participated in?

UP TO 3 RESPONSES Voting in the elections 37% Donating goods, services or money 7% Participating in public opinion polls 6% Collecting signatures for petition 6% Supporting volunteers 5% Writing personal appeals 4% Participating in NGOs' activities 4% Participating in public hearings 3% Participating in rallies or demonstrations 2% Participating in political parties' activities 1% Participating in public consultations for draft decisions 1% Voting for public or participatory budget projects 1% Boycotting, refusing to comply with local authorities' decisions <1% Other 6% None of these 17% Difficult to answer/No answer 35%

37 Which, if any, of the following activities have you participated in?

UP TO 3 RESPONSES

18-35 36-50 51+

Voting in the elections 35% 35% 41% Donating goods, services or money 10% 7% 6% Participating in public opinion polls 8% 7% 5% Collecting signatures for petition 9% 5% 4% Supporting volunteers 7% 4% 3% Writing personal appeals 5% 5% 4% Participating in NGOs' activities 6% 4% 3% Participating in public hearings 4% 3% 1% Participating in rallies or demonstrations 4% 3% 1% Participating in political parties' activities 3% 1% 1% Participating in public consultations for draft decisions 1% 1% 1% Voting for public or participatory budget projects 1% 1% <1% Boycotting, refusing to comply with local authorities' decisions 1% 1% <1% Other 8% 4% 6% None of these 17% 19% 16% Difficult to answer/No answer 33% 38% 36%

38 How often, if ever, do you participate in the events/meetings of the organizations and associations listed?

Neighborhood meetings 5% 25% 47% 24%

Housing associations (OSBB) 3% 23% 50% 24%

Parents meetings of elementary school or high school 4% 20% 51% 26%

Institutions of self-organization of population (OSN) 2% 15% 57% 26%

Religious organizations, church 4% 10% 61% 25%

Hobby groups (sports, art, etc.) 10% 3% 62% 24%

Professional, merchants associations/unions 3% 6% 65% 26%

NGOs 2% 3% 69% 25%

Political parties 1% 2% 71% 26%

City Council 1%2% 73% 25%

City Council Executive Committee <1% 1% 73% 25%

Oblast Council <1%1% 73% 25%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% At least once a month At least once a year Never Difficult to answer/No answer Note: Question originally asked with the response options: “once a week,” “once a month” (now merged into at least once a month) and “3-4 times a year,” “twice a year,” “once a year” (now merged into at least once a year) 39 Housing Associations If you live in an apartment building, do you have a housing association (OSBB*) established there? (Among those who live in an apartment building, n=1,088)

7%

Yes

47% No

46%

Don't know/Refused to answer

* Association of Co-owners of Apartment Building (OSBB is the Ukrainian acronym) - a nonprofit entity established by apartment owners to manage and maintain the nonresidential premises of an apartment building, similar to a condominium association. The organization is also used for the legal registration of the owner's property rights to the apartments and adjoining territory. 41 Has the establishment of the housing association (OSBB) helped to solve problems in your building? (Among those with OSBB in the building, n=511)

Definitely yes 6%

9% 29% Somewhat yes

Somewhat no 20%

Definitely no

36% Difficult to answer/No answer

42 Do you have a body of self-organization of population (OSN*, housing committee, etc.) established in the building, quarter, micro-district where you live?

9%

26% Yes 12%

No

I don't know

Difficult to answer/No answer 53%

*Body of Self-organization of the Population (OSN is the Ukrainian acronym)- a resident-established representative body that addresses local issues (comparable to neighborhood associations in the United States). OSNs can be created as street committees, block committees, committees of districts or village committees. 43 Has the establishment of a body of self-organization of the population helped to solve problems in your building, block, micro-district? (Among those with OSN, n=317)

Definitely yes 2% 6%

11% Somewhat yes 30%

Somewhat no

Definitely no

51% Difficult to answer/No answer

44 Assessment of the Local Authorities Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Mayor of Zaporizhzhia [Volodymyr Buriak]?

August 2019 17% 27% 25% 13% 18%

May 2019 31% 33% 17% 10% 10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer/No answer

46 Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Mayor of Zaporizhzhia [Volodymyr Buriak]?

Age

51+ 25% 28% 18% 12% 17%

36-50 9% 29% 31% 14% 17%

18-35 11% 25% 32% 12% 21%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove

Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer/No answer

47 Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Mayor of Zaporizhzhia [Volodymyr Buriak]?

Income

Food Insecure Income 27% 22% 22% 10% 18%

Subsistence Income 18% 25% 21% 13% 23%

Adequate Income 9% 35% 33% 10% 14%

Secure Income 11% 28% 30% 21% 9%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove

Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer/No answer

48 Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Mayor of Zaporizhzhia [Volodymyr Buriak]?

Likely Voters

Strongly approve

24% 24% Somewhat approve

Somewhat approve 10%

29% Strongly disapprove 14%

Difficult to answer/No Answer

49 Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Zaporizhzhia City Council?

August 2019 7% 22% 30% 13% 27%

May 2019 14% 34% 20% 14% 19%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer/No answer

50 Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Zaporizhzhia City Council?

Age

18-35 5% 21% 33% 13% 28%

36-50 6% 20% 36% 16% 22%

51+ 8% 25% 25% 12% 30%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove

Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer/No answer

51 Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Zaporizhzhia City Council?

Income

Secure Income 11% 22% 24% 13% 30%

Adequate Income 8% 20% 24% 15% 33%

Subsistence Income 4% 27% 37% 10% 21%

Food Insecure Income 4% 21% 45% 14% 16%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Strongly approve Somewhat approve Somewhat disapprove

Strongly disapprove Difficult to answer/No answer

52 Do you approve or disapprove the activities of the Zaporizhzhia City Council?

(Among likely voters, n=985)

Strongly approve 7%

26% Somewhat approve

24%

Somewhat disapprove

12% Strongly disapprove

31% Difficult to answer/No Answer

53 In your opinion, should more rights be transferred from the central authorities to local authorities and communities?

Definitely yes

11%

4% Somewhat yes

7% 41% Somewhat no

Definitely no

37% Difficult to answer/No answer

54 In your opinion, should more rights be transferred from the central authorities to local authorities and communities?

Age

51+ 47% 37% 5% 3% 9%

36-50 39% 32% 6% 7% 17%

18-35 36% 40% 10% 5% 9%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Definitely yes Somewhat yes Somewhat no Definitely no Difficult to answer/No answer

55 In your opinion, should more rights be transferred from the central authorities to local authorities and communities?

Income

Secure Income 51% 32% 7% 2% 9%

Adequate Income 29% 46% 10% 4% 12%

Subsistence Income 44% 34% 5% 4% 12%

Food Insecure Income 46% 31% 6% 7% 10%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Definitely yes Somewhat yes Somewhat no Definitely no Difficult to answer/No answer

56 In your opinion, are your local authorities and community able to cope with more responsibilities that might result from the decentralization reform?

Definitely yes

18%

28% Somewhat yes

7% Somewhat no

11% Definitely no

36% Difficult to answer/No answer

57 In your opinion, are your local authorities and community able to cope with more responsibilities that might result from the decentralization reform? Age

51+ 32% 36% 8% 5% 18%

36-50 26% 32% 11% 11% 20%

18-35 24% 37% 15% 5% 18%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Definitely yes Somewhat yes Somewhat no Definitely no Difficult to answer/No answer

58 In your opinion, are your local authorities and community able to cope with more responsibilities that might result from the decentralization reform? Income

Secure Income 22% 47% 18% 4% 9%

Adequate Income 18% 42% 13% 7% 20%

Subsistence Income 35% 31% 8% 6% 21%

Food Insecure Income 32% 29% 11% 10% 17%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Definitely yes Somewhat yes Somewhat no Definitely no Difficult to answer/No answer 59 Which of the following entities do you think should hold the most responsibility for addressing local issues and providing services to your community? MULTIPLE RESPONSES

Mayor 75%

City Council 64%

Oblast Council 28%

Oblast State Administration 22%

The government and central government agencies 20%

Other 2%

Difficult to answer/No answer 3%

60 Which of the following entities do you think should hold the most responsibility for addressing local issues and providing services to your community? MULTIPLE RESPONSES

Food Subsistence Adequate Secure 18-35 36-50 51+ Insecure Income Income Income Income

Mayor 73% 71% 78% 78% 73% 72% 79%

City Council 56% 65% 68% 60% 59% 67% 77%

Oblast Council 26% 24% 31% 30% 24% 31% 30%

The government and central government 25% 18% 22% 21% 18% 22% 33% agencies

Oblast State Administration 21% 16% 22% 22% 17% 19% 31%

Other 1% 3% 1% 2% 1% 2% 3%

Difficult to answer/No answer 1% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 1%

61 Interaction with Local Authorities In your opinion, how often should local councilmembers present reports on their activities to their voters?

Every month 33%

Four times a year 43%

Three times a year 2%

Twice a year 14%

Once a year 5%

Once, at the end of their term in office <1%

They should not present such reports at all <1%

Difficult to answer/No answer 3%

63 What format of reporting on local councilmembers’ activities do you consider to be most accessible for citizens?

UP TO 2 RESPONSES

Publication of the report in mass media 50%

Meeting with voters 40%

Publication of a report on an official website 36%

Publication of a report on social media 18%

Presenting a report at the council meeting 9%

Other 2%

Difficult to answer/No answer 4%

64 What format of reporting on local councilmembers’ activities do you consider to be most accessible for citizens?

UP TO 2 RESPONSES

Food Subsistence Adequate Secure 18-35 36-50 51+ Insecure Income Income Income Income

Publication of a report on an official website 48% 43% 24% 52% 52% 46% 45%

Meeting with voters 29% 35% 50% 44% 41% 37% 32%

Publication of a report in mass media 43% 45% 57% 24% 29% 48% 52%

Publication of a report on social media 29% 20% 10% 10% 18% 20% 28%

Presenting a report at the council meeting 12% 10% 7% 10% 11% 7% 8%

Other 2% 3% 2% 1% 1% 4% 2%

Difficult to answer/No answer 2% 5% 6% 8% 4% 3% 2%

65 Which method of submitting proposals for a city council’s consideration do you consider to be most effective to encourage increased public participation?

Voting for a bill on a city council’s website 34%

Voting at a general assembly of residents 26%

Submitting a bill at a meeting with local councilmember 13%

Collecting of citizens’ signatures to petition a bill 12%

Other 1%

None of these 4%

Difficult to answer/No answer 9%

66 Which method of submitting proposals for a city council’s consideration do you consider to be most effective to encourage increased public participation?

Food Subsistence Adequate Secure 18-35 36-50 51+ Insecure Income Income Income Income

Voting for a bill on a city council’s website 47% 41% 20% 20% 32% 43% 43%

Voting at a general assembly of residents 21% 24% 31% 35% 27% 22% 19%

Submitting a bill at a meeting with local 9% 11% 17% 13% 13% 14% 11% councilmember

Collecting of citizens’ signatures to petition 15% 10% 11% 10% 12% 11% 20% for a bill

Other 1% 3% 1% 1% 1% 2% 3%

None of these 2% 3% 6% 8% 5% 1% 2%

Difficult to answer/No answer 4% 8% 14% 14% 10% 7% 3%

67 In the past two years, have you had to interact with Zaporizhzhia’s government offices (mayoral office, executive committee, city council, rayon council, rayon administration, communal enterprises)?

1%

19%

Yes

No

80%

Difficult to answer/No answer

68 How would you rate the service you received from the local authorities? (Among those who have interacted with city government offices in the past two years, n=199)

Manner in which office staff treated me 4% 31% 27% 24% 10% 4%

Level of office staff’s knowledge on the subject matter 6% 28% 27% 22% 13% 5%

Waiting time (if addressed personally, not through telephone, post, etc.) 5% 28% 25% 26% 13% 3%

How simple and clear were the decisions and/or advice provided by the officials 4% 28% 26% 24% 14% 4%

Quality of service received 4% 27% 28% 23% 16% 3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Excellent Good Average Bad Terrible Difficult to answer/No answer

69 How would you rate the service you received from local authorities?

(Among those who have interacted with city government offices in the past two years, n=223)

Level of office staff’s knowledge on the subject matter 6% 25% 25% 25% 12% 7%

How simple and clear were the decisions and/or advice provided by the officials 4% 23% 23% 28% 15% 7%

Manner in which office staff treated me 2% 24% 33% 25% 12% 3%

Waiting time (if addressed personally, not through telephone, post, etc.) 4% 20% 24% 31% 16% 5%

Quality of service received 2% 21% 23% 29% 18% 6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Excellent Good Average Bad Terrible Difficult to answer/No answer

70 How would you rate the service you received from local authorities? (continued) [Mean (average) of service/public good rating 1 to 5, where 1 is “terrible,” and 5 – “excellent”; among respondents who rated the quality of a given service (n=May/Aug)] (Among those who have interacted with Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi’s local authorities)

Manner in which office staff Waiting time (n=193/211) Quality of service received 5 5 5 treated people (n=191/216) (n=194/209) 4 4 4 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 3 3 2.6 3 2.6

2 2 2

1 1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

How simple and clear the Level of the knowledge on the 5 5 decisions or advice were subject matter (n=189/207) 4 (n=191/208) 4 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9 3 3

2 2

1 1 May 19 Aug 19 May 19 Aug 19

71 How would you rate the ease of accessibility of information about your…?

Communal enterprises 6% 19% 12% 26% 37%

Mayor 6% 18% 12% 25% 38%

City councilmembers 6% 18% 12% 26% 38%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Easily accessible Somewhat accessible Somewhat inaccessible Inaccessible Difficult to answer/No answer 72 How would you rate the ease of accessibility of information about your communal enterprises?

August 2019 6% 19% 12% 26% 37%

May 2019 8% 25% 19% 12% 37%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Easily accessible Somewhat accessible Somewhat inaccessible Inaccessible Difficult to answer/No answer

73 How would you rate the ease of accessibility of information about the mayor of your city [Volodymyr Buriak]?

August 2019 6% 18% 12% 25% 38%

May 2019 9% 25% 18% 9% 39%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Easily accessible Somewhat accessible Somewhat inaccessible Inaccessible Difficult to answer/No answer

74 How would you rate the ease of accessibility of information about Zaporizhzhia City Councilmembers?

August 2019 6% 18% 12% 26% 38%

May 2019 7% 23% 19% 10% 41%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Easily accessible Somewhat accessible Somewhat inaccessible Inaccessible Difficult to answer/No answer

75 In your opinion, which online service your municipal authorities provide would be more valuable for you? UP TO 3 RESPONSES

More efficient city council website 25%

Online appeal to the mayor 17%

City call-center 16%

Center for administrative services 13%

Electronic petitions 13%

Website of hospitals 13%

Public access to municipal video-observation system 13%

Online payments for communal services 11%

Website for kindergartens/schools 10%

None of these 14%

Difficult to answer/No answer 24%

76 In your opinion, which online service your municipal authorities provide would be more valuable for you? UP TO 3 RESPONSES

Food Subsistence Adequate Secure 18-35 36-50 51+ Insecure Income Income Income Income

More efficient city council website 38% 30% 13% 13% 20% 29% 52%

Online appeal to the mayor 29% 16% 10% 10% 18% 17% 25%

City call-center 22% 15% 11% 11% 12% 21% 23%

Center for administrative services 14% 14% 12% 10% 10% 16% 22%

Electronic petitions 22% 13% 7% 8% 11% 17% 19%

Website of hospitals 18% 14% 8% 8% 11% 14% 26%

Public access to municipal video-observation 16% 14% 9% 10% 13% 15% 11% system

Online payments for communal services 11% 14% 9% 4% 8% 15% 24%

Website of kindergartens/schools 17% 11% 3% 5% 8% 12% 17%

None of these 2% 8% 25% 22% 16% 8% 5%

Difficult to answer/No answer 14% 24% 32% 37% 27% 19% 7%

77 Have you ever used a center for administrative services to address your needs?

8% 17% Yes 10%

No

Have not heard of it

Difficult to answer/No answer

65%

78 Have you ever used a center for administrative services to address your needs?

Age

18-35 19% 61% 11% 10%

36-50 20% 66% 7% 7%

51+ 14% 68% 11% 7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Yes No Have not heard of it Difficult to answer/No answer

79 Have you ever used a center for administrative services to address your needs?

Income

Secure Income 29% 63% 4% 4%

Adequate Income 21% 70% 4% 4%

Subsistence Income 14% 61% 13% 12%

Food Insecure Income 11% 68% 14% 7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Yes No Have not heard of it Difficult to answer/No answer

80 How would you rate the quality of service at the center?

(Among those who have used the center, n=204)

Excellent 1% 8% 11% Good

14%

Average

Bad

39%

27% Terrible

Difficult to answer

81 City Development Over the last 12 months, which of the following areas, if any, were the most successful in Zaporizhzhia? UP TO 3 RESPONSES Public transportation 37% Roads 34% Public parks and gardens 20% Street lightning 13% Garbage collection 10% Sidewalks 10% Medical institutions 5% Schools 5% Housing and communal areas 4% Sewage 3% Security 2% Water supply 1% Administrative services provision 1% Land issues 1% Social assistance 1% Environment 1% Transparency and openness of the municipal authorities 1% Heating 1% Citizens participation in the decision-making process 1% Accessibility for persons with disabilities 1% Parking 1% Other 5% None 26% Difficult to answer/No answer 2%

83 Over the last 12 months, which of the following areas, if any, were the most successful in Zaporizhzhia? UP TO 3 RESPONSES Food Subsistence Adequate 18-35 36-50 51+ Insecure Secure Income Income Income Income Public transportation 32% 32% 43% 42% 34% 34% 46% Roads 39% 33% 31% 35% 33% 35% 29% Public parks and gardens 28% 20% 14% 13% 19% 23% 29% Street lightning 13% 11% 14% 14% 12% 12% 17% Garbage collection 8% 11% 11% 11% 11% 9% 8% Sidewalks 13% 6% 9% 12% 10% 8% 7% Medical institutions 7% 6% 4% 5% 5% 4% 8% Schools 8% 5% 3% 6% 4% 4% 7% Housing and communal areas 4% 6% 4% 6% 3% 5% 6% Sewage 3% 2% 3% 5% 2% 1% 4% Security 3% 2% 1% 1% 3% 1% 1% Water supply 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% - - Administrative services provision 2% 1% 1% <1% 1% 2% 4% Land issues 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% <1% 1% Social assistance 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 3% Environment 1% 2% <1% 1% 1% 1% - Transparency and openness of the municipal authorities 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Heating - 2% 1% - 2% <1% 1% Citizens participation in the decision- making process 1% 1% 1% <1% 1% 1% 1% Accessibility for persons with disabilities 1% <1% 1% <1% <1% 1% 1% Parking 1% 1% <1% - 1% 1% - Other 5% 4% 5% 6% 6% 2% 5% None 24% 28% 27% 22% 25% 33% 25% Difficult to answer/No answer 2% 3% 3% 2% 2% 4% - 84 In your opinion, which of the following areas, if any, should be of top priority for your municipal authorities? UP TO 3 RESPONSES Medical institutions 42% Housing and communal areas 39% Public transportation 30% Roads 27% Environment 23% Garbage collection 13% Schools 12% Social assistance 9% Security 7% Sidewalks 7% Public parks and gardens 7% Street lightning 6% Sewage 4% Transparency and openness of the municipal authorities 3% Heating 3% Accessibility for persons with disabilities 3% Water supply 2% Parking 2% Administrative services provision 2% Citizens participation in the decision-making process 2% Land issues 1% Other 3% None 2% Difficult to answer/No answer 7%

85 In your opinion, which of the following areas, if any, should be of top priority for your municipal authorities? UP TO 3 RESPONSES Food Subsistence Adequate 18-35 36-50 51+ Insecure Secure Income Income Income Income Medical institutions 43% 39% 43% 45% 42% 36% 53% Housing and communal areas 31% 39% 45% 35% 37% 43% 45% Public transportation 26% 31% 33% 30% 30% 33% 24% Roads 28% 29% 25% 22% 28% 28% 32% Environment 29% 21% 19% 18% 19% 25% 34% Garbage collection 15% 15% 10% 17% 13% 11% 7% Schools 19% 13% 7% 8% 12% 13% 17% Social assistance 8% 6% 11% 10% 8% 7% 12% Security 10% 7% 5% 6% 7% 9% 8% Sidewalks 6% 6% 9% 7% 9% 6% 3% Public parks and gardens 8% 6% 6% 5% 8% 7% 2% Street lightning 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 7% 5% Sewage 4% 6% 3% 6% 3% 4% 4% Transparency and openness of the municipal authorities 4% 4% 3% 2% 2% 4% 8% Heating 4% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% Accessibility for persons with disabilities 5% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 4% Water supply 3% 2% 1% 4% 2% 1% 1% Parking 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 1% Administrative services provision 1% 1% 2% <1% 2% 2% 3% Citizens participation in the decision- making process 3% 2% 1% <1% 1% 2% 8% Land issues 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% Other 2% 4% 4% 5% 3% 4% 3% None 2% 3% 2% 4% 3% 1% 1% Difficult to answer/No answer 6% 7% 6% 7% 7% 9% 1% 86 In your opinion, which of the following areas of the economy, if any, should be of top priority for development in Zaporizhzhia? UP TO 5 RESPONSES Manufacturing 46% Mining and metallurgy sector 42% Energy 39% Construction 31% Light industry 26% Tourism 23% Education and training services 18% Culture 17% Transportation and logistics 17% Food industry 15% Trade 13% IT sector 12% Service sector 12% Scientific research and development 8% Chemical industry 7% Finance and banking 7% Woodworking and furniture industry 2% Other 4% None 2% Difficult to answer/No answer 5%

87 In your opinion, what areas of the economy, if any, should be of top priority for development in Zaporizhzhia? UP TO 5 RESPONSES Food Subsistence Adequate Secure 18-35 36-50 51 + Insecure Income Income Income Income Manufacturing 38% 45% 52% 44% 48% 45% 45% Mining and metallurgy sector 30% 42% 49% 45% 39% 47% 33% Energy 38% 39% 40% 34% 38% 46% 39% Construction 25% 33% 34% 34% 33% 29% 22% Light industry 29% 26% 23% 28% 25% 25% 23% Tourism 30% 23% 18% 18% 19% 27% 33% Education and training services 27% 19% 11% 10% 16% 23% 29% Culture 24% 21% 10% 13% 15% 20% 24% Transportation and logistics 25% 15% 12% 13% 14% 20% 25% Food industry 14% 22% 12% 14% 14% 17% 18% Trade 19% 9% 10% 10% 12% 11% 21% IT sector 21% 12% 6% 6% 9% 15% 26% Service sector 15% 16% 7% 7% 11% 16% 16% Scientific research and development 10% 7% 8% 5% 7% 11% 12% Chemical industry 5% 6% 10% 10% 9% 4% 6% Finance and banking 13% 6% 4% 4% 8% 7% 12% Woodworking and furniture industry 3% 4% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% Other 4% 3% 4% 3% 5% 3% 3% None 1% 1% 3% 5% 2% 0% 1% Difficult to answer/No answer 2% 5% 7% 8% 4% 4% 2%

88 Corruption Issues In the past two years, how often, if ever, have you or an acquaintance had to do a favor, give a gift, or pay a bribe to a local official in order to get services or a document from him or her?

More than 5 times 2% 2% 7% 8%

3-5 times

1 or 2 times

Never 81%

Difficult to answer/No answer

90 In the past two years, how often, if ever, have you or an acquaintance had to do a favor, give a gift or pay a bribe to a local official in order to get services or a document from him or her? Age

18-35 4% 4% 12% 73% 8%

36-50 2% 2% 10% 80% 7%

51+ 1%1% 4% 87% 7%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

More than 5 times 3-5 times 1 or 2 times Never Difficult to answer/No answer

91 In the past two years, how often, if ever, have you or an acquaintance had to do a favor, give a gift or pay a bribe to a local official in order to get services or a document from him or her? Income

Secure Income 6% 6% 17% 68% 2%

Adequate Income 2% <1%8% 86% 4%

Subsistence Income 1% 2% 6% 82% 9%

Food Insecure Income 2%1% 5% 80% 11%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

More than 5 times 3-5 times 1 or 2 times Never Difficult to answer/No answer

92 …have you or an acquaintance had to do a favor, give a gift or pay a bribe to a local official in order to get services or a document from him or her?

Do you consider this to be an act of corruption? (Among those who have had a relevant experience in the past two years, n=142)

3%

16% Yes

No

Difficult to answer/No answer 81%

93 Do you think that the Mayor of Zaporizhzhia [Volodymyr Buriak] is making an effort to end corruption at the municipal authority level?

11%

Yes 32%

No

57% Difficult to answer/No answer

94 Do you think that the Mayor of Zaporizhzhia [Volodymyr Buriak] is making an effort to end corruption at the municipal authority level?

Age

51+ 13% 49% 38%

36-50 8% 61% 31%

18-35 9% 66% 25%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Yes No Difficult to answer/No answer

95 Do you think that the Mayor of Zaporizhzhia [Volodymyr Buriak] is making an effort to end corruption at the municipal authority level?

Income

Food Insecure Income 15% 44% 41%

Subsistence Income 9% 57% 34%

Adequate Income 10% 63% 27%

Secure Income 8% 70% 22%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Yes No Difficult to answer/No answer

96 Demographics Demographics Male 44%

SEX Female 56% 18-35 30% 36-50 26% AGE 51+ 44% Primary/Non-complete secondary 1% General secondary 25% Vocational secondary 34% Higher/Non-complete higher

EDUCATION 39% I do not work 49% Private 32% State 18%

Public, nongovernmental <1% SECTOR OFSECTOR

EMPLOYMENT Dificult to answer/No answer 1% Worker 26% Farmer/Peasant <1% White collar 6% Higher or medium level executive 5% Pensioner (not working) 30% Student 5% Homemaker 7%

OCCUPATION Unemployed 4% Self-employed/Entrepreneur 7% Other 9% Dificult to answer/No answer 1% None 97% Member of a political party 2%

NGO Member of NGO 1% PARTY/ MEMBER Dificult to answer/No answer 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 98 Demographics Ukrainian 45% Russian 88%

SPOKEN Other

AT HOME* 1% LANGUAGE Ukrainian 91% Russian 93% English 20%

KNOWN German 5% LANGUAGES Other 4% Ukrainian 80% Russian 16% Other 3%

NATIONALITY Difficult to answer/No answer 2% Ukrainian 85% Russian 11% Other 2%

IDENTITY** Difficult to answer/No answer 1% Orthodox UPC KP (Kyiv Patriarchate) 32% Orthodox UPC MP (Moscow Patriarchate) 10% *In the August 2019 poll (wave 2), respondents were permitted Atheist 4% to name multiple languages I believe in God, but do not belong to any religion 42% spoken at home.

RELIGION **If you were in a foreign country Other 2% and had to describe your identity Difficult to answer/No answer 9% how would you describe yourself?

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

99 Demographics

We need to save money for food 20%

We have enough money for food, but we need to save or borrow money for buying clothes and shoes 42%

We have enough money for food and necessary clothing and shoes, but we need to save or borrow money for other purchases like a good suit, a mobile phone, or a vacuum 27% cleaner We have enough money for food, clothing, shoes, and other purchases, but we need to save or borrow money for 9% purchasing more expensive things (e.g., appliances)

FINANCIAL STATUS FINANCIAL We have enough money for food, clothes, shoes, and expensive purchases, but we need to save or borrow 2% money for purchases like a car or an apartment

I can buy anything at any time <1%

Difficult to answer/No answer <1%

0% 20% 40% 60%

100 Demographics

Male 44%

SEX Female 56% 18-35 30%

36-50 26% AGE 51+ 44% Primary/Non-complete secondary 3% General secondary 22% Vocational secondary 37%

EDUCATION Higher/Non-complete higher 38% I do not work 48% Private 34% State 16%

Public, nongovernmental 1% SECTOR OFSECTOR EMPLOYMENT Dificult to answer/No answer 2% Worker 29% Farmer <1% White collar 7% Higher or medium level executive 6% Pensioner (not working) 30% Student 5% Homemaker 6% OCCUPATION Unemployed 6% Self-employed/Entrepreneur 4% Other 6% Dificult to answer/No answer 2% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 101 Demographics

Ukrainian 5%

Russian 65%

HOME LANGUAGE SPOKEN ATSPOKEN Both, Ukrainian and Russian equally 29% Ukrainian 75% Russian 22%

Other 4% NATIONALITY Orthodox UPC KP (Kyiv Patriarchate) 33% Orthodox UPC MP (Moscow Patriarchate) 14% Protestant 1% Muslim 1%

Atheist 6% RELIGION I believe in God, but do not belong to any religion 31% Other 4% Difficult to answer/No answer 12% None 98%

Member of an NGO 1% PARTY/

Member of a political party 1% NGO MEMBER

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 102 Demographics

We need to save money for food 25%

We have enough money for food, but we need to save or borrow money for buying clothes and shoes 37%

We have enough money for food and necessary clothing and shoes, but we need to save or borrow money for other purchases like a good suit, a mobile phone, or a 24% vacuum cleaner

We have enough money for food, clothing, shoes, and other purchases, but we need to save or borrow money 10%

FINANCIAL STATUS FINANCIAL for purchasing more expensive things (e.g., appliances)

We have enough money for food, clothes, shoes, and expensive purchases, but we need to save or borrow 3% money for purchases like a car or an apartment

I can buy anything at any time 1%

0% 20% 40% 60%

103 Center for Insights in Survey Research 202.408.9450 | [email protected] www.IRI.org | @IRI_Polls