Long Haul Lowcost: Kansen En Bedreigingen

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Long Haul Lowcost: Kansen En Bedreigingen Erasmushogeschool Brussel Campus Dansaert Bachelor Toerisme- en recreatiemanagement Long Haul Lowcost: kansen en bedreigingen Michael Distelmans 3 TRM A Juni 2013 Long haul lowcost: kansen en bedreigingen Voorwoord Bij de aanvang van dit eindwerk wens ik een aantal mensen te bedanken die bijgedragen hebben tot de realisatie van dit onderzoek. Eerst gaat mijn dank uit naar de personen die ik mocht interviewen. Hun bijdrage is een absolute meerwaarde voor dit onderzoek. Ook wens ik dhr. Dieter Covent te bedanken voor de begeleiding en opvolging van dit onderzoek. Tot slot bedank ik Fabienne Poot voor de steun en Bjorn Van Bael voor de tips. Michaël Distelmans 2 Long haul lowcost: kansen en bedreigingen Inhoudsopgave Voorwoord ............................................................................................................................. 2 Inhoudsopgave ...................................................................................................................... 3 Lijst met bijlagen.................................................................................................................... 7 Lijst met afbeeldingen ........................................................................................................... 8 Lijst met tabellen ..................................................................................................................10 Lijst met woordverklaringen ..................................................................................................11 Lijst met afkortingen .............................................................................................................14 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................15 1. Probleemformulering .....................................................................................................16 1.1 Probleemstelling .....................................................................................................16 1.2 Doelstellingen.........................................................................................................16 1.3 Onderzoeksvragen .................................................................................................16 1.4 Onderzoeksplan .....................................................................................................17 1.4.1 Literatuurstudie ...............................................................................................17 1.4.2 Semi-gestructureerde interviews .....................................................................18 1.5 Beperkingen van het onderzoek .............................................................................19 2. De luchtvaartsector gedefinieerd ...................................................................................20 2.1 Een korte geschiedenis ..........................................................................................20 2.2 De impact van de deregulering ...............................................................................24 2.3 Soorten luchtvaartmaatschappijen .........................................................................24 3. Het lowcostcarriermodel ................................................................................................27 3.1 Eigenschappen van het lowcostcarriermodel .........................................................28 3.1.1 Prijsstructuur & yield management ..................................................................28 Michaël Distelmans 3 Long haul lowcost: kansen en bedreigingen 3.1.2 Service level ....................................................................................................29 3.1.3 Snelle turnaround ............................................................................................29 3.1.4 Klassen aan boord ..........................................................................................29 3.1.5 Distributie ........................................................................................................30 3.1.6 Vliegtuigtypes ..................................................................................................30 3.1.7 Secundaire luchthavens ..................................................................................31 3.1.8 Point-to-point netwerk .....................................................................................32 3.2 Kostenvoordeel van lowcostcarriers .......................................................................33 3.3 De impact van lowcostcarriers op secundaire luchthavens .....................................34 3.3.1 De case van Ryanair en Charleroi ...................................................................35 3.4 Evolutie van het lowcostcarriermodel .....................................................................37 3.4.1 Impact van de deregulering .............................................................................37 3.4.2 Hoe het allemaal in Amerika begon .................................................................37 3.4.3 Een nieuw Europa, zorgt voor nieuwe lowcost routes......................................37 3.5 De limieten van het lowcostcarriermodel ................................................................40 3.5.1 Hybride modellen ............................................................................................41 3.6 Lowcostcarriers, secundaire luchthavens en staatssteun .......................................44 3.7 Strategische reacties van andere segmenten .........................................................45 3.7.1 De concurrentie tussen lowcostcarriers en full service carriers ........................47 3.7.2 Chartermaatschappijen – het andere lowcostmodel? ......................................49 3.8 De geografische spreiding van lowcostcarriers .......................................................52 3.8.1 Amerika en Canada ........................................................................................52 3.8.2 Europa ............................................................................................................53 3.8.3 Midden-Oosten................................................................................................56 Michaël Distelmans 4 Long haul lowcost: kansen en bedreigingen 3.8.4 Azië .................................................................................................................57 3.8.5 Australië ..........................................................................................................57 3.8.6 Afrika ...............................................................................................................57 3.8.7 Zuid-Amerika ...................................................................................................57 4. Long haul lowcost..........................................................................................................58 4.1 Wat is long haul? ....................................................................................................58 4.2 Long haul charter- en hybridemaatschappijen ........................................................58 4.3 Recente succesverhalen ........................................................................................69 4.4 Waarom zou het kunnen falen ................................................................................72 4.4.1 Faalfactoren ....................................................................................................72 4.4.2 Gefaalde projecten ..........................................................................................73 4.5 Toekomstige scenario’s ..........................................................................................76 4.5.1 Emirates ..........................................................................................................76 4.5.2 Ryanair ...........................................................................................................76 4.5.3 Andere geplande maar nooit uitgevoerde projecten ........................................78 4.6 Noodzakelijke aanpassingen aan het LCC-model ..................................................79 4.6.1 Klassen aan boord en service level .................................................................79 4.6.2 Distributie ........................................................................................................81 4.6.3 Vliegtuigtypes ..................................................................................................81 4.6.4 Connecting traffic ............................................................................................83 4.6.5 Luchthavens ....................................................................................................84 4.6.6 Cargo ..............................................................................................................84 4.6.7 Turnaround .....................................................................................................85 4.6.8 Prijsstructuur ...................................................................................................86 Michaël Distelmans 5 Long haul lowcost: kansen en bedreigingen 4.6.9 Personeel ........................................................................................................86 4.7 Mogelijke routes en bestemmingen ........................................................................88 4.7.1 Long haul lowcost vanuit België
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