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São Paulo and Buenos Aires: Urban Cinematic Representation in Contemporary Latin

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São Paulo and Buenos Aires: Urban Cinematic Representation in Contemporary Latin São Paulo and Buenos Aires: Urban Cinematic Representation in Contemporary Latin America DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Samuel Cruz Graduate Program in Spanish and Portuguese The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Professor Laura Podalsky, Advisor Professor Kris Paulsen Professor Pedro Pereira Copyright by Samuel Cruz 2015 Abstract My project analyzes the filmic representation of São Paulo and Buenos Aires in contemporary Brazilian and Argentine fictional cinema (2002-2012) in the wake of major urban renovations that took place in those cities during that same period in the context of larger neoliberal reforms. It proposes a study of filmic representations of these metropolises during a period of significant political, economic, social, and cultural transformations following an era of dictatorship. In particular, this project explores the degree to which these films offer a contestatory vision of this transformation. The socio- economic charges ushered in by the neoliberal platform both in Brazil and Argentina have intensified many social and infra-structural changes: on the one hand, we see unparalleled growth of the number of favelas and villas miseria while on the other hand there exists the renovation and revitalization of affluent areas seen in the construction of an unequaled number of postmodernist-style buildings. At the same time, unprecedented violence surges in urban areas such as São Paulo and Buenos Aires as a consequence of these political-economic measures. The films analyzed here through transdissciplinary lens evidence social gaps based on class division. ii Dedication To my Father (In Memoriam) iii Acknowledgments Along the years that I invested in this study, the support of those who made this endeavor possible was crucial. I would like to thank Dina and Felipe, who stood by me during the smoother moments as well as through the many bumps on the road. Distance and proximity have acquired a new meaning. Thank you for your patience, and love. My hope is that all the losses have been worth it. My parents have always invested in my education. And without their support and love this path would have not been possible. A few months before I finished this dissertation, my father passed away. The pain of absence has never been so cruel! Here is to Manuel and Ester Cruz. This work would have never happened if it was not for the support, guidance, and perseverance (just to mention a few nouns) of Dr. Laura Podalsky. She is a great professor, a brilliant scholar, the best advisor ever, and, above all, Dr. Podalsky is one of the finest human beings that I have ever met. Throughout these years, Dr. Podalsky has invested her time and believed in me, even when I did not myself. I wanted to thank her for all her patience and support. Words are limited to express my deepest respect for her. Learning has attained a new meaning. iv Vita 2003................................................................B.A., English, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil 2010................................................................M.A. Spanish, Latin American Literatures and Cultures, The Ohio State University 2008 to present ..............................................Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Spanish and Portuguese, The Ohio State University Fields of Study Major Field: Spanish and Portuguese v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v Fields of Study .................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... vi List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Brazilian and Argentine (“new”) Cinema ...................................................................... 5 The City ......................................................................................................................... 15 The Latin American city ............................................................................................ 18 The cinema-city nexus ................................................................................................... 23 The Latin American cinema-city nexus: A Review of the State of Current Scholarship ................................................................................................................ 25 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................. 30 vi Chapter 1: Brazilian Contemporary Cinema: From the Periphery to Downtown and Back Home ................................................................................................................................. 40 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 40 The Tenants (Don’t Like It, Leave)! Leave to where?................................................... 45 Urban spatiality.......................................................................................................... 46 Entrapment: absence and power differences ............................................................. 48 Urban violence and the politics of representation ..................................................... 57 Linha de Passe .............................................................................................................. 72 From the periphery to the center and back home: forces of attraction and repulsion 74 The (lack of) flow of the material city and its dwellers: a metaphor ......................... 81 Internal violence; fluid lives ...................................................................................... 85 O Invasor ....................................................................................................................... 89 Spectatorship and realism .......................................................................................... 91 Production of space: the differentiation factor .......................................................... 92 Violent acts .............................................................................................................. 105 Chapter 2: Contemporary Argentine Cinema: the Subject and the City ......................... 109 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 109 El Bonaerense: a transforming journey in the city ..................................................... 112 The reality of the conurbano .................................................................................... 113 vii Metropolis: subjective prison, social imbalance ...................................................... 124 Elefante Blanco: entrapped in the villa ....................................................................... 131 Neo-neorealism and Elefante Blanco ...................................................................... 133 Subjective exclusion: church, state, youth............................................................... 142 Medianeras .................................................................................................................. 155 (Post)modern urban space; fragmented urban life ................................................... 157 Medianeras and the city-film ................................................................................... 176 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 187 Chapter 3: Contemporary Brazilian and Argentine cinema: the (re)construction of São Paulo and Buenos Aires’s urban imaginary .................................................................... 189 Entrapment, alienating space, and violence: where cinema meets public debate ...... 191 Building the material city ............................................................................................ 209 Circulating bodies ....................................................................................................... 224 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 233 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 239 Filmography .................................................................................................................... 246 Films cited ................................................................................................................... 246
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