Bub1 Is Not Required for the Checkpoint Response to Unattached Kinetochores in Diploid Human Cells
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The MIS12 Complex Is a Protein Interaction Hub for Outer Kinetochore Assembly
JCB: Article The MIS12 complex is a protein interaction hub for outer kinetochore assembly Arsen Petrovic,1 Sebastiano Pasqualato,1 Prakash Dube,3 Veronica Krenn,1 Stefano Santaguida,1 Davide Cittaro,4 Silvia Monzani,1 Lucia Massimiliano,1 Jenny Keller,1 Aldo Tarricone,1 Alessio Maiolica,1 Holger Stark,3 and Andrea Musacchio1,2 1Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) and 2Research Unit of the Italian Institute of Technology, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology–IEO Campus, I-20139 Milan, Italy 33D Electron Cryomicroscopy Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, and Göttingen Center for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany 4Consortium for Genomic Technologies, I-20139 Milan, Italy inetochores are nucleoprotein assemblies responsi axis of 22 nm. Through biochemical analysis, cross- ble for the attachment of chromosomes to spindle linking–based methods, and negative-stain electron mi K microtubules during mitosis. The KMN network, croscopy, we investigated the reciprocal organization of a crucial constituent of the outer kinetochore, creates an the subunits of the MIS12 complex and their contacts with interface that connects microtubules to centromeric chro the rest of the KMN network. A highlight of our findings matin. The NDC80, MIS12, and KNL1 complexes form the is the identification of the NSL1 subunit as a scaffold core of the KMN network. We recently reported the struc supporting interactions of the MIS12 complex with the tural organization of the human NDC80 complex. In this NDC80 and KNL1 complexes. Our analysis has important study, we extend our analysis to the human MIS12 com implications for understanding kinetochore organization in plex and show that it has an elongated structure with a long different organisms. -
Congenital Microcephaly
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sussex Research Online American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C (Seminars in Medical Genetics) ARTICLE Congenital Microcephaly DIANA ALCANTARA AND MARK O'DRISCOLL* The underlying etiologies of genetic congenital microcephaly are complex and multifactorial. Recently, with the exponential growth in the identification and characterization of novel genetic causes of congenital microcephaly, there has been a consolidation and emergence of certain themes concerning underlying pathomechanisms. These include abnormal mitotic microtubule spindle structure, numerical and structural abnormalities of the centrosome, altered cilia function, impaired DNA repair, DNA Damage Response signaling and DNA replication, along with attenuated cell cycle checkpoint proficiency. Many of these processes are highly interconnected. Interestingly, a defect in a gene whose encoded protein has a canonical function in one of these processes can often have multiple impacts at the cellular level involving several of these pathways. Here, we overview the key pathomechanistic themes underlying profound congenital microcephaly, and emphasize their interconnected nature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KEY WORDS: cell division; mitosis; DNA replication; cilia How to cite this article: Alcantara D, O'Driscoll M. 2014. Congenital microcephaly. Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet 9999:1–16. INTRODUCTION mid‐gestation although glial cell division formation of the various cortical layers. and consequent brain volume enlarge- Furthermore, differentiating and devel- Congenital microcephaly, an occipital‐ ment does continue after birth [Spalding oping neurons must migrate to their frontal circumference of equal to or less et al., 2005]. Impaired neurogenesis is defined locations to construct the com- than 2–3 standard deviations below the therefore most obviously reflected clini- plex architecture and laminar layered age‐related population mean, denotes cally as congenital microcephaly. -
Real-Time Dynamics of Plasmodium NDC80 Reveals Unusual Modes of Chromosome Segregation During Parasite Proliferation Mohammad Zeeshan1,*, Rajan Pandey1,*, David J
© 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Cell Science (2021) 134, jcs245753. doi:10.1242/jcs.245753 RESEARCH ARTICLE SPECIAL ISSUE: CELL BIOLOGY OF HOST–PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS Real-time dynamics of Plasmodium NDC80 reveals unusual modes of chromosome segregation during parasite proliferation Mohammad Zeeshan1,*, Rajan Pandey1,*, David J. P. Ferguson2,3, Eelco C. Tromer4, Robert Markus1, Steven Abel5, Declan Brady1, Emilie Daniel1, Rebecca Limenitakis6, Andrew R. Bottrill7, Karine G. Le Roch5, Anthony A. Holder8, Ross F. Waller4, David S. Guttery9 and Rita Tewari1,‡ ABSTRACT eukaryotic organisms to proliferate, propagate and survive. During Eukaryotic cell proliferation requires chromosome replication and these processes, microtubular spindles form to facilitate an equal precise segregation to ensure daughter cells have identical genomic segregation of duplicated chromosomes to the spindle poles. copies. Species of the genus Plasmodium, the causative agents of Chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules (MTs) is malaria, display remarkable aspects of nuclear division throughout their mediated by kinetochores, which are large multiprotein complexes life cycle to meet some peculiar and unique challenges to DNA assembled on centromeres located at the constriction point of sister replication and chromosome segregation. The parasite undergoes chromatids (Cheeseman, 2014; McKinley and Cheeseman, 2016; atypical endomitosis and endoreduplication with an intact nuclear Musacchio and Desai, 2017; Vader and Musacchio, 2017). Each membrane and intranuclear mitotic spindle. To understand these diverse sister chromatid has its own kinetochore, oriented to facilitate modes of Plasmodium cell division, we have studied the behaviour movement to opposite poles of the spindle apparatus. During and composition of the outer kinetochore NDC80 complex, a key part of anaphase, the spindle elongates and the sister chromatids separate, the mitotic apparatus that attaches the centromere of chromosomes to resulting in segregation of the two genomes during telophase. -
Molecular Genetics of Microcephaly Primary Hereditary: an Overview
brain sciences Review Molecular Genetics of Microcephaly Primary Hereditary: An Overview Nikistratos Siskos † , Electra Stylianopoulou †, Georgios Skavdis and Maria E. Grigoriou * Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; [email protected] (N.S.); [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (G.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] † Equal contribution. Abstract: MicroCephaly Primary Hereditary (MCPH) is a rare congenital neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a significant reduction of the occipitofrontal head circumference and mild to moderate mental disability. Patients have small brains, though with overall normal architecture; therefore, studying MCPH can reveal not only the pathological mechanisms leading to this condition, but also the mechanisms operating during normal development. MCPH is genetically heterogeneous, with 27 genes listed so far in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. In this review, we discuss the role of MCPH proteins and delineate the molecular mechanisms and common pathways in which they participate. Keywords: microcephaly; MCPH; MCPH1–MCPH27; molecular genetics; cell cycle 1. Introduction Citation: Siskos, N.; Stylianopoulou, Microcephaly, from the Greek word µικρoκεϕαλi´α (mikrokephalia), meaning small E.; Skavdis, G.; Grigoriou, M.E. head, is a term used to describe a cranium with reduction of the occipitofrontal head circum- Molecular Genetics of Microcephaly ference equal, or more that teo standard deviations -
Discovery of Novel Putative Tumor Suppressors from CRISPR Screens Reveals Rewired 2 Lipid Metabolism in AML Cells 3 4 W
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.332023; this version posted August 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Discovery of novel putative tumor suppressors from CRISPR screens reveals rewired 2 lipid metabolism in AML cells 3 4 W. Frank Lenoir1,2, Micaela Morgado2, Peter C DeWeirdt3, Megan McLaughlin1,2, Audrey L 5 Griffith3, Annabel K Sangree3, Marissa N Feeley3, Nazanin Esmaeili Anvar1,2, Eiru Kim2, Lori L 6 Bertolet2, Medina Colic1,2, Merve Dede1,2, John G Doench3, Traver Hart2,4,* 7 8 9 1 - The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of 10 Biomedical Sciences; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 11 12 2 - Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD 13 Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA 14 15 3 - Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA 16 17 4 - Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 18 Houston, TX, USA 19 20 21 22 23 * - Corresponding author: [email protected] 24 25 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.08.332023; this version posted August 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Bub1 Positions Mad1 Close to KNL1 MELT Repeats to Promote Checkpoint Signalling
ARTICLE Received 14 Dec 2016 | Accepted 3 May 2017 | Published 12 June 2017 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15822 OPEN Bub1 positions Mad1 close to KNL1 MELT repeats to promote checkpoint signalling Gang Zhang1, Thomas Kruse1, Blanca Lo´pez-Me´ndez1, Kathrine Beck Sylvestersen1, Dimitriya H. Garvanska1, Simone Schopper1, Michael Lund Nielsen1 & Jakob Nilsson1 Proper segregation of chromosomes depends on a functional spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and requires kinetochore localization of the Bub1 and Mad1/Mad2 checkpoint proteins. Several aspects of Mad1/Mad2 kinetochore recruitment in human cells are unclear and in particular the underlying direct interactions. Here we show that conserved domain 1 (CD1) in human Bub1 binds directly to Mad1 and a phosphorylation site exists in CD1 that stimulates Mad1 binding and SAC signalling. Importantly, fusion of minimal kinetochore-targeting Bub1 fragments to Mad1 bypasses the need for CD1, revealing that the main function of Bub1 is to position Mad1 close to KNL1 MELTrepeats. Furthermore, we identify residues in Mad1 that are critical for Mad1 functionality, but not Bub1 binding, arguing for a direct role of Mad1 in the checkpoint. This work dissects functionally relevant molecular interactions required for spindle assembly checkpoint signalling at kinetochores in human cells. 1 The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to G.Z. -
Synergistic Effects of Bubr1 and P53 Deficiency in Tumor Formation
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2006 Synergistic Effects of BubR1 and p53 Deficiency in umorT Formation Walter Guy Wiles University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Wiles, Walter Guy, "Synergistic Effects of BubR1 and p53 Deficiency in umorT Formation. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2006. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1836 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Walter Guy Wiles entitled "Synergistic Effects of BubR1 and p53 Deficiency in umorT Formation." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology. Sundar Venkatachalam, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Ranjan Ganguly, Ana Kitazono Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Walter Guy Wiles IV entitled “Synergistic Effects of BubR1 and p53 Deficiency in Tumor Formation.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology. -
BUB3 That Dissociates from BUB1 Activates Caspase-Independent Mitotic Death (CIMD)
Cell Death and Differentiation (2010) 17, 1011–1024 & 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 1350-9047/10 $32.00 www.nature.com/cdd BUB3 that dissociates from BUB1 activates caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD) Y Niikura1, H Ogi1, K Kikuchi1 and K Kitagawa*,1 The cell death mechanism that prevents aneuploidy caused by a failure of the spindle checkpoint has recently emerged as an important regulatory paradigm. We previously identified a new type of mitotic cell death, termed caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD), which is induced during early mitosis by partial BUB1 (a spindle checkpoint protein) depletion and defects in kinetochore–microtubule attachment. In this study, we have shown that survived cells that escape CIMD have abnormal nuclei, and we have determined the molecular mechanism by which BUB1 depletion activates CIMD. The BUB3 protein (a BUB1 interactor and a spindle checkpoint protein) interacts with p73 (a homolog of p53), specifically in cells wherein CIMD occurs. The BUB3 protein that is freed from BUB1 associates with p73 on which Y99 is phosphorylated by c-Abl tyrosine kinase, resulting in the activation of CIMD. These results strongly support the hypothesis that CIMD is the cell death mechanism protecting cells from aneuploidy by inducing the death of cells prone to substantial chromosome missegregation. Cell Death and Differentiation (2010) 17, 1011–1024; doi:10.1038/cdd.2009.207; published online 8 January 2010 Aneuploidy – the presence of an abnormal number of of spindle checkpoint activity.20,21 -
The Genome of Schmidtea Mediterranea and the Evolution Of
OPEN ArtICLE doi:10.1038/nature25473 The genome of Schmidtea mediterranea and the evolution of core cellular mechanisms Markus Alexander Grohme1*, Siegfried Schloissnig2*, Andrei Rozanski1, Martin Pippel2, George Robert Young3, Sylke Winkler1, Holger Brandl1, Ian Henry1, Andreas Dahl4, Sean Powell2, Michael Hiller1,5, Eugene Myers1 & Jochen Christian Rink1 The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is an important model for stem cell research and regeneration, but adequate genome resources for this species have been lacking. Here we report a highly contiguous genome assembly of S. mediterranea, using long-read sequencing and a de novo assembler (MARVEL) enhanced for low-complexity reads. The S. mediterranea genome is highly polymorphic and repetitive, and harbours a novel class of giant retroelements. Furthermore, the genome assembly lacks a number of highly conserved genes, including critical components of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, but planarians maintain checkpoint function. Our genome assembly provides a key model system resource that will be useful for studying regeneration and the evolutionary plasticity of core cell biological mechanisms. Rapid regeneration from tiny pieces of tissue makes planarians a prime De novo long read assembly of the planarian genome model system for regeneration. Abundant adult pluripotent stem cells, In preparation for genome sequencing, we inbred the sexual strain termed neoblasts, power regeneration and the continuous turnover of S. mediterranea (Fig. 1a) for more than 17 successive sib- mating of all cell types1–3, and transplantation of a single neoblast can rescue generations in the hope of decreasing heterozygosity. We also developed a lethally irradiated animal4. Planarians therefore also constitute a a new DNA isolation protocol that meets the purity and high molecular prime model system for stem cell pluripotency and its evolutionary weight requirements of PacBio long-read sequencing12 (Extended Data underpinnings5. -
Bioinformatics Analysis of BUB1 Expression and Gene Regulation Network in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Bioinformatics analysis of BUB1 expression and gene regulation network in lung adenocarcinoma Luyao Wang ( [email protected] ) Qingdao University Xue Yang Qingdao University Ning An Qingdao University Jia Liu Qingdao University Research article Keywords: bioinformatics analysis; BUB1; lung adenocarcinoma Posted Date: July 9th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.11120/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Translational Cancer Research on August 1st, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-20-1045. Page 1/22 Abstract Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of lung adenocarcinoma need further study. BUB1 (BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase which is critical in the mitosis. It is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types. Oncomine database was used to determine the differential expression of BUB1 in normal and lung adenocarcinoma tissues, while UALCAN was used to perform analysis of the relative expression and survival of BUB1 between tumor and normal tissues in different tumor subgroups. We used the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics to perform GO analysis and KEGG analysis of the top 50 altered neighbor genes of BUB1. The LinkedOmics database was used to determine differential gene expression with BUB1 and to perform functional analysis. The kinase, miRNA and transcription factor target networks correlated with BUB1 were also analysed by LinkedOmics database. The results revealed that BUB1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients. -
Bub1 Is Essential for Assembly of the Functional Inner Centromere
JCB: ARTICLE Bub1 is essential for assembly of the functional inner centromere Yekaterina Boyarchuk,1,2 Adrian Salic,3 Mary Dasso,1 and Alexei Arnaoutov1 1Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 2Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199004, Russia 3Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 uring mitosis, the inner centromeric region (ICR) Depletion of Bub1 from Xenopus laevis egg extract or recruits protein complexes that regulate sister from HeLa cells resulted in both destabilization and dis- D chromatid cohesion, monitor tension, and modu- placement of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) from late microtubule attachment. Biochemical pathways that the ICR. Moreover, soluble Bub1 controls the binding of govern formation of the inner centromere remain elusive. Sgo to chromatin, whereas the CPC restricts loading of The kinetochore protein Bub1 was shown to promote Sgo specifi cally onto centromeres. We further provide evi- assembly of the outer kinetochore components, such dence that Bub1 kinase activity is pivotal for recruitment of as BubR1 and CENP-F, on centromeres. Bub1 was also all of these components. Together, our fi ndings demon- implicated in targeting of Shugoshin (Sgo) to the ICR. We strate that Bub1 acts at multiple points to assure the cor- show that Bub1 works as a master organizer of the ICR. rect kinetochore formation. Introduction Attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules (MTs) thus, controlling the polymerization/depolymerization state of is performed by kinetochores, which are large proteinaceous tubulin fi laments to achieve correct end-on attachment of MTs structures that assemble at the centromeric regions of each sis- to the kinetochore (Andrews et al., 2004; Lan et al., 2004). -
Review Article Molecular and Cellular Basis of Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly
Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 547986, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/547986 Review Article Molecular and Cellular Basis of Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Marine Barbelanne1,2 and William Y. Tsang1,2,3 1 Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal,´ 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal,QC,CanadaH2W1R7´ 2 FacultedeM´ edecine,´ UniversitedeMontr´ eal,´ Montreal,QC,CanadaH3C3J7´ 3 Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal,´ QC, Canada H3A 1A3 Correspondence should be addressed to William Y. Tsang; [email protected] Received 16 July 2014; Revised 18 September 2014; Accepted 18 September 2014; Published 8 December 2014 Academic Editor: Saulius Butenas Copyright © 2014 M. Barbelanne and W. Y. Tsang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a marked reduction in brain size and intellectual disability. MCPH is genetically heterogeneous and can exhibit additional clinical features that overlap with related disorders including Seckel syndrome, Meier-Gorlin syndrome, and microcephalic osteodysplastic dwarfism. In this review, we discuss the key proteins mutated in MCPH. To date, MCPH-causing mutations have been identified in twelve different genes, many of which encode proteins that are involved in cell cycle regulation or are present at the centrosome, an organelle crucial for mitotic spindle assembly and cell division. We highlight recent findings on MCPH proteins with regard to their role in cell cycle progression, centrosome function, and early brain development.