MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG COALITION February 1981 Vol. II, No. 2

The cultural basis for susceptibility to drugs by Lyndon LaRouche

Let's make great music Iopular again!

Exclusive: nald Reagan's (rticy on drugs

Why we must junk METHADONE INed Rosinsky, M.D. Editor-in-Chief Nora Hamerman Associate Editor Michele Steinberg Managing Editor MAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL ANTI-DRUG COALITION Christian Curtis February 1981 Vol. II, No. 2 NADC News Editor Bonnie Mesaros The cultural basis Medical Editor Ned Rosinsky, M.D. for susceptibility Music Editor to drugs Peter Wyer by Lyndon H. LaRouche . 16 Legal Editor Mary Jane Freeman Let's make great music popular again Art Director Deborah Asch by Peter Wyer An NADC cultural proposal for Production Editor bringing great music back Gail G. Kay into our schools 18 Editorial Board of Advisers Has the military Fausto Charris Romero Max Dean, Esq. surrendered in the David Goldman Konstandinos Kalimtgis war against drugs? DeForest Z. Rathbone by Dean Andromidas and Elijah Boyd Allen Salisbury With more than half of U.S. troops Jiirgen Spahn, M.D. Page 38 using drugs regularly, the Pentagon Jeffrey Steinberg is denying a problem exists 22 War on Drugs is published monthly by the National Anti- Drug Coalition, 304 West 58th Why we must junk Street, 5th Floor, New York, METHADONE N.Y. 10019. The views of the NADC are stated in the edito­ by Ned Rosinsky, M.D. 38 rials; opinions expressed in ar­ ticles are not necessarily those of the coalition. Subscriptions How the pornography industry by mail are $24 for 12 issues, set up the drug lobby $48 for 24 issues, and $48 for foreign air mail (12 issues). Page 47 by Stuart Pettingell 47

Departments Application to mail at second class rates pending in New 2 Editorial York, New York. Postmaster: 4 Detective Dupin forward all change of address forms to 304 W 58th St, 5th 5 Letters Floor, New York, N.Y. 10019. 6 News briefs 8 News 51 Anti-Drug Coalition News Copyright • February 1981 59 Drugfighter of the Month National Anti-Drug Coalition 61 Frontline: Colombia Printed in the U.S.A. All Rights Reserved 62 Books 64 Drugfighter's Target ISSN 0270-2606 On the cover: Soldiers of the U.S. All Volunteer force on maneuver. There is a good chance that at least half of the men pictured here are either stoned, addicted, or otherwise under the influence of hallucinogens or narcotics as a result of regular use. Photo: Alain Keler/Sygma ing and informing our people, so Edito unspeakably banal? Why has sci­ entific education so decayed that a recent national report describes the U.S.A. as a "nation of scientific morons"? There is another crucial ques­ tion that must be asked, although it may not be obvious to everyone that it is the same question. Why does Ronald Reagan, whose per­ sonal commitment to fighting drugs is not in doubt, tolerate among his most influential advis­ ers the evil Milton Friedman, a man who publicly advocates mari­ The antidrug mandate: juana and heroin legalization and who proclaims the world's heroin capital of Hong Kong to be an making it stick example of his idea of "economic he Nov. 4, 1980 elections have freedom"? Tproven that we, the antidrug If we cannot answer these ques­ forces, arte indeed the majority in tions by taking positive steps to the United States. By turning Jim­ remedy the problems they de­ my Carter out of the White House, scribe, then the new electoral man­ the American voters delivered a date will melt away. After all, in mandate for a return to tough 1968 Gov. Reagan of California antidrug laws and their enforce­ stood helplessly by as a British ment after four years of cocaine intelligence project called MK- scandals, rising drug consumption Ultra, led by British aristocrat Al- among the young, and "decrimin­ dous Huxley, made that state the alization." Ronald Reagan has com­ breeding grounds for the hideous mitted his presidency, in his de­ drug-rock counterculture that has tailed reply to the National Anti- since become a national plague. Drug Coalition's questionnaire, to fulfilling that mandate. A question of science Of course, we intend to hold the It should be obvious that to win President-elect and the new Con­ the war on drugs, the antidrug gress to their promises. But the majority must be armed with far fight against the drug epidemic is more powerful cultural tools than only beginning. The results of the those of our enemy. 1980 election have merely posed War on Drugs has performed a the question of this nation's future unique service in this regard by on a more fundamental level. naming the evil forces that are For example, this magazine has behind the drug plague. Some peo­ documented the existence of a well ple don't like us for that, but it has coordinated syndicate pushing made the Anti-Drug Coalitions the drugs and pornography. But why, most effective enemy of the inter­ since we &re the majority, is there national dope cartel. not a far more powerful syndicate Now you must take the further dedicated to the revival of the step of mastering the scientific American System of industrial method that has made us so effec­ progress? Why is classical music tive. Two features in this issue dying—Shakespeare's English all especially embody that challenge. but incomprehensible to high The first is the Anti-Drug Coali­ school youth—the film industry tion's cultural initiative launched devoted to the cult of violence? by Lyndon LaRouche's thought- Why is television programming, provoking statement on the cultur­ potentially a great tool for uplift- al basis for drug susceptibility, and

2 War on Drugs / February 1981 prominent statesman and scientist of early 19th century France, Du­ pin applied the political economy of American founding father Alex­ ander Hamilton to the task of de­ veloping French industry. We set our "reincarnated" Dupin on the trail of one of the nasty diversions that have been thrown out to entrap Americans ignorant of their true history—so-called Secular Humanism. No one knew better than Poe and other Ameri­ can System patriots that good names often mask evil enterprises. To understand what the British liberals have achieved by draping themselves in the name of human­ ism, contemplate how many good but historically uninformed Amer­ icans have cut themselves off from the greatest moral tradition of mankind—the true humanists such as Dante and Beethoven— due to a gut negative reaction just to the word "humanism." "We need another Boston Tea Party; only this time Or take the case of music. Only we should throw out the pot, too." the systematic subversion of what was in Poe's day and even more recently America's favorite the accompanying report by Peter resurrecting the literary method music—the tradition of Beetho­ Wyer on how we can make great of Poe to instruct antidrug fighters ven, Schubert, and their peers— music popular once again. The sec­ in the scientific investigation of a has given us the modern notion ond is our new "Detective Dupin" crime, because Poe has been so that music is merely a matter of column. persistently slandered as a drunk taste. We have turned in both cases to and even a drug addict. As Dr. Wyer demonstrates in his the early 19th century for inspira­ The motive behind this web of article, music is science. Through tion. In that period, after the lies is that Poe was no ivory tower his or her desire to make beautiful American republic was founded by intellectual, but a leading opera­ music, a child learns true free­ Benjamin Franklin and his inter­ tive in the American patriotic in­ dom—creating to resolve the prob­ national collaborators, the strug­ telligence service that saved the lems posed by necessity. He or she gle was to safeguard America's United States from British subver­ becomes scientific in outlook even freedom to grow as an industrial sion. before mastering geometry and republic. It is a suppressed fact of Poe's Dupin is above all the physics, the next phase in a well our history that Great Britain nev­ teacher. He shows his pupil how to ordered curriculum. er accepted its defeat in the Revo­ discover the truth through creat­ We will be just as adamant that lutionary War and tried to destroy ing a series of successively more our elected officials take positive the new nation by economic war­ precise (higher) hypotheses: "Don't action on such educational issues fare disguised as "free trade"—the ask yourself what has happened," as we have been in insisting on antecedent to Mr. Friedman's "free he advises. "Ask what has hap­ drug law enforcement. It is the enterprise" doctrine. pened that never happened be­ American tradition; it is why we fore." Of course, this is the method are waging the war on drugs; and The Dupin 'mystery' of the greatest poets—and the it is the only way to win. Some readers will recognize in greatest physical scientists! C. Auguste Dupin the character Perhaps few readers know that portrayed by America's great poet there was an actual historical Edgar Allan Poe in such famous Charles Auguste Dupin, who be­ stories as "The Purloined Letter." longed to the same pro-American —Nora Hamerman There is a special, ironic justice in republican networks as Poe. A Editor in Chief

February 1981 / War on Drugs 3 Detective Dupin

On the trail of the Secular Humanoids by Scott Thompson

hile the waning dusk still strength superhuman, a ferocity man to other animals. .. . Study of Wstretched into sable night, brutal, a butchery without motive, baboon social behavior invites an my friend, the Chevalier Auguste in all a gfotesquerie in horror ab­ examination of human society.' Dupin, and I gathered in the li­ solutely alien from humanity. Here then is a group which confus­ brary of the tottering and gro­ Once Dupin formed this uncanny es man with ape, and no doubt out tesque mansion that was our cur­ hypothesis that the murders were of that confusion has committed rent residence. As was our accus­ not the \Vork of human hand, it the most outrageous crimes in the tomed habit, we passed the gloomy was but a few short steps to uncov­ name of humanness.'" interval until the descent of true er the supporting evidence that At the name MACOS I sat bolt Darkness in perusing the newspa­ had eluded the earnest, if misin­ upright, for I had just read a most pers, political manifestoes, and formed, Prefect of police. chilling account in the Times of a other items that measured the As the! general public is now group calling itself the Secular commerce of our fellow man. aware, the author of the atrocious Humanoids to whom MACOS was It was but a few days earlier butcheriefe in Rue Morgue was an affiliated. The Times coverage was that my friend Dupin had success­ Ourang-Outang brought to the city most favorable. Well I knew from fully penetrated the mysterious by a Maltese sailor which had es­ my own efforts to publish a news­ murders on Rue Morgue, and he caped and committed the crime in paper in New York the seditious was still, though in seclusion, the brute panic at recapture. role that the editors of this paper toast of all Paris for his brilliant While I reviewed my friend's and their Tory British forebears solution to this black crime. On last astonishing success, he occu­ had played in continuing efforts to just such an evening we had first pied himself leisurely reading subvert the American Revolution. become acquainted with the cir­ through the accumulation of pa­ If the Times was somehow in­ cumstances of the heinous mur­ pers that had amassed during our volved with MACOS and the Hu­ ders for which a man was soon last advebture. "Ah," my friend manoids, then Dupin was un­ arrested, largely on the basis that said rousing himself slightly in his doubtedly correct in his assess­ he had been near the scene and chair, "miw here is a group that ment that bloody crimes had al­ could not provide the zealous Pre­ but for itis physical frailty, might ready been committed. fect of police with any other plau­ have been a prime suspect in the Gripped by this chilling fear I sible solution. Rue Morgue murders. I refer to began a frenzied reading putloud Having read the available news 'MACOS, or Man—A Course of to Dupin of something called Hu­ accounts and examined the scene Study.' manist Manifesto II which the where the grisly crime had been "In this particular treatise a Mr. Times had extracted: committed, a singular feature Dow writes that 'to understand "The next century can be the stood out: the murderer had a man's humanness we look beyond humanistic century. ... In learn-

4 War on Drugs / February 1981 ing to apply the scientific method tion of marijuana, calling it a vic­ to nature and human life, we have timless crime. opened the door to ecological dam­ "B. F. Skinner, a man who not LETTERS age, overpopulation, dehumaniz­ only confuses humanity with apes, ing institutions, totalitarian re­ but also with rats. For him human pression, and nuclear and bio­ life is truly 'nasty, brutish, and chemical disaster. .. . short': an endless run through a "Traditional moral codes and maze governed by pleasure and Sex ed and newer irrational cults both fail to pain. What matters it to such a meet the pressing needs of today brute whether that 'pleasure' is. 'Humanists' and tomorrow. . . . Individual(s) derived from the haze of drugs, or To the Editor: should be permitted to express from the joy of creative labor on I would like to thank you for their sexual proclivities and pur­ behalf of others whose very exist­ sending our office a copy of your sue their life-styles as they ence he would deny. magazine, War on Drugs (July, 1980 desire. . . . [This] includes a recog­ "Corliss Lamont, the infamous edition). The story on sex educa­ nition of an individual's right to companion of Frederick Vanderbilt tion is indeed excellent, and the die with dignity, euthanasia, and Field who was once known as 'The ties to the drug lobby are most the right to suicide Wall Street Red,' who helped fi­ appropriate. "We deplore the division of hu­ nance the founding of the Com­ ... In their order of priority, our mankind on nationalistic grounds. munist Party with parts of his concerns as a national group are: . . . The best option is to transcend father's fortune from the Morgan Abortion, Sex Education (i.e. the limits of national Bank. Lamont was later exposed porn), materials of any kind being sovereighty.. .. Thus we look to for proposing an alliance with the distributed without parental con­ the development of a system of Red Chinese, the same who are sent when those materials are world law and a world order based poisoning men's minds with heroin passed out in the school, at a clinic, upon transnational government." from the Golden Triangle, through etc.; continued government intru­ Dupin clutched the paper from the Institute for Pacific Relations sion in the family, the total depar­ me, exclaiming: "Genocide in the that he once financed. ture from the Ten Commandments name of Parson Malthus' 'overpo­ "John Dewey is cited by the of God in favor of the secular hu­ pulation'; promiscuity and youth Times as a founder of the move­ manism which is robbing this na­ drug addiction in the name of free ment. Dewey, the man who created tion of its humanity. 'life-styles'; euthanasia called 'pragmatism,' the materialist doc­ With God for Life, 'death with dignity'; and the sus­ trine designed to subvert the re­ Judie Brown, President pension of national sovereignty— publican tradition fostered by the American Life Lobby, Inc. all in the name of 'Humanism.' Not great Humanist Founding Fathers one of these creatures would even of your own nation. It was Dewey Washington, D.C. be located in Purgatory in the who with Walter Lippmann in the The editor replies: Many profamily Commedia of Dante, who was one 1920s and 1930s trained a genera­ groups have expressed the same of the truly great humanists. Each tion of leaders of the American antipathy to "secular humanism," is burning right now in his own Trotskyite and Communist parties. and some were upset when the living Inferno. "Thus, in another age we see November War on Drugs ran an "Look at who these bestialized that these 'Secular Humanists' interview with Sheila Jones, a creatures are. Having cloaked sought to pass themselves off as leader of the Chicago Platonic Hu­ themselves with the name of 'Hu­ 'liberals,' or even 'Communists'— manist Society. Historically, the manism,' they publicly flaunt their whatever disguise served their evil term "humanist," which originat­ black crimes and grotesque doc­ purpose of the moment. Those who ed in the Renaissance, signified the trine by signing the Humanist could confuse man with the talk­ unity of science and religion in the Manifesto: ing parrot, the laboring ox, are concept of man's self-perfection, as "Baroness Barbara Wootton, a fully capable of the crazed violence was expressed in the U.S. Consti­ member of the British House of of the marauding ape. They are tution with the phrase "toward a Lords and companion of the des­ incapable of knowing trfe beauty of more perfect Union." We don't picable author of Brave New World, man's creative soul which distin­ think that the good people in Aldous Huxley, and the dirty Lord guishes him from the beasts whom America should allow the liberals Bertrand Russell. Wootton worked we slaughter for our sustenance. to pervert this term for the pur­ to transform the Soviet Union into "But, I see that Night has fully pose of "robbing this nation of its a brave, materialist new order on fallen, let us see what more we can humanity," as you rightly charac­ trips there after the 1917 Revolu­ find about these 'Humanoids,' for terize the secular humanists. For tion. Later, she directed the first this is truly their hour to be more of the real story, see "Detec­ symposium on the' decriminaliza­ about." tive Dupin" in this issue.

February 1981 / War on Drugs 5 NEWS BRIEFS

Heinz amendment restores DEA funds The effort to restore $1.7 million cut from the Drug Enforcement Administra­ tion's domestic task force budget narrowly passed the congressional deadline, when Sen. John Heinz (R-Pa.) submitted an amendment to the Senate appropriations bill Nov. 12. Heinz acted after the Carter White House reneged on a pre-election promise to ensure the funds through a re-allocation by the Office of Management and Budget. On Nov. 11, Michele Steinberg, an Associate Editor of War on Drugs, met with Heinz's staff to present the NADC's resolution and accompanying signatures to the Senator. "The passing of this amendment is unquestionably a victory for antidrug forces," Mrs. Steinberg said, "but we still have to make sure these funds actually reach the DEA." The amendment, reinstating full operations in DEA task force cities of Philadelphia, Reno, and El Paso, passed the Senate Nov. 18.

Last time around they were hanged "The last time they did this in Nuremburg, they were hanged," read a sign protesting a conference on "dignified death" in Nuremberg, West Germany last November. The conference, sponsored by the "Humanist Union," was held to found a "right to die" movement that would push for doing away with "useless eaters," as a "burden to the state." Leading the protest was the German Anti-Drug Coalition. The ADC pointed out that in the Nuremberg trials following World War II which convicted the Nazi hierarchy of atrocities, the Nazi practice of euthanasia was declared a crime against humanity, and The Nuremberg trials that Nazis convicted of it were hanged. The German ADC reports that the Humanist Union is merely a front for the Free Democratic Party, and is also used to propagandize for legalizing hashish.

America's end of the bargain President Julio Cesar Turbay of Colombia, the world's leading marijuana producing country, embarrassed Washington by pointing that Colombia is doing more than the U.S. in cracking down on pot. "The leading power in the Western world with its millions has confiscated less [drugs] in its territory than Colombia with its limited resources has in its," Turbay said in a Nov. 2 interview with the New York Times. "If the United States would only make a substantial investment in Colombia to match the contribution made by the Colombian government, drug traffic would be reduced in a very big way."

Davis wins in California, Wolff loses in New York Former Los Angeles, police chief Ed Davis won his bid for California state senator by a wide margin in the November general elections against liberal Democrat Rosemary Woodlock. Davis, a former president of the International Association of Chiefs of Police, is known for his hard stand against drugs. In New Yo^k, Rep. Lester Wolff, a Democrat, lost his seat in the surprising Republican sweep. Observers are anxiously watching to see who will replace Ed Davis Wolff as head of the Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control.

6 War on Drugs / February 1981 * Heavy lira' a blow to drug profits The Italian Anti-Drug Coalition has launched a campaign to wipe out Italy's black market economy, which is based largely on dope profits, with the creation of a "heavy lira." The plan, first proposed by the American conser­ vative economist Lyndon LaRouche, calls for the Italian government to replace the entire currency supply with new one-lira notes, leaving the dope financiers with caches of old lira bills. Traffickers would then have to exchange their old notes—and declare their profits legally—or watch their cash become worthless.

Decrim bill on ice? It doesn't look good for marijuana "decriminalization" during the next session of Congress. Sources on Capitol Hill told the National Anti-Drug Coalition that the House decrim bill, H.R. 4906, will probably never get out of committee. "It hasn't gone anywhere," complained an aide to Rep. George Miller (O-Calif), a sponsor of the bill. "Nobody wants to stick their neck out on this one." Decrim is "no longer the most popular position to take" in Washington, the aide said. In 1980, War on Drugs published the names of all the sponsors of H.R. 4906 during the fall election campaign.

'Dead' from Los Angeles . . . Heroin bust in Italy According to Los Angeles newspapers, Timothy Leary, the pioneer of "blow­ ing" one's mind with LSD, has landed his first job since leaving his Harvard lectureship in 1963. He is now "throwing little harpoons into your gray matter" on radio station KEZY-AM in Anaheim every morning. Now conser­ vative Orange County residents can wake up to the mellow sounds of Leary's stream of consciousness: "We've raised the feeling-good quotient 43 per- ent. .. . The orgasm rate is climbing. .. . Your brain is a gland of 30 billion cells that want to be amused; they want to be fondled; they want to be shocked.. .. I've knocked out death and dealt a lot of dope here. . .. been kinda laid back." | Christian speaks in Harlem Edward Christian, assistant to the medical examiner of Philadelphia, was a featured speaker at a meeting in East Harlem in New York City, co-sponsored by the Firs Methodist Hispanic Church and the National Anti-drug Coaliton last Nov. 9. Fifty people attended, including representatives from nine churches of the United Methodist Hispanic Association. Speaking with Dr. Christian was Fernando Oliver of the New York-New Jersey Anti-Drug Coalition, and Rev. Thomas of the First Methodist Hispanic Church. Dr. Christian, a columnist for War on Drugs magazine, used slides to demonstrate the deadly effects of drugs. He attacked the myth that marijuana does not kill; the first case he presented was that of a teenager who was killed in a car accident because his perception of distance was altered after using marijuana. Several of the clergy present requested that the presentation be brought into their churches and New York City schools. Fernando Oliver and Rev. Thomas

February 1981 / War on Drugs 7 NATIONAL NEWS Election results Exclusive

uring the presidential primar­ Dies, President-elect Ronald Reagan responded fully to a Na­ The mandate tional Anti-Drug Coalition ques­ tionnaire on drug abuse. We are against drugs reprinting some of his answers, first published in the August 1980 War on Drugs, and we urge anti­ The 1980 election is a sweeping have been passed in 11 states, as drug forces to help make sure mandate against the decriminali­ well as fighting for the restoration these policies are in fact carried zation of marijuana and other of U.S. drug enforcement. out. mind-altering drugs, according to "We have put the presidential a statement released Nov. 5 by the candidates, Congress and many lo­ Q: Do you think the federal gov­ National Anti-Drug Coalition. cal officeholders on the line on this ernment has been aggressive The Coalition pledged that it issue," said Allen Salisbury, acting enough in pursuing investigations would move on the basis of the chairman of the NADC. "Our mag­ into banking and other business Nov. 4 results to reverse the mari­ azine published a list of all the institutions suspected of involve­ juana decriminalization laws that congressmen who had supported ment in financing and transship­ 'decrim' since the last election in ment of illegal narcotics? If not, 1978. And the NADC submitted a how would you use your powers as questionnaire on drugs to the pres­ President to stop international idential candidates, the results of drug traffic? which we published in August. Reagan: No, I do -not think the "The electorate responded to our federal government has been ag­ information and voted against the gressive enough in pursuing inves­ pot lobby, starting with the Presi­ tigations into the overall question dent." of origin, shipment, and marketing The antidrug mandate showed of illegal drugs. ... I would use my up in four areas, Salisbury powers as President to (1) aug­ continued. ment the resources and powers of , the United States Customs and • The Presidency. The Carter other federal law enforcement White House was plagued by co­ agencies to detect the attempted caine and other drug scandals. smuggling of narcotics from Carter appointed members of abroad; (2) apply political and eco­ NORML, the pot legalization lob­ nomic pressures on other nations by, to top government posts in the through appropriate international drug abuse field. agencies for the cessation of drug Reagan in his answers to the traffic; . . . and (3) propose stiff NADC questionnaire categorically new penalties for international ruled out any decriminalization drug trafficking. and said that members of NORML Q: Do you favor what is referred were "entirely unacceptable" for to as decriminalization of mari­ drug abuse posts. juana, hashish, cocaine or other Reagan is also pledged to renew­ mind-altering drugs under state or ing U.S. cooperative programs with federal laws? countries such as Mexico and Col­ Reagan: I am firmly opposed to ombia to eradicate marijuana us­ decriminalization of marijuana, ing the herbicide paraquat. He op­ hashish, cocaine, or other mind-al­ poses the Percy Amendment that tering drugs under state or federal Decrim sponsors defeated in New York: prohibits U.S. funding for para­ Javits (top) and Holtzman. quat programs.

8 War on Drugs / February 1981 ploying paraquat and the initia­ tion of such a program with Col­ ombia? How did you publicly stand or vote on the Percy Amendment which prohibits the herbicide pa­ raquat on marijuana fields? Reagan: I would support resump­ tion of cooperative marijuana eradication programs in Mexico, Colombia, or elsewhere, including their use of paraquat. I oppose the Percy Amendment's prohibition on their use. Q: Do you think that heroin main­ tenance—known as the "British System"—could provide a model for the United States in dealing with the heroin addiction problem here? Reagan: Not enough is known, I believe, about the so-called British System of heroin maintenance to even begin to consider it as a mod­ el for the United States in dealing with the heroin addiction problem here. . . . Does it make any sense Where Ronald Reagan whatever to maintain persons on a dangerous drug when our overall stands on drugs policy goal is to limit or in fact eradicate its use?. . .

Q: What is your conception of a positive culture as an alternative laws. While proponents argue that Q: Do you believe that marijuana to the drug culture? "decriminalization" is not the use is medically harmful? Reagan: My conception of positive same as legalization, it is very Reagan: Recent medical tests have culture as an alternative to the much a step in that direction. indicated that marijuana is medi­ drug culture is one which empha­ cally harmful—the psychoactive sizes the natural ability of human Q: As President, would you con­ agents in marijuana are fat-solu­ beings to function most capably sider appointing individuals asso­ ble (as opposed to those in alcohol, when they are free of debilitating ciated with the National Organi­ which are water-soluble; any com­ substances in any form. It is one zation for the Reform of Marijuana parison with alcohol is inappro­ which stresses the value of the Laws (NORML) to government priate from both a physiological family, individual responsibility, posts in the drug abuse field? and policy point of view); and the and the fact that our youth are one Reagan: The record and views of principal psychoactive agent (Del­ of the most precious resources this those associated with [NORML] ta 9 THC) has been shown—by nation has. The efforts of this na­ are such that, in my view, their researchers at Tulane University— tion should be committed to find­ holding government posts in the to cause significant brain damage. ing ways to affirm and develop drug abuse field would be entirely creatively those resources rather incompatible with the views of the Q: Do you support resumption of than to permit ill-advised destruc­ population generally or the scien­ the cooperative marijuana eradi­ tive forces to become "official poli­ tific world in particular. cation program with Mexico em­ cy."

February 1981 / War on Drugs 9 • The Senate. The incoming chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Strom Thurmond, is NEWS strongly antidrug. It is now con­ sidered unlikely that the criminal The Latin American connection code reform bill S. 1722 authored by the former head of the commit­ tee, Sen. Edward Kennedy, and containing greatly reduced federal marijuana penalties will be consid­ Marijuana cartel ered by the Senate. In the New York Senate race, takes over in Jamaica Senator-elect Alfonse D'Amato de­ feated both Sen. Jacob Javits and Drug traffickers around the world mafia's total takeover of this is­ Rep. Elizabeth Holtzman. Javits, a rejoiced at the conclusion of Ja­ land-nation. Months prior to the member of the NORML adisory maica's elections last Oct. 30: a voting, the drug traffickers had board, introduced decrim bills into totally drug^backed government taken de facto control, flaunting every Senate session for years, and had seized power. their power and violating the law Holtzman was a cosponsor of sim­ Edward Seaga, head of the Ja­ with astonishing impunity. Jamai­ ilar legislation in the House. maican labour Party and an ad­ ca's sovereignty was reduced to a D'Amato had endorsed the mitted practicing voodoo cultist, joke, as dope runners built air­ NADC's campaign to restore funds defeated incumbent Michael Man- strips throughout the countryside, to the Drug Enforcement Admini­ ley, and will become the new prime took over entire segments of the stration. minister. Seaga is backed by the $1 economy, and engaged in wild billion-per-year marijuana trade, shootouts with the military— • House of Representatives. The and drug circles internationally which the military lost. National Anti-Drug Coalition say that full legalization of not But beyond the fact that another hailed the defeat of Rep. Andrew just consumption but the trading country has fallen to the interna­ Maguire of New Jersey, who along of marijuana is imminent. tional dope trade, there is an even with Rep. Holtzman had been a The election results merely put more serious threat to the United cosponsor and leading advocate of the finishing touch on the dope States. If Seaga follows through decriminalization, by antidrug conservative Republican Marge Roukema.

• Chicago Illinois State Senator Richard Daley, Jr., son of the for­ mer mayor, won a hotly contested race for Cook County state's attor­ ney against Republican incumbent Bernard Carey. Daley, a Democrat, had attacked Carey for failing to prosecute drug and gang related crimes in Chicago, and issued a 7- point program to fight drugs em­ phasizing law enforcement.' The Daley victory is likely to have national repercussions, since it unseats a member of the liberal wing of the Republican Party as­ sociated with Sen. Charles Percy of Illinois. Percy, the author of the Percy Amendment which Reagan opposes, is said to be in line to take over the chairmanship of the Sen­ ate Foreign Relations Committee. "We would not like to see Percy Members c\f Jamaica's Security Forces seize a marijuana field during Operation in that post," War on Drugs editor Buccaneer, a joint program with U.S. narcotics agencies, during the mid-1970s. Hamerman said. The new S^aga government intends to legalize exports of the drug.

10 War on Drugs / February 1981 on his promise to legalize mari­ strated vividly who was winning juana exports, the stage will be set the long-term battle. for the overthrow of the 1961 Single Emergency operations against Convention, the treaty signed by known clandestine airstrips were more than 120 nations that bans ordered, and within a week some drug trafficking. 28 illegal landing sites in different As War on Drugs reported last parts of the country were de­ December, the dope mob is just stroyed by Security Forces. Air­ waiting for some small Third strips run from the most sophisti­ World country to legalize, setting a cated to the simple conversion of a precedent for Colombia, the larg­ country road into a landing site as est pot exporter in the world. U.S. "Men at Work" signs are thrown up legalization would not be far off. to block traffic. One senior U.S. drug intelligence The incident in St. Elizabeth's, official told War on Drugs that if however, revealed more than the Jamaica violates the Single Con­ extent of the drug problem facing vention, that would set a precedent Jamaica: the battle occurred on for countries like Colombia." one of the vast estates of the Ethi­ opian Coptic Zion Church, a cult 'Free enterprise' operation which claims marijuana Seaga's victory over incumbent as their "sacrament" in religious Michael Manley has been hailed by ceremonies. press and politicians alike in most The Coptics run their self-con­ of the United States as a victory of tained cult operation as a virtual "free enterprise" over "socialism," empire within the country, control­ and thus a strengthening of U.S. ling politicians as well as the econ­ interests in the Caribbean. omy. "The Coptics are getting very The only "free enterprise" Seaga rich, buying up real estate, a su­ represents, however, is the power­ permarket, a trucking firm, etc.," ful nexus of drug, gambling, and Prime Minister Edward Seaga admits wrote a Wall Street Journal corre­ financial interests who run Jamai­ he is a practicing cultist. spondent at the end of September. ca's massive marijuana trade. "And the word around Kingston is Legalization of internal con­ drug trade has permeated every that if you badly need U.S. dollars sumption of marijuana has been a economic and political aspect of to buy, say, a spare part for your leading point of the Jamaican La­ Jamaica. factory, you probably won't get bour Party's program for months, Last Sept. 14, policemen guard­ them from the government, but as an important part of the pro­ ing a small plane that was seized you can certainly get them ... by gram for economic "salvation" on suspicion of marijuana traffick­ going through a Coptic connec­ Seaga and his team of economic ing were suddenly attacked from tion." advisers have drawn up. the ground and the air in a rural Edward Seaga is well qualified The center of the program is to town in St. Elizabeth's parish. for presiding over such chaos and turn Jamaica into another Para­ Gunfire erupted from the bushes lawlessness. The long-favored can­ dise Island tourist haven, attract­ alongside the plane, while another didate of the International Mone­ ing tourists by offering everything small airplane machine-gunned tary Fund, which is counting on from casinos to "getting stoned in the policemen from the air. Imme­ the new prime minister to repay the sun." Jamaican Tourist Board diately as the police fled, the at­ Jamaica's debts with marijuana spokesman John Issa hailed Sea­ tacking plane landed, a pilot ran money, Seaga is a kook. As War on ga's victory immediately as the from it to the seized aircraft and Drugs (November 1980) document­ way to bring Jamaica's tourist in­ both small planes took off and dis­ ed, Seaga personally practices the come alone up to $500 million. appeared. "black arts" and voodoo, which he Last July, Seaga's cousin and That incident shook Jamaica. studied from his earliest days as a leading economic adviser, Winston Literally hundreds of small planes Harvard-trained sociologist. He Mahfood, who heads the powerful have been landing, loading bales of also spent two years studying voo­ Jamaican Manufacturing Associa­ marijuana, and leaving for the doo in Haiti under the guidance of tion, took to the stump with the United States with virtual impun­ a famous French "medium." demand that marijuana dollars ity in recent months. But banner He is the perfect prime minister themselves be legalized. headlines on the drug traffickers for a country thrust back to the One incident before the elections battling, and defeating, Jamaica's dark ages. in particular epitomizes how the Security Forces (army) demon­ —Gretchen Small

February 1981 / War on Drugs 11 A seized prop airliner, above, converted for hauling dope from Latin America. While the U.S. faces an ever-increasing tide of drug traffic, the collapse in interdiction has left American shores wide open, as indicated in the chart below.

Marijuana seizures Record drug crop by federal agencies* headed for US. (millions of pounds) According to a secret government in 1979, and its estimated value intelligence report, the largest was placed at $21 billion. marijuana crop in history was In addition to the record mari­ ready for? harvest in mid-October juana harvest, over one million in Central and South American pounds of Colombia's 1979 crop countries. The report, leaked to the were reportedly moved out of the Atlanta Constitution, stated that country's interior last fall, up to over 55,(1)00 acres of marijuana the Guajira Peninsula, which is were cultivated in Colombia alone. the major jumpoff point for South A large harvest is also expected in American drugs being smuggled Jamaica, and the classified report into the U.S. indicated that there were signifi­ In a report issued by the Nation­ cant marijuana crops grown for al Narcotics Consumer Estimates the first time in Brazil, Belize and Committee, it was stated that 80 several other Central American percent of the marijuana harvest­ •April-September period countries! The 1980 record mari­ ed in Latin America will be smug­ Source: DEA juana crdp was reportedly 10 per­ gled into the United States. The cent larger than the amount grown report estimated that approxi-

12 War on Drugs / February 1981 i

mately 10,000 metric tons will come from Colombia and about 1,000 metric tons from Jamaica. NEWS

The Florida connection The European connection Drug smuggling aircraft—pre­ dominantly twin-engine Beech- craft and AeroCommanders, the preferred craft of the smugglers— are flooding into Florida airports Chinese heroin ring as pilots compete to get a jump on pot shipments to fill the traditional surfaces in Portugal summer shortages in the market. Paul Gagnon of the Boward Recent drug arrests in Portugal moves by Sa Carneiro to derail the County, Fla. Office of Planning has are threatening to uncover what ongoing heroin investigation, an­ told the press that drug smuggling narcotics officials there are calling other connection surfaced impli­ is a "big industry" for Florida. a major international heroin ring cating his government. On Oct. 1, Gagnon described the smuggling that could involve the govern­ O Diario cited Judicial Police as a "basic industry" that "brings ments of the People's Republic of sources who stated that a well- money in," and whose "greatest China and elements of the Portu­ known industrialist who finances effect is in retail trade and ser­ guese regime. the political parties backing the vices," two of the staples of the Twelve individuals have been ar­ prime minister is the key financial country's economy. rested since last September, two of backer of the heroin ring. His In 1979, Miami real estate econ­ whom are agents in Portugal's name, however, has not been re­ omist Charles Kimball told a U.S. Center for Drug Investigation and leased in order not to jeopardize Senate subcommittee that the Control (CICD). A third was de­ the continuing case. drug traffickers have caused an scribed by authorities as a mem­ average $2,000 increase in the ber of the Portuguese Air Force, The Macao link price of southern Florida housing. and three others are Chinese resi­ The Chinese connection to the Although it is difficult to get a dents of the Portuguese colony of Portuguese ring has important im­ precise dollar figure on the total Macao, near Hong Kong. plications for international intelli­ worth of the smuggling industry, Drug enforcement experts in the gence officials. "Old hand" analysts police seizures can provide a clue. United States have long consid­ have insisted since the 1950s that In 1979, an estimated $500 million ered Macao a prime outlet for her­ Red China is.the primary control­ in drugs were confiscated by police oin from Red China. ler of the source of world heroin. in Boward County alone. The involvement of CICD agents But this view has been purged and Air Force personnel points to from the official U.S. "line" since Federal enforcement curtailed involvement of a certain faction in Henry Kissinger took over the In previous years, the Drug En­ Portuguese politics linked to the State Department in the early forcement Administration, U.S. prime ministe, Francisco de Sa 1970s. Customs and the Coast Guard all Carneiro, according to the daily O The link to Macao, however, joined to mount major offensives Diario. leaves little doubt of Chinese in­ against the drug smugglers during The arrest of the two corrupt volvement. Macao is a Portuguese the traditional harvest periods. CICD agents was made by the Ju­ colony in name only, according to However, last fall, only Customs dicial Police, which also has re­ veteran intelligence experts. This planned a large enforcement effort sponsibility over narcotics mat­ arrangement works to China's involving aircraft and radar instal­ ters, and a bitter dispute has ari­ trafficking advantage, so much so lations to counter the increased sen between the two agencies. The that when Portugal offered to give smuggling activity. The DEA ap­ CICD is controlled by the Council Macao to the Peking regime a few parently did not plan a major of­ of Ministers, which is under the years ago, China said thanks, but fensive and the Coast Guard, so prime minister, whereas the Judi­ no thanks. burdened by the Carter admini­ cial Police are deployed by the The current governor of Macao, stration with handling the Cuban Public Security Police under Gen. in fact, is an official liaison to the and Haitian refugee problems, was Lopes Alves. Shortly after the her­ Chinese Communist Party, one overextended and unprepared to oin arrests, Lopes Alves was re­ China expert told War on Drugs. match the invasion of ships used moved from his post, under pres­ Hong Kong, he said, is the capital in smuggling the drugs. sure from Sa Carneiro. of heroin traffic, but Macao is not —Marilyn James Besides the rather obvious far behind.

February 1981 / War on Drugs 13 NEWS Law enforcement

State narcotics officials prepare to burn "home grown" marijuana confiscated under Operation Sinsemilla.

i !• Crackdown on California pot crop California law enforcement agen­ Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement, largest crop. Some list it as high as cies, led by State Attorney General told the press that he hoped this third or fourth and estimate it George Deukmejian, have declared year to triple last year's 522 raids grosses between $500 million and war on the state's marijuana grow­ against pot farms. He also de­ $1 billion. ers. Employing the combined ca­ clared that the military-style com­ Despite the commitment of lo­ pabilities of local, state, and fed­ bined aerial surveillance and over­ cal law enforcement officials, the eral agencies, they are conducting land raids have created paranoia growers are protected by a coterie hundreds of raids, seizing thou­ among long-time cultivators in of lawyers and corrupt district at­ sands of pounds of marijuana, and Mendocino and Humboldt, two of torneys, not to mention a governor making scores of arrests against the most notorious of the pot- whose pro-pot policies are well an illicit activity that is expected growing rural counties. known. to gross between $500 million to a "Along the North Coast," Hel­ In Mendocino County, a sparsely billion dollars a year. sley assejrted, "we think we've populated rural county where the Operation Sinsemilla, named nipped it in the bud." pot crop is expected to gross $150 after the strain of marijuana plant million, the district attorney, Joe being grown, is a million-dollar Paraquat needed Allen, is in favor of legalization of program. It employs the resources Marijuana growing is so wide­ pot growing. "If you don't want of the California State Bureau of spread in other areas, however, people to make huge profits," he Narcotics Enforcement, local po­ that Helsley says the only effec­ told one reporter, "legalize it, then lice departments, and the federal tive way to deal with it would be it will be like sunflower seeds. I've Drug Enforcement Administra­ through the use of paraquat and told the legislature, I've told the tion and the Customs Bureau. assistance from the Army and attorney general." The campaign was launched fol­ Navy to supply manpower, planes, Allen merely gives the growers lowing the defeat of a case by the and intelligence. "If they could a "slap on the wrist, a little more growers before the State Supreme give us helicopters, AWACS radar serious than a traffic ticket." Al­ Court attempting to force law en­ surveillance planes like those sent len, who is married to the publish­ forcement agencies to stop con­ to Saudi Arabia, and the U-2, we er of the local underground news­ ducting aerial surveillance of pot could really do some harm." paper, when asked whether he farmers for "environmental" rea­ A confidential Drug Enforce­ smoked dope replied: "Rumor has sons. ment Administration report lists it I smoke dope." Steve Helsley, chief of the state's marijuana as California's tenth —Dean Andromidas

14 War on Drugs / February 1981 The cultural basis for susceptibility to drugs by Lyndon H. LaRouche

ecently, I was pleasantly sur­ news from Rome was as unexpect­ cluding the panicked reaction this R prised to hear report of state­ ed as it was pleasing. work has already evoked from Der ments on the growing drug prob­ I would prefer that Catholics Spiegel and other supporters of lem by Father General of the Soci­ continue to join with the efforts of drug lobby propaganda interna­ ety of Jesus Pedro Arrupe. the Anti-Drug Coalitions in var­ tionally. Speaking at the Synod of Bish­ ious countries, so that the effort There are two key points no ops in Rome on Oct. 15, Father might be made ecumenical with antidrug effort should omit. First­ General Arrupe echoed the warn­ respect to both religious and secu­ ly, as the results of the Carter ings of the U.S. National Anti- lar forces, and thus more effective. administration's softness on drugs Drug Coalition. He warned of the However, the creation of a distinct have shown, the effort must be financial interests behind the Catholic olrgariization is useful, if explicitly political, and must be growing international drug traf­ it is created and developed in ad­ targeted by name on the enemy ficking, and of the need to attack dition to participation in more ecu­ forces of both the drug lobbies as the spread of drug culture, in call­ menical efforts with ministers, well as the politically powerful fi­ ing for a Catholic organization to rabbis, Islamic imams, as well as nancial interests which have con­ mobilize its forces against the evil secular groupings. The latter, more tinued to coordinate the interna­ of drugs. ecumenical form, is needed for a tional drug traffic since the British Although associates of the Fath­ broadly effective effort. The expe­ East India Company first became er General have collaborated with rience of the U.S.A.'s National prominently notorious in this con­ the National Anti-Drug Coalition's Anti-Drug Coalition has demon­ nection. Secondly, the effort must efforts during a recent period, the strated this in several ways, in­ expose as variously incompetent or

The author, second from left, in discussion vnth participants at the NADC founding convention, 1979. "Ecumenical efforts with ministers, rabbis, Islamic imams, as well as secular groupings . . . [are] needed for a broadly effective effort."

16 War on Drugs / February 1981 liars those who attempt to attrib­ ute the drug problem to the conse­ quences of "industrial society." It is the second of these prob­ lems on which I focus attention. The drug addict, or member of the "drug culture" more generally, is characteristically a representa­ tive of the existentialist current in practiced philosophy, and hence lo- catable within the "Inferno" of Dante Alighieri's Commedia. Fur­ thermore, the historical precedent for the modern drug culture is the Phrygian cult of Dionysus, which combined rock-like orgiastic danc­ ing, psychotropic intoxication, ter­ rorist assassinations, and anti- technology bucolic utopianism, ex­ actly as the modern "environmen­ talist" drug-culture does. It is intrinsic to this character­ istic of the drug culture that it is directly opposite to the character­ istic features of the industrial-cap­ italist development. The epitome of industrial-capitalist develop­ ment is the scientist, the engineer, the skilled parascientific specialist or technician, and the skilled in­ dustrial workman. All these are . characteristically rational, and lo­ cate their social importance in the "We must re-establish true education." Above, students demonstrate a three- development and the protection of dimensional model of the Desargues triangle theorem in projective geometry. their rational mental powers. It is to be granted that mindless, perhaps industrial society as such (SOE), have introduced thus the repetitive labor, and prolonged un­ creates susceptibility to drug cul­ spread of the rock-drug counter­ employment, tend to degrade the ture. culture. personality, through de-emphasis Whence, then, comes the adoles­ Looking at the matter of susc°n- on the practical importance of ra­ cent child's susceptibility to the tibility to the drug pusher and the tional powers of the mind. How­ influence of the drug pusher? An child's drug-pushing peer group ever, the unskilled workman as­ examination of the ancient cult of members further, we know from pires to become semiskilled and, Dionysus shows us the direction in close study of the emergence of the hopefully, either skilled or a tech­ which to seek the modern answer. drug culture during the 1960s that nician. The family of the unskilled It is indicated by medical re­ the influence of the "New Left" and workman sacrifices consciously to search that "rock music" has bio­ its anarchist ideology contributed the purpose that the children of logically damaging effects on men­ to drug usage potential in a very his household might secure a bet­ tal potential analogous to drug specific fashion. By denying that ter education, and become skilled usage. The promotion of pornog­ nations had proper purposes, and workmen or even professionals. raphy and sodomy is a correlated that the individual in society In general, but for generous so­ problem. These instrumentalities, should therefore adopt no future- cial welfare programs and crimes, which have been injected willfully oriented, fruitful purpose of his or the existentialist world outlook is into society by agencies centered her own life, the existentialist doc­ not a successful "survival adapta­ around the psychological warfare trine of the "now" generation was tion" for industrial-capitalist cul­ center for British secret intelli­ proliferated. ture, and is not therefore a product gence, the London Tavistock Insti­ In other words, by playing upon of the industrial-capitalist impulse tute, with aid of other, continuing the potential resistance of children within society. elements of the wartime British to the authority of parents, by It is absurd to conjecture that "Special Operations Executive" rejecting rationality in favor of the

February 1981 / War on Drugs 17 existentialist "now," and by pro­ moting rock and pornography, agencies connected to the contin­ NADC cultural initiative uation of the drug-trafficking Brit­ ish East India Company created the potential susceptibility which was exploited on the combined ini­ tiative of Aldous Huxley and asso­ ciates, intersecting the deploy­ ment of retailer traffickers in ser­ vice of the international drug traffic. The "Year of the Child" stands exposed nakedly as an element in promoting the potential increase of drug usage among children, as does the so-called reform of edu­ cation in directions typified by the Let's make proposals of the Frankfurt School. Drug addiction is not a sociolog­ ical phenomenon of "industrial so­ ciety." Its potential was cultivated great music by powerful influential agencies, and the problem was created as the international drug traffickers popular again deployed networks of drug pushers at rock concerts and other loca­ by Peter Wyer tions to convert that potential for f millions of adolescents in school orchestra programs to im­ drug addiction into actual drug America are to be rescued from mediately restore the level of or­ addiction. destroying their own creative in­ chestral activity in the school sys­ We are faced with four categori­ tellectual faculties with mind-al­ tem to that of the 1950s and early cal tasks. tering substances, the environ­ 1960s. Ultimately, every public 1) Use of law enforcement and ment generated by that drug-pro­ school of enrollment of 500 stu­ intelligence operations, with full moting indecency known as rock dents or more should have a 60- support of courts and legislatures, and disco must be offset through a piece orchestra capable of per­ to detect and destroy every arm of major scaling up of the perform­ forming works by Haydn and Moz­ the international drug traffic, and ance and teaching of classical mu­ art and the easier movements to enforce the principle of law en­ sic in the public schools. from Beethoven's symphonies, and forcement that the individual who This is the determination of the a chorus capable of singing poly­ uses drugs is spreading an epidem­ leadership of the National Anti- phonic music. ic against the fabric of society. Drug Coalition, which will draft To meet this demand, speciaL. 2) Education to bring hatred federal legislation to provide for attention will have to be given to against the evil of the rock-pornog­ such an expansion as part of a expanding programs of string raphy and related existentialist comprehensive antidrug package teaching in the school system and poisons as catalysts for spread of over the coming months. Such a to motivating children to learn drug addiction. program will not only provide a strings and other orchestral in­ 3) Medical therapy for the drug musical environment in the public struments. victim, but excluding the introduc­ school system conducive to the The basis for such motivation tion of Tavistockian so-called ther­ study of science and other chal­ must be the integration of the apy techniques in the misused lenging subjects. It will help to set teaching of music into the core name of "therapy." a standard that will allow a shift public school curriculum at the 4) Re-establishment of develop­ in popular sentiment away from classroom level. Although few, if ment of true education in schools, the drug counterculture to effect a any, music teachers in the school emphasizing both scientific and return td pre-1930s standards of system are presently competent to prescientific requirements of all morality in popular music. provide the kind of rigorous intro­ students, together with emphasis A major feature of the legisla­ duction to the elements of contra­ on classical music, classical litera­ tive progfam to be drafted will be puntal music in the well-tempered ture, and classical visual arts as the provision of federal subsidies system which is ultimately re­ builders of the powers of mind. for a rapid expansion of public quired, a return to the long stand-

18 War on Drugs / February 1981 "Fbr reasons having nothing to do with aesthetic judgment, it is the duty of the public school system to teach the principles and practical skills of classical music in preference to other genres." Left: children learning the 'cello.

radio last fall: "The biggest prob­ lem we face in the fight against drug use among young people is rock music. The kids see the big rock stars as heroes, and this makes taking drugs legitimate for them," He added: "It must be pos­ sible to write better music than this." Following the Martinez inter­ view, several New York area min­ isters came out supporting his at­ tacks on rock, and one claimed to be organizing a public burning of rock record collections by mem­ bers of his parish. The National Anti-Drug Coali­ tion's mobilization of national op­ ing traditional emphasis on part Part of the funds needed to put position to the fraudulent video singing, including simple rounds this program into immediate ef­ series "From Jumpstreet" being and canons, together with an ele­ fect should come through a repeal promoted by Public Broadcasting mentary history of music history, of the Emergency School Aid Act Service for placement in the na­ will effect a vast improvement in of 1972 and the liquidation of the tion's schools has similarly dem­ the short term over what is cur­ division of the federal Department onstrated the wide popular appre­ rently available in most schools. of Health and Human Services ciation of the connection between This can be supplemented by that bears that name. Disguised as the drug problem and popular cul­ specially prepared video programs a program to smooth the process ture. , for national distribution, the ex­ of racial desegregation in urban Drug use and rock music are pansion of existing resident-artist areas, ESAA's hideously racist common and related symptoms of programs for primary and second­ video series "From Jumpstreet" is a social context in which the larger ary schools, and a general empha­ currently intended to become the portion of an entire generation of sis on live performances and dem­ pretext for the final elimination of young people seems to be defined onstrations during the assembly classical music programs from as "useless eaters" by the decline periods. American schools. in the availability of productive Similarly, the expansion of the employment in the failing econo­ Young People's Concert programs Jazz, rock, & drugs my. The cutbacks in school curric­ by the major symphonies and There is wide acknowledgement ulum of the very disciplines need­ chamber societies can play an im­ among law enforcement officials ed to produce competent scientists, portant role. and a growing percentage of the engineers and other technical peo­ For the longer term, part of the general public that most of what ple further communicates to a federal subsidies for this music has gained acceptance in the last teenager that his creative intellec­ program should include special two decades as "American popular tual faculties are more of a burden funds to allow the experience and music" plays a direct role in pro­ than an asset. expertise of leading professionals moting drug use among adoles­ Every youth currently standing and pedagogues in different spe­ cents. on the street corners of U.S. cities cialty areas of classical music to Julio Martinez, the head of New with his peers smoking pot and be brought to bear on shaping a York Governor Hugh Carey's Divi­ listening to blaring "talk rock" more intensive and far reaching sion of Substance Absues Services, knows deep down what that music basic music curriculum than has said in a widely publicized inter­ has come to mean to him. It is the ever existed in America. view on New York City's WINS cynical image of his own self-de-

February 1981 / War on Drugs 19 structive accommodation to the emerges from the rock-drug expe­ performance of the individual line. reality around him. Both drugs rience converges rapidly on a Because more than one thing is and rock music represent an ado­ frankly criminal outlook. occurring at once, more than one lescent's attempt to resolve the Although champions of rock level of consciousness is appealed conflict between his own inner music and the drug experience to in the listener, while the con­ drive to become a creative adult have claimed that these mental scious mind is fully awake—not and the negating reality presented states represent "expanded" states bludgeoned into insensibility. to him both at home and in school, of consciousness related to artistic Most importantly of all, in great by blocking out the intellectual creativity or profound religious ex­ classical music ideas are devel­ processes of his own mind, even to perience, this is an outrageous lie. oped; a melodic idea is trans­ the point of irreversible damage to The experience associated with formed or superseded in the course his or her mental powers. creating great music or poetry rep­ of the work. The mind is chal­ But the relationship between resents an "altered state of con­ lenged to grasp the relationship rock, disco and drug use is not just sciousness," but of a completely between the original and altered one of association. Such forms of different form, resulting from a form, and between melodic ideas music have the same effect on heightened connection between or­ carried by one voice and the inter­ mental processes as do drugs dered and coherent elements of play of different voices simultane­ themselves. conscious perception and precon- ously. The incessant repetition of frag­ scious phases of mental processes. To fully describe the workings of ments of melody and pounding Drugs and rock music induce a great music requires complex geo­ rhythms reduce the very elements dissociated state of mind border­ metric conceptions of the same or­ of music and language to meaning­ ing on psychosis by obliterating der involved in advanced physical less gibberish. the coherence of the conscious and mathematical problems. A Perform this experiment your­ phase of mental activity, turning fully adequate approach to music self: Repeat the same word over the mind over to a formless sea of education both at the public school and over; it will soon lose any impulses and feelings. Such an in­ and university level would be coherent meaning and become just dividual cannot generally conduct based on a close integration of mu­ a "sound." During the first part of an intelligent conversation, let sic and geometry curricula. this century, psychological warfare alone engage in artistic activity. At the same time, great music experts at Harvard University and exerts its unique influence on men­ elsewhere, who later played an im­ Healing powers tal powers irrespective of whether portant behind the scenes role in of great music the listener is fully cognizant of developing rock music itself, stud­ The peculiar qualities of great the principles upon which it is ied this same phenomenon in the classical rhusic are also accounted based. The quality of emotion elic­ process of perfecting brainwash­ for by scientific psychological prin­ ited in such music is inseparably ing techniques for military and ciples. In this case the music is bound to the excitement of the counterintelligence use. These ex­ organized according to principles intellect; a listener is led by his perts recognized at the time that which work in harmony with the experience of classical music to the kinds of mental states pro­ natural processes of the mind seek knowledge of the principles duced by such techniques are iden­ rather thajn against them. upon which it is based. In turn, tical to drugged states. For one thing, classical music is this becomes a quest to under­ In such a state, the basis of played more softly. This is very stand the inner workings of the all cognitive coherence is under­ important; a low volume invites listener's own mind. mined. The mind is freed from the the conscious mind of the listener task of locating order and meaning to extend itself outward to explore Popular music in the sequence of events before it; the music, j The shearing decibel Popular music can be based on the conscious mind drifts into a levels of rock and disco force not the same principles. Whenever in formless feeling state of raw emo­ only the conscious mind but the history scientific accomplishments tions and sensations. The individ­ very nerve cells in the inner ear to have occurred that bring mankind ual becomes fixated on the mo­ beat a retreat in self-defense. to a higher level of social develop­ ment and loses all objective sensi­ Secondly, classical music is ment, one finds that the better bility to the effect of his behavior based on principles of poetry that genre of popular music serves di­ on others. The only thing "real" is involves the interplay of different rectly to create an expanded audi­ the internal feeling state, over voices. Melodies are frequently di­ ence for the greatest music and which the individual no longer has vided between different voices, in­ culture. control. External events which he strumental or vocal. This kind of Even through the early part of barely registers can "flip" him relationship between voices re­ this century, before Gershwin and from one mood to another. The quires careful attention to intona­ comparable "soft" pornography antisocial self-concept that tion and other refinements of the became accepted, the better popu-

20 War on Drugs / February 1981 lar songs continued to reflect the The foregoing distinctions be­ with aesthetic judgment, it is the musical idiom created a century tween various musical idioms, al­ duty of the public school system as earlier by the art songs of Schub­ though firmly grounded in scien­ a whole to teach the principles and ert and Beethoven. Some of the tific principles, are at the same practical skills of classical music latter, such as Schubert's "Ave time aesthetic judgments. Ulti­ in preference to other genres. Maria," have remained in the pop­ mately one cannot legislate a pref­ Unless one is to view the insti­ ular repertoire even to this day. erence for this or that genre of tution of a public school as a kind Good popular songs are based, music. Rather, one must rely on of "prison without bars," then the though in a less rigorous way, on the capacity to create morality in purpose of having schools is to the same relationship between a population through education equip successive generations of sung melody and contrasting mus­ and political leadership. young people with the skills and ical lines as govern art songs and However, we must insist that ideas they need to master the most classical symphonies. for reasons having nothing to do complex and challenging tasks be­ fore the human race. The most advanced and chal­ lenging development in music oc­ curred in the 18th and 19th centu­ ries, centered around Beethoven, his predecessors and immediate successors. This is not a question of aesthetic judgement, but of sci­ entific fact. Even classical musi­ cians who specialize in the per­ formance or composition of works in the modern style concede that their basic musical education had to be grounded in rigorous study of the classics. No musical compe­ tition jury passes judgment on a performer unless he demonstrates mastery of the classical repertoire. Even the leading jazz performers acknowledge this fact, insofar as they routinely emphasize a back­ ground of classical music studies as evidence for the legitimacy of their jazz improvisations. Therefore, no public school has the right to teach rock music or jazz in lieu of what used to be standard musical education. No school has the right to substitute a jazz or rock band for an orchestra, regardless of what teachers or stu­ dents may think of rock and jazz. No school has the right to accept the ESAA's hideous "From Jump- street" program as a bona fide mu­ sic curriculum. Therefore let the sound of great orchestral music resound in our public school corridors once again. And let our young people be given the knowledge of music in the Well known Dutch violinist Thomas Magyar and Danish-American pianist Bodil course of their primary studies Frolund take a bow after their September 1980 concert sponsored by the Anti- that will allow the most musically Drug Coaltion in Munich, West Germany. Leading professionals in different talented among them to bring specialties of classical music must be drawn in to help shape a basic music greatness to even our popular mu­ curriculum for children. sic once more.

February 1981 / War on Drugs 21 Has the military surrendered in the war against drugs?

Over half of the American troops in Europe are regular drug users. In 1979 alone, the equivalent of half a division of United States soldiers was arrested in West Germany. The Pentagon says that banning dope from the military would be "un- •ealistic." Result: the very fighting capa­ bility of U.S. Armed Forces is in doubt. Dean Andromidas and Elijah Boyd docu­ ment how this situation came about, who is responsible, and what can be done to solve it.

About the authors: Dean Andromidas has written on the military campaigns of Gen. Douglas MacArthur as well as on narcotics matters. Elijah Boyd, a former noncommissioned officer with the Special Forces in Vietnam, is a specialist in counterterrorism. Instead of adopting a "get tough" attitude on drugs in the military as a national priority, the Carter administration codified the creeping liberalization of drug en­ forcement in the military into fed­ eral policy. In March 1979, The White House Office of Drug Abuse Policy of the Executive Office of the President, headed by Lee Do- goloff, issued a policy directive which changed the definition of "drug abuse" from "the illegal, wrongful, or improper use of any narcotic substance, marijuana or dangerous drugs, or the illegal or wrongful possession, transfer or sale of the same . . ." to the follow­ ing: "Drug Absue—The nonthera- peutic use of any psychoactive sub­ stance, to include alcohol or tobac­ co, in such a manner as to adverse­ ly affect some aspect of the user's life, the lives of others, or the community at large."2 For the military command, this approach means that the use of mind-altering illicit drugs in the military is not being stopped; it is being "evaluated" to see if the use of psychotropic substances like hashish, cocaine and heroin are having an "adverse effect" on the performance of military duties. n Nov. 7, 1979, Congresssman "Now we are going to downplay Only after the adverse effects have OBilly Lee Evans of Georgia, at the illegality of drug use, and we been statistically verified, will the a hearing on Drug Abuse in the are going to focus on the behavior­ Defense Department in its current Armed Forces, issued a scathing al consequences. We could do away state of mind be able to justify a attack on the Department of De­ with crime in this country if all we war on drugs. fense for its continued tolerance of had to do was just not make it Nowhere is this total disorienta­ a massive drug problem in all illegal to murder and rob and steal tion more clear than in the state­ branches of the U.S. military. Com­ and do all of that."1 ment of Brig. Gen. Joseph Lutz, menting on a "Concept Paper on With this observation, Con­ the Carter appointee to the posi­ Substance Abuse" issued by the gressman Evans has identified the tion of Director of Human Re­ Defense Department only weeks crucial weakness in the last ten sources Development for the U.S. before the hearings, and which is years' noneffort to deal with an Army. Lutz entered that position in effect today, Evans stated: epidemic drug problem in the in late September 1979, and told "I feel like I am wasting my armed forces. Over the past four the Congressional Task Force on time, and I am wasting these years the Carter administration Drug Abuse in the Armed Forces gentlemen's time by being here, and Secretary of Defense Harold on Nov. 7, 1979: because if nothing is going to be Brown, reflecting the White "We have accepted the fact that done, then we would be better off House's advocacy of the decrimin­ alcohol and drug abuse problems working on something else. ... I alization of marijuana, emphati­ are endemic in our society. As want to finish one other thing cally refused to identify conditions such, we do not believe that total about the concept paper here. It like the 58 percent use of mari­ elimination of the abuse of alcohol looks to me like what we are doing juana and the 15 to 20 percent use and other drugs in the Army is is reducing the drug problem in of hard drugs (including heroin) realistic" (emphasis added). the military by changing the ter­ among U.S. NATO forces in West In line with this "evaluation ver­ minology." Germany as "drug abuse." sus enforcement" view, the major

February 1981 / War on Drugs 23 innovation set forth in the Defense from prosecution if he or she vol­ Drugs, Dr. John Johns, Defense Department's concept paper will untarily enrolls in a drug abuse Department Special Assistant for be the assignment of "one behav­ program; any drug user identified Drug Abuse until his retirement in ioral scientist" for every battalion through random urine analysis September 1979, exposed the basic (600 men) assigned to NATO's Eu­ tests cannot be charged with crim­ dilemma facing the military: if all ropean theater. But as long as the inal drug use regardless of the the drug users in the military were Office of the President and the type of drug identified through the discharged, America would have cabinet departments continue to test; traffickers who are awaiting no military. In his statement to the downplay the illegality of psycho­ trial are not allowed to be separat­ Select Committee Task Force in No­ tropic drugs, and blur the distinc­ ed from tljieir barracks under most vember 1979, Johns was specific: tions between these substances circumstances; unless a drug user "If we develop a capability to and tobacco, or alcohol, there is no has been convicted of trafficking or detect marijuana use through ur­ number of "behavioral scientists" selling drugs, the most punish­ ine tests, how do we want to use that can make a dent in the extent ment he flan receive is an honora­ that capability? Do we want to of drug use in the military. ble discharge with full veteran's aggressively identify all users? If Compounding the problem of benefits. so, what do we do with them? We the executive branch's tolerant at­ Moreover, Congress has failed to cannot punish them,3 so do we titude toward drug abuse, a series enact the legislation that would discharge them? The Strategic Air of legal cases backed by the Amer­ aid the military command in in­ Command adopted a 'get tough' ican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) creasing the penalties for drug policy a little over a year ago. have left commanding officers abuse. In 1978, a bill that would Anyone identified as a drug user helpless in the face of drug users have allowed for a general dis­ was offered the opportunity to at­ and traffickers in the armed forces charge instead of an honorable dis­ tend a 14-day rehabilitation center who flaunt their right to "privacy" charge (a considerable penalty be­ at a centralized location or be dis­ and have been protected by the cause of the loss of veteran's bene­ charged. Of 2,800 persons identi­ Court of Military Appeals (CMA). fits) failed to pass the Congress. It fied, 72 percent were discharged." As the laws presently stand in was not Reintroduced in the next The results of the investigation the military, a drug user in the session. into military drug abuse by War on military has complete amnesty In an interview with 'War on Drugs reveals not only a level of

Judge Albert Fletcher (far right), former chief of the U.S. Military Court of Appeals, has been described as the individual most responsible for the military's inability to enforce laws against narcotics. The charges came from Gen. John Johns, former Special Assistant for drug abuse to the secretary of defense and current faculty member at the Army Industrial College. Under Fletcher, who remains on the three*man court although he is no longer chief judge, countless narcotics offenders and major traffickers had their cases thrown out for alleged violations of civil rights or technicalities. Gen. Johns charged that "particularly the court of appeals" used to be "under the blanket of a very warped judgeship that ^wanted to protect individual rights over everything else. This really tied the hands of the commander. ..." Current Chief Judge Robinson Everette (center) is said to be of a more traditional persuasion. The judge on the left is William Cook.

24 War on Drugs / February 1981 drug abuse that•approaches the worst conditions of the Vietnam War period, but more seriously, a systematic coverup of the magni­ tude of the problem. Most officials who were asked for interviews, in­ cluding General Lutz and the of­ ACLU: drugs and 'rights' fice of Defense Secretary Harold Brown, refused to grant inter­ In late 1978, the Department of Defense issued a severe reprimand views on the question of drug to the Air Force Office of Special Investigation (OSI) for that abuse and opted to reiterate infor­ enforcement body's efforts to identify users of psychotropic drugs mation which had been provided among civilian contract personnel and enlisted personnel on U.S. to Congress over one year ago. The Strategic Air Command bases. According to the Defense Depart­ policy of the Defense Department ment, the OSI had violated the "civil rights" of the personnel by also reflects the desire to sweep informing them that the questions on marijuana use were related the problem under the rug—there to a "national security" investigation. has been no general survey of drug After the reprimand, the American Civil Liberties Union abuse in the military since 1974 initiated a law suit against the Air Force on behalf of the 23 when random urine analysis tests civilian employees who had lost their security clearance for were discontinued because they admitting to drug use. All but five were reinstated in their top were "not cost-effective." security clearance posts. The case is illustrative of the destruction of law enforcement in the U.S. military over the past decade, led by an ACLU legal offensive. The campaign started with the rights Drug epidemic in armed forces of military men to participate in antiwar protests in the 1960s, In 1976, the research budget of including those that overtly supported North Vietnam. the Walter Reed Army Hospital, In 1968, Sen. Sam Ervin, the North Carolina Democrat later of which was about to begin an eval­ "Watergate" fame, introduced an amendment to the Uniform uation of the effects of drug use on Code of Military Justice enabling a soldier to obtain a civilian performance, was dramatically lawyer for court martial offenses. The door was opened for cut. The cuts have not been rein­ numerous cases where it was argued that military discipline stated. In spite of this, top Defense violates First and Fifth Amendment rights. Department officials continue to In 1970, Captain Curtis R. Smothers was appointed to the insist that the effect of drug abuse Army's Military Court in Europe, and quickly established that on combat readiness is "minimal." "equal opportunity" had higher authority than the military brass. As of 1980, the only recent statis­ In one celebrated case in December 1970, Smothers dragged tics existing on the extent of drug General J. H. Polk, the Commanding General of the U.S. Army in use are the results of a survey in Europe, before higher-ups for a reprimand on Polk's alleged West Germany conducted gy the failure to uphold Army regulations against "racism." Under Select Committee Task Force on pressure, Polk resigned his post. Drug Abuse in the Military in a As of Sept. 30, 1975, DoD Directive 1332.14, enclosure 2, para­ several-week tour of NATO bases graph F stated that an honorable discharge be issued to a service in Europe. Their findings paint a member for personal abuse of drugs when the discharge is based grim picture: on evidence developed as a direct or indirect result of an urinaly­ • 58.1 percent of U.S. troops in sis test administered for detection of drug abuse, or by a service Europe are using cannabis (pri­ member's volunteering for treatment for a drug problem. marily hashish) on a regular basis. This directive resulted from U.S. v. Ruiz, which ruled that Over half of these admit to smok­ identification of a drug user through urine analysis was a viola­ ing while on duty. Daily users are tion of Fifth Amendment rights to not incriminate oneself. 16 percent, and 26.1 percent use In 1976, U.S. v. Roberts, 39 USCMA 25, 54 CMR 39 (1976) hashish several times a week. provided the basis for throwing out drug prosecutions entirely: a • There is a staggering 10.3 per­ service member could argue that a cache of drugs found during cent of heroin usage among U.S. an inspection of barracks was not legal evidence. troops in Europe. Over 8 percent Through institutions like the Military Discharge Review Proj­ are using heroin at least once a ect of the ACLU, and the Lawyers Military Defense Committee week, or more regularly. Adding to based in Heidelberg, West Germany, the ACLU is actively recruit­ the problem is that the heroin sup­ ing service members to bring suits against the military around ply in West Germany has been the "right to privacy" applying to every area from drug use to the determined to be up to 10 times "right" to be a homosexual in the military. more pure than heroin generally obtained in the United States.

February 1981 / War on Drugs 25 • Cocaine, a relatively new phe­ Drugs. Byt several cases confirm nomenon for troops in Europe, is that the military drug runners are used by 9.4 percent of the troops, directly involved in supplying the but the availability is rapidly ris­ civilian papulation with drugs. On ing. From 1978 to 1979, seizures of June 1, 1980, a drug ring in Karls­ cocaine doses (in grams) increased ruhe led by a 1st Lt. William Cur­ from 2,808 to 25,177 according to ry out of the military quarters statistics provided by the U.S. Air there was cracked. The group con­ Force Headquarters in Europe. sisted of 12 members, including an • The use of depressants, in­ unidentified woman, and was re­ cluding barbiturates which have sponsible for smuggling 35 pounds been provent to be deadly when of drugs from Amsterdam. The mixed with alcohol, is at 12.9 per­ Amsterdam-West German connec­ cent. Meanwhile, 3.6 percent of tion is known as one of the major U.S. troops are regular users of supply routes for high-grade hero­ amphetamines, and another 7.3 in from Southeast Asia's Golden percent are using hallucinogens in­ Triangle. cluding LSD, peyote, and PCP. Only 10 days later, on June 10, It becomes apparent that these another d^rug ring in Heidelberg, finds represent a national security made up of 55 U.S. soldiers, was crisis when one realizes that sol­ busted for dealing in heroin and diers are popping pills, snorting other drugs worth $1.8 million on cocaine and smoking hashish while the street. In July, 1979, Army law repairing sophisticated aircraft enforcement officers raided a clan­ and manning national security fa­ destine laboratory in West| Berlin, cilities, including nuclear installa­ where U.S. military personnel had tions. Moreover, major drug traf­ manufactured over 24 million dos­ ficking networks exist throughout es of LSD. The Army estimated military bases, representing in the value of drugs seized in that some cases organized crime gangs raid at $74 million. that threaten and undermine the This situation has led to in­ chain of command on which a com­ creased strain with U.S. NATO al­ petent military capability de­ lies. One officer in the West Ger­ pends. man army, the Bundeswehr, put it In 1979, (up through Sept. 30) this way: "The American soldiers the U.S. Army Criminal Investiga­ here are mercenaries really. In tions Division (CID) reported sei­ fact, spiritually and mentally they zures of $139.6 million in illicit are poor mercenaries at that. As drugs, with 95 percent ($133.3 mil­ for the officers, we think they lion) of this amount seized in West­ could do something about the drug ern Europe. Anyone who attempts problem if they really wanted to." to claim that the U.S. Army is only using "soft drugs" or that the Does the U.S. have armed forces are not involved in a fighting force? large-scale trafficking must face There are two major situations the fact that 50,960 grams of hero­ to consider in recognizing the full in with a street value of over $51 hideousness of the drug epidemic million, were seized from soldiers in the armed forces. The first is the in Western Europe last year. In present superiority of the Soviet West Germany, the front line of armed forces in Europe, where the NATO defense, the U.S. military smaller number of U.S. troops of has become one of the largest, best the notoriously pathetic All Volun­ organized drug trafficking net­ teer Army has a 58 percent rate of works. Last year, 8,875 soldiers— use of psychotropic drugs. The sec­ Top: Former NATO commander Alexander more than one half of an Infantry ond is the experience of the drug Haig chats with a Dutch soldier. Above: division—were arrested for drug epidemic of the Vietnam War peri­ Gen. Lutz, who told Congress that imping offenses. od, when over 50 percent of U.S. out drugs is "unrealistic. "Right: Secretary Most of the case histories were troops were using marijuana and of Defense Harold Brown, who says the not made available to War on 28.5 percent were using heroin. military must adjust to drug use.

26 War on Drugs / February 1981 In a report issued by Executive smaller number of troops whose Intelligence Review entitled, "The level of technological skills enable Erosion of U.S. Military Capabil­ them to wield firepower far more ity," in early 1980, author Susan sophisticated and powerful than Welsh writes, "The United States their relatively small forces would armed forces today are less capa­ suggest. ble of fighting and winning a war With drugs pandemic in the than any peacetime armed forces armed forces, no such situation this nation ever had. Under the exists. regime of the 'All-Volunteer Force,' The U.S. strategic defense sector between 10 and 20 percent of includes a network of nuclear war­ troops in Europe are on heroin or head-carrying intercontinental cocaine, with a much larger per­ ballistic missiles, both land- and centage of habitual users of hash­ sea-based, as well as nuclear- ish or marijuana; 25 percent are armed bombers which together classed by the Army as 'problem form the Strategic Air Command drinkers.' The average recruit (SAC). This is backed up by an reads at a fifth grade level, and 60 extensive satellite-based warning percent of recruits are rated 'below and guidance system, which rep­ average' in the Army's mental ap­ resents the most sophisticated titude tests ..." technological system seen any­ "If war were to break out in where in the U.S. economy. Europe, one full reserve division One can hardly conceive of a (18,000 men) could be sent over "pothead" or any other drug user from the United States within ten getting near such facilities. The days; the next soldier, however, Department of Defense claims this would not arrive for 180 days."4 would be impossible and cites the In mere numbers, the American Personnel Reliability Program troop deployment is vastly inferior with its rigid guidelines as protec­ to the Warsaw Pact. U.S. armed tion for screening drug users. Yet forces in Western Europe number only last February (1980), 23 secu­ four divisions with 193,000 men rity police at the Cheyenne Moun­ and women (including support per­ tain facility of the North American sonnel), while the Soviet Union is Air Defense Command (NORAD) deploying 31 divisions and over were stripped of their security 300,000 troops (Soviet divisions are clearance for using drugs. In 1976, numerically smaller than U.S. 1,474 military personnel out of Army divisions). The Soviets also 115,855 selected for this program to maintain more armor and artillery man nuclear programs had to be than the United States at a ratio transferred to nonsecurity pro­ of three to one. One must also grams because of drug use. remember that over one-half of a The Air Force Office of Security division in U.S. soldiers was arrest­ Investigations in 1978 identified ed in 1979 for drug possession and marijuana users not only among trafficking cases. junior enlisted personnel, but On the level of strategic doc­ among officers and civil personnel trine, the U.S. forces are in even assigned to top security installa­ worse condition. American mili­ tions of the National Security tary doctrine today, the result of Agency, installations where sur­ the work of "utopian" military veillance satellites as well as early thinkers like "cost-efficiency" fa­ warning systems are monitored. natic Robert McNamara in the 1961- 62 period, is predicated on "flexible Naval horror story response" and "limited nuclear In the U.S. Navy—the most pow­ war" capabilities against the Sovi­ erful and sophisticated in the et Union. Quite apart from the world—ground crews service jet issue of whether this doctrine has aircraft while smoking pot, pop­ any credibility, on its own terms it ping pills and snorting cocaine. depends on the superiority of a These charges were not made by a

February 1981 / War on Drugs 27 muckraking reporter but by a cap­ We only have to look at the ex­ Pentagon today. The memoirs re­ tain of the Navy, commander of perience of the Vietnam War to late a confidential statement by four destroyers and a cruiser. detect the stench of a coverup in Chou en-Lai to Nasser in 1965: Captain Raymond E. Helms, the Defense Department's insist- "Some of them (U.S. troops in frustrated by the Navy Depart­ ance that effect on combat per­ Vietnam) are trying opium. And ment's inaction, felt compelled to formance will be "minimal^. we are helping them. ... Do you write in the Naval Institute's pres­ remember when the West imposed tigious journal, Proceedings, that The Vietnam experience opium on us? They fought us with seven out of ten sailors use drugs The American forces in South­ opium. And we are going to fight on board ship and on shore. He east Asia from 1965 until the pull- them with their own weapons. . . . charged that drug abuse has led to out of troops in 1972 were fighting The effect this demoralization is late sailings, bred a subversive two wars^one a military action, going to have on the United States structure for purchase, transpor­ will be far greater than anyone the second a biochemical war of 6 tation and distribution of drugs, drugs. In Vietnam, where heroin realizes." caused racial tensions, fights and use rose to nearly 30 percent of the For the fate of the American even deaths. Also maintenance of troops by 1970-71, drug use was not armed forces, there was an even ships and their sophisticated air­ a "sociological phenomenon," it more serious problem. In 1961, with craft has suffered immeasurably 5 was a deliberate military tactic the appointment of Secretary of along with watch performance. launched by the leaders of the Peo­ Defense Robert McNamara under In San Diego, the home port of ple's Repiiblic of China. President John Kennedy, "tradi­ the Pacific fleet, dealers can be In 19721 the published memoirs tionalists" in the military who seen peddling drugs right up to the of Egyptian President Nasser ex­ stood by a strict disciplinary code docks. Thomas Angioletti, of the posed that Red Chinese Premier and conventional concepts like San Diego county Narcotics Task Chou en-Lai had a far better grasp firepower, were squeezed out of Force, told the San Diego Union, on the effect that narcotics have on positions of power in the military. "You go downtown on any payday fighting capabilities than does the They were to be replaced by "whiz and you can see them trying to score." The Defense Department's fail­ ure to deal with this level of drug prevalence leaves many disturbing questions. If drugs can be brought onto military bases, what else can be brought in—contraband, bombs, guns? If criminal syndi­ cates of servicemen can prolifer­ ate, what about espionage net­ works or the radical terrorist groups that are known to parallel drug networks? If drug users can get past military screening, what about a terrorist or saboteur? Under Defense Secretary Har­ old Brown, these questions went unanswered—indeed, unasked. The Department of Defense's poli­ cy paper, Cannabis Use, shows that on the issue of marijuana, there was absolutely no commit­ ment or even desire to impose pen­ alties for drug use. Instead, the document said the military must "recognize the change in our social mores regarding the use of canna­ bis . .." and action against an of­ fender "must be tailored to the level of abuse .. . (and) will vary according to the seriousness of the behavior."

28 War on Drugs / February 1981 kids" like McNamara and Kenne­ to American military specialists. psychosis and impaired perform­ dy's national security adviser, The outcome was the development ance. If marijuana were legalized McGeorge Bundy, whose speciali­ of such tactics as McGeorge Bun- here, the potent varieties from ties were not war-winning, but dy's "strategic hamlets," and the places like Vietnam would be in­ "cost-benefit" analysis. emphasis on "special forces" rath­ troduced, and you'd see what we The troops in Vietnam became er than overall training and readi­ saw in Vietnam." In 1980, the can­ guinea pigs for a series of sociolog­ ness of conventional troops. nabis used by troops in Europe is ical/military experiments such as Thus, The United States adopted generally Middle Eastern replacing conventional troops with British colonial counterinsurgency hashish—8 to 10 times more potent small "elite" units. From the top doctrine which had been developed that marijuana available in the brass at the National Security during the Second World War at United States. Kaplan describes Council, the objective of the Viet­ the Tavistock Institute, the head­ the effects of such potent cannabis nam War had little to do with quarters of the British Army's as hallucinogenic, producing "a "total war" winning, but with test­ Psychological Warfare Bureau, trip like LSD." ing theories of "counterinsurgen­ and this policy opened the flood­ Kaplan describes the effects as cy" ground warfare that would fit gates for an unprecedented devas­ "toxic psychosis," a condition in with the emerging doctrine of tation of the troops assigned to the which French colonial forces iden­ "deterrence." Southeast Asian theater. tified from Vietnamese marijuana At a seminar held at the Rand In 1965, drug use was relatively as early as 1830. Contrary to argu­ Corporation in the spring of 1962, limited among U.S. troops in ments that such effects last only British Brigadier General Frank Southeast Asia, and even mari­ about three days, Kaplan found Kitson, an architect of counterin­ juana smokers were ostracized by many patients would remain in a surgency warfare and author of a others in their units. By 1970, schizophrenic state for a prolonged book, Gang and Countergangs, American G.I.s could buy sealed period, requiring them to be sent which elaborated his theories, laid packs of marijuana joints boxed in back to the United States and ulti­ out the prospects of such warfare Winston and Marlboro packages mately removed from service. for $2 from young children on the Many of them, however, man­ streets. Heroin in 150-grain vials, aged to do severe damage before 95 percent pure, was also sold for they were taken out of combat. In $1.50. Opium joints, (called some ways, marijuana is more de­ "O.J.s"), where heroin was sprin­ structive to the military than her­ kled on marijuana and smoked, oin. A heavy heroin user will "nod became one common form of out" and not be able to carry out abuse. any duties, while a marijuana user will have a false sense of euphoria, Marijuana in the army: and actually believe that pot A clinical view "sharpens" his senses. Dr. Joel H. Kaplan, a former Dr. Kaplan relates: army psychiatrist who operated a "When a guy got stoned, he just psychiatric clinic for drug dealers couldn't do his job. We learned of in Vietnam from November 1968 to men on patrol who missed am­ October 1969, provides one of the bushes and got themselves or their most detailed and horrifying clini­ buddies killed. They thought their cal accounts of what marijuana reactions were better under pot, does to the Army. Dr. Kaplan also but in fact they were missing what gave his story to a congressional they should have seen. . .or seeing committee investigating the drug what wasn 't there." problem in Vietnam in 1970. Ten "I heard of one pot-smoking sol­ years later, his descriptions are dier, who when he was at base ignored. camp, picked up his weapon and, "I didn't realize the magnitude convinced that everybody around of drug abuse until I went to Viet­ him was Vietcong, shot a colonel nam," says Dr. Kaplan in an article and several enlisted men coming for Look magazine in 1970. "Mari­ to take his weapon away." juana was the most popular drug "One man told me he had been in Vietnam. I came to feel that it smoking pot on guard suty in the While Henry Kissinger dined in Peking is much more dangerous than DMZ. He decided to make peace with Chou en-Lai (L), his host was pushingwha t we've been led to believe, in with the Vietcong, took off his heroin on U.S. troops in Vietnam. terms of chronic illnesses, toxic shoes and tried to walk across the

February 1981 / War on Drugs 29 barbed wire. His friends pulled tion of drug-influenced subjects for him back... ." study. By 1970, at the recommen­ "We had one patient brought in, dation of one Defense Department in a thoroughly paranoid schizo­ assigned Commission, drug users phrenic state. He was a hospital were given "amnesty." They were medic and had been smoking OJ's. no longer considered criminals, He was found naked in front of his but "sick people" whose drug use quarters, raving that everyone in was a synjiptom of unhappiness. his outfit was out to get him. ..." Users were not to be punished, but These were not isolated in­ treated by counselors. stances, but merely the most dra­ This amnesty program is one of matic representations of an inter­ the greatest contributing factors nal disintegration of the U.S. to the present drug epidemic in the Army. In Vietnam, as in descrip­ military. Many officers believe that tions of present barracks life in it is an "easy out" for enlisted Europe, "potheads" banded togeth­ personnel to leave the military er in gangs against their officers early witjh honorable discharge and NCOs. The "fragging" or as­ and full benefits. "All it takes," sassination of officers by troops in said one ijetired officer, "is for an their command was far more com­ enlisted rtian to volunteer for a mon than in any other war, and drug treatment program, claim to The architects of the All Volunteer Army: many cases were attributable to be 'dependent' and get out. If he's Robert McNamara (top); legalized heroin drugs. Brig. Gen. John Johns considered a poor risk for retrain­ called this experience an "aberra­ ing, has £. history of discipline promoter Milton Friedman (right); and tion of good order, discipline and problems, he'll be out with a full Reagan adviser Martin Anderson, a conduct. The unprecedented use of honorable discharge." "decrim " advocate. The comparative marijuana and heroin led to men strengths of the U.S. and U.S.S.R. show hallucinating on the perimeter." How the military was the results of their policies (below right). The Rand experiments were the destroyed from within extension of the notorious MK-U1- The final death-knell for U.S. tra project: under influence of the military readiness was sounded Tavistock operatives, the U.S. mili­ with the replacement of the draft tary and intelligence agencies by the All Volunteer Force in 1973 since 1947 had been experimenting under President Richard Nixon. with LSD-25 and other psychoac­ Since manjy Americans are hoping tive drugs in a futile search for the that the Ronald Reagan presidency "ultimate" biochemical mind con­ will begin cleaning up the mess in trol agent. As authors Michele and the military, it is our duty to Jeffrey Steinberg described in War underline by way of warning that on Drugs June 1980, it was the Mk- some of the very same personnel Ultra project that created the drug who designed the pernicious All counterculture to begin with. Volunteer Force played prominent When the drug problem became roles as advisers in the 1980 Regan acute in Vietnam, dozens of behav­ presidential campaign. ioral scientists, including Dr. Peter The All Volunteer Force concept Bourne—later Jimmy Carter's was sold to President Nixon be­ drug abuse adviser and a support­ cause the Vietnam disaster meant er of total drug legalization—were that it was becoming virtually im­ cation of the principles of "free dispatched to Southeast Asia to possible to operate the Selective enterprise" to the problem of mili­ study the effects of drugs on the Service Commission anyway. In tary recruitment. What Friedman troops, and the reaction of service­ 1969, Nixon appointed a commis­ means by that term was thrown men to conditions of stress. sion headed by former Secretary into sharp relief recently when he Unlike the more limited MK-U1- of Defense, Thomas Gates, Jr., to publicly argued for full legaliza­ tra experiments, Vietnam provid­ review the matter. tion of marijuana, heroin and ed the "Dr. Strangeloves" of insti­ The commission included Milton other drugs of abuse, so that the tutions like the Rand Corporation, Friedman, who resurfaced as an individual can "choose freely" the Stanford Research Institute economic adviser to Reagan in the whether or not to use them. Mar­ and other Tavistock-influenced 1980 presidential campaign. Fried­ tin Anderson, another Reagan aide think tanks with a broad popula- man argued in 1969 for the appli- who is close to Friedman, worked

30 War on Drugs / February 1981 with the Gates commission and defense secretary. McNamara's the notion of the republican citi­ wrote the legislation that brought "whiz kids" argued that America's zen-soldier through the model of the All Volunteer Force into being. "strategic deterrent" made an in- universal military training devel­ Martin also supports marijuana depth war-fighting capability un­ oped by the French allies of the legislation. necessary, since the Soviet Union American Revolution, Lazare Car- As will be developed more fully would not dare to take on the U.S. not and Gaspard Monge, from 1793 below, the framework for the vol­ strategic arsenal. By this line of to 1804 in France. Their approach unteer army was not a special Re­ reasoning, advanced research and was to combine the development publican Party creation. It was the development, conventional weap­ of a scientific training institution, "utopian" military doctrine first ons and manpower training were the Ecole Polytechnique, with the imposed at the Pentagon by Robert not "cost efficient." The Friedman- creation of a new style army which McNamara, Kenndy and Johnson's ites simply took this bookkeeper's drew its forces from an educated approach to national security to its citizenry capable of incorporating logical extreme. the scientific and technological What the McNamara ascendan­ breakthroughts of the Ecole into cy and its sequel signified for the military science. Although most nation was more than an organi­ Americans today are ignorant of zational mistake. Anyone with a this fact, without the Ecole, U.S. knowledge of this nation's history military science would not have knows that not just American mil­ developed as it did. itary power, but the American In the United States, continuing System itself was under attack. work between Benjamin Franklin The "utopian" approach began and his principal French collabo­ the decline of the United States as rator, Vergennes, laid the basis for a great power that had been the 1783 establishment of an inter­ known for its ability to export the national conspiratorial association "American System" of economic known as the Society of Cincinna- and technological development, in­ tus. Originally headed by George cluding the corresponding educa­ Washington, the Marquis de La­ tional and other standard of living fayette of France, and the Baron benefits necessary to develop a cit­ von Steuben of Germany, this So­ izenry that could further that ciety bound the military and polit­ progress. For the United States, as ical leaders of the American revo­ for every republic since Athens, lution into an alliance that would the military force is the expression further develop internationally the of the highest technologal and in­ republican traditions of America. dustrial capabilities of that nation. This was the force which created The "citizen-solder" is not a mer­ the Federalist Party of Washington cenary hired gun, but the guardian and Alexander Hamilton, which of the nation from the threat of created the U.S. Constitution, external attack. The military com­ which launched the American Sys­ mand must represent the ability to tem of political economy, and which created the West Point mili­ mobilize all of the nation's re­ 7 sources—industrial, technological, tary training academy on the and moral—into that activity. model of the French Ecole Poly­ This concept of a republican technique. army is rooted for Americans in The essential requirement of the historical precedent of the Rev­ coupling the scientific and indus­ olutionary War. The commanders trial capabilities of the United of our War of Independence—Gen­ States with its military force has eral Washington, Benjamin Frank­ been demonstrated in every pro­ lin and their European allies, Bar­ longed military action the United on von Steuben and the Marquis States has been engaged in since de Lafayette—trained the revolu­ the Revolutionary War. During the tionary troops into a superior Civil War, it was the ability of an army based on a political under­ engineering adjunct to the Union standing of building a republic. Army to develop new technologies The best solution to the present in road building, bridge and rail­ crisis in the military is to restore road laying that provided the

February 1981 / War on Drugs 31 Union Army with the in-depth lo­ relatively small number of highly It was on this basis that Mc­ gistical capability to win. The in­ sophisticated weapons systems, Namara and his Utopian succes­ dustrial development of the North with a consequent downplaying of sors fought and lost the Vietnam provided the strategic advantage. the role of infantry, in-depth force, War. Since 1972, the picture has The experience of the United and backup capabilities. Wars are worsened strategically. According States in the development of the envisioned to be short, localized, to Dr. Steven Bardwell in the Ex­ first atomic bomb at the end of very violent, but controlled. There­ ecutive Intelligence Review, the World War II, through the brute- fore questions of attrition, of cumulative difference in expendi­ force effort of the "Manhattan massed infantry deployments for tures since 1972, when Soviet ex­ Project," is of course an illustra­ occupation, and central traditional penditure began to exceed that of tion of this principle. For the pres­ concepts such as firepower and an- the United States, is now conser­ ent, one must recognize that the hiliation of the enemy's military vatively estimated at $65 billion in last time that the United States capability are replaced by "cabinet the Soviets' favor. experienced such a surge of mili­ warfare" concepts like the "blitz­ In spring 1979, William Perry, tary breakthroughs through scien­ krieg" and wonderweapons; undersecretary of defense for re- tific mobilization was through the "Apollo" project of NASA, the Na­ tional Aeronautics and Space Ad­ ministration.

The McNamara approach Since the McNamara era, there has been a decline in research and development capabilities in the United States. This erosion of mil­ itary strength over the last two decades was not merely a policy of benign neglect, it was the con­ scious, direct consequence of the strategic doctrine that inspired McNamara and his accounting staff at the Pentagon. The Mc­ Namara theory of war developed in Vietnam was elaborated into strategic military posture, and through McNamara co-thinkers such as Henry Kissinger and Zbig- niew Brzezinski it has controlled U.S. military activities since 1961. This doctrine claims that full- scale nuclear exchange is "un­ thinkable," since both sides in such an exchange would be totally de­ stroyed, and hence neither could emerge as a victor, and thus such a war will never be fought. Strateg­ ically deliverable nuclear systems (ICBMs, B-52s and submarines) are therefore only maintained as a "deterrent;" the only war would be a local war involving U.S. troops, perhaps involving the use of tacti­ cal weapons, but there is a sharp distinction between such "theater" nuclear deployments and strategic deployment. In the sphere of research and George Washington imth Lafayette (center) at Yorktown. They shaped the Conti­ development and acquisition, this nental Army into the most effective fighting force of its time. The American doctrine leads to emphasis on a "citizen-soldier" had a political undrstanding of building a republic.

32 War on Drugs / February 1981 search and engineering, in testi­ the lack of reserves is particularly population centers. Rand had been mony before the House of Repre­ acute: U.S. ready reserve strength responsible for conduiting such sentatives stated: "By all accepted dropped from 2,661,000 in 1970 un­ patently insane policies as "limited measures of growth, the Soviet der the draft, to 1,189,000 in 1977 nuclear war" into the Pentagon military investment effort contin­ (the Soviets possessed at least through its operatives such as for­ ues to increase steadily, resulting 6,800,000 reserves in 1977). In 1979, mer Defense Secretary James in both improved R and D capabil­ the Pentagon fell short of its re­ Schlesinger, another McNamara ities and the deployment of im­ cruitment goals by 13,000 men and co-thinker. proved weapons systems. During 2,000 women. In 1962, for example, Rand pub­ the past year, for example, esti­ To turn this trend around means lished the results of a preparatory mated Soviet investments were more than re-implementing the study on the "Longlasting Effects about 75 percent greater in dollar draft. At present, U.S. heavy in­ of LSD on Certain Attitudes in value than the corresponding R dustry in the areas of steel produc­ Normals: An Experimental Ap­ and D and A (acquisition) program tion, transportation, machine proach," by W.H. McGlothlin. The in the United States. . .." tools, and soforth has declined to following year, McGlothlin con­ This imbalance is not merely such an extent that a major na­ ducted a year-long experiment on quantitative, but qualitative. Ac­ tional effort is required to put it 30 human guinea pigs, called cording to a report entitled "The back together. The decline in the "Short Term Effects of LSD on Erosion of U.S. Military Capabil­ technological base of industry'is Anxiety, Attitudes and Perform­ ity" published by the Executive also gravely reflected in the cur­ ance." This study actually conclud­ Intelligence Review in January rent skilled manpower shortage. ed that LSD improved emotional and February 1980, the Soviet The technicians and engineers laid attitudes and resolved anxiety Union has outstripped the United off during the early 1970s are not problems. States not only in the effectiveness easily reclaimable, and scientific Incredibly, the Rand Corpora­ of immediately deployable field and engineering programs in uni­ tion is one of the centers for Re­ weapons systems, but is now con­ versities have consistently de­ search and Development and Ac­ centrating on building up its stra^ clined over the last decade. quisition work for the U.S. Air tegic arsenal for two major devel­ Force. opments: the capability of a second Stopping the Aquarian In early 1980, a book called The round of nuclear weapons and sevh Conspiracy Aquarian Conspiracy, by Marilyn eral unconventional technol­ The other major obstacle to re­ Ferguson, a trainee of the Stanford ogies—high energy lasers, and building the U.S. economy and mil­ Research Institute, publicly boast­ charged particle beams that itary force is the "Aquarian Con­ ed, for the first time, that the could destroy satellite guidance spiracy"—the self-acclaimed ene­ conspiracy has successfully infil­ systems or an incoming missile or mies of growth, nuclear power and trated all levels of government and plane. According to Dr. Bard well's progress. The planners of the - organization in the United States, report, "the beam weapon is the "zero-growth" economy are nestled including Congress and the mili­ first possibility for a true defense in the same institutions and think tary. This "leaderless conspiracy" against the ICBM," and if success­ tanks, such as the Rand Corpora­ is characterized by its belief in fully perfected, would have the tion, the Stanford Research Insti­ zero population growth, that drugs same revolutionizing effect on tute, the National Training Labo­ expand consciousness, that astrol­ strategic capability as the nuclear- ratories, and the Hudson Institute, ogy and magic, not science, deter­ tipped ICBM did 25 years ago. that control the strategic planning mine the future, that nature and Additionally, the Soviet Union of the United States. These insti­ the environment are more impor­ has never taken the emphasis off tutes and others comprise what tant than nations and populations, the development of troops as a can be identified at the "Tavistock and that starvation is the natural fighting force as the United States network," and are responsible for outcome of overpopulation. has. For the Soviet vtar-urinning the bulk of personnel development The basic study for this book doctrine, both sophisticated wea­ studies, as well as thermonuclear was done by the Standford Re­ ponry and a highly trained fight­ warfar "scenarios" for all branches search Institute, called "The ing force are maintained at full of the US. military forces. Changing Images of Man," which capacity. For the United States, the The Rand Corporation provides mapped out a computerized print­ erosion of industrial and scientific a good example of how the Aquar­ out of the erosion of "western mo­ strength of the nation has had a ian Conspiracy operates. Rand was rality." As in Rand, Stanford is a correspondingly devastating effect established in 1948, as an out­ major Defense Department con­ on the quality of the fighting force, growth of the wartime Strategic tractor. a situation made far worse with Bombing Survey, a "cost analysis" Through these Tavistock net­ the implementation of the Volun­ study of the psychological effects work institutions, the U.S. armed teer Army. For the United States, of random bombings of German services have become a massive

February 1981 / War on Drugs 33 testing ground for Aquarian theo­ known "Task Force Delta" became ries to be tried out before they are the spotlight of the world's atten­ implemented on the rest of Amer­ tion, since it was out of this center icans. This has been the case most of "systems theorists" that Jimmy certainly for drugs: before drug Carter pulled together the com­ use was pandemic in the United mand of the disastrous military States, it was rampant among the attempt to free the 52 American troops in Vietnam; before the gen­ hostages in Iran! eral population would tolerate Among the members of Fergu­ such concepts as "marijuana decri­ son's Aquarians are powerful indi­ minalization," that condition was viduals in the military command already in effect in the military. including Zbigniew Brzezinski, the The following excerpt from Fer­ national secruity adviser under guson's book illustrates how these President Carter, and Elmo Zum­ institutions have subverted the walt, the former Chief of U.S. Na­ military: val Operations, who implemented "In many ways, the military, Tavistock "sensitivity training" with its guaranteed financial base, along with amnesty for drug use Zumwalt: has more opportunity to fund in­ when he took that office in 1970. novation than any other institu­ To solve the problem created by tion. Jim Channon, a lieutenant the drug devastation of our armed the Admiral colonel in the Army's public affairs forces demands first and foremost office in Los Angeles, created a that the Aquarians be wiped out hypothetical First Earth Battal­ from every post involving national of Aquarius ion, a futurist vision of what a security of the United States. transformed military might be From top to bottom, the U.S. mili­ erhaps the most remarkable like. The soldiers of the First tary and its leadership institutions Pfeature of Admiral Elmo R. Earth Battalion seek nondestruc­ such as West Point must be recast Zumwalt, Jr.'s role in destroying tive methods of conflict resolution. in the republican tradition in the U.S. military as a fighting force Their first loyalty is to the planet. which they were created. on behalf of the so-called Aquarian "After Channon introduced the The bottom line to stopping the Conspiracy is that it was carried notion at an army think tank in drug plague is a return to ruthless out entirely in the open. This re­ Virginia, he was inundated with law enforcement for drug of­ porter, as a former enlisted man requests for more information. He fenders within the armed forces. during part of Zumwalt's 1970-74 created a packet of material and a Only then can we begin to restore tenure as Chief of Naval Opera­ T-shirt decal to send out in re­ the military as a combat-ready, tions, personally witnessed the de­ sponse to calls from army person­ war-winning force. moralization and the spreading nel all over the country. The army's drug abuse that resulted from Task Force Delta authorized him to Zumwalt's "Z-grams" (directives prepare a multimedia presentation Footnotes from the CNO) and "people pro­ on the First Earth Battalion, an 1. U.S. Housed of Representatives, Select grams." Yet, this firsthand experi­ idea that seems to generate the Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Con­ ence merely corroborates what response William James called the trol, 96th Congress, Hearings: Drug Abuse Zumwalt himself has put on the moral equivalent of war, a sense of Control in the\ Armed Forces, November 7, public record about his "innova­ purpose as urgent as the confron­ 1979. Government Printing Office: 1980. 2. Ibid. Appendix: Department of Defense, tions." tation of danger, but without viol­ Concept Paper on Substance Abuse. Zumwalt's aims were set forth ence. 3. U.S. House, of Representatives, Select in glowing public-relations lan­ "Task Force Delta itself, the Committee ori Narcotics Abuse and Con­ guage in the opening sentences of trol, 95th Congress, 2d Session, Drug A buse army's tool for innovation and Among Armed Fbrces in the FederalRepub- his biography in the 1971 edition of transition, includes systems theor­ lic of German^ and West Berlin, Report on; Current Biography, published ists, semanticists, and specialists Government Printing Office: 1979. shortly after he had been promot­ in personal growth and the psy­ 4. Executive Intelligence Review, January ed to Chief of Naval Operations 22-28, 1980. chology of stress; the structure of 5. San Diego i/nion, July 27, 1980, quoting over the heads of 33 senior offi­ the organization is circular rather from U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. cers. "Rapidly declining enlist­ than the conventional pyramid of 6. Heikal, Mohammed Hassanein, The Cai­ ment rates are forcing the tradi­ a hierarchy."8 ro Documents, (Garden City, N.Y., 1973) pp. tionally hidebound military ser­ Within several months of the 306-307. vices of the United States to ac­ 7. Look magazine, June 16, 1970. comodate themselves to the dawn­ appearance of The Aquarian Con­ 8. Marilyn Ferguson, The Aquarwin Con­ spiracy, the previously little spiracy, pp. 347+4$. ing of the age of Aquarius. The

34 War on Drugs / February 1981 have been made into citizens by leaving commanding officers at a this process. In contrast, the loss as to whether or not the en­ Aquarian scheme deliberately de­ forcement of longstanding regula­ grades youth into cult-following tions would infringe on the CNO's hedonists whose "small is beauti­ new policies. For example, for sev­ ful" credo reflects the fears of the eral months after a new directive ignorant peasant, and whose con­ was issued on uniform and groom­ centration on private "freedoms" ing standards, sailors on some bas­ and appetites expresses the out­ es and vessels were allowed to go look of the barnyard beast. around with long hair and un- Zumwalt's career also exempli­ trimmed beards. Senior petty offi­ fies the nonpartisan nature of the cers perceived that they were rele­ Aquarian Conspiracy. First hired gated to the role of zookeepers under the Democratic Kennedy ad­ rather than leaders. ministration in 1962 by Paul Nitze, This "humanizing" of the Navy who was at the time the Assistant grew out of a "retention study Secretary of Defense for Interna­ group" established by Zumwalt tional Security Affairs, Zumwalt about a month and half after he went on to set up the division of took command. Its head, Lt. David Systems Analysis within the office Halperin, left the program in 1971 of the Chief of Naval Operations in to become an aide to Henry Kissin­ 1966, the Johnson era. But in 1980, ger. In sessions held over a two- Zumwalt campaigned actively for year period, discontented repre­ Aim. Elmo Zumwalt Republican Ronald Reagan. sentatives of various Navy depart­ And it was Republican Secretary ments were allowed to blow off pioneering concessions to the lib­ of Defense Melvin Laird and Sec­ steam for the retention study erated spirit of contemporary retary of the Navy John Chafee group. Then Zumwalt would ap­ youth have been made by the who pleaded for Zumwalt's eleva­ pear and "rap" with the discon­ Navy, under the enlightened lead­ tion to the rank of CNO at Senate tents in a sort of transactional ership of Admiral E. R. Zumwalt, Armed Service Committee hear­ therapy session. Jr., the youngest Chief of Naval ings in 1970. "The years ahead are Drug abuse was "humanized" as Operations in history." In plain going to be difficult ones.... We well. During the Vietnam War, the English, during the latter years of have budgetary problems; we have main stopping point for supply re­ the Vietnam War, the maintenance commitments we must plenishment and rest for the crews of a U.S. war-winning fighting ca­ maintain... . Admiral Zumwalt's was the naval station at Subic Bay pability was no longer on the agen­ background uniquely qualifies him in the Philippines. Just outside the da. Zumwalt, with a background to make good decisions in these main gate of the base was a com­ in the glorified bookkeeping do­ areas," was the argument pre­ munity, so to speak, known as main known as "systems sented by the Nixon administra­ Olongapo City, which consisted of analysis," was brought in to cut tion. nothing but a single dirt street the budget of the Navy and trans­ lined with bars and brothels. It form it into a "cost effective," "cri­ 'Humanizing' drug abuse was notorious for the quantity of sis management" entity. Zumwalt's first step as Chief of marijuana and other narcotics The only element of candor in Naval Operations was to do away available there. At the far end of Current Biography's characteriza­ with "unnecessarily abrasive" dis­ the dirt street, in an area which tion is the avowal that Zumwalt cipline, allegedly to make the Navy was officially off limits, the actual was leading accommodation to the more attractive to youth. The older heavy dealing in guns and drugs "age of Aquarius." The Aquariani- career Navy men smelled some­ took place. zation of the U.S. military "pi­ thing rotten. As any competent Olongapo-Subic, during the oneered" by Zumwalt constitutes officer or senior enlisted man Vietnam era, was just as impor­ the total reversal of the role of the knows, so-called abrasive disci­ tant, if not more important, a drug military in a republic. In the re­ pline is essential in conditioning trafficking terminal as Hong Kong. publican tradition, uneducated troops for combat conditionn. Subic Bay was only two days away peasants are transformed through Otherwise, under stress of battle from the war zone in the Tonkin military training into a highly the unconditioned soldier or sailor Gulf and all naval vessels serving skilled, scientific labor force for an will suffer psychological break­ there had to go to Subic every few advancing urban civilization. Gen­ down. weeks. A staggering amount of eration after generation of Ameri­ Zumwalt's "Z-gram" reforms drugs was shipped out. Zumwalt's can immigrants and farm youth were initially worded vaguely, response to the problem was to

February 1981 / War on Drugs 35 remove the previous strict penal­ in the 1970s! would not benefit from eroded to the point that muggings ties for drug abuse and open "re­ the processiion of assimilation and and knifings were commonplace on habilitation" programs for those gaining of skills that had been his­ the larger vessels, together with who turned themselves in, thereby torically mediated by military ser- increasing numbers of drug-relat­ making drug abuse even more at­ • vice. Instead, minorities were en­ ed accidents. This reporter person­ tractive in the Navy. couraged to develop their own ally knows of the loss of two air­ The rehab program initiated by "culture"—iuse of ghettoized Eng­ craft because the flight deck per­ Zumwalt protege Capt. A. W. lish, the black militant "dap" sonnel charged with adjusting the Chandler at Miramar Naval Air handshake, and other useless settings for steam catapults were Station near San Diego was simi­ expressions that would return stoned on amphetamines at the lar to the "shoot-up room" at Fort them to their communities, if any­ time of launching! Bragg, widely publicized in news thing, in wtorse shape than when magazines at the time, where ad­ they left. Officers humiliated dicted G.I.'s were subjected to For the officers, a series of man­ Any enlisted man who was in drugs that caused pain, wretching datory sensitivity training group the Navy in the Zumwalt era will and other unpleasant effects, sur­ seminars were set up where offi­ recall the sudden appearance on rounded by psychedelic day-glo de­ cers would be subjected to 20 hours board ship of numbers of "tran­ cor, strobe lights, and blaring rock of lectures from long-haired hip­ sients," troublemakers who at­ 'n roll. Zumwalt in his memoirs pies in civilian dress, or minorities tempted to organize the crew claims he "had almost nothing to who would berate them for their against the officers (or "against do" with the rehab program "be­ "lack of sensitivity" to other cul­ Whitey") and went mysteriously yond signing my name to the Z- tures—like drug use among youth, unhindered. The volatile combina­ gram that announced it." Its "basic and the oppression of minorities. tion of these provocateurs with feature was amnesty for drug ad­ By 1971, the programs that Zum­ wartime conditions (eight- to nine- dicts or abusers who voluntarily walt created in the Navy became month deployments to the war turned themselves in for rehabili­ mandatory for officers and poten­ zone with 16- to 20-hour workdays) tation. It has been approximately tial officers in all branches of the was bound to explode, and it did in as successful as most drug pro­ military through the newly estab­ "race riots" on board the carrier grams . .. which is not very." lished Defense Relations Research U.S.S. Kitty Hawk and the oiler He writes, "The most I can take Institute at Patrick Air Force Base U.S.S. Hassayampa during Octo­ credit for is conspiring with in Florida, j ber 1972. [Navy] Secretary Chafee in creat­ By his own account, Zumwalt A report by Zumwalt's minority ing a climate that encouraged all became aware in February 1971 of officers' retention study group kinds of programs for all kinds of "racial frictions" in the Pacific fueled paranoia of the command­ people." Fleet through a report, based on ing officers by blaming them for the findings of'the Naval Investi­ the incidents. The gist of the re­ 'Integration' gative Office, of a flareup on Olon- port was "that the Navy had failed Indeed, Zumwalt had a pen­ gapo City. In reality, Zumwalt and to accept the racial situation as its chant for creating "climates." Norman's subsequent actions ac­ problem; that being a member of a With drug penalties reduced and tually increased the racial ten­ minority and a member of the "Clockwork Orange"-style therapy sions, by fjirther breaking down Navy were incompatible." The sessions underway, Zumwalt was Navy discipline, and actually en­ stage was now set for a final deci­ ready for the next phase in the couraging minorities to become sive move. destruction of the Navy. The can­ militants through small-group cul­ In November 1972, the carrier non fodder for the ultimate Aquar­ tural training sessions. U.S. Constellation was engaged in ian operation was to be the nation's Through Z-66 (Equal Opportu­ flight operations off the California minority youth, and "integration" nity Directive) and a network of coast. As the result of rumors was cynically touted as the pretext minority affairs assistants set up spread through the ship, 60 or so for the destruction of discipline. by Norman throughout the Navy, black sailors took over a portion of It was largely through his "inte­ Zumwalt then altered the naval the mess decks in protest against gration" program that Zumwalt recruiting exams to attract a discriminatory treatment. The carried out the humiliation of the greater portion of unskilled, ghet­ commanding officer, Capt. J. D. traditionalist republican officers in toized youth into what was rapidly Ward, reflecting on the recent Kit­ the Navy and replaced them with becoming one big welfare hotel ty Hawk and Hassayampa inci­ "Mod Navy" types. Ironically, the where illicit drugs were in many dents, decided to take no chances. programs set up through Zum- cases easier to obtain than on the He had a list drawn up of the 15 walt's Special Adviser for Equal street. men identified as the main agita­ Opportunity Affairs, Lt. William The ability of commanding offi­ tors and brought the ship back to Norman, ensured that minorities cers to maintain discipline had San Diego to send these men

36 War on Drugs / February 1981 sponse to these racial tensions, Zumwalt blamed the incidents on "the failure of the command to implement those programs ["Equal Opportunity"] with a whole heart." Following this meet­ ing, the Department of Defense issued a directive that all generals and admirals had to go to race- relations seminars at the DRRI.

Tavistock takes over On August 6, 1973, through Zumwalt's initiative, the Navy Hu­ man Goals Plan became law. By September 1973, 183,000 middle- management personnel in the Navy had completed the program, which is nothing more than small- group encounter sessions used to break down an individual's sense of identity and self-worth. The tar­ get of this ego-stripping was the traditionalist officer. By 1974, the Tavistock takeover was complete. The Navy had con­ tracted a group called the Systems Development Corporation (a spi­ noff of the Rand Corporation) to draw up a model for a special career track—the Equal Opportu­ nity Program Specialist. The mod­ el was developed directly from the work of specialists in Tavistock brainwashing and mind control- most notably, psychologist Edgar Schein, the man who developed the concept of "coercive persuasion," "This reporter personally knows of the loss of two aircraft because the flight the changing of a person's beliefs deck personnel charged with adjusting the settings for steam catapults were by subjecting them to prolonged intensive peer pressure in a "con­ stoned on amphetamines!" Above, launch on the carrier Midway. trolled environment." In other ashore as a "beach detachment" center of the excitement," Zum­ words, an encounter group. under nondisciplinary status. As a walt recounts in his memoirs. The plan was to have a team of result of a rumor that anyone "Throughout the incidents ... be­ two "specialists"—one white, the could go ashore who wanted to, the ginning with Kitty Hawk, oppo­ other minority, to act as roving number had now grown to 144, but nents of integration had been ful­ shocktroops. The team would be the Constellation proceeded back minating about how 'permissive­ deployed to a ship, or to a Navy to sea and recommenced exercises. ness'—an obvious buzz word for base, and evaluate the commander In stepped Zumwalt and Nor­ 'integration'—was about to de­ for "racism" according to a set of man. Blowing up the incident into stroy the Navy." Zumwalt por­ "equal opportunity indicators." a national media scandal, Zum­ trayed the traditionalists as in­ The chain of command had been walt overruled Ward's authority competent in "racial affairs" and broken. Any commander who at­ and forced him to change the car­ effectively branded any opposition tempted to exercise his command rier's schedule in order to appear to his policies as anti-integration could be branded a "racist" or a in person to negotiate with, and, and racist. "sexist," or an "antihomosexual" as it turned out, be humilitated on At a special seminar for 80 ad­ and get a reprimand from the Pen­ television by, the dissidents. mirals and Marine Corps generals tagon. "Now Washington became the called together by Zumwalt in re­ —David Lyle Barnes

February 1981 / War on Drugs 37 s of October 8,1980, the Italian Agovernment has legalized the dispensing of methadone, a syn­ MEDICAL REPORT thetic heroin substitute, through health centers and pharmacies. The plan to deal with Italy's rapid­ ly growing population of heroin addicts by maintaining them on government-authorized metha­ done was imposed by "decree-law" by Health Minister Aldo Aniasi after his earlier proposal for legal­ ization of heroin was defeated. In Sweden, the government is Why we seriously considering expanding limited methadone experiments that have been going on since the 1960s. A prestigious medical or­ must junk ganization, the Medicinska Forsk- ningsraadet, and the Swedish Fed­ eration of Doctors have supported expansion, and lobbying articles pleading that "without methadone METHADONE the addict will return to crime" have appeared in the tabloids. The arguments for introducing The evidence on methadone "maintenance' methadone into Europe on a large scale are the same ones used in the proves that it is a failure in curbing heroin early 1970s in the United States. use, that it encourages abuse of other But the record shows that these arguments are a fraud. Not only drugs, that it has become a major does methadone not "keep the ad­ black market narcotic, and that dict from returning to crime," it is a danger to society in its own it may be responsible for more right. For Europe—particularly It­ deaths per year than heroin aly, where methadone mainte­ itself. Dr. Ned Rosinsky pre­ nance was a virtually unknown approach to therapy as recently as sents the shocking con­ two years ago—to embark on the clusions in this report. same course that has proved so disastrous in the United States would be an inexcusable mistake. As we shall demonstrate, meth­ adone has a record of creating a black market in illegal drugs; fos­ tering alcholism; endangering the from regional governments to done in the treatment of heroin lives of infants; and failing in its pharmacists to parent's groups. addiction since the late 1960s has ostensible aim of curing heroin This documentation is now in the been a disaster. Over 90 percent of addiction. Methadone must be course of b^ing presented by the detoxification patients quickly re­ added to the list of failures that Italian Anti-Drug Coalition in the turn to drugs; the average metha­ includes, at an earlier point in his­ Italian parliament as grounds for- done maintenance patient remains tory, the development of heroin removing Aniasi from office and in the program for only six months itself as a purported "cure" for reversing his decree. In the U.S.A., and then relapses to drug use; and morphine addiction! the National Anti-Drug Coalition the maintenance and detox facili­ The following documentary re­ is using this evidence to demand ties have notoriously served as dis­ port was prepared to aid antidrug the abolitioh of existing metha­ tribution points for an illegal mar­ forces in Italy that have banded done maintenance programs. ket in methadone that since 1973 together to resist Aniasi's decree, The U.S. experience with metha­ has been responsible for more

38 War on Drugs / February 1981 related crime rate, and this amount is not determined by the availability of methadone, but rather by the availability of heroin itself. The recent 1979-80 influx of her­ oin, resulting in soaring addiction and overdose death rates in the East Coast cities, is a prime ex­ ample of this.1 The East Coast market has such a large consump­ tion capacity, in fact, that very little of the recent influx is getting to Chicago or points further west. Unless this influx is cut off, heroin addiction will continue unabated. The overall effect of introducing methadone into such a context is only to make matters worse, and at substantial expense.

70% go back on drugs The most comprehensive study of long-term results among meth­ adone patients utilized figures gathered by the Drug Abuse Re­ porting Program (DARP), a feder­ ally funded program which has data on approximately 25,000 methadone patients in 50 locations across the united States.2 All the patients sampled in the study had been in a program some time dur­ ing 1969-72, and the data were col­ lected during 1975-76. The study showed that the aver­ age time patients remained in methadone maintenance programs was 190 days. The length of stay in other types of programs, therapeu­ tic community, outpatient drug free, and outpatient detox was con­ siderably shorter, but this is due in part to the aims of the different treatment modalities. deaths annually in New York City to the user. Tb give just one exam­ What happens to the mainte­ than heroin. ple: In several large cities, 10 per­ nance patients after they drop out? Added to this failure of metha­ cent of all babies born in municipal Another long-term study of over done on its own terms is the de­ hospitals must go through a life- 1,400 cases concluded that after moralizing effect on society of hav­ threatening withdrawal from the leaving a methadone maintenance ing the federal government sanc­ drug because their mothers are on program, over 70 percent are back tion and support, with hundreds of methadone. on drugs within two years.3 millions of tax dollars, a program Statistics also disprove the ar­ The results for detoxification to deliberately substitute one ad­ gument that methadone at least programs are even more discour­ dicting drug, methadone, for an­ decreases the overall crime rate aging. According to the 1978 study other, heroin. Not only is metha­ associated with the addict popula­ just cited, "We find a net success done highly addictive, but it can tion. It is the total amount of her­ rate after detoxification of 8 per­ cause numerous physical problems oin use that determines the heroin- cent (72/846). Even this estimate

February 1981 / War on Drugs 39 may be too high since claims of rate of criminal arrests and time The evaluation of the relation of abstinence were accepted without in jail were higher during the two methadone to crime must include urine testing." The study con­ months prior to methadone treat­ .the fact that the diversion of meth­ cludes, "Regardless of whether ment than during the first year adone from maintenance and de­ narcotics addiction is a disease or following termination of treat­ tox facilities into illegal channels a sin—or both—the practical real­ ment. This seems to prove the big­ has created an enormous black ity is that most addicts with a long gest "selling point" for metha­ market in this drug. pretreatment history of heroin done—crimie deterrence. However, will relapse after maintenance the study ignores the fact that a The methadone black market treatment is discontinued. To ex­ large percentage of methadone pa­ According to Dr. R.B. Resnick, pect a limited period of mainte­ tients are court referrals, so recent the medical director of a large New nance to produce a high rate of criminal arrests would cluster in York City maintenance program, permanent abstinence in this pop­ the period just prior to entrance in "rapid expansion of methadone ulation is unrealistic. Neither the methadone programs. maintenance has been accom­ present study, nor any other that Also, among the sample chosen panied by an increase in accidental we have been able to find in the for study, 13.2 percent could not be ingestion and related deaths; in literature, justifies complacency located and 2.9 percent refused to 1974, deaths from methadone ov­ about the low retention rates of anser the interview questioris. If a erdose exceeded those caused by today's methadone treatment pro­ significant portion of this com­ heroin in New York City. Although grams." bined group had become engaged the massive quantities available Vincent P. Dole, the author of in criminal activities (this might on the black market have led to this quotation, has been known as be connected to their disappear­ speculation that some may be di­ the "father" of methadone treat­ ance or reluctance to answer ques­ verted directly from the manufac­ ment since his initiating work in tions), this would be more than turers or the distribution system, the field.4 enough to counter the DARP ar­ the largest source of illicit metha­ rest correlation. Longer-range pre- done is probably the addicts them­ Dubious crime deterrent and post-treatment studies in fact selves, who sell part or all of their Concerning the effect of metha­ show no change in rates of crimi­ take-home doses. nal activities' following methadone done treatment on crime, the 5 "If only 1 percent of the legally DARP study concluded that the maintenance. dispensed methadone were divert­ ed illicitly, 50,000 to 100,000 milli­ grams would reach the street every day. And, in fact, addicts report that methadone is easily obtainable in the streets of any metropolitan area where take- home methadone is permitted."6 Resnick points out that methadone centers are reporting that many addicts applying for treatment state that their first addiction was to methadone.7 Dr. Michael Baden, former Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, told War on Drugs that meth­ adone has caused more deaths in New York annually since 1974 than heroin. The records of the New York City Medical Examiner's of­ fice back up this claim.8 Dr. Dom- inick DiMaio, then Acting Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, publicized the emergence of this trend in a front-page New York Times interview on Aug. 16, 1974. One group of researchers did a series of 95 interviews with active heroin addicts on their perception It was argued that methadone was needed for veterans, like the one above. of the availability of illicit metha-

40 War on Drugs / February 1981 Resolution to ban 'maintenance'

The record of methadone programs overall is of combining methadone with other drugs or an abysmal failure. Published surveys of these alcohol to produce euphoria continues the programs document the following conclusions: drug-oriented psychology of the heroin addict, rather than bringing him along the road to • The average length of stay in a methadone recovery. Moderate dose maintenance in the maintenance program is only six months, and 60 to 800 milligram range daily is associated the overwhelming majority of patients leav­ with a variety of sexual dysfunctions and ing programs are classified as "dropouts," abnormal levels of serum hormones. that is, leaving without a medical discharge. Of these dropouts, 70 percent are back on The record of outpatient detoxification using heroin within two years. methadone is worse than the maintenance programs. Ninety percent of outpatients de­ • The widespread practice of dispensing take- toxified are back on heroin within a year. home doses of methadone has fostered an Detoxification facilities also notoriously fos­ illegal diversion market in methadone which ter the illegal diversion of methadone. rivals heroin in destructiveness. In New York City, the Medical Examiner's Annual Report The National Anti-Drug Coalition therefore on Causes of Death shows that there have calls on drug rehabilitation professionals and been more deaths due to methadone than to laymen to sign the following nonpartisan state­ heroin each year from 1973 to 1978, the last ment: year that conclusive reports are available. This trend has continued, according to the * * * New York Medical Examiner's office, despite the recent surge in heroin influx. We, the undersigned, urge an immediate halt • Methadone maintenance has had a minimal to the use of methadone maintenance and out­ effect on heroin-related crime. The rate of patient methadone detoxification as treatments such crime, predominantly theft to support for heroin addition in the United States, includ­ the costs of the habit, depends directly on the ing the cessation of all federal funding for such amount of heroin sold. The current increase programs. in heroin influx into the major U.S. East Coast The sole legitimate use of methadone in the cities indicates that the addict market can treatment of heroin addition is in closely super­ absorb enormous increases, despite the fact vised inpatient detoxification facilities, prefera­ that many former addicts (50,000 in New York bly with a long-term followup of continuing City alone) are in methadone maintenance rehabilitation measures. programs. In addition, long-range studies We also wish to discourage other nations show that individual addict crime rates are which are currently considering instituting essentially the same prior to entrance into methadone maintenance and/or outpatient methadone maintenance and after termina­ methadone detoxification, such as Italy, from tion of treatment. doing so. • Methadone is as addictive as heroin, and may have long-term adverse effects on the user. It Signed: does not block a "high" or intoxication when Date: * combined with other substances such as her­ Affiliation: oin, alcohol or barbiturates. Methadone pa­ tients have a high likelihood of becoming (for identification purposes only) alcoholics after entering the program due to (Please send to: Dr. Ned Rosinsky, c/o War on Drugs, 304 W. the strong potentiating effect methadone has 58th Street, New York, N.Y. 10019, and include your address on the effect of alcohol. The common practice and telephone number.)

February 1981 / War on Drugs 41 done.9 Fifty-six percent reported from friends in methadone pro­ 41 heroin addicts were asked why that they had purchased illicit grams, while 42 percent said they people take illicit methadone." methadone within the past six had gotten it themselves when The answers were disturbing, in­ months, and among these 76 per­ they were ifl a program. In another deed. cent said they purchased the drugs study, 20 percent of methadone from current methadone patients. maintenance patients in a Phila­ 'Most popular street narcotic' Asked the reasons for the use of delphia program were found to be The most common answer, given illicit methadone by heroin ad­ selling their methadone to buy co­ by 13 addicts, was that methadone dicts, 41 percent said it was to stop caine.10 is cheap, while 12 addicts said that withdrawal symptoms when they Since a 120 milligram bottle of it gives a good high; 10 said that it could not get their next "fix." An­ methadone (a large daily dose) is not diluted like other drugs, and other 40 percent said they used it sells in the street for approximate­ another ten said that the high is to "boost" the effects of other ly $15, a piatient selling half or long-lasting. It is significant that drugs. In the same study, 12 per­ more of his daily dose could con­ two of these answers were related cent of the heroin addicts admitted siderably agument his income, es­ to the effects of the drug, the high, to selling illicit methadone during pecially if he is enrolled at more showing why it has such a large the previous six months. than one program. abuse potential. When asked about the source of In anothet1 series of addict inter­ When asked to compare metha­ the methadone they had sold, 50 views done by the New York State done directly with heroin, 12 said percent said they had obtained it Drug Abuse Control Commission, the highs are similar, nine said there is no "rush" (rapid increase in intoxication) with methadone, five said methadone lasts longer, Figure 1 and others said that methadone Retention in treatment "comes in slower," or has a slee­ of methadone maintenance patients pier, more relaxing or more active This chart shows the retention rates of two methadone maintenance high. Overall, the euphoria and groups, Cohort I, from the original Rockefeller University Dole-Nyswan- other pleasurable effects of meth­ der group, and Cohort IIfrom St. Luke's Hospital. The Dole-Nyswander adone seem to be comparable or group has a very gradual fall-off, or drop-out rate, most likely due to the almost comparable to heroin. special selection procedures used in the choice of (he original cohorts- such as high motivation to reform. Based on thes\e original statistics, In the same study, the addicts methadone was forecast as a cure-all for heroin addiction. The St. Luke\'s were asked where they would go to group is more typical of the usual situation, a rapid\ fall-off of more than "cop" some methadone. Nineteen half the patients within two years. After dropping out, the majority of said they would go to a certain maintenance patients are back on heroin within two years. neighborhood where drugs are generally available, but signifi­ cantly, another 19 said they would go to an area surrounding a meth­ adone maintenance center. When asked how difficult it is to obtain street methadone, 38 of the 41 said there is little or no difficulty get­ ting it. The addicts were then asked how much of the average patient's dose is usually sold. Ninety per­ cent of the addicts said that one half or more of the dose is sold by the average patient. The study concludes, "The data clearly show that methadone is well established as an easily available, popular nar­ cotic with desirable euphorogenic properties. In this respect, the re­ sults correspond to recent reports in both the popular media and Source: V. P. Dole and H. Joseph, "Long-Term Outcome of Patien a Treated with Methadone professional literature. The com­ Maintenance," Ann. New York Academy of Sciences, 1978, p. 184. bination of available methadone and a declining heroin supply ap- pears to be moving methadone into position as the most popular street Figure 2 narcotic." Effects of methadone on Notwithstanding the increase in heroin influx since the above arti­ alcoholic beverage drinking habit Patients entering a methadone program have a high likelihood of cle was written, any accounting of becoming alcoholics. In this study 84 methadone patients were classified the DARP-calculated decrease in on entering the program as non or social drinker, moderate drinker, or crime due to methadone must take excessive drinker, and tracked for several years. As the chart shows, a into consideration the fact that high percentage of the non, social and moderate drinkers increased their methadone itself has become an drinking. object, if not the object, of criminal activities of drug addicts.12 UNDER HEROIN UNDER METHADONE

The "blocking" myth Another myth that studies have debunked is the claim by early researchers in methadone (Dole and Nyswander, 1965) that high dosage methadone maintenance blocked the euphoria from addi­ tional narcotics taken concurrent­ ly, thus effectively removing any incentive for abusing heroin while on methadone. Subsequent studies have shown that such "blocking" can be easily overridden by heroin or by other nonopiate substances such as barbiturates or alcohol.13 Methadone and alcohol boost each other's effects, so the two in combination produce a greater ef­ fect than the sum of the two taken individually. This is true for both the euphoric effect, in which a methadone patient need only con­ sume an ounce of alcohol to get a interview series with medical di­ category while 13 progressed to strong "high," and also with re­ rectors of maintenance programs moderate and 19 to excessive. Of gard to the overdose effect, in chosen randomly across the the original 29 moderates, six re­ which a moderate amount of al- United States, and found that al­ mained excessive. Of the original chohol in combination with a mod­ cohol, valium, barbiturates and six excessives, five remained exces­ erate dose of methadone can fatal­ heroin were the substances most sive while one became a non or ly depress breathing. frequently abused by their pa­ social drinker. The overall tenden­ Several studies dealing with tients. cy was thus toward heavier use of multiple-drug abuse among meth­ How much does methadone in­ alcohol while in the program. adone patients show that most are crease the tendency to alcoholism? Other studies have noted sizable far from "clean." In an attempt to quantify this, 84 increases in alcoholism among pa­ A detailed chemical screening of patients in a Midwestern mainte­ tients after entering methadone urines of 572 patients in a large nance program were followed in a maintenance.15 Methadone may be long-range study (Fig. 2).w Each of Chicago methadone maintenance promoting alcoholism in these pa­ program showed 27 percent had the 84 was classified as to alcohol evidence of recent heroin abuse, consumption at the time of admis­ tients. These studies have reported though the study design was sion to the program, characterized that alcoholism among patients flawed in that the patients were as nondrinker or social drinker prior to methadone is in the range having their methadone doses low­ (49), moderate drinker (29) or ex­ of approximately 10 percent, while ered at the time and were there­ cessive drinker (6). During the after induction into a program it fore possibly experiencing mild course of the several year study rises to 40-60 percent. The use of withdrawal symptoms, increasing this distribution changed. written psychological screening their tendency to take heroin. The Of the original 49 non or social tests for alcoholism has shown same study also conducted a phone drinkers, only 17 remained in that that the actual incidence of alco­ holism among maintenance pa- February 1981 / War on Drugs 43 tients is significantly higher than possible fatal outcome).20 The has also been implicated as a caus­ what is perceived by program pathological changes are similar to ative factor in the "sudden infant staff.16 those found in cases caused by death syndrome,' (SIDS) in Dr. heroin and are those frequently Loretta Finnegan's 1978 report to Methadone morbidity seen in the childhood accidental the National Academy of Sci­ and mortality methadone overdoses.21 ences.24 Otherwise known as "crib Methadone is also a killer—not death," this currently unexplained only of adults, but of many chil­ Infant victims phenomenon claims the lives of dren whose lives have been By far the most common compli­ approximately 10,000 children in claimed either by accidents, with­ cation of methadone maintenance the United States annually, mostly drawal in newborns, or "crib for the pediatric age-group is the between the ages of 1 and 4 death" which occurs at eight times life-threatening withdrawal that months, and is the leading cause newborns must go through if born of death of children between the the rate of the normal population 22 in infants born to methadone ad­ to a methadone-addicted mother. ages of 1 month and 1 year. The dicted mothers. Withdrawal symptoms occur in children are generally found dead As we noted previously, metha­ over 90 percent of babies born to in their cribs at night with no done was responsible for more methadone-addicted mothers and apparent cause of death. deaths than heroin in New York last anywhere from six days to Reviewing four previous reports City in 1973. This trend has contin­ eight weeks|. The symptoms in­ as well as her own, Finnegan to­ ued until the recent heroin influx clude generalized convulsion or taled 21 cases of SIDS among 1,024 of 1979-80, but changes in data seizure in from 2 percent to 7 per­ opiate-dependent mothers, giving collection and reporting make it cent of infahts; tremors in 90 per­ a rate of 2.1 percent or eight times difficult to quantify the current cent, restlessness in 85 percent, the average rate of 0.25 percent in 17 hyperactive reflexes in 51 percent, the general population. All but one situation. regurgitation in 45 percent, inabil­ While the great majority of of the affected mothers was on ity to sleep in 24 percent, respira­ methadone during pregnancy, im­ deaths directly linked to metha­ tory distress in 12 percent, as well done are among addicts or "exper­ plicating the drug in this mysteri­ as a varieti of other symptoms ous cause of death. imenters," an increasing number such as diarrhea and fever. of accidental ingestations, partic­ Symptom^ of irritability may ularly among children, have been Long-term physical effects reported.18 For example, since the persist for more than three months. There is apparently no Numerous investigators have maintenance programs were es­ correlation between the mother's found that long-term methadone tablished in Detroit during the methadone dosages and severity of maintenance decreases sexual early 1970s until 1976, 120 cases of functioning and fertility in both withdrawal, probably due to the 25 methadone poisoning in children fact that the rate of methadone men and women. Complaints of were treated at the Children's Hos­ crossing the placenta and excreted lack of sexual drive, failure of erec­ pital of Michigan. by the fetus iB extremely variable. tion, delayed ejaculation and fail­ During the 1973-76 period, four Withdrawal classified as "severe" ure of orgasm occur in approxi­ deaths in children ranging in age occurred in 12.5 percent to 20 per­ mately 30 to 40 percent of patients. from 5 weeks to 3 years have been cent of methadone-withdrawal in­ Some studies have correlated these seen by the Wayne County Medical fants (Fig. 3). effects with decreased serum tes­ 19 Examiner. One of the reported The long-term effects of the tosterone levels in the male pa­ cases was a 1-year-old boy who withdrawal on infants is unknown, tients, particularly those on mod­ was found dead after drinking his erate to high dose methadone (60- although one researcher points out 26 father's weekend take-home dose that the continuing sleep disturb­ 120 mg daily). of 50 mg methadone. A 6-year-old ance characteristic of narcotics Maintenance patients have nu­ sibling had found the bottle of withdrawal may impair normal merous other physical complaints methadone liquid in the father's brain development in the infant. of less severity, including sleepi­ room, and gave it to a 3-year-old The low birth weight (intrauter­ ness and drowsiness, bone and sibling who opened it and gave it ine gestational retardation) char­ joint pain, excessive sweating, to the baby. Autopsy revealed a acteristic of heroin and metha­ nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, well-developed child with conges­ done-addicted newborns has also constipation, and ankle swelling, tion and edema (tissue swelling) of been correlated with the later de­ each of these occurring in the the brain and lungs. velopment of what is termed "min­ range of 10-40 percent of patients.27 Methadone, like heroin, has imal brain dysfunction," frequent­ caused occasional cases of acute ly seen in "hyperactive" children, Psychological effects but more long-range studies are pulmonary edema (rapid accumu­ 23 The evidence of methadone's lation of fluid in the lungs, de­ needed in this area. long-term emotional and cognitive creasing the ability to breath, with Methadone use during pregancy effects is ominous for an advanced

44 War on Drugs / February 1981 industrial society. Studies point to tive change in methadone patients; and gratifications such as raising a - methadone's damage to the higher that is, an abstinent former addict family and having a job career, is cognitive powers—precisely those who is not using his most ad­ merely continued with metha­ needed for a technologically pro­ vanced mental capacities may ap­ done.30 Ausubel maintains that gressing society. pear cognitively similar to a meth­ methadone continues to produce a In a 1975 psychiatric study, Gritz adone patient who has lost, revers- mild or subliminal euphoria even compared methadone and absti­ ibly or irreversibly, his most ad­ after physical tolerance, and cer­ nent patients and found that in the vanced mental capacities. A 1977 tainly with the addition of rela­ easier cognitive tests the two study, for example, found no dif­ tively small amounts of alcohol, groups did not differ. These tests ference in methadone addicts and and so the infantile pattern is nev­ nonaddicts in ability to stare at­ er broken. included "Digits Forward and Dig­ 29 its Backward [immediate memory tentively at a visual figure. Furthermore, the continuation span)^ Story Recognition, Object Concerning the long-term emo­ of this pattern induces further in­ Recognition, Personal Data and tional effects of methadone, the fantile regression, making the ad­ easy pairs of the Wechsler Paired- overriding concern is that metha­ dict after years of methadone all Associates. Results of the Cross- done is a highly addictive drug the more removed from reality. A Out and DSST tests of attention which the addict uses, in the main­ final end of severe alcoholism and and speed also did not differ for tenance situation, as a continuing methadone is all too common a the groups." Tests which did differ­ emotional crutch. Whether he sight in the emergency room or the entiate the two groups were more learns to mature or otherwise hospital morgue. difficult, including Hidden Word, change psychologically depends on Story Recall, Verbal Learning, and many factors including the thera­ 28 A failure on all counts Wechsler hard pairs. peutic setting, which in the major­ On balance, methadone is a fail­ Gritz concludes that methadone ity of maintenance programs is ure by virtually every measure ap­ "appears to induce a subtle cogni­ abysmal. Dr. David Ausubel has plicable. In particular, it is heroin tive decrement with chronic ad­ gone further and stated that the availability that determines the ministration." Since only the more infantile behavior of the heroin amount of heroin-related crime difficult tests brought out the ef­ addict, in which drugs are sought and heroin consumption, not fect, this could explain why many as a quick and easy gratification methadone availability. casual observers see little cogni- that takes the place of adult norms Ironically, the very group of her-

Figure 3 Withdrawal symptoms in 200 infants of methadone-dependent mothers Group Group B C

No withdrawal (%) 6.9 9.4 Total withdrawal (%) ... 93.1 90.6 Mild (%) 38.9 24.2 Moderate (%) 41.7 53.9 Severe (%) 12.5 12.5

Source: L. P. Finnegan, et al., as was reported to the National Academy of Science, Washington, D.C. 1975.

Children born to methadone addicted mothers are themselves addicted to methadone, since the drug passes through the placenta into the developing fetus. After birth, the addicted infant must go through life-threatening withdrawal. The table shows the percentage of infants with various degrees of symptoms in the withdrawal, extending from mild tremors to severe seizures. Group B mothers had little prenatal care, while Group C mothers had average prenatal care, but there are no statistical differences between the two groups. Above, an infant undergoing violent seizures of the type associated with methadone withdrawal.

February 1981 / War on Drugs 45 oin addicts for whom maintenance es of Death ini New York City," Office of the the Committee on Problems of Drug De­ was finally politically instituted, Medical Examjiner, New York City, annually pendence, National Academy of Sciences, 1974-1978. Washington, D.C., 1975; R. E. Kron et al., as the returning Vietnam veterans, 9. P. V. Walker et al. "Methadone Diver­ was reported to the Committee on Prob­ have in the great majority given sion: A Study of Illicit Availability" in lems of Drug Dependence, National Acade­ up narcotics completely, once they Methadone: Experience and Issues (C. D. my of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 1975; T S. were back in the United States.31 Chambers, ed.) (Behavior Publications: Rosen and C. E. Pippenger, "Pharmacologic New York, 1973) pp. 171-176. Observations on the Neonatal Withdrawal Unfortunately, that is not the 10. C. D. Chambers, et al. "The Incidence of Syndrome," J. Pediatrics (1976) 88:1044-1048; end of the story. Methadone is also Cocaine Abufee Among Methadone Pa­ R. A. Herzlinger et al. "Neonatal Seizures a great hazard. The institution of tients" (1972),jas cited by P. V. Walter et al, Associated with Narcotic Withdrawal," J. maintenance has created an enor­ in "Methadone Diversion: A Study of Illicit Pediatrics (1977) 91:638. mous black market without appar­ Availability," pp. cit. 23. G. Blinick et al. "Drug Addiction in 11. M. H. Agar and R. C. Stephens. "The Pregnancy and the Neonate," Am. J. Obs. ently decreasing the population's Methadone Street Scene: The Addict's Gyn. (1976) 125:135-142. ability to consume however much View," Psychiatry (1975) 38:381-387. 24. L. P. Finnegan, as was reported to the heroin is available. Nor is metha­ 12. R. S. Weppner and R. C. Stephens. "The Committee on Problems of Drug Depen­ done the "harmless" alternative to Illicit Use and Diversion of Methadone on dence, National Academy of Sciences, heroin, as was implied by its early the Street as Related by Hospitalized Ad­ Washington, D.C. 1978. dicts," J. Drug Issues (1973) 3:42-47; R. S. 25. Chambers et al, op. cit; J. Mintz et al. sponsors; morgue data are testi­ Weppner et al. "Methadone: Some Aspects "Sexual Problems of Heroin Addicts," Arch. mony enough to that fact. And the of Its Legal and Illegal Use," Am J. Psy­ Gen. Psychiatry (1974) 31:700-703; T. J. Ci­ long-term effects on the minds and chiatry (1972) 129:451-455. cero et al. "Function of the Male Sex Organs bodies of maintenance patients 13. E. C. Senay et al. "Adjunctive Drug Use in Heroin and Methadone Users," N. Engl. can only further their difficulties by Methadone Patients," Am. J. Drug Al­ J. Med. (1975) 292:882-887. R. Hanbury et al. cohol Abuse (1976) 3:267-277. "Adequacy of Sexual Performance in Men in functioning as human beings. 14. L. Z. Freedman. "Methadone and Alco­ Maintained on Methadone," Am. J. Drug The only visible solution to the hol," Ann. N.Y Acad. Sci. (1976) 273:624- Alcohol Abuse (1977) 4:13-20. T. J. Crowley problem of heroin addiction is to 628. and R. Simpson, "Methadone Dose and Hu­ cut off narcotics at the source, us­ 15. M. M. Baden. "Methadone-related man Sexual Behavior," Int. J. Addictions Deaths in New York City," in Methadone (1978) 13:285-295. ing whatever multinational collab­ Maintenance S. Einstein, ed. (Dekker: New 26. F. Azizi et al. "Decreased Serum Testos­ oration and pressures are neces­ York, 1971), ppj 143-152. W. A. Bloom, Jr. and terone Concentration in Male Heroin and sary. Appropriately controlled B. T. Butcher, "Methadone Side Effects and Methadone Addicts," Steroids. (1973) drug-free medical therapy must be Related Symptoms in 200 Methadone Main­ 22:467-472; J. H. Mendelson et al. "Plasma tenance Patiejits," in Proceedings of the Testosterone Levels in Heroin Addiction provided for the victims of addic­ Third National Conference on Methadone and During Methadone Maintenance," J. tion. Meanwhile, let us avoid mak­ Treatment (U.S. Public Health Service Pub­ Pharm. Exp. Ther. (1975) 192:211-217; J. H. ing matters worse by attempting lication No. 2172), Government Printing Of­ Mendelson et al. "Effects of Heroin and what seem to be halfway solutions. fice, Washington, D.C., 1972, pp. 31-37. A. Methadone on Plasma Cortisol and Testos­ Goldstein. "Blind Controlled Dosage Com­ terone,"./. Pharm. Exp. Ther. (1975) 195:296- parisons with Methadone in 200 Patients," 302. - in Proceedings of the Third National Con­ Another group (Cicero et al., op. cit.) found ference on Methadone Treatment, op. cit, that although methadone use was correlat­ References pp. 31-37. ed with sexual dysfunction, the degree of 1. L. A. Daniels, "A 'Massive Crisis' on 16. I. Siassi aiU D. C. Alston. "Methadone dysfunction did not correlate with doses Heroin in East Seen by Morgenthau," New Maintenance and the Problem with Alco­ over the range of 30-120 mg. The mecha­ York Times, Sept. 23,1980, p. Bl. hol," Am J. Drug Alcohol Abuse (1976) nism by which methadone lowers testoster­ 2. D. D. Simpson, et al. "Follow-up Evalu­ 3:267-277. one is obscure, but a leading research team ation of Treatment of Drug Abuse During 17. DiMaio,op. cit, 1974-1978. M. M.Baden, found that methadone affects the pituitary 1969 to 1972," Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1979) personal communication, 1980. hormones (leutinizing hormone and follicle- 36:772-780. 18. S. Blatman. "Methadone and Children," stimulating hormone) which are necessary 3. V. P. Dole and H. Joseph. "Long-term Pediatrics (1971) 48:173-174. R. Aronow, et in the male for the proper functioning of Outcome of Patients Treat with Methadone al. "Childhood! Poisoning: An Unfortunate the testes, including the production of tes­ Maintenance," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. (1978) Consequence of Methadone Availability," tosterone. W. R. Martin et al. "Methadone— 311:181-189. Journal of the; American Medical Associa­ a Reevaluation," Arch. Gen. Psych. (1973) 4. V. P. Dole, and M. Nyswander. "A Medi­ tion (1972) 219:321-324; D. J. DiMaio and T. 28:286-295. Other changes in testicular cal Treatment for Diacetyl-morphine (Her­ DiMaio. "Fatil Methadone Poisoning in function included a decrease in sperm mo­ oin) Addiction," Journal of the American Children: Report of Four Cases,"/, forensic tility and in ejaculate volume, both indicat­ Medical Association (1965) 193:646-650. Sci. (1973) 18:|30-134; J. E. Smialek et al. ing a decrease in fertility and consistent 5. P. H. Kleinman and I. Lukoff. "The "Methadone Deaths in Children, A Contin­ with the reduction in testosterone. Magic Fix: A Critical Analysis of Metha­ uing Problem^" Journal of the American 27. Chambers et al., 1973, op. cit. done Maintenance Treatment," Social Prob­ Medical Association (1977) 238:2516-2517.' 28. E. R. Gritz et al. "Physiological and lems (1977) 25:208-214. 19. Smialek, lac. cit. Psychological Effects of Methadone in 6. R. B. Resnick, personal observation 20. S. Presant et al. "Methadone-induced Man," Arch. Gen. Psych. (1975)32:237-242. (1976), cited by R. B. Resnick in "Problems Pulmonary Edema," Canadian Med. Assoc. 29. S. Rothenberg et al. "Performance Dif­ of Methadone Diversion and Implications J. (1975) 113:966-967. ferences Between Addicts and Nonaddicts," for Control," Int. J. Addictions (1977) 12:803- 21. J. S. Karliner et al. "Lung Function Psychopharmacology (1977) 52:299-306. 806. After Pulmonary Edema Associated with 30. D. P. Ausubel. "Heroin Addiction: 7. R. B. Resnick, loc. cit.; and J. Lowinson, Heroin Overdosage," Arch. Intern. Med. Causes and Treatment," War on Drugs (1981) cited by Resnick, loc. cit. (1969) 124:350. 2:1, pp. 59-63. 8. D. J. DiMaio. "Annual Report on Caus- 22. L. P. Finnejgan et al., as was reported to 31. Ibid.

46 War on Drugs / February 1981 How the porn industry set up the dope lobby

NORML, High Times, and the rest of the "pot lobby" were created by the top names in pornog­ raphy: Playboy, Hustler, and the "sex ed" crowd Stuart Pettingell, a veteran investigator of these networks, tells how it was done.

ess than 10 years ago, the "drug Llobby.'—the public relations side of the narcotics trade—was no more than a handful of hippies and radicals seeking legalized dope through rag-tag, shoestring-bud­ get campaigns. Ibday it is an enj- terprise backed by billions of dol­ lars in resources. It includes the nationwide apparatus of the Na­ tional Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), a vast network of slick lawyers and "business consultants," and a propaganda machine represented by glossy magazines such as High Times, now one of the top 100 monthlies in newsstand circula­ tion in the country. What's behind this "success sto­ ry"? Did this huge machine really get built from scratch by enter­ prising young potheads? Does its curiously rapid growth actually re­ flect some sort of popular move­ ment? The truth is that the drug lobby was created by the pornography industry. The "godfathers" of the drug lobby to this day remain the magnates of "porn": Hugh Hefner of Playboy Enterprises, Screw magazine publisher Al Goldstein,

February 1981 / War on Drugs 47 and Bob Guccione, publisher of The acting publisher of Flynt's the publishers of the pornographic Penthouse. Hustler, Paul Krassner, another magazine Swank. Both of these NORML was founded in 1971 by Yippie, is also a contributing edi­ magazines went out of business, former "public interest" radical tor to High Times. however, leaving High Times with lawyer Keith Stroup. Stroup, by Going beyond Flynt and Hus­ a monopoly on the drug-sex read­ his own account, began penniless, tler, one finds the real "higher-ups" ership. running his "lobby" out of a run­ behind the founding of High down building basement in Wash­ Times. The initial start-up capital The Playboy story ington, D.C. Near bankruptcy, for High Times came from a pub­ The suspiciously rapid rise of Stroup and NORML were picked lishing company called the New Hefner's Playboy empire cleared up off the floor by a large grant American Library, a subsidiary of the way for today's drug-porn nex­ from the Playboy Foundation, af­ the Times-Mirror Corporation. us. In the classical pattern of psy­ ter an acquaintance of Stroup's Times-Mirror owns the Los Ange­ chological warfare, Playboy whit­ urged him to contact Hugh Hefner. les Times and the Dallas Times tled away at prevailing moral Since then, the secretive founda­ Herald, and runs a joint news ser­ standards. Its initial obscene dis­ tion, which does not make its list vice with Katharine Graham's plays were gradually "outdone" of grants public, has poured mon­ Washington Post. Robert Gutwil- with increasingly explicit language ey into NORML every year. leg, former executive director of and graphics. By the time the Hefner, meanwhile, personally the New American Library, set up American public had been condi­ made every effort to promote the German edition of Playboy and tioned to accept "soft" pornogra­ Stroup into a crusader personality, is now the co-owner of the Euro­ phy on open newsstand displays, eventually granting the former pean publishing house Newmag. Playboy was ready to support dropout lawyer an interview in Newmag puts out Lui magazine, drugs publicly. Playboy. Hefner also became a which is modeled on Playboy. There is no question that the NORML advisory board member. The same pattern of pornogra­ launching of Playboy in 1953 was NORML had "made it." phy magazine control over drug carefully timed as a followup to While Hefner was grooming publications repeats itself in other the famous Kinsey Report, a psy­ Stroup, Hustler's Larry Flynt was drug lobby outlets. Head was chological profile of American developing NORML's mouthpiece, owned by Club magazine. The "sexual practices." Kinsey repre­ High Times. It was through Hus­ monthly Rush was a subsidiary of sented the "clinical" side of the tler's distribution network that High Times made it onto news­ stands across the country. At the same time, Flynt's drug parapher­ nalia company, manufacturers of rolling papers, became one of the magazine's first big advertising clients, keeping High Times finan­ cially afloat. Pornography, drugs, and the paraphernalia industry all come together in High Times. Half of the magazine's revenues, made mostly from paraphernalia adver­ tisers, go directly to NORML. NORML also gets free advertising space. Set up in 1974 by Tbm For- cade, one of the founders of the Yippies, who shot himself in the head in 1978, High Times is now published by Andrew Kowal, who also happens to be the publisher of Accessories Digest, the magazine of the paraphernalia industry. Ko­ wal, of course, is on the board of NORML. Meanwhile, Screw maga­ zine publisher Al Goldstein be­ Yippies play a crucial role in linking porn, drugs, and terrorism, staffing key came one of the contributing edi­ positions with Playboy, High Times, Hustler, and even on Wall Street. Above, tors to High Times. 'Yipsters' outside the Democratic Convention in 1976.

48 War on Drugs / February 1981 "sex education" movement that had been gaining steam since the end of World War II. Playboy was the more avant garde expression of the same operation. What the Kinsey Report is al­ leged to have done is prove Ameri­ cans hypocrites. Dr. Alfred Kinsey "compared" existing laws on sex­ ual acts, as well as expressed atti­ tudes on such practices as sodomy, with what Americans "really did." His message to the public was es­ sentially, "Everyone's doing these things, whether they admit it or not, so go ahead." Hefner was fas­ cinated by the report and devoted his graduate studies to analyzing it. Wrote Hefner in Playboy's first editorial: "We believe . . . that we are filling a publishing need only slightly less important than the Hugh Hefner (c.) hosting a fundraising dinner for Sen. Charles Percy (I), author one just taken by the Kinsey Re­ of the law that prohibits the spraying of marijuana with paraquat. port. ... We don't expect to solve any world problems or prove any celebrity with the generous help of dation became involved in was sex great moral truths. If we are able the media. Newsweek and Time education. The Playboy Founda­ to give the American male a few trumpeted the appearance of Play­ tion was one of the original fun- extra laughs and a little diversion boy as a milestone, while numer­ ders of the Sex Information and from the anxieties of the Atomic ous sexologists and other quacks Education Council of the U.S., or Age, we'll feel we've justified our wrote about the magazine's "socio­ Siecus. Hefner himself attended existence." logical significance." the second annual Siecus fundrais­ As we shall see, both Kinsey and By the 1960s, Playboy had be­ ing dinner in 1966, along with Ste­ Hefner appear prominently in the come Playboy Enterprises, Inc., phen Rockefeller, Robert Mc- early stages of the drug move­ branching out into real estate, the Namara of the World Bank, Look ment, and Hefner also took a lead­ recording business, films, televi­ magazine publisher John Cowles, ing role in the sex education move­ sion, and Playboy Clubs. The idea and Wall Street banker James War­ ment's more blatant campaigns of the clubs was described by Vic­ burg. On the Siecus advisory board during the 1960s. tor Lownes, a partner in Playboy was another important pornogra­ Great pains have been taken by Clubs International: "What we phy link, Dr. Albert Ellis of Screw the press and Hefner's biographers have here is a cult. The rabbit is magazine. to portray the rise of Playboy as a the father symbol. We could tell rags-to-riches phenomenon that them [club members—ed.] to go The Aquarian conspiracy came out of nowhere. A mediocre right out the window and they A study of the development of cartoonist with equally lackluster would follow our advice." the sex education movement and writing talents, Hefner began his Simultaneously, Hefner wrote the drug menace shows clearly publishing career with $600 to his the long-winded "Playboy Philoso­ that the Playboy empire is merely name. With curious 60- and 90-day phy," which expounded on the one component of a broader de­ credit advances from distributors "right" of the individual to pursue sign. As War on Drugs has docu­ and printers in Chicago, plus high- whatever sensual pleasure he mented (June and July 1980), por­ quality color separations of nude wished in a "free society." nography and dope have been photos of Marilyn Monroe obtained The establishment of the Play­ spread among our society by the from a New York firm at next to no boy Foundation in 1965 for the pur­ same network of individuals, who cost, Hefner's first issue sold out pose of furthering this "philoso­ refer to their collective efforts as overnight. Within a month, Play­ phy" was a key turning point, and "the Aquarian Conspiracy." boy had turned a net profit, an it reveals the true motive behind Their ultimate aim is the crea­ occurrence unheard of in the pub­ the creation of Playboy in the first tion of a "postindustrial society," a lishing business. place. commitment to reversing scientif­ Immediately, Hefner became a The first "social issue" the foun­ ic progress and returning to a new

February 1981 / War on Drugs 49 dark age. The architects of this Chicago police and charged with "moderate" and subtle propaganda policy were H. G. Wells, Lord Ber- cocaine trafficking. The case was on behalf of drugs. Exemplary of trand Russell, Aldous and Julian closed—and further investigation this is the spreading myth that Huxley, George Orwell, and Mar­ quashed—when the secretary, out marijuana is a "soft" drug. garet Mead, among others. on bail, fell out of a Playboy build­ It was largely Julian Huxley ing window the next day. The The role of the Yippies who launched "sex ed" in the death was ruled a suicide. While Playboy was rescuing United States through Unesco, It was not the first time Playboy Keith Stroup from oblivion, it also Planned Parenthood, and Siecus. had been seen by the public dab­ made another name into a near Not surprisingly one of his closest bling in the drug culture. Begin­ household word: MK-Ultra opera­ collaborators was Dr. Alfred Kin- ning in the early 1960s, the maga­ tive Abbie Hoffman, founder of sey, the same man who inspired zine's monthly interview had fea­ the Yippies. Hoffman was given Hugh Hefner. tured leading MK-Ultra operatives access to Playboy for promoting In 1953, the year Playboy got such as Timothy Leary. Nor were his line^ on free sex, legal drugs, started, Julian's brother Aldous press acccjunts lacking of alleged and environmentalism. He was was taking mescaline in Los An­ marijuana use at Hefner's parties. meanwhile organizing "smoke-ins" geles as part of an initial series of The cocaine-related death of and prodrug rallies in coordination "experiments" in hallucinogens, in Hefner's secretary, however, be­ with NORML. (For more on Hoff­ a project called MK-Ultra. Every came the clarion call for Playboy man and the origin of the Yippies, major leader of the 1960s drug to take up the cause of legalized see p. 62 of this issue.) movement, such as Ken Kesey and dope, and shortly afterwards Hef­ Other Yippies straddling the Timothy Leary, was directly con­ ner "discovered" Keith Stroup drug and porn industries included nected to the LSD program of MK- wasting away in a Washington Tom Forcade, the first publisher of Ultra. basement. Since then drugs has High Times, and Paul Krassner of As we shall see, many of the been as much a key "philosophical" Hustler. Michael Chance, a con­ principal "ground-level" opera­ issue for Playboy as sex. Dope had tributing editor to High Times for tives of MK-Ultra—most of them become the second "social issue" several years, also an "ex" Yippie, members of the Youth Internation­ patronized by the Playboy Foun­ was the author of a libelous attack al Party, or Yippies—show up later dation. on Lyndon LaRouche, a founder of in key posts in the pornography With Playboy having broken the the National Anti-Drug Coalition, business. ice on the pornography question, in last November's issue of Hustler. High Times followed in its wake Getting into drugs using the same psychological tech­ The Israeli connection A few years after the Playboy nique for ''softening up" the Amer­ The course taken by the Playboy Foundation was set up, one of Hef­ ican population. Its contents are so empire in setting up the drug lob­ ner's personal secretaries and re­ offensive that the public tends to by has been steered by Burton puted girlfriend was arrested by be more willing to accept more Joseph, head of the crucial Play­ boy Foundation. As is Hefner, Jo­ seph is on the NORML advisory board. But more importantly, Bur­ ton Joseph is the former national chairman of the Anti-Defamation League, the organization that granted Hugh Hefner its "First Amendment Freedoms" award in Los Angeles last September for being a champion of "free speech." Given Playboy Enterprises' pa­ tronage of NORML—which, Keith Stroup once said, receives "fre­ quent anonymous contributions from drug dealers"—plus the fact that the California attorney gen­ eral just released a report on the activities of an "Israeli mafia" in­ volved in drug running, an inves­ tigation of possible ties between Playboy, the ADL, and narcotics Pornography industry output displayed on a typical urban newsstand. traffic could prove interesting.

50 War on Drugs / February 1981 Anti-Drug Coalition News

Drive to save DEA spreads across U.S. Scores of police chiefs, fire-fight­ In New York, prior to the Novem­ ers, mayors, leaders of parents ber elections, Senator-elect Al- groups, and political leaders across fonse D'Amato held a joint press the country are supporting the Na­ conference with the Anti-Drug Co­ tional Anti-Drug Coalition's cam­ alition to denourice the decline of paign to restore budget and oper­ drug enforcement. Two key oppo­ ating cuts in the federal Drug En­ nents of the drug lobby in Califor­ forcement Administration. The nia, John Lutton of San Jose, and most striking success of the NADC Robert Winckler of Beverly Hills campaign came last Nov. 6 when also joined the campaign to save the Los Angeles City Council the DEA, although these two were unanimously approved the Coali­ not able to unseat their pro-"de- tion's resolution. crim" incumbents. The Carter administration cut over $3 million from the DEA's Pressure on Congress special task force budget for do­ Despite their electoral defeat, mestic drug enforcement in the both candidates made it clear that proposed 1981 budget, and DEA their constituencies will continue head Peter Bensinger closed down to put pressure on Congress. In a the crucial Paris, France regional press conference held with Mar- office. The NADC's resolution calls ianna Wertz, a leader of the Los for full restoration of the domestic Angeles Anti-Drug Coalition, task force budget and for preserv­ Winckler denounced the closing of ing the Paris center. the Paris DEA office, especially, he The Anti-Drug Coalitions in Ita­ said, "when you consider that it ly, France, and Germany have also was the Paris office which made begun gathering endorsements in the 'French Connection' bust, and Europe to protest the pullout of that now heroin traffic is increas­ the DEA. ing into the U.S." Thirty California police chiefs, John Lutton's campaign against along with several mayors, two "decrim" Representative Don Ed­ fire departments chiefs, city coun- wards had such an impact on the cilmen, and other officials, signed drug question that Edwards was the NADC resolution at a Los An­ compelled to send a letter to the geles meeting of the National Anti-Drug Coalition office in San The magazines of the inter­ League of Cities last October. A Francisco in an attempt to distance national Anti-Drug Coali­ resolution similar to the Coali­ himself from the drug lobby. Ed­ tions. From top to bottom: tion's was passed unanimously at wards said he will vote to reinstate War on Drugs from France, the convention of the National As­ the DEA cuts if an amendment to Italy, Germany, and the U.S.A. sociation of Chiefs of Police in that effect is submitted to Con­ Miami Oct. 12. gress.

February 1981 / War on Drugs 51 In the Mid-Atlantic region, sev­ November. Upon the urging of eral Maryland and Virginia state Pennsylvania Senator John Heinz legislators are preparing to intro­ and others, the Justice Depart­ duce resolutions supporting a ment has agreed tentatively to re­ Dogoloff beefed-up DEA, modeled on the store $1.7 million to DEA domestic NADC proposal, into upcoming operation^. pressured sessions of the state legislatures. A key question is whether the Besides public officials, other current lame-duck Congress will at meeting antidrug groups have also joined act or not. A token million or two the fight. In California, two parent will not stem the flow of dope into "If Carter wants to stop drug group leaders signed the NADC the country, and right now is the abuse, why is he supporting decri­ resolution: Carol Stein, president height of the smuggling season. minalization?" This and other of Concerned Parents on Juvenile The largest marijuana and cocaine tough questions were put before Drug Abuse in Thousand Oaks; crops in history have just been embarrassed White House drug and Doris Enderly of Huntington harvested in Latin America, and policy adviser Lee Dogoloff by an­ Beach, president of the 2,000- authorities are expecting an opium gry citizens at a Sacramento, Cali­ member Pro-Family Coalition. boom in Southeast Asia. fornia meeting on drug abuse last The NADC in particular will be Oct. 27. Philadelphia concession asking Congress to funnel funds The question, posed by Jerry The national sentiment against away from "white-collar crime" Pruitt of Parents for Action the collapse of drug enforcement operations and into narcotics en­ Against Drug Abuse, met with the has already begun to wring conces­ forcement. Tax dollars have gone weak reply that "decriminalization sions from Washington. In Phila­ increasingly to fund Abscam/Bri- is not the same thing as legaliza­ delphia, one of the cities whose lab operations against Washing­ tion." Dogoloff continued, "The antidrug task force was slated for ton's political enemies at the ex­ President doesn't like to use that extinction by the DEA cuts, out­ pense of drug-related prosecu­ word (decriminalization—ed.). . . . rage was so strong that the federal tions, as federal busts have I can't be responsible for how government granted the local task dropped rapidly. NORML states the position of the force a stay of execution through —Bonnie Mesaros President." One hundred and fifty people sat stunned as Dogoloff tried to deny what everyone knew—that the Carter White House is more than "close" to NORML, the National Organization for the Reform oari- Europe joins campaign juana Laws.

The following statement has been issued by the Anti-Drug Loaded with NORML Coalitions of Europe: Evelyn Lantz of the California We have been informed that the U.S. Attorney General and the Anti-Drug Coalition, rose to notify Drug Enforcement Administration have effected changes in the Mr. Dogoloff that he was not fool­ DEA's funding as of October 1, 1980. These measures include the ing the gathering, which was closing down of the Paris office of the DEA, which coordinated sponsored by Community Action antidrug operations in Western Europe, the Middle East and Against Drug Abuse. Not only Turkey. Considering the crucial contributions made by DEA does Carter explicitly endorse "de­ personnel in the past in our fight against drugs, which in many criminalization" in the official cases (for example in Italy) has led to significant drug busts, we White House policy document sub­ must voice our conviction that any curtailment of the DEA's mitted to the Congress in 1977 on European capabilities would be highly detrimental. So highly do advice from officials such as Dogo­ we value the DEA's collaboration, in fact, that we would hope for loff, she pointed out, but the Carter such intelligence and operational capabilities to be expanded and administration is loaded with for­ strengthened, especially now that Europe faces an increased mer NORML officials. influx of deadly drugs. "It is irresponsible to separate We therefore wish to express our hearty sikpport for all efforts the Carter administration from such as that led by the Anti-Drug Coalition in America, toward NORML when Carter has ap­ restoring and expanding the DEA's European activities. pointed numerous members of NORML's advisory board to high government positions," Mrs. Lantz

52 War on Drugs / February 1981 Antidrug education Touring at the invitation of the Buffalo Anti-Drug Coali­ tion, Philadelphia Medical Ex­ aminer's Assistant Ed Chris­ tian gave his well known slide presentation on drugs to sev­ eral parochial schools, a public school and two suburban high schools in the Buffalo, N.Y. area last Sept. 25-26, 1980. Dr. Ernest Schapiro, NADC coordinator in the region, praised Christian's approach to "not scaring the kids, but leading them to discover the lies they have been told about marijuana from a scientific standpoint." Also, Christian emphasizes the effect on others if the youngster takes drugs. "If marijuana doesn't affect your brain," Christian pointed out, "then why doesn't milk make you high?"

stated. She proceeded to name to force the resignation of Social these appointments, particularly Affairs Minister Denis Lazure, Mathea Falco, Assistant Secretary who has abetted the spread of of State for Narcotics Control Mat­ Canada decrim drugs and promoted methadone in ters, and Thomas Bryant, head of bill blocked Canada. the former Drug Abuse Council The campaign must be interna­ and Rosalynn Carter's Commission Leaders of parents' groups, police tional to succeed, Beaudry said. on Mental Health. and firemen's organizations, and The QADC will link its anti- "The first thing citizens must do other opponents of the spread of Lazure effort with the battle being to stop drugs in this country is to dope in Canada affiliated with the waged by the Italian Anti-Drug vote Carter out of office!" declared Quebec Anti-Drug Coalition have Coalition against that country's Mrs. Lantz. The audience nodded mapped out the remainder of their health minister, Aldo Aniasi, who in agreement. winter campaign, following their has just institutionalized metha­ Dogoloff was not only represent­ successful blocking of a national done. The Canadian drugfighters ing the White House, but the Na­ marijuana decriminalization initi­ have begun a campaign to have tional Federation of Parents for ative. The Canadian government telegrams of support sent to their Drug-Free Youth, called NFP. NFP had moved with liberal elements Italian friends. president Bill Barton introduced in Parliament last year to submit Speaking at the QADC strategy Dogoloff to the audience by stating a "decrim" bill, but popular out­ session were Alfred Morin, head of "We're part of the same team." rage organized by the QADC pre­ the Quebec Association of Profes­ As Barton latched himself to a vented the bill from being intro­ sional Firefighters; Mr. Nadeau, sinking ship, the audience began to duced. president of Quebec Federation of wonder what an alleged antidrug Meeting in Montreal last Oct. 25, Municipal Policemen; and Chris­ group was doing endorsing the QADC president Pierre Beaudry tian Pilote, chairman of the Que­ NORML-ridden White House. stressed that the next step will be bec Parents Association.

February 1981 / War on Drugs 53 REPRINTS Choosing sides on drugs For classroom, community and drug When one attacks figures of the was Anne Arundel County Execu­ education programs drug lobby, individuals tend to tive Robert Pascal, who called a What You Can Do to Stop Marijuana show up in some rather interesting news conference to say that his A special issue of reprints, including "The places to defend them. The Mid- administration's antidrug program biological effects of marijuana," by Dr. Atlantic chapter of the Anti-Drug was in no way connected with the Gabriel Nahas; "Who's pushing drugs on Coalition knows this well. America?"; and a rundown on the congres­ Anti-Drug Coalition. sional backers of "decrim." $2. Last October the ADC in Mary­ Even more curiously, Mr. Pascal December 1980 32 pp. with illustrations land distributed leaflets exposing libelously implied that the Coali­ What Happened to Republican Representative Marjor- tion misuses funds for the political Drug Enforcement? ie Holt as the sponsor of a bill, HR benefit of former conservative by Dean Andromidas 7334, that! would legalize heroin Democratic presidential candidate The DEA cutbacks are only part of the steady for "medickl" purposes. The leaflet Lyndon LaRouche. Mr. LaRouche, undermining of America's drug defenses. $1. caused a stir among her constitu­ who commissioned the best-selling January 1981 8 pp. with maps ents and threatened her bid for re­ book on the drug empire, Dope, election. Inc., is one of the founders of the The Sex Education Conspiracy: National Anti-Drug Coalition. Brainwashing by Perversion Rushing to Mrs. Holt's defense by Christian Curtis The backers of "sex education" are the same crowd that created the drug culture. $1. July 1980 8 pp.

How the Drug Banks Hide $100 Billion in Dirty Money by David Goldman The ABCs of dope money laundering: the cash is "hidden" in the most legal places. $1. December 1980 11 pp. with illustrations

Has the Military Surrendered in the War Against Drugs? by Dean Andromidas and Elijah Boyd As a result of the "Aquarian conspirators" in the armed forces, 58 percent of U.S. troops use drugs regularly. $1. February 1981 16 pp. with illustrations

Drug Paraphernalia: Special Bulletin A fact sheet with the DEA model anti-parapher­ nalia act, and a legal brief on tactics. $1. January 1981 8 pp. Special rates: $1 reprints $2 reprints 50 for $25 50 for $50 100 for $35 100 for $70 Make checks payable to War on Drugs National Anti-Drug Coalition 304 West 58th St., 5th floor Dr. Debra Freeman (above) of the Mid-Atlantic Anti-Drug Coalition wants to New York, N.Y. 10019 know why Maryland state officials are attacking the Coalition's work.

54 War on Drugs / February 1981 Pascal's accusation is identical to articles attacking the NADC that have appeared in the porno­ graphic magazine Hustler and in High Times, the publication of the drug lobby.

Lining up with drugs "The NADC is happy to say that these prodrug organizations and magazines have attacked our work," said Nora Hamerman, edi­ tor-in-chief of War on Drugs, the magazine of the Coalition. "But what surprises us is that individu­ als charged with public responsi­ bility for leading drugfighting ef­ forts seem to be lining up with the dope lobby in these attacks. The question is why." Part of the answer may be that Pascal was joined in his efforts to slander the NADC by Robert Kra­ mer of the Anne Arundel Drug Abuse Center. Kramer is also an official of the National Federation of Parents for Drug-Free Youth (NFP), which is supported by Car­ A volunteer with the German ADC (the Anti-Drogen-KoaUtion) selling copies of ter White House drug policy advis­ Krieg dem Rauschgift— War on Drugs. er Lee Dogoloff. Dogoloff and Car­ ter favor federal marijuana decri­ minalization. At a press conference Oct. 14 covered by Baltimore and Annap­ No 'deals': German party olis newspapers and radio, NADC spokesman Dr. Debra Freeman, a makes drugs a key issue public health specialist, replied to Pascal's charges by asking if he In the campaign for the October a campaign of wild and contradic­ and the county drug program had 1980 West German general elec­ tory slanders in a dozen West Ger­ acquired their misinformation on tions, the three major parties man print and electronic media. the NADC from Hustler magazine. made a "gentleman's agreement" This press treatment has succeed­ As a result of the controversy, not to bring up drug abuse. But ed in identifying the Anti-Drug Mr. Kramer invited an NADC rep­ Helga Zepp-LaRouche, the presi­ Coalition as the force most feared resentative to address the Anne dent of the small but influential by the purveyors of the drug cul­ Arundel County board meeting in European Labor Party also run­ ture in Europe. December. ning in the campaign, is no gentle­ The ungentlemanly zeal of the man. prodrug lobby to block any further Neither, it turned out, are the infection of the electoral process War on Drugs will accept com­ highly placed individuals in the with the antidrug virus has ex­ mercial display advertising for West German power structure who posed some of the most curious products, publications, and or­ favor liberalized drug laws. Zepp- and long-concealed political rela­ ganizations commencing with LaRouche made her party's stand tionships of postwar West Ger­ the next issue. Rate and other against the growing dope prob­ many. The "respectable" weekly, advertising information is avail­ lem—West Germany now officially Der Spiegel, the German equiva­ able from War on Drugs, 304 W. has the world's highest heroin lent of Time magazine, grabbed 58th St., 5th Floor, New York, NY overdose rate—and support for the whole paragraphs of its smear 10019. Attn.: Advertising Depart­ Anti-Drug Coalition a major issue against the ADC from the Maoist ment. in the election. paper Worker Struggle, without The drug lobby struck back with bothering to even send them

February 1981 / War on Drugs 55 through rewrite. A "conservative" small Free Democratic Party that which is also the name of the coa­ paper, the Hessen Landtagsab- bases its entire influence on its lition's magazine) was receiving geordnete Firnhaber, picked up the claim of being a channel for Wash­ frequent and favorable press cov­ line that "the ADC is proposing to ington policies into West Germany! erage. In addition to the European send drug addicts to Nazi-style Labor Party, leading members of concentration camps," from the ADC's origins the ruling Social Democratic Party West German anarchist swamp The West German Anti-Drug as well as the opposition Christian that goes back to the 1960s "free Coalition does indeed have ties Democratic and Christian Social speech" movement. into the United States, as do its Union parties joined the ADC's ed­ Most curious of all, the Bonn enemies. Founded in Frankfurt in ucational forums and publishing Interior Ministry was discovered January 1|980 by a multipartisan initiatives. to be peddling the slander that the grouping of health professionals, Conspicuously absent has been ADC was somehow a creature of parents, educators and political or­ the Free Democratic Party, which the U.S. Central Intelligence Agen­ ganizers, the Coalition ditew its is officially committed to loosening cy. This appeal to the paranoia of inspiration from the U.S, Anti- the laws against cannabis (hashish the left-wing sectlets traces its pe­ Drug Coalition that had been and marijuana) drugs, and whose digree to various Swedish and Ger­ formed in 1979. Interior Minister Baum is also on man communist papers. But it The AjDC's uncompromising record favoring methadone main­ showed up as the subject of a pro­ stand against marijuana as a tenance for German heroin ad­ gram on the Anti-Drug Coalition "hard" drug and its insistence on dicts. Leading Free Democrat Ru­ on a major TV station—at the naming the names of the interna­ dolf Augstein, the publisher of Dei- prompting, reliable sources report, tional backers of the illegal drug Spiegel, not only runs propaganda of an Interior Ministry official. traffic struck a responsive chord in cover for the liberalized-drug What makes this anti-American the German population. Until the movement, but boasts of being a ploy especially remarkable is that electoral period, which began in consumer and pusher of cannabis the West German interior minister early fall,, the ADC's Krieg dem drugs himself! is Gerhard Baum, a member of the Rauschgifi ("War on Drugs," Rank and file members of the Social Democratic and Christian Democratic Parties were dum- founded when their own leaders quietly blocked with the Free Dem­ ocrats to try to keep the drug prob­ lem out of the elections. The cor­ ruption in those parties is now under investigation by the Anti- Drug Coalition. Investigation has shown one ma­ jor slander conduit to be Andreas von Schoeler, Baum's undersecre­ tary of the interior. Only 28 years old, von Schoeler has enjoyed a meteoric rise to power, which some observers attribute to the lack of gifted individuals among the thin ranks of the FDP and others say is explained by his well-established friendships in the Frankfurt area. Von Schoeler is close, for example, to Frankfurt diamond trader and real estate speculator Ignaz Bubis, a former head of the West German B'nai B'rith.

Slander's origins It cannot be coincidental that many of the "Nazi"-flavored libels against the West German Anti- Mrs. Helga Zepp-LaRouche (I.), president of the EAP, during a recent visit to Drug Coalition have been lifted Chicago. Drugs were a central issue in her German electoral campaign. wholesale from similar trash that

56 War on Drugs / February 1981 ADCs mobilize to stop euthanasia revival The "right to die" campaign which has been spreading through north­ ern Europe met with opposition this past weekend in Denmark when prominent Danes and other Europeans met here to voice their opposition to Danish Social Af­ fairs Minister Ritt Bjerregaard's announced plans to put a "euthan­ Interior Minister Gerhard Baum asia" bill before the parliament. wants to legalize methadone. Sponsored jointly by the Danish Anti-Drug Coalition, the European Labor Party-affiliated magazine, first found its way into print in the Strategic Studies, and the Human­ New York throwaway weekly, Our ist Academy, the Nov. 1 conference Town. Our Town, represented by against euthanasia in Copenhagen the organized crime-connected at­ drew participants from Italy and torney Roy Cohn, retailed the story West Germany as well as Sweden that the ADC and one of its foun­ and Denmark. The keynote speech Social Affairs Minister Ritt Bjerre­ ders, Lyndon LaRouche (the hus­ was delivered by Birgith Mogen- gaard wants legalized murder. band of Helga Zepp-LaRouche) sen, a member of the Danish Par­ was "anti-Semitic." The libel then liament for the Center Democratic found its way into such "respect­ Party. Muriel Mirak, editor of the re­ able" papers as the New York According to the organizers of cently published Italian editon of Times, much as the "respectable" the conference, Danish liberal and the book Dope, Inc., which exposed Der Spiegel reprinted filth from social democratic politicians are the international drug cartel, out­ Worker Struggle. In fact, Worker instituting pilot projects for "nurs­ lined for the conference the 200- Struggle got its raw material from ing furloughs" (hospices) as a cost- year history of euthanasia, show­ the Our Town series. cutting measure for the critically ing that its protagonists were the Attorneys for Der Spiegel— ill. The proposed Danish bill is same British oligarchs behind which is being sued for damages seen as a test case for imposing Dope, Inc. Her presentation began by Mrs. Zepp-Larouche and the "right to die" legislation on other with Malthus and Darwin in the ELP—are reportedly nervously countries. early 19th century, traced the Brit­ examining an Oct. 21 French court ish aristocrat Houston Chamber­ decision in a case involving the 'No economic rationalizations' lain's influence on Hitler and Hit­ International Herald Tribune, "Politicians must not adopt eu­ ler's doctor Ernst Rudin, and final­ which printed the New York Times' thanasia legislation in any form, ly showed that the modern-day version of the Our Town libel. The allowing sick persons to die to save NATO offshoot, the Club of Rome, Tribune attorney argued that the the state money," Mrs. Mogensen and the "Aquarian Conspiracy" Times is a newspaper of record in said."No economic rationalization have the same identical roots and the United States, but this did not can be permitted to allow doctors goals as the Nazis. cut any ice with the French court. to terminate medical treatment" Libel damages were awarded to as is proposed by the "right to die" Test case Lyndon LaRouche in his suit movement. Mogenson, well known Mirak then evoked the powerful against the Tribune, and a retrac­ as an antidrug activist, pledged to antagonism to Nazism which is tion was ordered to be printed in block any national euthanasia leg­ still felt in Denmark today, stem­ two major French papers in addi­ islation that Bjerregaard, a mem­ ming from the World War II occu­ tion to the Tribune itself. ber of the ruling Social Democratic pation period. Warning Social Af­ —Nora Hamerman Party, may present. fairs Minister Bjerregaard, Mirak

February 1981 / War on Drugs 57 pointed out that "anyone who ad­ Lansky, the "boss of the bosses" in vocates policies for which mem­ the Cosa Nostra, put into operation bers of the Nazi regime were sen­ a plan to organize an alliance be­ tenced to death at Nuremberg is tween the Calabrian and Sicilian an evil puppet of the Club of Rome. mafias, and to use that alliance to We must expose her for what she invade the northern cities of Italy is and drive her out of public of­ as transshipment points for drug fice, making Denmark oiir test traffic from the Far East and Mid­ case to defeat euthanasia legisla­ dle East into the United States. tion in Eufope." Aniasi, himself a Calabrian emi­ Father Redento Tignonsini, a grant, was put in charge of organ­ The War on Drugs Catholic priest who directs a drug- izing the migration of impover­ free therapy community near ished Calabrians to Milan. T-Shirt Brescia, Italy, stressed the impor­ During the years that saw the tance of each.human being as the organized destruction of Milan, divine embodiment of a life uni­ Aniasi was the mayor! A series of Wear It Proudly versal and ordained by God. "Life gigantic rock concerts was organ­ Now available! is not the individual's to give or ized at the beginning of the 1970s; $5.95 postpaid. take away," he said. "Life is given there the drug scene first became a to us to pjreserve and develop. In "mass phenomenon"; there the So­ Blue silk-screened in two colors; this sense we are given the oppor­ cialist government helped set up top quality 50% polyester, 50% tunity to reach the noble and beau­ as pilot projects the free drug dis­ cotton. Available in Small, tiful in life!." tribution centers. Medium, Large, Extra Large; Children's sizes 6-8, 10-12, 14-16. An internationally known leader "I want Italian citizens to be in of the right to life movement, Dr. a position to decide for themselves Send to: War on Drugs T-Shirt, Emmanuel Tremblay, sent a tele­ whether or not to use drugs," says P.O. Box 828, East Orange, NJ 07017 gram of greetings to the confer­ Aniasi today. Milan now has Make checks payable to War on Drugs. Master­ ence. Dr. Tremblay is president of 100,000 heroin addicts. Card and Visa accepted. Bulk rates available. the French branch of the Europa Pro-Vita society. Fighting back There are forces in Italy and elsewhere that are willing to fight. On Oct. 8, the Anti-Drug Coalition addressed a group of 40 people in Rome including antidrug leaders from the Carabinieri, the border police, the Interior Ministry, par­ Italians want liamentarians, pharmacists and press representatives. The Anti- Aniasi and his Drug Coalition later organized a methadone out demonstration in front of parlia­ ment and collected hundreds of Rosanna Impiccini, chairman of signatures for a telegram sent to the Italian Anti-Drug Coalition, Prime Minister Forlani, asking has just called for an international him not to reconfirm Aniasi as mobilization to boot Italian Health Health Minister. Minister Aldo Aniasi out of office. In the face of this pressure, An­ Aniasi is best known as the minis­ iasi was forced to appear on na­ ter who legalized the distribution tional television and lied about his of methadone and morphine in It­ stand on drugs, saying he opposed Now you can have the medical evidence in aly's health centers and pharma­ legalization. A few days later he paperback from one of the world's fore­ cies. The Anti-Drug Coalition was reconfirmed. most marijuana researchers. wants the Italian parliament to Impiccini has asked for a dem­ Keep Off open hearings that will prove Ani- onstration of American support in asi's incompetence and bad faith in the fight to oust Aniasi. Telegrams The Grass introducing methadone. of support can be sent to: Italian Send $9.00 plus $1.00 for postage and Aldo Aniasi is a leader of the Anti-Drug Coalition; c/o Rosanna handling to: Michigan Anti-Drug Coali­ Socialist Party's "Calabrian mafia" Impiccini; Via Porlezza 2; 20100 tion, P.O. Box 2421, Detroit, MI 48231 faction. In the mid 1950s, Meyer Milano, Italia.

58 War on Drugs / February 1981 DRUG FIGHTER OF THE MONTH Interview with Italy's top narcotics judge

International cooperation is the key

« You carried out the bril- conclusions to be drawn from the Q • liant antidrug operation Milan-Cereseto operation? A first against Cereseto castle last June, consideration regards the law con­ where the largest heroin labora­ trolling the sale of some sub­ tory in the world was uncovered. stances in Italy: for example acetic Can you tell us more about the anhydride, of which the tax police operation, how it was organized, found at least a ton. This sub­ and the value of this bust? stance, which is used to transform A: Above all I must say that the morphine into heroin, is also used Cereseto laboratories seem not to for other purposes. Its sale is gen­ be the most important: Cereseto erally subject to control but not in may have been a branch office of Italy and you must understand the lab discovered in Milan. The that a ton is a rather significant castle at Cereseto struck people's amount. ... We absolutely have to imaginations, it was something PIERLUIGI DELL'OSSO, the have a law controlling the sale of quite extravagant that seemed to magistrate who conducted such substances. have cost a lot of money; but the two spectacular heroin busts lab found in Milan absolutely as­ in the Milan area during 1980, Q: Can you indicate the dimen­ tounded the agents, including for­ gave this exclusive interview sions of what you found in Cere­ eigners, who saw it. It was calcu­ to the Italian edition of War seto and Milan? lated to have a capacity of refining on Drugs a few months ago. A: I'll let you evaluate it. How more than 15 kilos of heroin a day. The Cereseto castle operation much heroin could be produced Cereseto may have been a support to which Judge Dell'Osso re­ from 100 kilos of morphine base? operation for material which came fers was reported in the No­ Consider that acetic anhydride is from the French Riviera, which as vember 1980 issue of this of the same quantity as the heroin you know is one of the highest magazine. you want to produce (in other consumption points in the world. It was the testimony of words more or less one kilo of How was it possible to conduct such leading antidrug law en­ acetic anhydride for one kilo of this raid? Months of investigation forcement experts as Judge heroin) and that tons of acetic an­ and collaboration with foreign po­ Dell'Osso that first prompted hydride were found, from which lice agencies, especially the French the Anti-Drug Coalition's you can deduce that this was to and American ones, were needed. campaign to reverse the pro­ serve to refine tons of morphine. The Italian tax police worked very posed cuts in the Drug En­ Consider also that there were hard on. this, with very careful forcement Administration's three labs and not just one. We investigations. I cannot say more budget and restore the Paris have compared notes with France and obviously I don't intend to, regional DEA office. Much of in this operation. Important because the operation is still class­ the heroin that was inter­ roundups were made there after ified in the courts. But I can say cepted in the recent Italian the operation in Italy. Some of the this: we were after these labs for police actions was destined foreigners arrested at Cereseto some time and I am convinced that for the United States, and had been known for years to the there are more of them. DEA help is crucial to stop it. French police. And it doesn't end What are the most interesting there—quite the contrary. We have

February 1981 / War on Drugs 59 to do a lot, for example, in the the source and for the succeeding West Germany which recently took cocaine sector and I think that phases right down to the destina­ first place in heroin-related deaths there are also cocaine laboratories tion to the consumer. Nor is it any (first place in the sense of percent­ in Italy. mystery that this market is very age of population) and which is Let me make another point: appetizing to the big Mafia, that is, now following the same path as Right now the big trafficker is pun­ you are talking about the biggest the Americans. They are starting ished in Italy with very severe entry category in the books of or­ to open up offices abroad and doing penalties. We need a procedure for ganized crime. ... the needed intelligence work to hit the individual who dissociates The international aspect is a the drug machine. It is necessary from the apparat and decides to very complicated problem. What to keep in touch with local author­ turn state's evidence, as has oc­ systems could be used to deal with ities and have a continuous ex­ curred with good results in the all this? jWe can refer to the change of information. Other peo­ antiterrorism field. He could get methods used by those who have ples' experience teaches us that the substantial reductions in his sen­ dealt with the problem before us, police agency with exclusive com­ tence. Thus a trafficker, faced with for example the United States. petence in in the antidrug field the prospect of doing four or five They tried! to remove the incen­ operates more efficiently with re­ years in jail instead of twenty, tives for drug cultivation at the spect to other police agencies. This could decide to tell us a lot of source, for example with the de­ type of antidrug police is provided things that could help us develop struction of the opium fields and for only very vaguely in our law the antidrug fight. If a trafficker cultivation of maize in its place. but we have to move in this direc­ helps us to dismantle an apparat, I think therefore that the U.S. tion. We need greater profession- then we ought to meet him half­ experience is interesting and im­ alization. We need experts who way. The drug world is run by portant because it also demon­ know their material in depth and ruthless laws and people get killed strates the limits of such an ap­ know the problem in its interna­ easily. So when there is a big oper­ proach. But the Americans did tional dimensions and are there­ ation under way, then those who something very good: after they fore able to confront it as a totali­ are involved are very afraid and learned the hard way about the ty. As I have said on other occa­ need some kind of counterweight. problem and the risks connected sions, drugs in this sense are dif­ ferent from terrorism: terrorism The future prospects? With ade­ with the fragmentation of the var­ ious police forces, and after having may be organized by national or­ quate funding, I think that a lot ganizations such as the ETA of can be done. People are often over­ experienced the troubles that arise from lack tyt a coordinated force, Spain, the IRA of Ireland. ... In ly impressed by the big raids that drugs this is impossible, precisely come off, and you hear it said that they arrived at theformation of the Drug Enforcement Adminis­ because the production, distribu­ with this or that bust the market tion, sale, and so forth of drugs has been destroyed, dismantled, tration, a single unified police with exclusive functional responsibility cannot be conducted on just the etc. Unfortunately it does not national level. work that way! Yes, 100 kilos of for combatting stupefying drugs. heroin is a monstrous quantity, but As long as you try to operate And words are not enough to ef­ at the source that's nothing. • against drugs with different and fectively fight drugs. The first divided services that are not coor­ thing we need is an international dinated, you always get unsatis­ data bank. Thus, when the police Q: What cultivation areas are the factory results: this the Americans drugs coming from? How can we pick up somebody who's from the have understood. With the DEA drug circuit, once they already stop the biggest business in the they also have the possibility of world at its roots? know something about the individ­ extending themselves internation­ ual they can have at their disposal A: There are some hot areas for ally, that is, they can operate at production of morphine base: the all the other information that may the intelligence level in all coun­ be useful in the case. If I have Far East and the Middle East, that tries with the exception of the East is the zone which goes from Asia reason to maintain that there are bloc and a few others. Even though persons of international impor­ to what used to be Indochina, the DEA apparatus doesn't have through Afghanistan, Pakistan tance in a certain operation, then I enough capillaries, still, I have to need a data bank to verify this. It and Iran, up to Turkey and Syria. say by my direct experience that The drug market is an enormous means being able to know that in most countries it is always pos­ that guy who goes around with the business, above all if you calculate sible to wofk with the DEA! that from the source to the con­ beige Cadillac—for example —is sumer, the product undergoes an For three years we have counted in contact with that other person, increase in costs in the order of on the knowledge and collabora­ etc. Otherwise the big operations tens of thousands of lire. There is tion of the DEA and this is the which will really disrupt and pull no doubt that there exist interna­ road we have to move on. It is also apart [the big drug traffickers] will tional operations for resupply at demonstrated by the experience of not be done.

60 War on Drugs / February 1981 FRONT LINE: Colombia Fans to Charris

Interview with aide to Colombian att'y general

s president of the Colombian last three years we helped in the primary responsibility the investi­ AAnti-Drug Coalition, I recent­ formation of a special police unit. gative work we talked about ear­ ly discussed the drug question The attorney general has always lier. But to the degree that it has with a leading drug fighter, Dr. played an important role in this been looked into, I can say that Miguel Sanchez Mendez, the depu­ battle. I'm not just referring to very qualified Colombian scientific ty attorney general of Colombia. police action, but to the judicial personnel consider the use of that Readers of this column are aware process involved. kind of substance to be inadequate that Colombia's attorney general, in our situation. . .. Let me repeat Guillermo Gonzalez Charry, has Q: What kind of aid has the that a partial solution cannot erad­ been the most outspoken govern­ United States given Colombia, and icate the problem, and that meas­ ment opponent of the production what would be the most appropri­ ures of this kind must be accom­ of marijuana. Dr. Sanchez Mendez ate aid the U.S. could offer to allow panied by socio-economic mea­ has worked closely with him, or­ us to eliminate our drug problem? sures to show people that other ganizing government antidrug A: American aid is related specifi­ alternatives do exist. programs. cally to helping the judicial police Where numerous bankers and suppress the drug trade, and is Q: Do you think that the methods politicians in Colombia have called limited to helping us acquire the currently used in Colombia can for legalizing marijuana, the attor­ equipment required for such activ­ eliminate our drug problem in the ney general's office has consistent­ ities and to train personnel. It's medium or long term? ly raised its voice to defend the clear, however, that the problem A: I think what I said earlier ac­ law and has executed its responsi­ will never be solved by suppression tually answers this question. If bility of interdicting the drug alone. Rather, we should add to you consider the fact that drug traffic. Here are excerpts of Dr. that a drug prevention program in trafficking does not occur by Sanchez Mendez's statements: the health and education areas, as chance, but like all criminal mani­ well as economic rehabilitation of festations is the product of a vari­ Q: Dr. Sanchez Mendez, could you the land and individuals affected ety of determining factors, if we give War on Drugs readers an by illicit drug production. From do not simultaneously and aggres­ overview of the fight the attorney this standpoint, I would say that sively attack all of those factors, general's office has been waging on American aid has been inade­ we cannot think of definitively drugs in Colombia? quate. eradicating the problem. The pro­ A: For close to nine years the office duction of substances that cause of the attorney general has fought Q: How does the Colombian gov­ physical or psychological depen­ to halt the production, distribu­ ernment, specifically the attorney dence is intimately tied to prob­ tion, and consumption of drugs. generals office, view Mexico's ex­ lems of health, concentration of Beginning in 1972, we proposed the perience with paraquat and the capital, education, land tenure, un­ creation of an interagency institu­ alternative development program employment, and population. It is tion at the first seminar held on used by Mexico? an effect, not a cause. Unless cer­ this issue at the Colombian Insti­ A: I am not really familiar with tain socio-economic structures are tute of Family Welfare. Then we the Mexican experience in an in- altered, we cannot think of finding collaborated in the writing of the depth way, largely because the of­ a definitive solution to our coun­ National Drug Statute, and in the fice under my direction has as its try's drug problem.

February 1981 / War on Drugs 61 BOOK REVIEW

Hoffman (far left) and Jerry Rubin (r.) flank lawyer David Dellinger. Above: Hoffman's cover story.

SOON TO BE A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE by Abbie Hoffman Introduction by Abbie Hoffman: Norman Mailer Illustrated. 304 pp. New profile in subversion York: G. P. Putnam's Sons/ Perigee Books The recent autobiography of Abbie in a middle class neighborhood in $13.95 cloth, $6.95 paper Hoffman, the leader of the Yippies, Worcester, Mass. and went out provides valuable new evidence of into the world to seek his "Jewish how the drug counterculture was destiny" of courageously challeng­ synthesized and propagated, told ing the system. by one of the key agents involved. Reliable sources have reported Hoffman definitely did not intend that Hoffman and other Yippies to write an expose of his own in­ are involved in a major dirty tricks volvement in intelligence opera­ operation. Hoffman, who was liv­ tions, and in fact, clearly wrote the ing under the name of Barry book as a cover story. But he also Freed, a nationally publicized en­ did. not intend to return from the vironmentalist, had no plans of "underground" at this time to face surfacing until a series of inci­ drug trafficking charges from a dents convinced his associates that 1973 arrest for selling $35,000 their intelligence operations were worth of cocaine to an undercover about to be exposed, and that he officer. would be identified. To preempt Abbie Hoffman Hoffman's cover story is one of this, Hoffman turned himself in. a "nice Jewish boy" who grew up Hoffman's recruitment as a

62 War on Drugs / February 1981 leading operative in the counter­ was married in Central Park, in a talked about drugs. Throughout culture subversion of the nation widely publicized "Hippy Wed­ the 1970s the Yippies organized began in 1955 at Brandeis Univer­ ding." Presiding over the ceremo­ "civil disobedience" smoke-ins to sity near Boston. He quickly be­ nies was Lynn House, pastor of create the conditions for a public came the protege of "humanist" the Neo-American Church, which debate over drug usage. psychologist Abraham Maslow, attempted to get a government li­ By 1974 the Yippies participated and "New Left" creator Herbert cense to use LSD in its rituals. The in the creation of the drug lobby Marcuse, an influence he is quick leading organizer, at that time, for publication, High Times, original­ to admit. "It doesn't take a great the Neo-American Church in Phil­ ly edited by Yippie Tom Forcade. insight to see the entire sixties adelphia was Ira Einhorn. A dec­ Forcade brought other Yippies (myself included) as the synthesis ade later, the Neo-American onto the editorial board, including of these two teachers." As Hoff­ Church was exposed to be warning current editor Dana Beal, and Tuli man puts it, "Maslow introduced its members and friends to leave Kupferberg. Kupferberg was a me to a great many humanists— the Harrisburg, Pa. area before member of The Fugs rock group Aldous Huxley, Carl Rogers, Har­ the last week in March 1979—ex­ started by Yippie leader Ed Sand­ ry Harlow, Erich Fromm, Erik Er- actly prior to the nuclear sabotage ers with funding from Herbert ikson, Gordon Alport, and a most of nearby Three Mile Island. Marcuse. unusual fellow named T. D. Suzu­ By the end of 1967, Hoffman's In 1977 the Yippies created the ki. Suzuki introduced Zen Bud­ deployment shifted to bring the Committee Against Marijuana dhism and made it comprehensible drug culture into the "New Left" Prohibition (CAMP). to Westerners." antiwar movement. Following the In a recent interview with Ed fall 1967 "March on the Pentagon," Rosenthal, author of the Mari­ The making of an agent Hoffman and his associates from juana Growers Guide and a self- Following Brandeis, Hoffman the Lower East Side operation proclaimed Yippie, the high level studied psychology in Berkeley, formed an organization named the role of the Yippies in drug traffick­ Calif., and then went into civil Youth International Party, better ing was stressed. Rosenthal boast­ rights organizing with the Student known as the Yippies. They includ­ ed of having established the first Nonviolent Coordinating Commit­ ed Ed Sanders, a rock group lead­ under-the-counter marijuana op­ tee (SNCC) in the South. During er, occultist, and later the author tions market while working out of this period, he maintained close of the definitive profile of Charles the prestigious Wall Street invest­ contact with his mentor Abraham Manson; Keith Lampe, "ex" Army ment house, Unterberg and Roths­ Maslow. intelligence operative; Paul Krass- child. He speculated that this is In 1965, Hoffman was drawn ner, editor of the counterculture also the role played by Yippie lead­ into the drug culture through his magazine The Realist, a former er Jerry Rubin, the newly appoint­ former college roommate, who contributor to Playboy magazine, ed head of the venture capital de­ provided him with LSD from the and close associate of West Coast partment of the John Muir Co. MK-Ultra project. After prelimi­ MK-Ultra drug operative Ken Kes- investment house in New York. nary testing, Hoffman was de­ ey and Stewart Brand; and Jerry Paralleling the drug operations, ployed into the Lower East Side of Rubin, the Berkeley, Calif. New the Yippies established a terrorist New York City to help set up the Left operative trained in sociology support network. According to East Coast counterpart of San at the University of Jerusalem. Hoffman, he was in close touch Francisco's Haight Ashbury drug The first objective of the Yippies with members of the Weather Un­ culture. was the preplanned riots at the derground and they ultimately Hoffman's book confirms the in­ 19,68 Democratic Convention in provided crucial aid when he terconnection between all aspects Chicago. This was a part of an jumped bail to go underground. of the apparatus which propagated overall operation to fragment and The Yippies' specialty has been the drug culture. Such cases as undermine old-line Democratic to provide secure communications, ritual murderer Charles Manson, Party machines. through cultivating a network of mass murderer Jim Jones of the former Bell Telephone Company People's Temple, and Ira Einhorn, Drugs and terrorism technicians. Under the guise of experimenter with the "paranor­ From the beginning, the Yippies "ripping off Ma Bell," the Yippies mal" who faces charges of blud­ were set up to be the intelligence published technical information on geoning his girlfriend to death, are arm of the drug movement. In its how to set up cheap, efficient written off as "bad experiments" founding manifesto, published in phone communications systems. and disowned by all involved. 1968 by Liberation News Service, Similarly, these capabilities can be Hoffman was part of this "experi­ the Yippies demanded legalized used for dirty tricks against ment." marijuana and psychedelics, long others. For example, in 1967 Hoffman before most drug advocates openly —Stuart Pettingell

February 1981 / War on Drugs 63 Drugf ighter's target CHARLES PERCY

lthough the November elec­ in the 1950s and 1960s. He pro­ Ations succeeded in ousting a vided video equipment for the healthy number of prodrug educational programs of the En­ "McGovernite" Democrats from cyclopedia Britannica Founda­ public office, there remains an tion and the Ford Foundation. important bit of housecleaning The latter, of course, is the pri­ to be done against similar liber­ mary funding source for "sex als who use the Republican la­ education" and hundreds of bel. Foremost among these is other "Aquarian conspiracy" Sen. Charles Percy of Illinois. programs. Mr. Percy is not merely "in The coherence between Per­ favor" of marijuana decrimin­ cy's policies on drugs and the alization; he backs up his opin­ connection to sex ed are no co­ ion with deeds. He has probably incidence. One of the senator's done more to promote the key financial backers is Playboy spread of marijuana into a $50 magnate Hugh Hefner. billion industry in America than any other member of Con­ @ The Chicago crowd gress. Behind the career of Mr. Percy, The senator from Illinois is one sees the props of a rather the author of the 1978 Percy exclusive Chicago elite. There is Amendment, which prohibits the financial backing of the the U.S. from providing the her­ Pritzker family, owner of Hyatt bicide paraquat to other coun­ Hotels. Michael Pritzker, for­ tries that seek to wipe out mar­ mer attorney for the Accesso­ ijuana crops. Pot smokers who Kissinger to oppose the Presi­ ries Trade Association (the par­ ingest marijuana sprayed with dent's program as ineffective— aphernalia lobby), is now the paraquat, says Percy, run a despite the fact that heroin law partner of Keith Stroup, health risk. traffic was dramatically cut founder of NORML. Before Percy put the U.S. ban back. Then there is the elite on paraquat, Mexico used the When the Drug Enforcement grouped around the University chemical to practically elimi­ Administration was created in of Chicago. Percy was "tracked" nate its marijuana crop. Until 1973, Percy convened a series of at an early age through the uni­ Mexico's remarkably successful hearings on alleged DEA "bru­ versity's exclusive John Dewey eradication program went into talities," which resulted in the program along with Katharine effect in 1976, that country was dismissal of the first DEA direc­ Graham, publisher of the Wash­ the number one source of pot tor, John Bartels. ington Post; Edward Levi, for­ smuggled into the U.S. Now Col­ mer U.S. attorney general; and ombia, which has' repeatedly ©Who is Mr. Percy? % Peter Bensinger, the man who asked the U.S. for paraquat as­ Charles Percy first gained replaced Bartels at DEA. sistance, is the pot capital of the prominence as the bright, young To be sure, Bensinger is much world, thanks in large part to executive from the Bell and more to Percy's liking as DEA Mr. Percy's amendment. Howell Company. Formerly a director. Bensinger's father was Aside from his concern for small camera equipment manu­ one of the first financial patrons the health of marijuana smok­ facturer, Bell and Howell mush­ of the senator's political cam­ ers, Charles Percy has always roomed under Percy, who was paigns. And Peter Bensinger, in presented himself as on the side appointed as its top executive at turn, is a relative of Edward of strict drug enforcement. But, the tender age of 29 by the com­ Levy, author of the famous again, a look at his record sug­ pany's outgoing president. The "Levi Guidelines" at the De­ gests otherwise. retiring president was Percy's partment of Justice. The guide­ During the period of "heroin former Christian Scientist Sun­ lines all but prohibit local police diplomacy" under Nixon, in day school teacher. departments from gathering in­ which the U.S. imposed sanc­ Percy's supposedly remarka­ telligence, a restriction that cer­ tions on opium-producing coun­ ble success at Bell and Howell tainly causes no consternation tries, Percy banded with Henry was due mainly to two contracts among drug traffickers.