University of Michigan Business School
Spring 2000
WalkingWalking thethe Talk:Talk: Sam Zell and Ann Lurie Invest in Entrepreneurial Studies
Plus: Your Customers are Key Collaborators by V. Ramaswamy Save on taxes. Live forever. Interested? With a Planned Gift you can leave a lasting legacy at the University of Michigan Business School. In addition, such gifts may offer certain tax benefits.
For more information, call Barbara Ackley at 734-763-5775 or return the business reply card. Spring 2000
FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 3 Across the Board 28 Tough Guy Sam Zell GeoCities’ David Bohnett… Ford’s Jacques Nasser…Taxes and Puts His Money Campaign 2000…Citizens Rank Uncle Sam…C. K. Prahalad in Where His Heart Is Taiwan and more… Sam Zell says there are nine personal characteristics essential to the successful 9 Quote Unquote entrepreneur; his $5 million gift to the Business School aims to foster those Who is saying what—and where. characteristics on a large scale. 13 Faculty Research In the Know on IPOs 31 Devoted Mother, Theresa Welbourne finds HR strategies Committed Philanthropist predict long-term survival of start-ups. PLUS: A list of recent journal articles Ann Lurie’s deceased husband, Robert H. Lurie, wished to further the study of written by University of Michigan entrepreneurship at the University of Michigan Business School. With her Business School faculty and how to $5 million gift, his wish comes true. obtain copies. 15 Ovation 34 Entrepreneurship in Everything’s Coming Up Roses: Keith and Valerie Alessi Renovate Action: Michigan Students the Courtyard Alumni and Friends Honor Gilbert Lead the Charge and Ruth Whitaker Entrepreneurial studies have become one of the most popular fields among business school students 18 Alumni at Large nationwide. Learn what Michigan is doing and why. “Give Me Equity or Give Me Death”: a profile of Jeff Rich, BBA ’82 PHOTO STORY In the Swing of Things: Elaine Crosby, BBA ’80, drives her career in the LPGA 20 Reunion ’99 37 Alumni Activities INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL Club news from Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, 11 Seismic Shift: Think of the Twin Cities, France and Thailand. 39 Class Notes Customers As Collaborators The goings-on of friends and colleagues Radical as it may sound, Venkatram Ramaswamy says anyone who is selling anything in the new economy needs to think of the consumer as a key 45 Obituaries collaborator in product development. 47 Alumni Network Dean: B. Joseph White; Senior Associate Dean: Susan J. Ashford; Update Associate Deans: Gautam Kaul, F. Brian Talbot Strengthen ties with the University of Editor: Cynthia Shaw; Class Notes and Copy Editor: Fred P. Wessells Michigan Business School: Complete and Contributors: Claudia Capos, Eldonna May return your update form today! Editorial Assistants: Mary Joslyn, Diana Munoz Designer: Blue Pencil Creative Group, Ltd. Chief Photographer: Michael J. Schimpf; Photographer: Bill Wood Copyright ©2000 The University of Michigan Business School. This publication is produced by Cover photo by the Office of Communications and made possible through the generosity of private donations. Michael J. Schimpf University of Michigan Business School Web site: www.bus.umich.edu
Dividend 1 SPRING 2000 University of Michigan Business School
March 2000 Dear Business School Community, I am writing to inform you of my plans to complete my second five-year term as dean of the University of Michigan Business School next year (2000-2001) and then undertake new professional challenges. Accordingly, I have communicated this decision to Provost Nancy Cantor and President Lee Bollinger.
701 Tappan Street Serving as dean of our School has been my dream job. I have been deeply honored, challenged, and gratified Ann Arbor, Michigan to have this wonderful opportunity to work with and for all of you. 48109-1234 I had long planned to serve as dean for a decade. By mid-2001, I will have been dean for eleven years and in Tel 734 764 1361 Fax 734 763 0671 the senior leadership of the School for fourteen years. I will be ready at that time to pass the baton to my successor. Email I want you to know how grateful I am to our faculty, students, staff, alumni, generous donors, corporate [email protected] friends, my dean colleagues, and Nancy and Lee and their predecessors for the tremendous support they have provided to the School and to me personally. B. Joseph White Dean and It has been a joy for me to participate in the innovations and improvements in our programs, and in the Wilbur K. Pierpont creation of the William Davidson Institute, the Joel D. Tauber Manufacturing Institute, the Frederick A. and Collegiate Professor Barbara M. Erb Institute, and the Samuel Zell and Robert H. Lurie Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies. It has been gratifying to honor our faculty with 26 new named, endowed professorships, to double our annual expenditures on student scholarships, and to build Sam Wyly Hall. It has been remarkable to see the School’s endowment increase from $40 million to nearly $150 million between 1990 and 2000. And yes, we’ve had more than our share of victories in the unscientific but nonetheless consequential ratings and rankings of the world’s top business schools. Leadership work is easy if you love your institution and cherish those with whom you work. For me, both have been true during the last decade. We have much to do in the coming year to maintain and build scholarship, recruitment, education and development programs, facilities and global reach, financial strength, and our leadership as an innovator. The School’s leadership team and I will work aggressively on making our School even stronger in each of these areas. While I cannot be certain what my next professional challenge will be, I am deeply drawn to faculty work and to continuing my membership in the Business School community. What I know for certain is how important new challenges are to each of us as the key to continued growth, learning, and excitement and energy about work. The University of Michigan has an established and effective process for selecting deans. I expect that our School will be very attractive to outstanding candidates. As I’m sure you know, I have tremendous confidence in the strength, momentum, and future promise of this institution. With warm and grateful regards,
B. Joseph White Dean and Wilbur K. Pierpont Collegiate Professor Entrepreneur of the Year ACROSSTHE GeoCities BOARD and space for users to create their own Web pages and interact with one another. This Founder David strategy proved to be a winner among users and among advertisers who jumped at Bohnett Tells the chance to promote their wares to self- segregating groups of like-minded people. Bohnett attributes his achievements to
His E-Story innovative thinking. “Entrepreneurs need Michael J. Schimpf -business success hinges on under- to ask: ‘How can I look at things differ- Jacques Nasser Estanding how the Internet is changing ently?’ Not, ‘How can I create a business people’s behavior and building innovative that does the same thing, except on the Auto Industry business models to capitalize on those be- Internet?’ It is important to understand havioral changes, says GeoCities founder what is driving the change in the Internet,” David Bohnett, MBA ’80. he said, “and then to build business models Customers Will A rapt audience packed Hale Auditorium around that.” last fall to watch Bohnett receive the Uni- Obtaining venture capital often is a Design New Cars versity of Michigan Business School’s 1999 stumbling block for start-up companies, he Entrepreneur of the Year Award and hear added. After sinking his entire net worth— him deliver the keynote address at the $350,000—into his fledgling enterprise, he Says Nasser Fourth Annual Entrepreneurs Forum. knocked on doors for two years in search echnological advances are compelling of investors. Tautomotive manufacturers and other In early 1996, he convinced CMG (now “nuts-and-bolts companies” to rethink CMGI Inc., an Andover, Maryland-based their business models on virtually all levels, corporation that develops and operates In- Ford Motor Company CEO Jacques Nasser ternet companies) to purchase half the told incoming MBA students at the Leader- company for $2 million. GeoCities went ship Development Program’s welcome ad- public in August 1998. dress last August. Bohnett now heads his own investment Last fall, Ford announced it was part- company, Los-Angeles-based Baroda Ven- nering with Microsoft Corp. to sell build- tures LLC, and he has founded and serves to-order cars to customers over the Inter- as executive director of the David Bohnett net via Microsoft’s CarPoint auto-sales Web Foundation, a nonprofit grant-making or- site. Nasser estimated 40 percent of Ford ganization that works to improve society customers now use the Internet to obtain through social activism. information about car products and pric- Bohnett predicted the Internet’s ing, a trend that will continue to grow. He strengths—the elimination of time, the predicted in 20 to 30 years only half the elimination of inefficiencies, the lack of dealerships in business today will exist as regulation and the lack of natural bound- owner-operated enterprises.
Michael J. Schimpf aries—will foster tremendous changes in In addition, consumers are demanding— David Bohnett business practice, including the eventual and auto companies are installing—more collapse of intellectual properties. Fixed electronic equipment on their vehicles than “The Internet, though still in its infancy, is pricing will give way to dynamic, variable ever before. “More and more, the automo- creating new markets and business opportu- pricing in real time. Even education will bile is going to be an extension and reflec- nities for those willing to embrace fast- shift its emphasis from basic information tion of the technology consumers now get in paced technological advances,” he said. “By gathering to teaching thought processes their offices and homes,” Nasser said. all accounts, GeoCities shouldn’t exist. But and methodology. On the supplier side, Ford has experi- we had an idea, an opportunity, an environ- Other factors fueling the Internet revolu- mented with a 24-hour online bidding proc- ment and a platform on which to build.” tion are increased bandwidths, the prolifer- ess, producing $30 million in savings thus Bohnett, now 43, pioneered the concept ation of Internet appliances, diminished far. Electronic bidding could be expanded to of providing free home pages to Internet dominance of Microsoft Windows and the the company’s entire $50 billion global ma- users. In 1994, GeoCities was a Web-based migration of software applications to cen- terials purchasing operation, he said. start-up company. By 1999 Yahoo! Inc. tral servers. But it is talent, he said, that In a parting comment, Nasser gave career had acquired the company for $3 billion. drives the Web: “There’s a lot of money out advice: “Choose something you have energy In creating GeoCities, Bohnett pioneered there, especially in Silicon Valley, but it’s re- around, something you are passionate a new business model that structured online ally the people who make the difference.” about, something you bring great strength neighborhoods around areas of common in- To read an extended interview with and talent to and something that can do terest to participants. He provided free tools Bohnett, visit www.bus.umich.edu/e-business/. good for the community and society.”
Dividend 3 SPRING 2000 High Technology ACROSS company Pearson plc, whose holdings in- THE clude the Financial Times, Penguin Books and a major interest in The Economist. BOARD The programs—Finance for Non- Acer CEO: Global Financial Managers, Sales Management, Asian companies face the challenge of Marketing for Non-Marketing Managers serving customers on a localized basis while and Basic Management—will be based on Partnerships = trying to extend their reach to foreign mar- the Executive Education offerings of the kets on a global scale, he said. Because mar- same names. Effective use of advanced keting products in a developed country is Global Success technologies will enable participation from not easy for Asian companies, many are ooperation, rather than competition, anywhere in the world yet maintain tradi- doing original design manufacturing (ODM) is the key to creating win-win situa- tional components of classroom learning C rather than promoting their own brands. tions for global companies in the high-tech such as interaction with the faculty in- Asian and American firms stand to bene- industry, Acer Group Chairman and CEO structor and one’s classmates. Class size is fit from partnerships with companies pos- Stan Shih told a Dean’s Seminar audience limited to 50 students. sessing obvious and complementary last fall. “This partnership is ground-breaking in strengths, Shih said. He speaks from expe- both its approach and the combination of its rience: His strategic investments in Silicon assets,” says B. Joseph White, dean. “This is Valley high-tech companies and alliances the first time a top business school has part- with major U.S. companies have helped nered with a multi-media company.” Acer develop and refine its products for FT Knowledge is expert in developing competition on a global scale. course content for a variety of media and has an established infrastructure to deliver Executive Education and market programs internationally. The University of Michigan Business School’s Executive Education Program is not only Quality the largest provider of executive training programs in the world but also consistently rated one of the two best providers by Learning Online: Business Week magazine. The first courses will be launched this New Partnership summer and will be live for a two-month period. Students may proceed at their own pace with regular interaction from faculty. Michael J. Schimpf Makes It Possible The four programs under development will Stan Shih eb-based management training will each be equivalent to a one-week, full- Shih said because the Internet has re- Wbe available this summer thanks to a time, on-campus program. The programs shaped the way business is conducted new partnership between the University of will be marketed primarily to companies. throughout the world, it is virtually impos- Michigan Business School and FT Knowl- For more information, visit www.bus. sible for any country or company to com- edge, a division of the international media umich.edu. pete effectively without forging strategic global alliances. “In the technology busi- ness, you need a partner to share informa- tion and reduce the costs associated with global competition,” Shih said. The Alumni Society Acer is a $6 billion company, specializing in the development and production of microprocessors. It is also the world’s third- Board of Governors largest producer of personal computers, with locations in nearly 40 countries. welcomes its new members: Shih is a co-founder of the Taipei-based Daniel J. Hennessey, MBA ’81, general partner, Code, Hennessey & company and a member of the Business Simmons, Chicago School’s Visiting Committee. David B. Kaplan, BBA ’89, partner, Apollo Advisors, LP, Los Angeles “The challenges for U.S. and Asian com- Jodi A. Klein, MBA ’93, senior director, marketing, Visionary Design panies are quite different,” he said. In an Systems, Santa Clara, Calif. effort to reduce costs and become more Jane L. Okun, MBA ’89, executive director, investor relations, MediaOne globally competitive, American technology Group, Englewood, Calif. companies are transferring their manufac- Stephen H. Staelin, MBA ’69, partner, Ernst & Young LLP, Toledo, Ohio turing operations offshore to locations in Asia, and focusing on new areas, such as software, service and innovation.
Dividend 4 SPRING 2000 Business in Asia ACROSSTHE Campaign 2000 Rosenthal Takes BOARD Web Site Mainland companies pay an annual service fee of $3,000, which is shared be- E-Commerce tween U.S. Business Network and the six Assesses the ministries of the Chinese government or to China other partners that market the site. Tax Debate Rosenthal was on campus in January f campaign rhetoric, evasive answers and magine harnessing the vast Chinese ex- to participate in the Business School’s port market and making it user-friendly Ishifting policy statements on tax issues I 10th Asian Business Conference as a guest are making it difficult to distinguish the for Western consumers. That’s exactly speaker for the e-commerce panel what Thomas Rosenthal, MBA ’95, claims of one politician from another in the discussion. 2000 presidential campaign, the Office of and two partners are doing. They “People who are concerned with have forged a first-of-its-kind al- Tax Policy Research offers a helpful resource. quality of life, who don’t like to live Its Campaign 2000 Web site provides an liance with the Chinese government with uncertainty or don’t have a par- and global communications/trade easy-to-use guide to the tax positions of ticularly high tolerance for pain the presidential candidates and gives non- companies such as Motorola and shouldn’t do this kind of SGC to form MeetChina.com, partisan analysis of taxation issues fre- work,” Rosenthal says. quently in the news—the flat tax, tax an Internet portal site sell- He, clearly, thrives on the ing the goods—raw mate- reform, Social Security, the budget surplus challenge and was pleased and others. Full texts of the candidates’ re- rials, components and to find an audience of finished products—of marks on tax issues are available, making like-minded individuals it possible to compare the positions of 15,000 mainland compa- at the e-commerce dis- nies to buyers in the West. opposing nominees and identify discrepan- cussion. “There were a cies, or reversals of previous campaign “Currently between lot of folks who have ex- 50,000 and 75,000 Chi- positions, on controversial tax matters. perience in China. They Earlier this year, the Office of Tax Policy nese firms are on the Net have their degrees from but do not have their own Research, together with the Business Eco- Bill Wood Michigan and work expe- nomics and Public Policy Group and CIGNA page,” Rosenthal says. “It is like Thomas Rosenthal rience abroad. If they a telephone book with dated Corp., presented forums on three issues cen- have the determination tral to the presidential campaign: health numbers, they are very hard to find.” and are willing to make the sacrifice, they Rosenthal, who also has a master’s de- care, tax policy and the stock market. have a chance to do something really great.” To visit the Campaign 2000 Web site or gree in Chinese Studies and is a former To read an extended interview with business development manager of China learn more about the Office of Tax Policy Rosenthal, visit www.bus.umich.edu/ Research, visit www.taxpolicyresearch. Operations for Ford Motor Company, is e-business/. president of U.S. Business Network Inc., umich.edu. which has invested millions into MeetChina. This new Web firm is China’s first and only wholly owned foreign enterprise licensed to conduct business on the Internet. In actuality, MeetChina is a business-to- business database showcasing Chinese manufacturers and the products they have for sale. U.S. Business Networks operates the site, which involves investigating the business histories and credit worthiness of the mainland companies before allowing them to participate and, once qualified, providing translation and interpretation services, and arranging online meetings be- tween buyers and sellers. “Through our system, companies will have their own site and will be able to con- tact customers directly,” Rosenthal adds. Michael J. Schimpf “Buyers will be able to choose among a Live from the Mendelssohn Theater: The second segment of a new business series airing nationally on PBS television stations in early 2000 was taped before a University of Michigan Business suite of trade services such as guaranteed School audience in December. The series, CEO Exchange, is hosted by AT Kearney. William S. quality, easy pay and to-the-door shipment. Stavropoulos, CEO of Dow Chemical Company, and David Perry, CEO of Chemdex, took questions The Internet will erase the differences be- from B-School faculty. Jeff Greenfield, a CNN commentator, served as moderator. Check your local tween international and domestic trade.” listings for dates and times.
Dividend 5 SPRING 2000 Government ACROSS book, Stewardship, and Stan Davis and Jim THE Botkin’s book, The Monster under the Bed. Winograd has served in various leader- Winograd Leads BOARD ship capacities within the Democratic Party in Michigan and at the national level. In Charge for 1997, he got the call from the White House. Reinvention Customer Satisfaction t wasn’t until the results of the American Citizens Rank ICustomer Satisfaction Index, rating the quality of federal government services, were about to be released that Morley Winograd Uncle Sam made mention of his Michigan affiliation. ow satisfied are the American people The 1963 BBA graduate is a senior advi- Hwith the services and information sor to Vice President Al Gore and heads the provided by the federal government? Until National Performance Review, a Clinton- Morley Winograd recently, no one really knew. Gore initiative to reform the way the fed- All that changed in December 1999 eral government works. This initiative in- when the University of Michigan Business cludes the Partnership for Reinventing “REGO is an excellent way for people to School, in partnership with the American Government. It was at the request of the relate to some of the good things agencies Society for Quality and Arthur Andersen Partnership that the General Services Ad- do every day—from educating kids about Government Services Consulting, released ministration funded the first-ever study food poisoning to helping people protect its first-ever survey of consumer satisfac- done to measure citizens’ satisfaction with their homes during tornadoes,” he adds. tion with government agencies. the government. (See adjacent story.) Winograd joined Vice President Al Gore’s The widely publicized results of the “Large majorities of Americans say they staff in 1997 as a senior policy advisor and American Customer Satisfaction Index don’t feel close to or connected to govern- director of the National Performance Re- (ACSI) showed Uncle Sam’s performance ment. They think of it as ‘the’ government view. Years earlier, his innovative approach was rated slightly lower (with an overall not ‘their’ government,” Winograd says. To to sales and his creation of the AT&T Uni- score of 68.6 out of a possible 100) than combat that feeling, the National Perform- versity of Sales Excellence program, which that of the private business sector (which ance Review has, among other things, de- involves empowering sales teams to increase had an average score of 73). veloped REGO, an online magazine that the success of each customer’s business, “We found as much of a range in the sat- puts a human face on governmental change. won national recognition in Peter Block’s isfaction ratings among federal government agencies as among the 170 corporations we measure,” says Barbara Everitt Bryant, managing director of ACSI and former di- rector of the U.S. Census Bureau. “Not un- expectedly, agencies that give grants or offer free or low-cost services got higher satisfaction ratings than regulatory or tax- collection agencies.” Health and Human Services’ Administra- tion for Families and Children (which runs Head Start) posted a strong 87 score. The Internal Revenue Service, the annual neme- sis for most Americans, racked up mixed re- views. Traditional tax filers gave the agency a 51 and electronic filers gave it a 74. Since 1994, the ACSI has produced quarterly indexes that measure how con- sumers feel about the products and services they purchase from U.S. businesses. Last Female hockey players teamed up last November to form the first-ever University of year’s initiative to measure the govern- Michigan Business School women’s hockey team and placed second in a Michigan-sponsored tournament. Playing at Yost Ice Arena, the 12-member team defeated Cornell University and gave the ment’s performance was funded by federal University of Chicago a good run for its money. agencies through the General Services Ad- “There has been interest in women’s hockey for several years, but the obstacle has been funding,” explains ministration at the request of the National Kristen L. Bermudez, a second-year MBA student who spearheaded the team’s organizing efforts. Partnership for Reinventing Government. Bermudez approached Dean B. Joseph White and Senior Associate Dean Susan J. Ashford, who The funding provides for a repeat survey at agreed to help start an equipment pool. The rest is hockey history. the end of this year. The team has accepted tournament invitations from Harvard Business School and Tuck School of For more information, see www.umich. Business at Dartmouth, in hopes of snagging a trophy or two in 2000. Stay tuned. edu/research/nqrc/acsi.html.
Dividend 6 SPRING 2000 ACROSSTHE Kudos BOARD Smart Money Names Alger Fund Manager of the Decade avid Alger’s no-load Spectra fund has Ddelivered a total annualized return of nearly 26 percent during the 1990s, mak- ing it, according to Smart Money magazine,
Michael J. Schimpf the most successful domestic equity fund of MBA Class of 2001 meets challenges head-on: Bob Knowling, CEO of Covad the decade. In its first issue of the new mil- Communications, a West Coast telecommunications company, pledged $462,315 to Focus:HOPE, a Detroit nonprofit organization, on the condition all 440 class members participate in its 10th Annual Walk for Justice held last October. Knowling made his pledge during his Global Citizenship Day address, which concluded a day of student volunteerism at nonprofit organizations. Eighty MBAs had worked at Focus:HOPE, which provides educational opportunities for at-risk adults, operates a food bank and offers other support services for inner-city residents. On the appointed day, 550 Business School students, faculty, staff and family members joined in the walk that drew nearly 10,000 participants. Knowling immediately made good on his pledge and issued another: He would give another $500,000 to Focus:HOPE if Business School students donated 500 hours of volunteer time to the organization. They already have.
■ The Second Annual NYC En- Bullet Points tertainment and Sports Forum drew 60 students to Manhattan in Novem- ■ The quest for ever-more re- ber. NBC hosted a reception that included sponsible business brought people representatives from NBC, Entertainment from more than 30 business schools to Ann Weekly, ESPN, the NFL, the NBA, General Michael J. Schimpf Arbor to attend the 1999 Net Impact Con- Electric, Good Times Entertainment, J.P. David Alger ference. Michigan hosted the week-long Morgan, McGraw-Hill Companies, Mira- conference, which drew speakers from the max Film, Mitchell Madison, Qwest, Show- lennium, Smart Money called David Alger, University and business communities, in- time Networks and Viacom. Graduates MBA ’68, the president, CEO and chief cluding Linda Chavez-Thompson, executive Larry Rutkowski, MBA ’81, NBC’s sen- investment officer of Fred Alger Manage- VP, AFL-CIO; Gary Hirshberg, CEO of ior vice president for business development; ment, “the decade’s top-performing diver- Stonyfield Farm; Eleanor Josaitis, executive Marlo Scott, MBA ’99, NBC’s manager of sified fund manager.” director of Focus:HOPE; and Michigan’s business development; Howard Handler, Spectra’s success isn’t an isolated Business School Dean B. Joseph White. BBA ’83/MBA ’84, the NFL’s senior vice achievement. Alger funds frequently beat the Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index and ■ We know the way to San Jose. president for marketing and fan promotion; are rated top in their class. Planeloads of students jetted to the high- and Ken Todd, MBA ’96, Showtime’s di- In 1971, Alger joined the firm founded tech center to participate in the annual West rector of program information and analysis, by his brother. Since then he has served as Coast Forum last November that featured a were particularly helpful to the students. an analyst, director of research and portfo- networking reception and panel discussion ■ Successful Partnerships for lio manager. The firm, which has consis- by alumni at start-up companies. Andersen Strong Communities were the focus tently stressed thorough research and rig- Consulting sponsored the event; 30 compa- of the Nonprofit and Public Management orous analysis as part of the investment nies participated, including Alta Vista, HP, Center’s November conference. Eli Segal, process, employs 18 full-time researchers Excite@Home and Peoplesoft. Panel speak- president and CEO of The Welfare to Work to follow 1,400 companies. ers were Renee Esquivel, MBA ’96, VP of Partnership, gave the keynote address. The Not a keeper of secrets, Alger is a fre- business development for ThePerk.com center, established in 1997, is a resource quent guest financial analyst for CNN, Gourmet Inc.; Greg Maletic, MBA ’95, center and clearinghouse for students, fac- FNN and CNBC. And, nearly a decade executive VP and co-founder of Zero G ulty and researchers interested in nonprofit ago, he shared his investment strategy with Software; Joel Martin, MBA ’93, presi- and public management. Janet Weiss, the readers in his 1991 book, Raging Bull: dent, CEO and co-founder of Quantum Mary C. Bromage Collegiate Professor of How to Invest in the Growth Stocks of the Dot Corp.; and Joe Sipher, MBA ’96, Organizational Behavior and Public Policy, ’90s published by Business One Irwin. Palm Fellow and entrepreneur. directs the center.
Dividend 7 SPRING 2000 Partnership ACROSS Corporate Growth BOARDTHE Executive Top Faculty Education Forges Hold Summer Relationship with Conference for Aspire Academy Executives n a move to strengthen the business en- Ivironment and assist Taiwan’s globaliza- s part of the Business School’s tion efforts, Stan Shih, chairman and CEO Aongoing “Pressing Problems” initia- of the Acer Group and member of the Uni- tive, the Executive Education Center will versity of Michigan Business School’s Visit- host a major, five-day conference address- ing Committee, has launched an executive ing the full range of issues associated with training center in Taipei and invited the creating and sustaining growth within Business School’s Executive Education fac- organizations. ulty to provide some of the courses. “Growing the Organization: A Confer- Called Aspire Academy, the new educa- ence on Innovative Solutions to the Press- tional center offers training to senior and C.K. Prahalad ing Problems of Business” is scheduled for mid-level executives at Asia-based firms July 24–28 in Ann Arbor. The conference and multinational corporations located in ization,” was delivered to a sold-out audi- will offer a series of agenda-setting presen- the region. Aspire Academy is a facet of ence of more than 400 CEOs, senior execu- tations followed by action-oriented work- Acer Foundation, the philanthropic arm of tives and academics. The second day, Pra- shops, each examining a different facet of the Acer Group—the world’s third-largest halad delivered “Competing for the Future: organizational development. producer of personal computers, with Winning Strategies in the New Economic Dean B. Joseph White describes this ap- headquarters in Taipei and locations in Era.” Both speeches were covered by every proach as “blending intellectual rigor with nearly 40 countries. Shih is a co-founder major television and print news organiza- significant practical payoff.” Each day a of the $6 billion company, which special- tion in the region. prominent Business School scholar will set izes in the development and production of “The press coverage was tremendous, the day’s agenda issue. Faculty include microprocessors. unlike anything I have seen in the U.S.,” C.K. Prahalad, the strategy guru who Through the partnership, Aspire Acad- says Brian Talbot, associate dean for Exec- coined the concept of “core competence,” emy gains on-site access to the programs of utive Education. “C.K.’s comments on the Robert Quinn, an expert on organizational Michigan’s Executive Education Center, new economy and Taiwan’s role in it change, Noel Tichy, author of The Lead- long considered a world leader in executive shaped a nationwide discussion. Acer ex- ership Engine, Dave Ulrich, a human re- training. At the same time, Executive Edu- pects Aspire Academy to become a regional sources management strategist, and Karl cation faculty gain greater entry into Asian learning and research center that supports Weick, author of The Social Psychology of business operations, an opportunity that the country’s economic agenda.” Organizing. promises to increase Michigan’s knowledge Acer Chairman Stan Shih determined Conference participants will have an op- of the region. Aspire’s reach: “Business has changed,” he portunity to choose which workshops they “Taiwan is considered a manufacturing says. “One thing that has changed most is wish to attend, thereby tailoring the pro- center and soon will be considered a the concept of competition. Companies are gram content to their personal and profes- knowledge center,” says C. K. Prahalad, a lot more independent than before. It’s no sional needs the Harvey Fruehauf Professor of Business longer a zero-sum game where if your The conference is the first of several Administration. “In so many ways, it is a competitor wins, you lose. We’re free to see “Pressing Problems” events that are being microcosm of the region. Our association competition as just the element that stimu- planned by the Business School in conjunc- with Aspire enriches our ability to learn, re- lates companies to keep improving them- tion with its new book series, “Michigan search and train students to be new age selves.” (See related story on page 4.) Management Series: Innovative Solutions managers.” Arthur Yeung, PhD ’90, is president of to the Pressing Problems of Business.” The The academy officially opened last Aspire Academy. A recognized thought series grew out of surveying executives who October. P. K. Jiang, Taiwan’s minister of leader on human resource practices, he was identified more than 40 business issues economic development, inaugurated the the founding director of the Business paramount to their personal and organiza- two-day event which served as the catalyst School’s Asia-Pacific Human Resource tional success. One book will be devoted to for a national debate on the future of Tai- Partnership and its Asia-Pacific Regional each issue. For more information or to reg- wan’s economy. C. K. Prahalad, the desig- Office located in Hong Kong. Executive ister for the conference, contact Heather nated thought leader, gave two major ad- Education faculty will deliver courses in fi- Martinson by phone at 734-764-8430, by dresses. The first, “The Changing Face of nance, strategy, human resource manage- fax at 734-763-9467 or by e-mail at Strategy: The Changing Role of the Organ- ment/leadership and globalization. [email protected].
Dividend 8 SPRING 2000 QUOTE UNQUOTE
“Don’t take entrepreneurship for granted. It can sound really glamorous, but this is tough stuff. If you enjoy consistency, if you enjoy something that says this is my path, this is how I get feedback, this is how I know where I am, this is where I know my next step is, this is where I know my progression is and where I know I’ll end up in the next few years, then don’t think about entrepreneurship. You should go to a large organization that can provide you with a supportive environment.” Rick Snyder, MBA ’79, former president and COO of Gateway Inc., and founder and president of Avalon Investments Inc., an Ann Arbor-based venture capital firm, at the Entrepreneurial Evening sponsored by the Alumni Club of Detroit. Michael J. Schimpf
“The market is betting somewhere out there there’s a business “Continuous experimentation—and the development of new model that will provide a wildly successful way to sell goods and and innovative features—play an important role in shaping services. I call it uncertainty rather than risk.” consumer perceptions of quality in software. As software
Will Mitchell, the Jack D. Sparks Whirlpool Corporate Research permeates into products ranging from automobiles to hand-held Professor of Business Administration and professor of corporate strategy devices, the new meaning of quality will be based on how and international business, in The Wall Street Journal article, products and vendors learn from customer interaction and “Are Other Industries Fair Game for Deals?” Jan. 11, 2000. adapt to the changing needs of individual consumers.” “Look outward, not inward, Professor C. K. Prahalad urges. See M. S. Krishnan, assistant professor of computer and information systems and winner of the 1997 Best Dissertation Award from the International yourself as others see you. A vital source of strength, maybe the Conference on Information Systems, in the Quality Progress magazine article, most vital, lies in the untapped power of your customers to exploit “21 Voices for the 21st Century,” January 2000. the Internet. The flood of product information to them, the ease with which they can sort through it and the potential they have “Claes Fornell believes the quality of economic output is as for uniting with other Internet users all combine to shift the important as the productivity of economic resources, and balance of the market power decisively toward the consumer. attempting to improve one without improving the other could Prahalad maintains: ‘We are saying that consumers are going to eventually harm economic growth because consumers could drive the firm.’” become disenchanted and curb their spending.” Melanie Trottman, in The Wall Street Journal article, Fred Andrews in The New York Times Ideas into Action column, “Satisfaction with Retail, Financial Companies Slips,” Feb. 22, 2000. “Regarding Customers As Business Collaborators,” Feb. 9, 2000. “A merger’s initial management structure never lasts. “We have seen a cost-cutting push in the private sector. As you Whether it gets changed in 90 days or six months, there’s a do that, certainly in the labor-intensive parts of the service sorting out of who the key players are and what positions sector, it is very difficult to keep up the quality.” they’re going to play.” Claes Fornell, director of the National Quality Research Center Noel Tichy, director of Global Leadership and professor of and the Donald C. Cook Professor of Business Administration, in organizational behavior and human resource development, The Wall Street Journal article, “Survey Measures Satisfaction in The Wall Street Journal article, “What’s Up, Dot? Can Time Warner with Federal Services,” Dec. 13, 1999. Click with AOL? Here Are Eight Things to Watch,” Jan. 14, 2000.
“Meanwhile, government agencies appear to be doing a little “A decade ago many Central Europeans thought they would better than expected. ‘Expectations were often lower than the catch up with the EU by the end of the century. But they perceived quality of the service. It’s almost as if people were underestimated the difficulty of changing from one system pleasantly surprised by what they got from the government.’” to another.”
Barbara Everitt Bryant, managing director of the National Quality Jan Svejnar, director of the William Davidson Institute and the Research Center in The Wall Street Journal article, “Survey Measures Everett E. Berg Professor of Business Administration at the University of Michigan Satisfaction with Federal Services,” Dec. 13, 1999. Business School, in the Business Week magazine article, “How Far, How Fast? Is Central Europe Ready to Join the EU?” Nov. 8, 1999.
Dividend 9 SPRING 2000 Outstanding Alumni Awards
Call for Nominations
Each year the UMBS Alumni Society Board of Governors recognizes the accomplish- ments of outstanding alumni with a series of awards. The Awards Committee of the Alumni Board invites the Business School Community to participate by submitting nominations for the following awards.
Bert F.Wertman Alumni Service Award Established in 1989, this award recognizes an alumnus or alumna of the Business School for outstanding service to the School or to the University. The award was established in honor of Bert F.Wertman, who served for more than sixty years as President of the Class of 1928. Through his leadership and caring, the class remained a cohesive and vital group and held a record number of continuous reunions.
Alumni Achievement Award Established in 1989, this award recognizes an alumnus or alumna of the Business School whose attainments in their professional field have brought distinction to themselves, credit to the School and benefit to their fellow citizens.
Entrepreneur Award Established in 1991, this award recognizes the accomplishments of an alumnus or alumna of the University of Michigan who has started and built a successful enterprise.
Congratulations to our 2000 Alumni Award Recipients: Richard H.Rogel,BBA ’70,Bert F. Wertman Alumni Service Award;Stanley D.Frankel, AB ’63, MBA ’64, Alumni Achievement Award;David Bohnett,MBA ’80,Entrepreneur Award.
Nominations for 2001 Awards must be submitted by June 1,2000.
To nominate an individual, you may use the nomination form on the Alumni Relations website (www.bus.umich.edu/alumni); send a letter to Alumni Relations, University of Michigan Business School, 701 Tappan,Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1234; fax a letter to (734) 763-9170; or send an email to [email protected] with the following information: ❏ Name of the nominated individual along with his or her degree(s), year(s) of graduation, company name, business address and telephone, and home address and telephone, if known. ❏ Your reasons for nominating the candidate for an Alumni Award, along with any supporting documentation. ❏ Your name, degree(s) and year(s) of graduation (if a UMBS alumnus), company name, business address and telephone, home address and telephone, and email address. Please indicate whether you are a student, an alumnus, or a member of the faculty or staff. INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL
tomers to configure their refrigerators from a menu of features. Seismic Shift: The goal, however, should be to offer a menu of experiences, not features. Vegetari- ans, who by definition don’t eat meat, may want to experience a different kind of Think of Customers freezer. If a refrigerator company opens its doors to customer experiences, it would ask the question: Why not a “lazy Susan” in- side the refrigerator? Then consumers can As Collaborators reach all the stuff at the back—and enjoy it before it spoils. Radical as it may sound, anyone who is selling anything in the new economy (and wants to be successful at it) needs to think of the consumer as a key collaborator in product development. By Venkatram Ramaswamy, associate professor of marketing, University of Michigan Business School
ot too long ago, we customers had for you. Customization is particularly pro- a clear role in the marketplace. It nounced over the Web, where consumers Nwas our job to passively consume can tailor a host of products and services, from the choices of products and services from business cards to computers, greeting made available to us. Sure, companies cards, mortgages and flowers, simply by sought our feedback and offered us a vari- choosing from a menu of features. Unfor- Michael J. Schimpf Venkatram Ramaswamy ety of products. But we often found our- tunately, in most cases the menu is still selves compromising our wants because the in the company’s language and requires products we had to choose from didn’t fit customers to think like the company, as The company that will be the most our needs. opposed to the other way around. successful will be the one that co-creates Since the industrial age, products tradi- engaging experiences for customers. For tionally have been designed from the com- From products to some, the exterior of refrigerators are pany’s point of view, not the customer’s “fashion appliances” to be coordinated experience. Not any more: Smart compa- customer experiences with the decor of kitchens. For others, they nies are quickly realizing their customers In a recent Harvard Business Review ar- are “information appliances” where infor- must become their collaborators if they are ticle, “Co-opting Customer Competence” mation is stored and shared. Companies to maintain long-term growth and finan- (January-February 2000), which I co- must learn how to innovate experiences, cial success. authored with C. K. Prahalad, the Harvey not products. C. Fruehauf Professor of Business Adminis- Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon.com, con- The customization option tration, we discuss how a key challenge for siders his company to be customer-centric. Anyone who has recently bought a com- managers is to come to grips with the fact He is obsessed with customers. Although this puter must contend with techno-babble that the product is no more than an artifact is a stretch for most organizations today, like RAM (no, it’s not a goat), Gig (no, it’s around which customers have experiences. Prahalad and I argue successful companies not a show) and MegaHertz (no, it’s not Companies must learn how to experience in the future will be those that are centered the big car-rental company). This is a per- their products as customers experience on personalized experiences. Progressive fect example of a product designed from them. Take, for instance, the ubiquitous re- companies, whether traditional or Internet, the company’s point of view. Should the frigerator. The choice is restricted to capac- are recognizing this fundamental fact. typical consumer really have to worry ity, dimensions, color, freezer placement about RAM or Gig or MegaHertz? This is and a few pre-determined options such as Customers as collaborators the language of the manufacturer, not the ice/water dispensers, filters and racks. For What will it take for a company to be language of the user. the most part, the language and features centered on customers’ experiences? For If you consider yourself techno-savvy, are that of the company, not the customers. starters, it should recognize customers as you can visit a Web site such as Dell and Some companies are now attempting to collaborators. Consider Scott Adams, of order a computer that will be “customized” move toward customization, allowing cus- Dilbert fame, who solicits and receives
Dividend 11 SPRING 2000 INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL e-mail from a multitude of individuals de- ing with customer diversity will prove chal- tailing ideas and “comic fodder” for his Smart companies are quickly lenging. The successful company will em- Dilbert cartoon strip. Tapping continuously realizing their customers must brace this challenge as the key to a winning into the daily experiences of individuals in and profitable collaboration. their jobs is critical to keeping the cartoon become their collaborators if they To order an electronic copy of strip current and fresh. Individuals—the are to maintain long-term growth “Co-opting Customer Competence” by very customers for this comic strip—are and financial success. C.K. Prahalad and Venkatram collaborators in creating its value. Ramaswamy, which appeared in Thanks to the Internet, customers have pany’s products as communicated and pre- the January-February 2000 issue of become the originators of dialogue with sented to them, but of how they want to Harvard Business Review, visit companies. The market is now a forum experience products. www.hbsp.harvard.edu/products/hbr/, where customers are co-creators of value Companies must encourage an active di- click on “Archives” and then click on and a source of competence. They possess alogue and mobilize customer communities the date of the issue. Ordering informa- knowledge and skills, not just of the com- to harness customer competence. Contend- tion appears at the bottom of the page.
The Evolution and Transformation of Customers Customers are stepping out of traditional roles to become co-creators as well as consumers of value. This table maps their evolution through three stages and several key dimensions.
Customers As Customers As Passive Audience Active Players
Persuading predeter- Transacting with Lifetime bonds with Customers as mined groups of buyers individual buyers individual customers creators of value
Time frame 1970s, early 1980s Late 1980s & early 1990s 1990s Beyond 2000
Nature of business Customers are seen as passive buyers with a predetermined role of consumption. Customers are part of the exchange and role of enhanced network; they customer co-create and extract business and value. They are collaborators, co- developers and competitors.
Managerial mind-set The customer is an The customer is an The customer is a The customer is not only average statistic; individual statistic in a person; cultivate trust an individual but also part groups of buyers are transaction. and relationships. of an emergent social and predetermined by the cultural fabric. company.
Company’s interaction Traditional market Shift from selling to Provide for customers Customers are co- with customers, and research and inquiries; helping customers via through observation of developers of personalized development of products and services help desks, call centers, users; identify experiences. Companies products and services are created without and customer service solutions from lead and lead customers have much feedback. programs; identify users, and reconfigure joint roles in education, problems from products and services shaping expectations and customers then redesign based on deep co-creating market products and services understanding of acceptance for products based on that feedback. customers. and services.
Purpose and flow of Gain access to and Database marketing; Relationship marketing; Active dialogue with communication target predetermined two-way communication. two-way customers to shape groups of buyers. communication and expectations and create One-way access. buzz. Multilevel access communication. and communication. Reprinted from Harvard Business Review, January-February 2000
Dividend 12 SPRING 2000 FACULTY RESEARCH
The following is a list of recent journal articles written by University of Michigan Business School faculty. To purchase a reprint of an article, contact MITS at the University of Michigan’s Hatcher Graduate Library: (fax) (877) 329-6487; (phone) (734) 763-5060; (e-mail) [email protected]. There is a $12 fee per article and, on occasion, an additional copyright royalty. Accounting Anderson, Shannon W., & Young, S. Mark (1999). The impact of contextual and process factors on the evaluation of activity- based costing systems. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 24(7), 525–559. Anderson, S. W., & Lanen, W. N. (1999). Economic transition, strategy and the evolution of management accounting practices: The case of India. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 24(5/6), 379–412. Frankel, Richard M., Johnson, Marilyn, & Skinner, Douglas (1999). An empirical examination of conference calls as a voluntary disclosure medium. Journal of Accounting Research, 37(1), 133–150. Indjejikian, Raffi J. (1999). Discussion of optimal contracting, accounting standards and market structures. Contemporary Accounting Research, 16(2). Johnson, Marilyn (1999). Business cycles and the relation between security returns and earnings. Review of Accounting Studies, 4(2), 93–118. Lundholm, Russell, Forsythe, Robert, & Reitz, Thomas (1999). Cheap talk, fraud and adverse selection in financial markets: Some experimental evidence. Review of Financial Studies, 12(3), 481–518. Skinner, Douglas J. (1999). How well does net income measure firm performance? A discussion of two studies. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 26(1–3), 105–112. Theresa Welbourne Business Administration Davis, Gerald F., & Mizruchi, Mark S. (1999). The money center cannot hold: Commercial banks in the U.S. system of corporate governance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 215–239. In the Know Mizruchi, Mark S., & Fein, Lisa C. (1999). The social construction of organizational knowledge: A study of the uses of coercive, mimetic and normative isomorphism. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 653–683. on IPOs Business Economics and Public Policy Butz, David Alan, et al. (1999). Trauma services: A profit center? Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 188, 349–354. Butz, David Alan, et al. (1999). Paying a premium: How patient complexity affects costs and profit margins. Annals of Surgery, Welbourne Finds HR 229, 807–814. Butz, David Alan. The disconnect between principal-agent theory and empirical work: A review of Bernard Salonie’s The Economics of Contracts. The International Journal of the Economics of Business, 6, 131–140. Strategies Predict Clyde, Paul (1999). Is it efficient to impose costs on small-volume equity traders? International Journal of the Economics of Business, 6, 81–92. Long-Term Survival Hines, James R. Jr., & Desai, Mihir A. (1999). Basket cases: Tax incentives and international joint venture participation by American multinational firms. Journal of Public Economics, 71(3), 379–402. Hines, James R. Jr. (1999). Three sides of Harberger triangles. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13(2), 167–188. of Start-ups Hines, James R. Jr. (1999). Lessons from behavioral responses to international taxation. National Tax Journal, 52(2), 305–322. Theresa Welbourne is an HR executive Hines, James R. Jr. (1999). The case against deferral: A deferential reconsideration. National Tax Journal, 52(3), 385–404. who knew, in order to prove her theories, she Lafontaine, Francine, & Shaw, Kathryn L. (1999). The dynamics of franchise contracting: Evidence from panel data. Journal of had to become an HR scholar. As an associ- Political Economy, 107(5), 1041–1081. Lafontaine, Francine (1999). Franchising or corporate ownership: The effect on price dispersion. The Journal of Business ate professor of organizational behavior and Venturing, 17–34. human resource management, she tracks the Blair, Roger, & Lafontaine, Francine (1999). Will Khan foster or hinder franchising? An economic analysis of maximum resale human resource practices of initial public price maintenance. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 18(1), 25–37. offering (IPO) firms and quantifies the effects Slemrod, Joel B., & Greimel, Timothy (1999). Did Steve Forbes scare the U.S. municipal bond market? Journal of Public Economics, 74(1), 81–97. of employee management strategies on firm survival (stock price growth) and financial Computer and Information Systems performance (earnings growth). Gordon, Michael D., & Moore, Scott A. (1999). Depicting the use and purpose of documents to improve information retrieval. “I believed I had the answer to start-up Information Systems Research, 10(1), 23–37. Lindsay, Robert K., & Gordon, Michael (1999). Literature-based discovery by lexical statistics. Journal of the American Society success,” Welbourne says. “My answer is for Information Science, 50(7), 574–588. people. But I did not have the details Krishnan, M. S., Ramaswamy, Venkatram, Meyer, Mary C., & Damien, Paul (1999). Customer satisfaction for financial services: I needed, so I decided to arm myself with The role of products, services and information technology. Management Science, 45(9), 1194–1210. research that would be compelling.” Krishnan, M. S., & Prahalad, C.K. (1999). The new meaning of quality in the information age. Harvard Business Review, September–October, 109–118. Welbourne, who earned her Ph.D. in 1992, is an expert on employee manage- Corporate Strategy and International Business ment strategies in entrepreneurial, high- Coval, Joshua, & Moskowitz, Tobias (1999). Home bias at home: Local equity preference in domestic portfolios. Journal of growth and high-change organizations. She Finance, 54(6). Dufey, Gunter (1999). Asian financial markets: A pedagogic note. Journal of Asian Business, 15(1). chose to focus her research on IPO firms Feenstra, Robert C., & Hanson, Gordon H. (1999). The impact of outsourcing and high-technology capital on wages: Estimates because they are inherently small, and for the United States, 1979–1990. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3), 907–940. their performance varies considerably. Hanson, Gordon, & Spilimbergo, Antonio (1999). Illegal immigration, border enforcement and relative wages: Evidence from Welbourne needed variance to study apprehensions at the U.S.–Mexico border. American Economic Review, 89, 1337–1357. Hanson, Gordon, & Harrison, Ann (1999). Trade, technology and wage inequality in Mexico. Industrial and Labor Relations cause and effect. “I also knew that when a Review, 52, 271–288. firm does an IPO it has to provide lots of in- Harrison, Ann & Hanson, Gordon (1999). Who gains from trade reform? Some remaining puzzles. Journal of Development formation in the form of a prospectus,” she Economics, 59(1), 125–154. adds. “That information is valuable to me.” Finance and Real Estate She conducted her first IPO study in Bacidore, Jeffrey M., Boquist, John A., Milbourn, Todd T., & Thakor, Anjan V. (1999). The search for the best financial 1992 by collecting data on all 130 firms performance measure. Financial Analysts Journal, 53(3), 11–20. that had gone public in 1988. She studied
Dividend 13 SPRING 2000 FACULTY RESEARCH
Bhattacharyya, Sugato, & Leach, J. Chris (1999). Risk spillovers and required returns in capital budgeting. Review of Financial firm survival in terms of the “human re- Studies, 12(3), 461–469. source value” or the degree to which indi- Bhattacharyya, Sugato, & Singh, Rajdeep (1999). The resolution of bankruptcy by auction: Allocating the residual right of design. Journal of Financial Economics, 54(3), 269–294. vidual firms valued people in relation to Capozza, Dennis R., & Seguin, P. (1999). Focus and REIT value. Real Estate Economics, 27(4), 587–619. other assets. “Survival is the ultimate per- Capozza, Dennis R., & Seguin, P. (2000). Debt, agency and management contracts in REITs: The external advisor puzzle. formance variable,” she says. With that first Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 20(2), 91–116. study, Welbourne launched what has be- Kim, E. Han, & Singal, Vijaya (2000). Stock market openings: Experience of emerging economies. Journal of Business, 73(1), come the largest database on IPO firms and 25–66. Kim, E. Han (1999). The Korean financial crisis and the future of its economy. Journal of Asian Business, 15(1), 72–78. their survival rates in the United States. Nanda, Vikram, & Narayanan, M. P. (1999). Disentangling Value: Financing needs, firm scope and divestitures. Journal of Of the companies that went public in Financial Intermediation, 8, 174–204. 1988, Welbourne found only 60 percent Shumway, Tyler, & Warther, Vincent (1999). The delisting bias in CRSP’s Nasdaq data and its implications for the size effect. were still in business in 1993. “We ran our Journal of Finance, 54(6). Thakor, Anjan V., & Boot, Arnoud (2000). Can relationship banking survive competition? Journal of Finance, 55(2). analysis to see what predicted survival five Wu, Guojun, and Bekaert, Geert (2000). Asymmetric volatility and risk in equity markets. Review of Financial Studies, 13, 1–42. years later and, to the surprise of many, the only thing that significantly predicted sur- Law, History and Communication vival was the HR value,” she says. “Firms Cameron, George D. (2000). Ethics and equity: Enforcing ethical standards in commercial relationships. Journal of Business Ethics, 23, 161–172. high on that variable had a 92 percent Fort, Timothy L. (1999). The first man and the company man: The common good, transcendence and mediating institutions. chance of survival; firms with a low HR American Business Law Journal, 36(3), 391–435. value had a 32 percent chance of survival.” Fort, Timothy L. (1999). Business and naturalism: A peek at transcendence? Business and Society, 38(2), 226–236. Paradoxically, the same factor that pre- Oswald, Lynda J. (1999). Insurance coverage for environmental liability: Is an administrative proceeding a suit? Real Estate Journal, 28, 252–258. dicted long-term survival—the HR value— Oswald, Lynda J. (1999). Tarnishment and blurring under the Federal Dilution Act of 1995. American Business Law Journal, had a negative effect on the firm’s initial 36(2), 255–300. stock price. Rogers, Priscilla S. (2000). CEO presentations in conjunction with earnings announcements: Extending the construct of Welbourne knew she needed more data. organizational genre through competing values profiling and user needs analysis. Management Communication Quarterly, She analyzed all the firms that went public 13(3), 484–542. Thomas, Jane (1998). Contexting Koreans: Does the high/low model work? Business Communication Quarterly, 61(4), 9–22. in 1993 (535) and in 1996 (approx. Thomas, Jane (1999). Business writing in history: What caused the dictamen’s demise? The Journal of Business 1,000). She and her team of researchers Communication, 36(1), 40–54. now are collecting data on 1999 IPO firms Marketing and plan to continue the research for firms Hart, Christopher W., & Johnson, Michael D. (1999). Growing the trust relationship. Marketing Management, 8, 9–22. going public in 2000 and beyond. Herrmann, Andreas, and Johnson, Michael D. (1999). Die knudenzufriedenheit als bestimmungsfaktor der kundenbindung (The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty). Zeitschrift fur betriebswirtchaftliche Forschung, 51, 579–598. Johnson, Michael D., Herrmann, Andreas, & Bauer, Hans H. (1999). The effects of price bundling on consumer evaluations. Paradoxically, the same factor International Journal of Research in Marketing, 16(2), 129–142. Dube, Laurette, Johnson, Michael D., & Renaghan, Leo Mark (1999). Adapting the QFD approach to extended services that predicted long-term transactions. Production and Operations Management, 8, 301–317. Herrmann, Andreas, Johnson, Michael D., Gustafsson, Anders, & Huber, Frank (1999). Transformation von survival—the HR value—had a kundenzufriedenheitsurteilen in produktqualitatsvorgaben (Bridging the quality-satisfaction gap: Implications for German firms). Marketing ZFP, 10(2), 117–131. negative effect on the firm’s Kinnear, Tom (1999). A perspective on how firms relate to their markets. Journal of Marketing, 63, 112–114. initial stock price. Martin, Claude R. (1999). Effects of plain packaging on the cigarette consumption process. In J. C. Luik (Ed.), Plain packaging and the marketing of cigarettes (Chapter 7). London: NTC Publications Ltd. Martin, Claude R., Horne, David A., & Schultz, Anne Marie (1999). The business to business customer in the service innovation process. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2(2), 55–63. “I would love a database that has Martin, Claude R. (2000). The effects of advertising on adolescent smoking behavior. In S. B. Dahiya (Ed.), The current state of prospectus data every year from 1988 to the business disciplines. Rohtak, India: Spellbound Publications. present and then continue. We could look at Sinha, Indrajit, & Batra, Rajeev (1999). Category price consciousness: Some antecedents and consequences. International how companies change over time,” she says. Journal of Research in Marketing, 16, 237–251. Terpstra, Vern (2000). The millennium and international marketing. International Marketing Review, 17(1). “For instance, we could find out how man- agement teams change over time, how risk Operations Management profiles have evolved, or when women show Anderson, S. W., Daly, J. D., & Johnson, M. F. (1999). Why firms seek ISO 9000 certification: Regulatory compliance or up on the executive teams (or as CEOs) and competitive advantage? Production and Operations Management, 8(1), 28–43. Lovejoy, W. S., & Tsay, A. A. (1999). Quantity flexibility contracts and supply chain performance. Manufacturing and Service the roles they play on the executive team.” Operations Management, 1(2), 89–111. Welbourne’s IPO database includes all Langevin, Andre, Riopel, Diane, & Stecke, Kathryn E. (1999). Transfer batch sizing in flexible manufacturing systems. Journal IPO firms that went public in 1988, 1993, of Manufacturing Systems, 18(2), 140–151. 1996 and 1999, making the sample repre- Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management sentative of all industries, all sizes and all Tichy, Noel M. (1999). The growth imperative. Leader to Leader, 24–29. ages of firms. “These are not all dot com Weiss, Janet A., & Piderit, Sandy (1999). The value of mission statements in public agencies. Journal of Public Administration start-ups,” she says. “My work is really Research and Theory, 9(2), 193–223. about high-growth organizations. The Statistics and Management Science lessons learned are applicable to larger Lenk, Peter J. (1999). Bayesian inference of semiparametric regression using a Fourier representation. Journal of the Royal firms that are experiencing change.” Statistical Society, 61, 863–879. Welbourne’s research proves a direct cor- Lenk, Peter J., Wedel, Michel, Kamakura, Wagner, Arora, Neeraj, Bemmaor, Albert, Chiang, Jeongwen, Elrod, Terry, Johnson, Rich, Neslin, Scott, & Poulsen, Carsten Stig (1999). Discrete and continuous representations of unobserved heterogeneity relation between employee satisfaction and in choice modeling. Marketing Letters, 10(3), 219–232. overall organizational performance. To continued on page 46
Dividend 14 SPRING 2000 OVATION
an obligation to help the next guy in line. Some people can do it by giving their time, Everything’s others with financial means.” Since those early years, Keith Alessi has given his time as a member of the Alumni Board of Governors and as Master of Cere- monies at the annual Scholarship Dinner. Coming Up Roses He and Valerie also are generous donors. In 1998, they endowed a professorship bear- ing their name that is currently held by Alessis Renovate the Courtyard Brian Talbot, professor of operations man- agement and associate dean for Executive he University of Michigan Business Alessi came to Michigan as a scholarship Education. School Courtyard has been trans- student after completing his undergraduate Keith Alessi is known as a “turnaround Tformed. Literally. And the inviting, degree at Wayne State University. The cou- specialist.” In 1997, he was named president new setting bears the name of the couple ple married the summer between the first and CEO of Jackson Hewitt, a company who made this transformation possible: and second year of the MBA program. now owned by HFS Corp. that offers tax Keith E. and Valerie J. Alessi. They lived in married student housing preparation services to low-income Ameri- In part to mark his MBA Class of 1979’s while Keith finished his MBA and Valerie cans through a nationwide franchise net- twentieth anniversary, in part to support her studies in art. “Val and I support causes work. With Alessi at the helm, the company’s the Business School’s 75th Anniversary that are meaningful to us, and education is stock climbed from $4.75 per share to $68 in Challenge to improve the institution for fu- a big one,” he continues. “Others helped us a matter of months. The 13-fold increase ture generations and in part to continue when we needed it and we believe there’s made it the nation’s best-performing stock their personal commitment of giving to his alma mater, the Alessis donated $500,000 to completely renovate the courtyard. “The creation of beautiful space is truly a wonderful thing,” Dean B. Joseph White told those assembled at the dedication of the Keith E. and Valerie J. Alessi Courtyard last October. “We just couldn’t be more grateful.” The courtyard, which unites the exteri- ors of Davidson Hall with Kresge Library, Wyly Hall and the Paton Center, is bricked in red and gray with granite benches, new landscaping and lighting. The architectural firm Johnson, Johnson and Roy designed the area. “When I was a student, I met all my friends in the courtyard,” Keith Alessi says. “All my best friends had last names that began with A through CRI. That’s how we were sectioned in those days.” The Alessis live in Lexington, Virginia, and commute frequently to Ann Arbor for football games and other special events. Keith is chairman and CEO of TeleSpec- trum Worldwide Inc., a “traditional call center business,” as Alessi describes it, for a wide range of Fortune 1000 companies. Valerie is a commercial artist and watercol- orist. She runs a local art center and also is involved in several charities. The couple has two children. “I’ve always pointed to my experience at the University of Michigan Business School as being the most important event in my life—it set me on course for life,” he says. “Doors were opened by virtue of
the degree.” Michael J. Schimpf
Dividend 15 SPRING 2000 OVATION for a company with a market capitalization of $100 million. When Alessi joined TeleSpectrum in 1998, the stock value jumped 40 percent. The company provides multi-channel cus- tomer relationship management solutions; customer acquisition, retention and care programs; interactive voice response pro- motions; customer satisfaction measure- ment; and call center management for a variety of industries, including financial services, telecommunications, technology, insurance, utilities, health care and phar- maceuticals, and government entities. “Our business hasn’t been considered glamorous in the past, but with the Web, big companies are recognizing they must provide service to those customers,” he says. “We put technology together with people.” With the courtyard renovation, the Alessis are bringing people together on a daily basis at the University of Michigan Busi- ness School. “This is the first gift we received for the 75th Anniversary Chal- Michael J. Schimpf lenge,” says Gautam Kaul, associate dean Once completed, the Alessi Courtyard became an instant hit among and head of the challenge project, “and it students, faculty and staff. It is the new meeting ground of choice for the probably will be the most everlasting.” Business School—just as it was in Keith and Valerie’s day.
s a result of the generosity of many friends and admirers, the University of Alumni and Michigan Business School is pleased to announce the establishment of the AGilbert and Ruth Whitaker Professorship. The professorship honors the couple Friends Honor for their pivotal and long-lasting contributions to both the Business School and the University. Gilbert and As dean of the Business School for nearly 12 years, Gil Whitaker is credited with transforming the institution, both intellectually and physically. Under his leadership, the breadth and quality of the faculty was expanded. As provost of the University of Michi- Ruth Whitaker gan, he spearheaded the rebuilding of central campus and instituted a new financial management system that modernized and streamlined the University’s infrastructure. Through these challenges and achievements, Ruth Whitaker served as a hands-on silent partner, investing considerable time and talent in the realization of Business School and University goals. Within the Ann Arbor community, she made things happen too, holding leadership roles at the Genealogical Society of Washtenaw County, the Ann Arbor Women’s City Club, the Thrift Shop Association of Ann Arbor, the Ann Arbor Sum- mer Festival, the Ann Arbor Area Community Foundation, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum. “As dean and provost, Gil made many truly outstanding contributions to our commu- nity,” says Dean B. Joseph White. “Ruth was an incredibly active and supportive part- ner in all that Gil achieved. Without question, the University of Michigan and its Busi- ness School is a much better institution as a result of the Whitakers’ accomplishments.” A lasting way to pay tribute to outstanding individuals is to name a professorship in their honor. The Gilbert and Ruth Whitaker Professorship honors its namesakes in per- petuity, will reward a faculty member for excellence in his or her field and furthers Gil Whitaker’s greatest wish and constant priority—to continually build a better faculty. Those interested in contributing to the endowment for the Gilbert and Ruth Whitaker Professorship should contact Frank Wilhelme, assistant dean for development, at 734- 763-5775 or [email protected].
Dividend 16 SPRING 2000 The Mark of a Leader Introducing UMBS Marketplace, a new place to shop for distinctive gifts, clothing and business items from the University of Michigan Business School
POLO SHIRT Herringbone polo in 90% cotton,10% polyester, 7-oz weight. Gray heather with royal trim and color logo. UMBRELLA PH100A Adult sizes M, L, XL $39.99 With 48" arc, wood handle and XXL $42.99 metal shaft. White and royal with color logo. UB100A $29.99
TRAVEL MUG 14 oz. Aladdin unbreakable mug with double wall vacuum insulation. Closure lid to resist WIND SHIRT spills. Contemporary 100% microfiber. Water-resistant, nylon-lined. brushed stainless Overlap v-neck striped collar. Rib knit trim. SPORTS HAT steel exterior with Navy with sand trim, color logo. Brushed twill with an black logo. WS100A Adult sizes M, L, XL $59.00 adjustable brass-back MG100A $19.99 XXL $64.00 closure. Natural with royal bill and color logo. SH100A $14.99
LEATHER PORTFOLIO Top grain leather portfolio with padded cover. Inside pocket for documents and business cards, pen loop and paper pad. Black leather with embossed logo. LP100A $49.99 SWEATSHIRT 80/20, 9 oz. tipped crewneck. Striped jacquard neck, cuffs and waistband. Oversized fit. Gray heather with black trim and color logo. SWS100A Adult sizes M, L, XL $45.00 XXL $47.00
PEN “Cap-off” rollerball style. Solid brass cap and barrel, silver finish with goldtone accents. T-SHIRTS Laser engraved. Black ink. Fruit of the Loom, 100% pre-shrunk cotton. White with PN100A $19.99 color logo. TSA100A Adult sizes M, L, XL $9.99 XXL $12.49 TSY200A Youth sizes 2-4, 6-8, 10-12, 14-16 $6.99
It’s easy to order. Just call toll free 1-877-976-9504 or visit our web site at www.bus.umich.edu/alumni/UMBSmarket The UMBS Marketplace program is proudly sponsored by Alumni Relations. All proceeds go directly to support alumni and student programs at the School. Currently, ACS is one of the largest system integration firms “Give Me in the country and the second- largest operator of automated Equity Or teller machines outside the Give Me banking industry. Whenever you have Death!” a new opportunity, walk through the door Jeff Rich, BBA’82 because you can Jeff Rich epitomizes the en- always go back and trepreneurial spirit. At age 29, while at Citibank do what you know in 1989, he raised $8 billion in how to do. five days to finance one of the largest attempted takeover bids in Wall Street history—Para- ACS went public in 1994 mount Communications’ hos- and its stock has outperformed tile raid of Time/Warner. But that of archrival EDS. Its port- Rich wasn’t satisfied. “Being a folio has expanded, acquiring Midwesterner, I knew I didn’t more than 40 companies and want to raise a child in Man- extending its reach into every- hattan,” Rich says. He also thing from healthcare to tele- knew the opportunity he communications to govern- wanted most—to build a com- ment. ACS now employs more pany from the ground up— than 17,000 workers. Jeff is would elude him as long as he Michael J. Schimpf convinced that ACS can take remained at Citibank. The Texas lost more than 400 When asked why he chose to on some of the glamour of its other challenge for Rich was to banks and 130 thrifts to fail- go with ACS, Rich credits a dot.com rivals. “Our goal is to create equity for himself and ures. “I was going to join this Citibank colleague’s advice: be perfect in quality and to his family. great computer services man- “Whenever you have a new op- drive more and more quantity. So he left a skyrocketing ca- agement team that had just portunity, walk through the That’s what our business is all reer at Citibank to become started a new company to door because you can always about—how to perform serv- senior VP and CFO of Affili- build a big bank data-process- go back and do what you know ices cheaper and better. To ated Computer Services Inc. ing company. Little did I know how to do.” When asked why keep the entrepreneurial spirit (ACS), a fledgling data proc- that the Texas banking market he stuck with ACS through alive, we always remind our- essing firm catering to the was going to just die…fast! It tough times: “One of my Busi- selves that we are a service banking industry in Dallas. was a death watch. At that ness School professors also said firm and clients are the reason “I’ve never known anyone to point, I was too naïve, too stu- the best time to grab market we are in business…they pay get rich on a salary and a pid, to be scared.” Yet, Rich share is in a down economy. our wages, they give us money bonus. If you want to get truly stayed with ACS, and through We are all loyal creatures and to do things, and what we do wealthy, you have to have diversification and entrepre- we remember those who help for them is whatever it is they equity and that’s why I went neurial spirit, ACS thrived. In us when we are down. That want us to do for them. That’s to ACS. I looked around and 1995, he was named president same philosophy works very the way you build long-term decided I would rather be a and CEO. well in business relationships.” successful client relationships.” customer of the bank than be Looking back, Rich doesn’t the bank, because the custom- view leaving Citibank as a big ers have more money. I also risk. “I never really thought wanted to get some operating about what fostered or en- experience; to see what life dangered my entrepreneurship. was like on the other side and One of the nice things about really try to build something Citibank was that I got to meet and make a difference.” ALUMNI a lot of great CEOs. They all In 1989 ACS derived more are independent thinkers, than 80 percent of its annual strong decision-makers and revenue from banks or thrifts— good consensus builders. They frightening in light of the fact AT LARGE do a million things pretty well, that between 1988 and 1995 but the main thing they do is
Dividend 18 SPRING 2000 ALUMNI trust their instincts, and they everyone is different when they don’t necessarily worry too AT LARGE reach this point. If I’m making much about following the lots of money, maybe I won’t crowd. Usually, when you fol- retire, but that takes a lot of low the crowd, you get what work. The top players are the rest of the crowd gets— playing the same as they did and that’s average.” five or 10 years ago, but the To Rich, “The far bigger risk 50th player is just so much in life is not to chase your better than five years ago, and dreams. Life is short. You have that makes it difficult. With to love what you do and you Title IX, it took this long to re- must have passion for it. And if ally kick in,” she explains. it’s not there, you have to find it because life is way too short , and it’s never too late. You can My degree helped me be 55 and become an entre- preneur. Is it possible to be an get on the LPGA entrepreneur at age 60 today? executive committee, You bet! I have a great life. Are you kidding me? I’m the lucki- where I was involved in est guy on the planet!” business, budget and pension affairs.
In the Crosby is looking at other opportunities. “I want my own company, and might aim to- Swing of ward the Internet. It may or may not be golf related. An- other possibility is a senior tour. Things There is none in the LPGA, but there is some activity by play- Elaine P. Crosby, Jack Stohlman © LPGA ers to create one. I’ve also kept BBA ’80 in close contact with people joined the LPGA in 1985,” says I’ve played with, have many When Elaine Crosby was Crosby. corporate contacts, am a part-
growing up in nearby Jackson, Anton © LPGA Alex Crosby ranks 42nd on the ner in a marketing company her brother attended the Uni- career list in earnings with two owned by my brother and versity of Michigan and her internships and such because tournament wins—in 1989 might even start broadcasting. parents had tickets for all the my sports activities precluded and in 1994. Her best year was I have the enormous luxury of games. “Michigan was the only those opportunities. In 1980, 1994 when she finished 11th in not having to rush to look for school I applied to,” says times were tough in Michigan the standings with a 71.93 something,” she says. “I take Crosby. “My dad was in sales, so I moved to Arizona.” scoring average and earnings the opportunities that come my and I was always interested in Crosby stayed in Arizona for of $344,735. “My athletic en- way and try to make the best business but didn’t know what only four months. Golf had be- deavors have given me the self- of them.” actually would happen.” come her passion and she de- discipline to manage my fi- Crosby explains champions Crosby played on the tennis cided to return to Jackson. “I nances,” says Crosby. “My put a lot of pressure on them- team for two years and then played in many amateur tour- degree helped me get on the selves, and the ability to handle joined the golf team, not realiz- naments then went to Florida LPGA executive committee, that pressure sets them apart. ing at the time that this deci- and played some mini-tour where I was involved in busi- “That’s just an inherent trait. sion would eventually lead to a events as an amateur,” explains ness, budget and pension af- It’s not necessarily that the rewarding career in the Ladies Crosby. “The pro from Jackson fairs.” Crosby served as vice physical abilities are different, Professional Golf Association. was in Florida, and I worked president in 1993, president in there is just so much more of a “I’d been around golf a lot as with him. Another friend was a 1994 and remained on the mental challenge compared to a child but hadn’t really played pro in Saginaw, so I went there committee through 1998. the physical challenges at the much when I decided to join in the summers of 1982 and Since then Crosby has been top level of sports.” the Michigan team,” says the 1983.” In between, she again playing 26 to 32 tournaments In typical Michigan style, all-around athlete. “As gradua- played the mini-tour in per year, but is backing off and Crosby is, indeed, a champion. tion approached, I went Florida. “I played the full year will play maybe 15 tourna- through the interview process on the mini-tour in 1984, got ments this year. “At 41, I’m but didn’t have experience with my tour card in fall 1984 and semi-retiring from the tour, but By Fred P. Wessells
Dividend 19 SPRING 2000 LearningLearning andand Laughing,Laughing, Michigan-Style Michigan-StyleSome came for the professional development seminars. Others came to socialize. Most graduates of the University of Michigan Business School came back for both. Reunion ’99, October 21–24, proved to be the biggest, most-well-attended re- union in the school’s 75-year history. A star-studded line-up of Michigan faculty led professional development classes that were filled to capacity months in advance and required more sections to be added. In total, 10 professional development seminars and two panel discussions were offered. C.K. Prahalad, the Harvey C. Fruehauf Professor of Business Administration and a favorite among students past and present, kicked off the weekend with his keynote lecture, “Competing in the New Economy.”
Dividend 20 SPRING 2000 his event drew far more than the 800-seat Hale Auditorium could accom- modate. Alumni, current students and staff overflowed onto the stairs and Tclustered at the doorways to hear his thoughts on this topic. “Given that half the world’s population is in emerging markets of China, India and Brazil,” he said, “the question so many managers need to ask is: How can you convert poverty into consumerism?” In answering that question, Prahalad suggested managers take into considera- tion what he calls the six major issues of the new millennium: Deregulation, global- ization, emerging markets, convergence of technologies (such as fashion and phar- maceuticals), the Internet and digitalization. “We must visualize an active market when all that currently exists is abject poverty,” he said. Three faculty members who are writing books for The University of Michigan Business School Management Series: Innovative Solutions to the Pressing Problems of Business, gave seminars on their topics. Anjan Thakor, the Edward J. Frey Pro- fessor of Banking and Finance, discussed Unlimited Value Creation: Lifting the Reunion Bottom Line to the Top. Michael D. Johnson, the D. Maynard Phelps Professor of Business Administra- tion, led the seminar, Creating a Customer Measurement and Management System: Using Customer Data to Improve Financial Performance. And Wayne E. Baker, pro- fessor of organizational behavior and human resource management, shared his findings and techniques for Achieving Success through Social Capital: How to Tap the Hidden Resources in Your Personal and Business Network. The publication date for the three books that expand upon each of these topics is July 2000. 99 Both the Entrepreneurship Panel, moderated by Thomas Kinnear, the Eugene Applebaum Professor of Entrepreneurial Studies and executive director of the Samuel Zell and Robert H. Lurie Institute for Entrepreneurial Studies, and Future Directions of the University of Michigan Business School: Dean’s Dialogue with Alumni were of high interest. Finding old friends and networking with new ones filled the session breaks. The anniversary classes of 1959, 1974, 1979, 1989, 1994 and 1998 gathered by class for special dinners at the Michigan League. One treat of the evening was Scott Wyler, MBA ’89 and a professional stand-up comedian, who delighted fel- low graduates with his humor.
Dividend 21 SPRING 2000 Members of the class of 1959
continued on page 24 Dividend 22 SPRING 2000 University of Michigan ReunionBusiness School 2ooo
Celebrating all alumni and especially the classes of ’60, ’75, ’80, ’90, ’95, and ’99.