The Geology of the West Coast Range of Tasmania
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Bedrock Geology Glossary from the Roadside Geology of Minnesota, Richard W
Minnesota Bedrock Geology Glossary From the Roadside Geology of Minnesota, Richard W. Ojakangas Sedimentary Rock Types in Minnesota Rocks that formed from the consolidation of loose sediment Conglomerate: A coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of pebbles, cobbles, or boul- ders set in a fine-grained matrix of silt and sand. Dolostone: A sedimentary rock composed of the mineral dolomite, a calcium magnesium car- bonate. Graywacke: A sedimentary rock made primarily of mud and sand, often deposited by turbidi- ty currents. Iron-formation: A thinly bedded sedimentary rock containing more than 15 percent iron. Limestone: A sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate. Mudstone: A sedimentary rock composed of mud. Sandstone: A sedimentary rock made primarily of sand. Shale: A deposit of clay, silt, or mud solidified into more or less a solid rock. Siltstone: A sedimentary rock made primarily of sand. Igneous and Volcanic Rock Types in Minnesota Rocks that solidified from cooling of molten magma Basalt: A black or dark grey volcanic rock that consists mainly of microscopic crystals of pla- gioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and perhaps olivine. Diorite: A plutonic igneous rock intermediate in composition between granite and gabbro. Gabbro: A dark igneous rock consisting mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene in crystals large enough to see with a simple magnifier. Gabbro has the same composition as basalt but contains much larger mineral grains because it cooled at depth over a longer period of time. Granite: An igneous rock composed mostly of orthoclase feldspar and quartz in grains large enough to see without using a magnifier. Most granites also contain mica and amphibole Rhyolite: A felsic (light-colored) volcanic rock, the extrusive equivalent of granite. -
The Geology, Petrography and Geochemistry of Gabbroic Rocks Of
The Geology, Petrography and Geochemistry of Gabbroic Rocks of the Pants Lake Intrusive Suite on the Donner/Teck South Voisey's Bay Property, North-Central Labrador, Canada Heather E. MacDonald A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Mastet's of Science Graduate Department of the Department of Geology University of Toronto O Copyright by Heather E. MacDonald, 1999 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellingtori Street 395. rue Wellington OttawaON K1A ON4 OnawaON KlAONQ Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seii reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de rnicrofiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur consewe la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantiai extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. The Geology, Petrography and Ceochernistry of Gabbroic Rocks of the Pants Lake Intrusive Suite on the Donner/Teck South Voisey's Bay Property, North-Central Labrador, Canada Heather E. MacDonald Master's of Science, 1999 Department of Geology University of Toronto Abstract The South Voisey's Bay property held by Donner Minerals Limited in North-Central Labrador hosts Ni-Cu-Co mineralization within gabbroic rocks of the Pants Lake Intrusive Suite (PLIS). -
A K-Feldspar Breccia from the MO-Cu Stockwork Deposit in the Galway Granite, West of Ireland
Journal ofthe Geological Sociefy, London, Vol. 145, 1988, pp. 661-667, 4 figs, 2 tables. Printed in Northern Ireland A K-feldspar breccia from the MO-Cu stockwork deposit in the Galway Granite, west of Ireland J. M. DERHAM & M. FEELY Department of Geology, University College, Galway, Ireland Abstrart: A K-feldspar breccia, spatially associated with the MO-Cu mineralization of a stockwork in the Late Caledonian Galway Granite at Mace Head, is described for the first time. Detailed mapping reveals a network of breccia pods and veins over an area of approximately 6000 m’. The breccia is clast-supportedand is composed of sub-angular fragments of perthiticK-feldspar megacrysts (<10cm), granite and microgranodiorite clasts (<25 m) set in a matrix of quartz (<l cm), biotite (<5 cm) and apatite (<3 mm). Field and textural studies indicated that the feldspar megacrysts and granite clasts were brecciated and silicified as they were carried (to the present structural level) by hydrous K- and Si0,-rich fluids. The residue of these fluids crystallized to form the breccia matrix. The formation of the breccia predates the mineralized quartz veins of the MO-Cu stockwork. It is concluded that the breccia formation is genetically related to ore-forming processes in the Galway Granite. Breccia lithologies with a wide spectrum of characteristics of the batholith. It is composed of concentric arcs of are associated worldwide with molybdenumand other metal K-feldspar-rich and K-feldspar-poor varieties of theCarna concentrations especially in mineralized graniteterrains granodiorite (Fig. 1). (Sham 1978; Norman & Sawkins 1985; Scherkenbach et al. 1985;- Warnaars et al. -
Water Management in the Anthony–Pieman Hydropower Scheme
Water management in the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme Pieman Sustainability Review June 2015 FACT SHEET Background The Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme provides a highly valued and reliable source of electricity. The total water storage of the hydropower scheme is 512 gigalitres and the average annual generation is 2367 gigawatt hours. Construction of the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme has resulted in creation of water storages (lakes) and alterations to the natural flow of existing rivers and streams. The Pieman Sustainability Review is a review of operational, social and environmental aspects of the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme that are influenced by Hydro Tasmania. This fact sheet elaborates on water management issues presented in the summary report, available at http://www.hydro.com.au/pieman-sustainability-review Water storage levels in the Anthony–Pieman Water levels have been monitored at these storages since hydropower scheme their creation in stages between 1981 and 1991. The Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme includes eight Headwater storages: Lake Mackintosh and Lake water storages, classified as headwater storages (Lakes Murchison Mackintosh and Murchison), diversion storages (Lakes Lakes Mackintosh and Murchison are the main headwater Henty and Newton and White Spur Pond) and run-of-river storages for the Anthony–Pieman hydropower scheme. storages (Lakes Rosebery, Plimsoll and Pieman). Lakes The water level fluctuates over the entire operating range Murchison, Henty and Newton and White Spur Pond do not from Normal Minimum Operating Level (NMOL) to Full release water directly to a power station; rather they are Supply Level (FSL) (Figures 1, 2). used to transfer water to other storages within the scheme. -
Module 7 Igneous Rocks IGNEOUS ROCKS
Module 7 Igneous Rocks IGNEOUS ROCKS ▪ Igneous Rocks form by crystallization of molten rock material IGNEOUS ROCKS ▪ Igneous Rocks form by crystallization of molten rock material ▪ Molten rock material below Earth’s surface is called magma ▪ Molten rock material erupted above Earth’s surface is called lava ▪ The name changes because the composition of the molten material changes as it is erupted due to escape of volatile gases Rocks Cycle Consolidation Crystallization Rock Forming Minerals 1200ºC Olivine High Ca-rich Pyroxene Ca-Na-rich Amphibole Intermediate Na-Ca-rich Continuous branch Continuous Discontinuous branch Discontinuous Biotite Na-rich Plagioclase feldspar of liquid increases liquid of 2 Temperature decreases Temperature SiO Low K-feldspar Muscovite Quartz 700ºC BOWEN’S REACTION SERIES Rock Forming Minerals Olivine Ca-rich Pyroxene Ca-Na-rich Amphibole Na-Ca-rich Continuous branch Continuous Discontinuous branch Discontinuous Biotite Na-rich Plagioclase feldspar K-feldspar Muscovite Quartz BOWEN’S REACTION SERIES Rock Forming Minerals High Temperature Mineral Suite Olivine • Isolated Tetrahedra Structure • Iron, magnesium, silicon, oxygen • Bowen’s Discontinuous Series Augite • Single Chain Structure (Pyroxene) • Iron, magnesium, calcium, silicon, aluminium, oxygen • Bowen’s Discontinuos Series Calcium Feldspar • Framework Silicate Structure (Plagioclase) • Calcium, silicon, aluminium, oxygen • Bowen’s Continuous Series Rock Forming Minerals Intermediate Temperature Mineral Suite Hornblende • Double Chain Structure (Amphibole) -
Mid-Infrared Optical Constants of Clinopyroxene and Orthoclase Derived from Oriented Single-Crystal Reflectance Spectra
American Mineralogist, Volume 99, pages 1942–1955, 2014 Mid-infrared optical constants of clinopyroxene and orthoclase derived from oriented single-crystal reflectance spectra JESSICA A. ARNOLD1,*, TIMOTHY D. GLOTCH1 AND ANNA M. PLONKA1 1Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, U.S.A. ABSTRACT We have determined the mid-IR optical constants of one alkali feldspar and four pyroxene compo- sitions in the range of 250–4000 cm–1. Measured reflectance spectra of oriented single crystals were iteratively fit to modeled spectra derived from classical dispersion analysis. We present the real and imaginary indices of refraction (n and k) along with the oscillator parameters with which they were modeled. While materials of orthorhombic symmetry and higher are well covered by the current literature, optical constants have been derived for only a handful of geologically relevant monoclinic materials, including gypsum and orthoclase. Two input parameters that go into radiative transfer models, the scattering phase function and the single scattering albedo, are functions of a material’s optical constants. Pyroxene is a common rock-forming mineral group in terrestrial bodies as well as meteorites and is also detected in cosmic dust. Hence, having a set of pyroxene optical constants will provide additional details about the composition of Solar System bodies and circumstellar materials. We follow the method of Mayerhöfer et al. (2010), which is based on the Berreman 4 × 4 matrix formulation. This approach provides a consistent way to calculate the reflectance coefficients in low- symmetry cases. Additionally, while many models assume normal incidence to simplify the dispersion relations, this more general model applies to reflectance spectra collected at non-normal incidence. -
Bulletin of the Geological Society of America Vol
BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 69, PP. 1071-1073 AUGUST 1953 DEFINITION OF VOLCANIC BRECCIA BY RICHARD V. FISHER Common usage of the term breccia by most usefulness because of these various definitions' geologists limits it to a rock composed of not only in the matter of grade size but, far angular fragments. The lower-size limit of the more importantly, in the matter of genetic fragments is generally set at 2 mm, the limiting implications. Indeed, in the most recent size for granules and larger particles (Went- glossary of geologic terms (American Geological worth, 1922; 1935). Logically it should follow Institute, 1957), volcanic breccia has been that a volcanic breccia is a breccia composed of defined as a "more or less indurated pyroclastic angular volcanic fragments larger than 2 mm. rock (author's italics) consisting chiefly of Norton (1917, p. 162), in his classification of accessory and accidental angular ejecta 32 mm breccias, includes volcanic breccias under the or more in diameter lying in a fine tuff matrix." heading of subaerial breccias, although he does It is commonly recognized that volcanic not set a size limit for the fragments. He breccias may originate in a variety of ways further subdivides volcanic breccias (p. 170) (Anderson, 1933, p. 215-276; Wentworth and into flow breccia, which forms by fragmentation Williams, 1932, p. 32-33; Gilluly, Waters, and of lava during its flow, and tuff breccia "made up Woodford, 1951, p. 606), and apparently most of fragmental products of explosive eruptions." geologists use the term in a broad sense, but in Reynolds (1928, p. -
Squires Catalogue
Type and Figured Palaeontological Specimens in the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery A CATALOGUE Compiled by Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Don Squires Hobart, Tasmania Honorary Curator of Palaeontology May, 2012 Type and Figured Palaeontological Specimens in the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery A CATALOGUE Compiled by Don Squires Honorary Curator of Palaeontology cover image: Trigonotreta stokesi Koenig 1825, the !rst described Australian fossil taxon occurs abundantly in its type locality in the Tamar Valley, Tasmania as external and internal moulds. The holotype, a wax cast, is housed at the British Museum (Natural History). (Clarke, 1979) Hobart, Tasmania May, 2012 Contents INTRODUCTION ..........................................1 VERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY ...........122 PISCES .................................................. 122 INVERTEBRATE PALAEONTOLOGY ............9 AMPHIBIA .............................................. 123 NEOGENE ....................................................... 9 REPTILIA [SP?] ....................................... 126 MONOTREMATA .................................... 127 PLEISTOCENE ........................................... 9 MARSUPIALIA ........................................ 127 Gastropoda .......................................... 9 INCERTAE SEDIS ................................... 128 Ostracoda ........................................... 10 DESCRIBED AS A VERTEBRATE, MIOCENE ................................................. 14 PROBABLY A PLANT ............................. 129 bivalvia ............................................... -
Tas Talk… the Movie the Cast, Their Stories and the Best Supporting Actress…Tasmania
TAS TALK… THE MOVIE THE CAST, THEIR STORIES AND THE BEST SUPPORTING ACTRESS…TASMANIA Kayaking on the Pieman River © Michael Walters Photography Behind the Scenes, Hobart © HypeTV –––– A journey to Tasmania is a rare chance to disconnect from stress and reconnect with the things that matter. Geographic isolation has contributed to unique biodiversity, and it has also fostered a rare community of creative, down-to-earth, resourceful people with time to make you feel welcome. We are all working in unusual circumstances and although this year we were unable to deliver our much sought after TasTalk trade event in its standard format, we know you need to connect with Tasmanian tourism operators. So, we are bringing the TasTalk trade event experience to you! This is TasTalk...The Movie, an opportunity for you to listen and connect with Tasmanians over a live platform. Featuring the stars of our tourism industry, this is set to be a movie like you have never seen before. One of the joys of travelling in Tasmania is not just the chance to taste produce straight from the farm and ocean, but the ease of meeting the makers at cellar doors, farm gates and local markets. And with four distinct seasons, there’s always something new to see, taste and feel. TasTalk...The Movie will speak to all of this and more. Tasmania is a place for adventure, however, you define it. Whether the view is from the privacy of a hot tub in a forest, or from a kayak for two, or fireside with Tassie whisky and friends, the world looks different from Tasmania. -
Mount Lyell Abt Railway Tasmania
Mount Lyell Abt Railway Tasmania Nomination for Engineers Australia Engineering Heritage Recognition Volume 2 Prepared by Ian Cooper FIEAust CPEng (Retired) For Abt Railway Ministerial Corporation & Engineering Heritage Tasmania July 2015 Mount Lyell Abt Railway Engineering Heritage nomination Vol2 TABLE OF CONTENTS BIBLIOGRAPHIES CLARKE, William Branwhite (1798-1878) 3 GOULD, Charles (1834-1893) 6 BELL, Charles Napier, (1835 - 1906) 6 KELLY, Anthony Edwin (1852–1930) 7 STICHT, Robert Carl (1856–1922) 11 DRIFFIELD, Edward Carus (1865-1945) 13 PHOTO GALLERY Cover Figure – Abt locomotive train passing through restored Iron Bridge Figure A1 – Routes surveyed for the Mt Lyell Railway 14 Figure A2 – Mount Lyell Survey Team at one of their camps, early 1893 14 Figure A3 – Teamsters and friends on the early track formation 15 Figure A4 - Laying the rack rail on the climb up from Dubbil Barril 15 Figure A5 – Cutting at Rinadeena Saddle 15 Figure A6 – Abt No. 1 prior to dismantling, packaging and shipping to Tasmania 16 Figure A7 – Abt No. 1 as changed by the Mt Lyell workshop 16 Figure A8 – Schematic diagram showing Abt mechanical motion arrangement 16 Figure A9 – Twin timber trusses of ‘Quarter Mile’ Bridge spanning the King River 17 Figure A10 – ‘Quarter Mile’ trestle section 17 Figure A11 – New ‘Quarter Mile’ with steel girder section and 3 Bailey sections 17 Figure A12 – Repainting of Iron Bridge following removal of lead paint 18 Figure A13 - Iron Bridge restoration cross bracing & strengthening additions 18 Figure A14 – Iron Bridge new -
Table of Contents. Letter of Transmittal. Officers 1910
TWELFTH REPORT OFFICERS 1910-1911. OF President, F. G. NOVY, Ann Arbor. THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Secretary-Treasurer, GEO. D. SHAFER, East Lansing. Librarian, A. G. RUTHVEN, Ann Arbor. CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE ANNUAL MEETING VICE-PRESIDENTS. HELD AT Agriculture, CHARLES E. MARSHALL, East Lansing. Geography and Geology, W. H. SHERZER, Ypsilanti. ANN ARBOR, MARCH 31, APRIL 1 AND 2, 1910. Zoology, A. S. PEARSE, Ann Arbor. Botany, C. H. KAUFFMAN, Ann Arbor. PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE Sanitary and Medical Science, GUY KIEFER, Detroit. COUNCIL Economics, H. S. SMALLEY, Ann Arbor. BY PAST-PRESIDENTS. GEO. D. SHAFER DR. W. J. BEAL, East Lansing. Professor W. H. SHERZER, Ypsilanti. BRYANT WALKER, ESQ. Detroit. BY AUTHORITY Professor V. M. SPALDING, Tucson, Arizona. LANSING, MICHIGAN DR. HENRY B. BAKER, Holland. WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., STATE PRINTERS Professor JACOB REIGHARD, Ann Arbor. 1910 Professor CHARLES E. BARR, Albion. Professor V. C. VAUGHAN, Ann Arbor. Professor F. C. NEWCOMBE, Ann Arbor. TABLE OF CONTENTS. DR. A. C. LANE, Tuft's College, Mass. Professor W. B. BARROWS, East Lansing. DR. J. B. POLLOCK, Ann Arbor. Letter of Transmittal .......................................................... 1 Professor M. H. W. JEFFERSON, Ypsilanti. DR. CHARLES E. MARSHALL, East Lansing. Officers for 1910-1911. ..................................................... 1 Professor FRANK LEVERETT, Ann Arbor. Life of William Smith Sayer. .............................................. 1 COUNCIL. Life of Charles Fay Wheeler.............................................. 2 The Council is composed of the above named officers Papers published in this report: and all Resident Past-Presidents. President's Address—Outline of the History of the Great Lakes, Frank Leverett.......................................... 3 On the Glacial Origin of the Huronian Rocks of WILLIAM SMITH SAYER. -
Provision of Professional Services Western Tasmania Industry Infrastructure Study TRIM File No.: 039909/002 Brief No.: 1280-3-19 Project No.: A130013.002
Provision of Professional Services Western Tasmania Industry Infrastructure Study TRIM File No.: 039909/002 Brief No.: 1280-3-19 Project No.: A130013.002 Western Tasmania Industry Infrastructure Study FINAL REPORT May 2012 Sinclair Knight Merz 100 Melville St, Hobart 7000 GPO Box 1725 Hobart TAS 7001 Australia Tel: +61 3 6221 3711 Fax: +61 3 6224 2325 Web: www.skmconsulting.com COPYRIGHT: The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Sinclair Knight Merz constitutes an infringement of copyright. LIMITATION: This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd’s Client, and is subject to and issued in connection with the provisions of the agreement between Sinclair Knight Merz and its Client. Sinclair Knight Merz accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party. The SKM logo trade mark is a registered trade mark of Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd. Final Report Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction and background 13 1.1. Strategic background 13 1.2. Policy and planning framework 14 1.3. This report 15 1.4. Approach adopted 16 2. Report 1: Infrastructure audit report 17 2.1. Introduction 17 2.2. Road Infrastructure 17 2.2.1. Roads Policy and Planning Context 17 2.2.2. Major Road Corridor 20 2.2.2.1. Anthony Main Road (DIER) 20 2.2.2.2.