DOCSLIB.ORG

Positive XL Female

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Positive XL Female 4978 Santa Anita Ave Temple City, CA 91780 (p) 626-350-0537 (f) 626-454-1667 [email protected] www.fulgentgenetics.com Patient Information Partner Information Physician: Laboratory: Patient Last, Patient First Not Tested Physician Last, Physician First Fulgent Genetics DOB: Jan 01, 1900 ATTN: Physician Last, Physician First CAP#: 8042697 Sex: ? Portal Example Lab CLIA#: 05D2043189 MR#: 000-000-000 4978 Santa Anita Ave Laboratory Director: FD Patient#: FT-PT21496 Temple City, CA 91780 US Dr. Hanlin (Harry) Gao Phone: 626-350-0537 Report Date: Important Date Fax: 626-574-9669 Accession: Accession: FT-1612508 N/A Test#: FT-TS103644 Specimen Type: TBD Collection Date: DRAFT RESULTS TEST PERFORMED Sonic Beacon Female Carrier Carrier for ONE genetic condition. Screening Genetic counseling is recommended. (402 Gene Panel; gene sequencing with deletion and duplication analysis) Condition and Gene Inheritance Patient Last, Patient First Partner Fragile X syndrome X-linked Premutation carrier N/A FMR1 (29 repeats and 75 repeats; 2 AGG interruption detected) INTERPRETATION: Notes and Recommendations: Based on these results, there is increased risk to have a child with an FMR1-related condition. See below for details. Testing for copy number changes in the SMN1 gene was performed to screen for your carrier status for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Two copies of the SMN1 gene were detected. These results are within the normal range for non-carriers. See Limitations section for more information. This carrier screening test does not screen for all possible genetic conditions, nor for all possible mutations in every gene tested. Individuals with negative test results may still have up to a 3-4% risk to have a child with a birth defect due to genetic and/or environmental factors. Patients may wish to discuss any carrier results with blood relatives, as there is an increased chance that they are also carriers. Patient: Patient Last, Patient First; Sex: ?; Accession#: FT-1612508; FD Patient#: FT-PT21496; DOB: Jan 01, 1900; MR#: 000-000-000 DocID: ; Page 1 of 21 4978 Santa Anita Ave Temple City, CA 91780 (p) 626-350-0537 (f) 626-454-1667 [email protected] www.fulgentgenetics.com Fragile X syndrome Patient Patient Last, Patient First Partner Result Premutation carrier N/A FMR1 repeat expansion Variant Details N/A 29 repeats and 75 repeats; 2 AGG interruption detected What is Fragile X syndrome? Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability worldwide. FXS syndrome typically causes moderate intellectual disability in males, although the severity of intellectual impairment varies from person to person. Some females affected with fragile X syndrome can have mild intellectual disability. Abilities range from mild learning disabilities to severe mental retardation. Behavioral characteristics include autism, hyperactivity, short attention span and poor eye contact. Carriers of a premutation are at risk for fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and premature ovarian failure (POF). FXTAS is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by adult onset of intention tremor, gait ataxia, memory deficits, and cognitive deficits. What is my risk of having an affected child? Based on these results, male offspring have a 50% chance of inheriting this allele and being at risk for FXTAS. Female offspring have a 50% chance to be a carrier of this premutation. Additionally, there is up to a 64% chance of this repeat expanding to a full mutation in the next generation (PubMed: 25110527). If expansion were to occur in a female offspring, it would confer risk to have premature ovarian failure. If expansion were to occur in a male offspring, it could cause Fragile X syndrome. What kind of medical management is available? Children with Fragile X syndrome may benefit from educational support like early developmental intervention, special education classes in school, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral therapies. A small number may experience seizures, but in general, there are no severe medical issues and affected children have a normal life span. What mutation was detected? The mutation detected is a premutation repeat expansion allele of 75 repeats with two AGG interruptions. Patient: Patient Last, Patient First; Sex: ?; Accession#: FT-1612508; FD Patient#: FT-PT21496; DOB: Jan 01, 1900; MR#: 000-000-000 DocID: ; Page 2 of 21 4978 Santa Anita Ave Temple City, CA 91780 (p) 626-350-0537 (f) 626-454-1667 [email protected] www.fulgentgenetics.com GENES TESTED: Sonic Beacon Female Carrier Screening 402 genes tested (99.43% of coding bases at >20x). For more gene specific information and assistance with residual risk calculation, see SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE. ABCB11, ABCC8, ABCD1, ABCD4, ACAD9, ACADM, ACADS, ACADSB, ACADVL, ACAT1, ACOX1, ACSF3, ADA, ADAMTS2, ADGRG1, ADK, AGA, AGL, AGPS, AGXT, AHCY, AHI1, AIPL1, AIRE, ALDH3A2, ALDH4A1, ALDOB, ALG6, ALMS1, ALPL, AMT, AP1S2, AQP2, ARG1, ARL13B, ARSA, ARSB, ARSE, ARX, ASL, ASNS, ASPA, ASS1, ATM, ATP6V1B1, ATP7A, ATP7B, ATRX, BBS1, BBS10, BBS12, BBS2, BCKDHA, BCKDHB, BCS1L, BLM, BRWD3, BSND, BTD, CAPN3, CASQ2, CBS, CCDC103, CCDC151, CCDC39, CD40LG, CDH23, CEP290, CERKL, CFTR, CHM, CHRNE, CHRNG, CHST6, CIITA, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN8, CLRN1, CNGA1, CNGB1, CNGB3, COL27A1, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5, COL7A1, CPS1, CPT1A, CPT2, CRB1, CRYL1, CTNS, CTSK, CUL4B, CYBA, CYBB, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, CYP1B1, CYP21A2, CYP27A1, DBT, DCLRE1C, DCX, DHCR7, DHDDS, DLD, DLG3, DMD, DNAH5, DNAI1, DNAI2, DNAL1, DPYD, DUOX2, DUOXA2, DYSF, EDA, EIF2AK3, EIF2B5, ELP1, EMD, ERCC6, ERCC8, ESCO2, ETFA, ETFB, ETFDH, ETHE1, EVC, EVC2, EXOSC3, EYS, F11, F8, F9, FAH, FAM161A, FANCA, FANCC, FANCG, FGD1, FH, FKRP, FKTN, FMR1, FTCD, FTSJ1, G6PC, GAA, GALC, GALE, GALK1, GALNS, GALT, GAMT, GBA, GBE1, GCDH, GDAP1, GFM1, GJB1, GJB2, GJB6, GLA, GLB1, GLDC, GLE1, GNE, GNPTAB, GNPTG, GNRHR, GNS, GP1BA, GP9, GPR143, GRHPR, GUSB, HADHA, HAX1, HBA1, HBA2, HBB, HEXA, HEXB, HGD, HGSNAT, HJV, HLCS, HMGCL, HOGA1, HPS1, HPS3, HSD17B4, HSD3B2, HYAL1, HYLS1, IDH3B, IDS, IDUA, IL1RAPL1, IL2RG, IVD, IYD, JAK3, KCNJ11, KDM5C, L1CAM, LAMA2, LAMA3, LAMB3, LAMC2, LCA5, LHX3, LIFR, LIPA, LMBRD1, LOXHD1, LPL, LRPPRC, LYST, MAN2B1, MCCC1, MCCC2, MCEE, MCOLN1, MED17, MESP2, MFSD8, MKS1, MLC1, MMAA, MMAB, MMACHC, MMADHC, MPI, MPL, MPV17, MTM1, MTMR2, MTRR, MTTP, MUT, MVK, MYO7A, NAGLU, NAGS, NBN, NDP, NDRG1, NDUFAF5, NDUFS6, NEB, NPC1, NPC2, NPHP1, NPHS1, NPHS2, NR0B1, NR2E3, NTRK1, OAT, OCRL, OPA3, OPHN1, OTC, OTOF, P3H1, PAH, PAK3, PANK2, PC, PCBD1, PCCA, PCCB, PCDH15, PDE6A, PDHA1, PDHB, PEX1, PEX10, PEX12, PEX2, PEX6, PEX7, PFKM, PGK1, PHF8, PHGDH, PKHD1, PLA2G6, PLOD1, PMM2, POLG, POLR1C, POMGNT1, POMT1, POMT2, POU3F4, PPT1, PQBP1, PROP1, PRPS1, PSAP, PTS, PUS1, PYGM, QDPR, RAB23, RAG1, RAG2, RAPSN, RARS2, RAX, RDH12, RMRP, RP2, RPE65, RPGR, RPGRIP1L, RS1, RTEL1, SACS, SAMHD1, SEPSECS, SERPINA1, SGCA, SGCB, SGCD, SGCG, SGSH, SH3TC2, SLC12A3, SLC12A6, SLC16A2, SLC17A5, SLC22A5, SLC25A13, SLC25A15, SLC25A20, SLC26A2, SLC26A3, SLC26A4, SLC35A3, SLC37A4, SLC39A4, SLC46A1, SLC4A11, SLC5A5, SLC6A19, SLC6A8, SLC7A7, SMARCAL1, SMN1, SMPD1, SPG11, SPG7, STAR, SUMF1, SURF1, SYN1, TAT, TCIRG1, TECPR2, TFR2, TG, TGM1, TH, THOC2, TMEM216, TPO, TPP1, TRDN, TRIM32, TRMU, TSFM, TSHB, TTC37, TTPA, TYMP, UGT1A1, UPF3B, USH1C, USH1G, USH2A, VPS13A, VPS13B, VPS45, VRK1, VSX2, WAS, WHRN, WNT10A, XPA, XPC, ZDHHC9, ZFYVE26, ZNF711 METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from the submitted specimen indicated above (if cellular material was submitted). DNA was barcoded, and enriched for the coding exons of targeted genes using hybrid capture technology. Prepared DNA libraries were then sequenced using a Next Generation Sequencing technology. Following alignment to the human genome reference sequence (assembly GRCh37 / hg19), variants were detected in regions of at least 10x coverage. For this specimen, 99.49% and 99.43% of coding regions and splicing junctions of genes listed had been sequenced with coverage of at least 10x and 20x respectively or by Sanger sequencing. The remaining regions did not have 10x coverage, and were not evaluated. Variants were interpreted manually using locus specific databases, literature searches, and other molecular biological principles. All the variants with quality score less than 500 (roughly 40x of coverage for a heterozygous variant) will be confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Only variants classified as pathogenic, likely-pathogenic are reported. All genes listed were evaluated for large deletions and/or duplications. However, single exon deletions or duplications will not be detected in this assay, nor will copy number alterations in regions of genes with significant pseudogenes (see Gene Specific Limitations below). Putative deletions or duplications identified are confirmed by an orthogonal method (qPCR or MLPA). If included in the panel, FMR1 repeat analysis is performed by repeat-primed PCR (rpPCR) and amplicon length analysis. Methylation studies are not performed. Variants are classified using the ACMG Guidelines for Sequence Variant Interpretation (PubMed: 27993330) unless otherwise specified. Patient: Patient Last, Patient First; Sex: ?; Accession#: FT-1612508; FD Patient#: FT-PT21496; DOB: Jan 01, 1900; MR#: 000-000-000 DocID: ; Page 3 of 21 4978 Santa Anita Ave Temple City, CA 91780 (p) 626-350-0537 (f) 626-454-1667 [email protected] www.fulgentgenetics.com LIMITATIONS: General Limitations These test results and variant interpretation are based on the proper identification
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Childhood Cerebral X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy with Atypical Neuroimaging Abnormalities and a No…
    9/28/2018 Journal of Postgraduate Medicine: Childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy with atypical neuroimaging abnormalities and a no… Open access journal indexed with Index Medicus & EMBASE Home | Subscribe | Feedback [Download PDF] CASE REPORT Year : 2018 | Volume : 64 | Issue : 1 | Page : 59-63 Childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy with atypical neuroimaging abnormalities and a novel mutation M Muranjan1, S Karande1, S Sankhe2, S Eichler3, 1 Department of Pediatrics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India 3 Centogene AG, Schillingallee 68, Rostock, Germany Correspondence Address: Dr. M Muranjan Department of Pediatrics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra India Abstract Childhood cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (XALD) typically manifests with symptoms of adrenocortical insufficiency and a variety of neurocognitive and behavioral abnormalities. A major diagnostic clue is the characteristic neuroinflammatory parieto-occipital white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. This study reports a 5-year 10-month old boy presenting with generalized skin hyperpigmentation since 3 years of age. Over the past 9 months, he had developed right-sided hemiparesis and speech and behavioral abnormalities, which had progressed over 5 months to bilateral hemiparesis. Retrospective analyses of serial brain magnetic resonance images revealed an unusual pattern of lesions involving the internal capsules, corticospinal tracts in the midbrain and brainstem, and cerebellar white matter. The clinical diagnosis of childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy was confirmed by elevated basal levels of adrenocorticotropin hormone and plasma very long chain fatty acid levels. Additionally, sequencing of the ABCD1 gene revealed a novel mutation.
    [Show full text]
  • My Beloved Neutrophil Dr Boxer 2014 Neutropenia Family Conference
    The Beloved Neutrophil: Its Function in Health and Disease Stem Cell Multipotent Progenitor Myeloid Lymphoid CMP IL-3, SCF, GM-CSF CLP Committed Progenitor MEP GMP GM-CSF, IL-3, SCF EPO TPO G-CSF M-CSF IL-5 IL-3 SCF RBC Platelet Neutrophil Monocyte/ Basophil B-cells Macrophage Eosinophil T-Cells Mast cell NK cells Mature Cell Dendritic cells PRODUCTION AND KINETICS OF NEUTROPHILS CELLS % CELLS TIME Bone Marrow: Myeloblast 1 7 - 9 Mitotic Promyelocyte 4 Days Myelocyte 16 Maturation/ Metamyelocyte 22 3 – 7 Storage Band 30 Days Seg 21 Vascular: Peripheral Blood Seg 2 6 – 12 hours 3 Marginating Pool Apoptosis and ? Tissue clearance by 0 – 3 macrophages days PHAGOCYTOSIS 1. Mobilization 2. Chemotaxis 3. Recognition (Opsonization) 4. Ingestion 5. Degranulation 6. Peroxidation 7. Killing and Digestion 8. Net formation Adhesion: β 2 Integrins ▪ Heterodimer of a and b chain ▪ Tight adhesion, migration, ingestion, co- stimulation of other PMN responses LFA-1 Mac-1 (CR3) p150,95 a2b2 a CD11a CD11b CD11c CD11d b CD18 CD18 CD18 CD18 Cells All PMN, Dendritic Mac, mono, leukocytes mono/mac, PMN, T cell LGL Ligands ICAMs ICAM-1 C3bi, ICAM-3, C3bi other other Fibrinogen other GRANULOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANTS Chemoattractants Source Activators Lipids PAF Neutrophils C5a, LPS, FMLP Endothelium LTB4 Neutrophils FMLP, C5a, LPS Chemokines (a) IL-8 Monocytes, endothelium LPS, IL-1, TNF, IL-3 other cells Gro a, b, g Monocytes, endothelium IL-1, TNF other cells NAP-2 Activated platelets Platelet activation Others FMLP Bacteria C5a Activation of complement Other Important Receptors on PMNs ñ Pattern recognition receptors – Detect microbes - Toll receptor family - Mannose receptor - bGlucan receptor – fungal cell walls ñ Cytokine receptors – enhance PMN function - G-CSF, GM-CSF - TNF Receptor ñ Opsonin receptors – trigger phagocytosis - FcgRI, II, III - Complement receptors – ñ Mac1/CR3 (CD11b/CD18) – C3bi ñ CR-1 – C3b, C4b, C3bi, C1q, Mannose binding protein From JG Hirsch, J Exp Med 116:827, 1962, with permission.
    [Show full text]
  • MASA Syndrome in Twin Brothers: Case Report of Sixteen-Year Clinical Follow Up
    Paediatr Croat. 2014;58:286-90 PRIKAZ BOLESNIKA / CASE REPORT www.paedcro.com http://dx.doi.org/10.13112/PC.2014.50 MASA syndrome in twin brothers: case report of sixteen-year clinical follow up Matilda Kovač Šižgorić1, Zlatko Sabol1, Filip Sabol2, Tonći Grmoja3, Svjetlana Bela Klancir1, Zdravka Gjergja1, Ljiljana Kipke Sabol1 MASA syndrome (OMIM 303350) is a rare X-linked recessive neurologic disorder, also called CRASH syndrome, spastic paraplegia 1 and Gareis-Mason syndrome. The acronym MASA describes four major signs: Mental retardation, Aphasia, Shuffl ing gait and Adducted thumbs. A more suitable name for this syndrome is L1 syndrome because the disorder has been associated with mutations in the neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) gene. The syndrome has severe symptoms in males, while females are carriers because only one X chromosome is aff ected. The aim of this report is to show similarities and diff erences in clinical manifestations between twins with the L1CAM gene mutation and to emphasize the importance of genetic counseling. Our patients were dizygotic twins born prematurely at 35 weeks of gestation. Pregnancy was complicated with early bleeding and gestational diabetes. Immediately after birth, hypertonia of lower extremities was observed in both twins. Sixteen-year clinical follow up showed spastic paraparetic form with shuffl ing gait, clumsiness, delayed speech development, lower intellectual functioning at the level of mild to moderate mental retarda- tion, primary nocturnal enuresis, behavioral and sleep disorder (more pronounced in the second twin). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, complete lack of the anterior commissure, and internal hydrocephalus.
    [Show full text]
  • Nicole Trask, Pharmd, Planning for the 2019 Specialty Drug Spend
    Planning for the 2019 Specialty Drug Spend August 24, 2018 Nicole Trask, PharmD Clinical Consultant Pharmacist University of Massachusetts – Clinical Pharmacy Services Disclosure for Nicole Trask I have no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this presentation. Budget Impact Modeling for 2 ||August 24, 2018 the Specialty Drug Spend Objectives • Identify high-impact specialty pipeline drugs expected to reach the market in 2019-2020 • Summarize efficacy data for high-impact specialty pipeline drugs and indicate their anticipated place in therapy • Compare specialty pipeline drugs to currently available therapeutic options • Predict the budgetary impact of specialty pipeline drugs and discuss strategies to mitigate costs Budget Impact Modeling for 3 ||August 24, 2018 the Specialty Drug Spend Identifying High-Impact Drugs Two key drivers • Clinical impact • Efficacy/effectiveness • Therapeutic alternatives • Economic impact • Cost • Volume Budget Impact Modeling for 4 ||August 24, 2018 the Specialty Drug Spend Assessing Clinical Impact Clinical trial data Therapeutic alternatives • Placebo-controlled, • Me-too drug vs. head-to-head studies first-in-class • Adverse events • Market competition • Potential drug-drug • Consensus interactions guidelines • Target population • Patient willingness to use medication Budget Impact Modeling for 5 ||August 24, 2018 the Specialty Drug Spend Assessing Economic Impact Cost Volume • NADAC, AWP, WAC • Prevalence/incidence of • Supplemental rebate disease • Outcomes-based • Frequency of contracts administration • Value assessments • Duration of therapy (e.g., AHRQ, ICER, PCORI) AHRQ=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, AWP=average wholesale price, ICER=Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, NADAC=national average drug acquisition cost, PCORI=Patient-centered Outcomes Research Institute, WAC=wholesale acquisition cost Budget Impact Modeling for 6 ||August 24, 2018 the Specialty Drug Spend Other Factors Affecting Budget Impact Disease-specific Prescriber-specific • Chronic vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Hirschsprung Disease in an Infant with L1 Syndrome
    Hirschsprung Disease in an Infant with L1 Syndrome: Report of a New Case and a Novel L1CAM Variant Teresa Andreone1 1Saint Louis University Care - The Physicians of Saint Louis University October 27, 2020 Abstract L1 syndrome is an X-linked disorder manifesting with congenital hydrocephalus, adducted thumbs and spasticity. There are rare cases of L1 syndrome and coincident Hirschsprung disease, with mutations in the L1CAM gene thought to underlie both. We present a novel pathogenic L1CAM variant in someone with L1 syndrome and Hirschsprung disease. Introduction The L1CAM gene encodes the membrane glycoprotein L1CAM, a calcium-independent cellular adhesion molecule involved in neuronal development. The L1CAM cell adhesion molecule is found on the X chromo- some in humans (and other mammals) and has a 1253 amino acid protein sequence. The extracellular portion is comprised of six immunoglobulin domains followed by five fibronectin type III domains which are con- nected to a small intracellular domain by a transmembrane helix (Figure 1). Mutations in theL1CAM gene cause L1 syndrome, which encompasses a spectrum of disease that includes four major X-linked conditions: X-linked congenital hydrocephalus due to stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (HSAS; OMIM #307000); men- tal retardation, aphasia, shuffling gait and adducted thumbs syndrome (MASA; OMIM #303350); X-linked complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia type 1 (SPG1; OMIM#303350); and X-linked complicated agene- sis of the corpus callosum (OMIM #304100)1. More than 220 disease-causing variants in the L1CAM gene have been identified as causing the four major phenotypes of L1 syndrome2. Additionally, there are reports suggesting that additional mutations in L1CAM can cause mild behavioral and intellectual impairment3.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Groningen Genetics of L1 Syndrome Vos, Yvonne Johanna
    University of Groningen Genetics of L1 syndrome Vos, Yvonne Johanna IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2010 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Vos, Y. J. (2010). Genetics of L1 syndrome. [S.n.]. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 26-09-2021 Genetics Ll Syndr Yvonne Vos , ' Genetics of Ll syndrome Yvonne Johanna Vos Vos, Yvonne J Genetics of Ll syndrome Proefschrift Groningen ISBN: 978-90-367-4471-3 © Copyright 2010 Y.J. Vos All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedin any form or by any means, without permission of the author. Cover: Bob Vos Lay-out: Helga de Graaf, Studio Eye Candy, Groningen (www.proefschrift.info) Printed by lpskamp Drukkers, Enschede Stellingen behorende bij het proefschrift Genetics of Ll syndrome -·-····· ---· ·· -�--;.
    [Show full text]
  • General Contribution
    24 Abstracts of 37th Annual Meeting A1 A SCREENING METHOD FOR FRAGILE X MUTATION: DETECTION OF THE CGG REPEAT IN FMR-1 GENE BY PCR WITH BIOTIN-LABELED PRIMER. ..Eiji NANBA, Kousaku OHNO and Kenzo TAKESHITA Division of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Tot- tori University School of Medicine. Yonago We have developed a new polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based method for detection of the CGG repeat in FMR-1 gene. No specific product from PCR was detected on the gel with ethidium bromide staining, because 7-deaza-2'-dGTP is necessary for amplification of this repeat. Biotin-labeled primer was used for PCR and the product was transferred to a nylon membrane followed the detection of biotin by Smilight kit. The size of PCR product from normal control were slightly various and around 300bp. No PCR product was detected from 3 fragile X male patients in 2 families diagnosed by cytogenetic examination. This method is useful for genetic screen- ing of male mental retardation patients to exclude the fragile X mutation. A2 DNA ANALYSISFOR FRAGILE X SYNDROME Osamu KOSUDA,Utak00GASA, ~.ideynki INH, a~ji K/NAGIJCltI, and Kazumasa ]tIKIJI (SILL Inc., Tokyo) Fragile X syndrome is X-linked disease having the amplification of (CG6)n repeat sequence in the chromsomeXq27.3. We performed Southern blot analysis using three probes recognized repetitive sequence resion. Normal controle showed 5.2Kb with Eco RI digest and 2.7Kb with Eco RI/Bss ttII digest as the germ tines by the Southern blot analysis. However, three cell lines established fro~ unrelated the patients with fragile X showed the abnormal bands between 5.2 and 7.7Kb with Eco RI digest, and between 2.7 and 7.7Kb with Eco aI/Bss HII digest.
    [Show full text]
  • Rett Syndrome: Coming to Terms with Treatment
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Neuroscience Volume 2014, Article ID 345270, 20 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/345270 Review Article Rett Syndrome: Coming to Terms with Treatment Alan Percy Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, CIRC 320E, Birmingham, AL 35294-0021, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Alan Percy; [email protected] Received 5 January 2014; Accepted 26 February 2014; Published 10 April 2014 Academic Editor: Ronald L. Klein Copyright © 2014 Alan Percy. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Rett syndrome (RTT) has experienced remarkable progress over the past three decades since emerging as a disorder of worldwide proportions, particularly with discovery of the linkage of RTT to MECP2 mutations. The advances in clinical research and the increasing pace of basic science investigations have accelerated the pattern of discovery and understanding. Clinical trials are ongoing and others are planned. A review of these events and the prospects for continued success are highlighted below. The girls and women encountered today with RTT are, overall, in better general, neurologic, and behavioral health than those encountered earlier. This represents important progress worldwide from the concerted efforts of a broadly based and diverse clinical and basic research consortium as well
    [Show full text]
  • Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (Pmd)
    PELIZAEUS‐MERZBACHER DISEASE (PMD) is a X‐linked disease that is transmitted from normal appearing carrier mothers to their sons. Each male born to these mothers has a 50/50 chance of being affected with PMD. Each female child born to them has a 50/50 chance of being a carrier herself. Having more than one affected child, with a disease that there is only 50/50 of, I know sounds impossible, but I did the same thing! You have to realize it's a 50/50 chance with every pregnancy. One way to possibly describe this is to take a deck of cards, remove all 4 aces. Let the 2 red ones represent females, the ace of hearts could represent a non‐carrier female, the ace of diamonds could represent a carrier female. Let the 2 black ones represent males, the ace of clubs could represent a non‐affected male, the ace of spades could represent an affected male. With each pregnancy you have a 1 in 4 chance of having an affected son. Turn the 4 cards face down and draw one, if it should be the ace of spades (affected male), you can't say, "I have already had my affected one", and exclude it from the next pregnancy. With each pregnancy you have to "draw" from all 4 "cards". This disease affects the myelin sheath, that insulates the nerves of the central nervous system. These nerve fibers, called axons, carry impulses from the brain to other parts of the body. The axons are similar to an electrical wire, the myelin is like insulation that covers them.
    [Show full text]
  • X-Linked Diseases: Susceptible Females
    REVIEW ARTICLE X-linked diseases: susceptible females Barbara R. Migeon, MD 1 The role of X-inactivation is often ignored as a prime cause of sex data include reasons why women are often protected from the differences in disease. Yet, the way males and females express their deleterious variants carried on their X chromosome, and the factors X-linked genes has a major role in the dissimilar phenotypes that that render women susceptible in some instances. underlie many rare and common disorders, such as intellectual deficiency, epilepsy, congenital abnormalities, and diseases of the Genetics in Medicine (2020) 22:1156–1174; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436- heart, blood, skin, muscle, and bones. Summarized here are many 020-0779-4 examples of the different presentations in males and females. Other INTRODUCTION SEX DIFFERENCES ARE DUE TO X-INACTIVATION Sex differences in human disease are usually attributed to The sex differences in the effect of X-linked pathologic variants sex specific life experiences, and sex hormones that is due to our method of X chromosome dosage compensation, influence the function of susceptible genes throughout the called X-inactivation;9 humans and most placental mammals – genome.1 5 Such factors do account for some dissimilarities. compensate for the sex difference in number of X chromosomes However, a major cause of sex-determined expression of (that is, XX females versus XY males) by transcribing only one disease has to do with differences in how males and females of the two female X chromosomes. X-inactivation silences all X transcribe their gene-rich human X chromosomes, which is chromosomes but one; therefore, both males and females have a often underappreciated as a cause of sex differences in single active X.10,11 disease.6 Males are the usual ones affected by X-linked For 46 XY males, that X is the only one they have; it always pathogenic variants.6 Females are biologically superior; a comes from their mother, as fathers contribute their Y female usually has no disease, or much less severe disease chromosome.
    [Show full text]
  • SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Effect of Next
    SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Effect of Next-Generation Exome Sequencing Depth for Discovery of Diagnostic Variants KKyung Kim1,2,3†, Moon-Woo Seong4†, Won-Hyong Chung3, Sung Sup Park4, Sangseob Leem1, Won Park5,6, Jihyun Kim1,2, KiYoung Lee1,2*‡, Rae Woong Park1,2* and Namshin Kim5,6** 1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Korea 2Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea, 3Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea, 5Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, 6Epigenomics Research Center, Genome Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea http//www. genominfo.org/src/sm/gni-13-31-s001.pdf Supplementary Table 1. List of diagnostic genes Gene Symbol Description Associated diseases ABCB11 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 11 Intrahepatic cholestasis ABCD1 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 1 Adrenoleukodystrophy ACVR1 Activin A receptor, type I Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva AGL Amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase Glycogen storage disease ALB Albumin Analbuminaemia APC Adenomatous polyposis coli Adenomatous polyposis coli APOE Apolipoprotein E Apolipoprotein E deficiency AR Androgen receptor Androgen insensitivity
    [Show full text]
  • Blueprint Genetics Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome Panel
    Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome Panel Test code: HE0801 Is a 135 gene panel that includes assessment of non-coding variants. Is ideal for patients with a clinical suspicion of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. The genes on this panel are included in the Comprehensive Hematology Panel. About Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are a diverse set of genetic disorders characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce sufficient circulating blood cells. Bone marrow failure can affect all blood cell lineages causing clinical symptoms similar to aplastic anemia, or be restricted to one or two blood cell lineages. The clinical presentation may include thrombocytopenia or neutropenia. Hematological manifestations may be accompanied by physical features such as short stature and abnormal skin pigmentation in Fanconi anemia and dystrophic nails, lacy reticular pigmentation and oral leukoplakia in dyskeratosis congenita. Patients with IBMFS have an increased risk of developing cancer—either hematological or solid tumors. Early and correct disease recognition is important for management and surveillance of the diseases. Currently, accurate genetic diagnosis is essential to confirm the clinical diagnosis. The most common phenotypes that are covered by the panel are Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and WAS-related disorders. Availability 4 weeks Gene Set Description Genes in the Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome Panel and their clinical significance
    [Show full text]