LABOUR FORCE HOUSEHOLD LIVING CONDITIONS SURVEY 2018-2019 BINT JBEIL
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Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) 2018-2019 in Bint Jbeil
Suggested citation:
"Labour Force and Household Living Conditions Survey 2018-2019 in Bint Jbeil", Central Administration of Statistics, 2020
Copyright © Lebanese Republic Central Administration of Statistics 2020 Acknowledgments Acronyms and Abbreviations
This report comes as one of a series of reports launched by the Central Administration of CAS Central Administration of Statistics Statistics, covering the twenty-six districts of Lebanon. Producing these reports was a GER The Gross Enrolment Ratio collaborative endeavor between the Central Administration of Statistics (CAS) and the ILO International Labour Organization United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). LFHLCS Labour Force and Households’ Living Conditions Survey NEET Not in Education, Employment or Training Official statistics presented in this report are drawn from the findings of the national Labour NER The Net Enrolment Rate Force and Households Living Conditions Survey (LFHLCS) that was carried out by CAS NSSF National Social Security Fund between 2018 and 2019 with funding from the Delegation of the European Union to Lebanon and the technical cooperation of the Regional Office for Arab States of the SMAM Singulate Mean Age at Marriage International Labour Organization (ILO). UNDP United Nations Development Programme
CAS acknowledges the professional input and contribution of all the partners, experts, and staff who have been particularly active and supportive along the production process in the elaboration, preparation and drafting of the final series of district statistics.
CAS would like to express its sincere appreciation to Celine Moyroud and the UNDP core team for all of their technical and administrative support. Also gratefully acknowledged are the contributions of CAS staff: Haifa Husseini, Mayssaa Daher, Ali Hamieh and Amina Basbouss.
Dr Maral Tutélian - Guidanian
Director General Central Administration of Statistics
Table of Contents List of Figures
About the Survey ...... 1 Figure esidents in int beil District Statistics ...... 2 Figure Head o household by se I. DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 4 Figure arital status aged by se he residents in int beil ho and ho any are they Figure istribution o ri ary residences by ty e o d elling II. HOUSING ...... 6 Figure ri ary residences by area o residence here do residents in int beil live Figure ri ary residences by nu ber o roo s ri ary residences by area Figure ersons er roo Ho any roo s does a household have Figure ri ary residences by age o residence ersons er roo Figure Facilities o ain source o drin ing ater at the d elling re the ri ary residences old or ne Connectivity to in rastructure and utilities Figure Sources o electricity in ri ary residences Cost associated ith residence Figure Ho e a liances ty es and eans o trans ortation Ho e a liances and eans o trans ortation Figure ccess to services ccess to basic services Figure istribution o students by ty e o educational institution III. EDUCATION ...... 12 Figure esidents aged by level o education attained and se ross nrol ent atio versus et nrol ent ate Figure a lliteracy rate by age grou and se aged years Schooling in int beil Figure b otal illiteracy rate by se aged years IV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND ...... 15 Figure Household inco e range ro all sources in the onth receding the Survey in Ho uch do households earn in total thousand L and ho do they erceive their ealth status Figure Sel classi ication o ealth o households Health Coverage Figure Health coverage by se V. LABOUR FORCE and EMPLOYMENT ...... 18 Figure esidents aged years by e loy ent status and health insurance Labour ar et structure coverage ho is loyed Searching or a ob or nactive Fro a ender oint o ie Figure istribution o residents bene iting ro health insurance by source o here do they or insurance and ho any hours er ee Figure Labour orce artici ation rate hat ty e o obs do they hold and here Figure Labour orce artici ation rate a ong youth and adults Ho any obs are vulnerable Figure loy ent to o ulation ratio outh in loy ent versus outh ot in ducation loy ent or raining Figure loy ent to o ulation ratio by broad age grou s The Team ...... 25 Figure ne loy ent rate by se Figure ne loy ent rate a ong youth and adults Figure nactivity rate o residents aged years About the Survey Figure cono ic activity sector by se his re ort co es as one o a series o re orts launched by the Central d inistration o Figure verage usual and actual ee ly hours o or by se Statistics covering the t enty si districts o Lebanon roducing these re orts as a Figure loyed years and above by e loy ent status and se collaborative endeavor bet een the Central d inistration o Statistics C S and the nited ations evelo ent rogra e Figure ulnerable e loy ent icial statistics resented in this re ort are dra n ro the indings o the national Labour Figure outh in e loy ent and rate Force and Households Living Conditions Survey LFHLCS that as carried out by C S bet een and ith unding ro the elegation o the uro ean nion to Lebanon and the technical coo eration o the egional ice or rab States o the List of Tables nternational Labour rgani ation L
able early e enditures on services or ain d ellings in thousand L he LFHLCS is the irst Lebanese survey to roduce esti ates not only at the national and sub national governorate mouhafaza levels but also at the district caza able nrol ent by level o education in level Lebanon is co osed o eight governorates called ouha a a and districts called able For ality versus n or ality in ca a nly the governorates o eirut and ar ere ta en as a hole in the survey sa le and ere not subdivided into districts
LFHLCS covered all the o ulation o Lebanon living in ri ary residential d ellings t as carried out ro ril to arch t did not cover the o ulation living in non residential units such as construction and agriculture sites sho s stores actories un inished buildings ar y barrac s re ugee ca s and ad acent gatherings and in or al settle ents ith an un recedented co lete national sa le si e o households ore than res onded to the survey roviding a relatively high res onse rate o hrough uestions organi ed into odules the LFHLCS uestionnaire gathered e tensive data that ere used in the roduction o a broad array o indicators and a cross sectional analysis regarding
he de ogra hic and social characteristics o households and the individuals living in the on a regular basis ore than si onths in a year including in or ation on education health social security and others he labour orce situation and the econo ic activity o all active individuals in the household
he characteristics o the household and the conditions o the d ellings and the available a enities he conce ts de initions and ethodologies that ere used in the survey ere designed according to the latest international survey statistical standards es ecially those in line ith the th CLS esolution concerning statistics o or e loy ent and labour underutili ation.2
For ore in or ation about the LFHLCS re er to the ain survey re ort available at htt cas gov lb inde h co onent content article id Source L Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 2013.
Page 1 District Statistics
he district statistics re resent an invaluable source o u dated in or ation and analysis o the revailing social and econo ic conditions in each district hey are ade available to the district authorities and leadershi including the i a Ca a overnor the istrict nions o unici alities and a range o other govern ent and non govern ent district lanners olicy a ers and users he district statistics also ai at in or ing a ro riate and evidence based develo ent olicies and rogra es at the district level
his re ort resents data ertaining to the district o int beil hich is situated in the overnorate o abatieh
t consists o ive cha ters highlighting the ollo ing as ects BAALBEK-HERMEL e ogra hics
Housing
ducation
Social and cono ic ac ground
Labour Force and loy ent
herever ossible and statistically signi icant the indicators resented at the district level are co ared to the national values or the ur ose o conte tuali ation and co arison
BINT JBEIL HASBAYA MARJAAYOUN
NABATIEH
Page 2 Page 3 Bint Jbeil district Figure 3: Marital status (aged 15+) by sex I. DEMOGRAPHICS declared that they were “married” in 2018– The residents in Bint Jbeil: who and how many are they? were “never married”. The he survey results sho that in – the hereas those aged bet een and ca a o int beil hosted er cent o years old re resented er cent he residents o Lebanon ith around re aining er cent ere the older residents er cent o the residents residents years old (Figure 1) ere e ales and er cent ales n – the age de endency ratio or er cent o the residents in int beil int beil as er cent co ared to ere ound in the age grou – years er cent at the national level t is (Figure 3) he younger residents o less than years instructive to note that co ared to the old re resented er cent o the total other ca as this ratio as the highest
Figure 1: Residents in Bint Jbeil 2018-2019 ale Fe ale
Age Group
he Survey results sho ed that ales Figure 2: Head of household by sex redo inated as heads o household t as esti ated that er cent o households ere headed by a an co ared to en o en er cent nationally hile er cent o households ere headed by a o an relatively to er cent in Lebanon (Figure 2) 77.8% 22.2%
ge de endency ratio is the nu ber o de endents aged years and those aged co ared to the total o ulation aged years hich is the or ing age o ulation t describes the degree to hich the econo ically non roductive o ulation is de endent on the or ing age o ulation he higher the ratio the greater the econo ic burden
Page 4 Page 5 Bint Jbeil district How many rooms does a household have?
II. HOUSING Where do residents in Bint Jbeil live? (Figure 6)
The lar e t hare rimary re idence in r rti n inde endent h e r villa
int eil were a artment . er cent at the ca a level wa nearly three time wherea . er cent were inde endent hi her than that the nati nal level 12.2 Figure 6: Primary residences by number of rooms (%) h e r villa . t i w rth n tin that the er cent . (Figure 4)
Figure 4: Distribution of primary residences by type of dwelling Bint Jbeil Lebanon
0. 2. 12.2
. Persons per room . 8 . artment nde endent h e r villa ther 2 Primary residences by area (m ) (Figure 7) 2. er cent the rimary re idence in dwellin c m ared t 1 . er cent at the int eil were 1 0 are meter and m re level the c ntry. e idence 80 t le c m ared t . er cent at the nati nal than 1 0 m2 c m ri ed 8. er cent the Figure 7: Persons per room (%) level. mall re idence le than 80 m2 t tal c m ared t alm t the ame were the lea t c mm n – 8.2 er cent the r rti n nati nally. (Figure 5) Bint Jbeil Lebanon
Figure 5: Primary residences by area of residence (%) 8.2 e than 80 m2 1 . 8. 80 t le than 1 0 m2 8. 2. 1 0 m2 and m re . ≥2 int eil e an n
Page 6 Page 7 Cost associated with residence
Are the primary residences old or new? Figure 8: Primary residences by age of residence (Table 1) (Figure 8) Table 1: Yearly expenditures on services for main dwellings (in thousand LBP)
Bint Jbeil Lebanon Connectivity to infrastructure and utilities Services Mean Median Mean Median (Figure 9) Figure 9: Facilities of main source of drinking water at the dwelling (%)
Total yearly Expenses on services 2,793 2,514 3,308 2,940
Home appliances and means of transportation (Figure 10) Figure 10: Sources of electricity in primary residences
Per cent (Figure 11)
Page 8 Page 9 Figure 11: Home appliances types and means of transportation (%) Figure 12: Access to services (%)
Note: The internet does not include Cable/ADSL/3G or 4G.
Access to basic services
(Figure 12)
Page 10 Page 11 Bint Jbeil district Schooling in Bint Jbeil
III. EDUCATION Figure 13: Distribution of students by type Gross Enrolment Ratio versus Net Enrolment Rate of educational institution (Figure 13) (Table 2) Table 2: Enrolment by level of education (in %) Bint Jbeil Lebanon Level of education Gross Net Gross Net Enrolment Enrolment Enrolment Enrolment (Figure 14) Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio
Elementary level Figure 14: Residents (aged 3+) by level of education attained and sex (%)
Intermediate level
Secondary level Note: These results exclude domestic workers
The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)
The Net Enrolment Rate (NER) (Figure 15a) *Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
Page 12 Page 13 Bint Jbeil district
Figure 15a: Illiteracy rate by age group and sex (aged 10 years +) IV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BACKGROUND How much do households earn in total?
Per cent (Figure 16) (Figure 15b) Figure 16: Household income range from all sources in the month preceding the Survey in thousand LBP (%)
Figure 15b: Total illiteracy rate by sex (aged 10 years +) Per cent
... and how do they perceive their wealth status?
themselves as “poor ” was “average or average to poor”, those who considered themselves “wealthy off” was (Figure 17)
Page 14 Page 15 Figure 17: Self classification of wealth of households Figure 19: Residents (aged 15 years +) by employment status and health insurance coverage (%) Bint Jbeil Lebanon
mployed nemployed tside la o r force otal
int eil e anon he main so rce of health coverage in int lic ervants ooperation was noticea ly eil was the ational ocial ec rity nd greater in int eil per cent than in , which covered per cent of the the whole of e anon per cent , ealthy or financially well off verage or average to poor oor or very poor ins red pop lation per cent of the whereas private ins rance was significantly ins red pop lation were covered y the less common per cent in int eil
e anese rmy and the nternal ec rity compared to per cent in e anon Health Coverage5 orces, a proportion elow the national (Figure 20) level nterestingly, the coverage of the nly per cent of the total residents in int the national level, the res lts show a eil were covered y at least one type of relatively higher health coverage for oth health ins rance health coverage was women per cent and men per Figure 20: Distribution of residents benefiting from health insurance almost identical for women and men cent (Figure 18) by source of insurance per cent and per cent respectively t
Bint Jbeil Lebanon Figure 18: Health coverage by sex (%)
omen en otal int eil e anon
ational ocial ec rity nd n int eil, per cent of the residents o tside the la o r force who were covered lic ervants ooperation aged years and a ove had a health in int eil per cent, per cent and rmy and the nternal ec rity orces coverage, whereas nationally, the per cent respectively were all less than proportion of the ins red pop lation in the those o served at the national level t is rivate ins rance same age gro p was remar a ly higher worth noting that nemployed residents ther per cent he proportions of were the least covered in the district employed, nemployed and residents (Figure 19)
n this section, all the fig res e cl de the domestic wor ers ncl ding ac ltative nd
Page 16 Page 17 Bint Jbeil district Figure 21: Labour force participation rate (%)
V. LABOUR FORCE and EMPLOYMENT Labour market structure omen Men ota mong the estimated , individ als la o r force, either employed , or int ei e anon aged years old and a ove living in nemployed , he remaining , primary residential dwellings in int eil in individ als were o tside the la o r force – , a o t , people were in the e s are o t e a t a o r orce ( e t e compare to per cent in int ei an nemp o e or in wor e cee e t at o per cent compare to per cent at Working age population(15 years+) Working age population (15 t e o t an mar e per cent t e nationa e e (Figure 22) a years +) otal , Figure 22: Labour force participation rate among youth and adults (%) omen , en , Persons outside the labour LabourLabour Force force Persons outside the a labour forceforce otal , a otal , o t ( ears ts ( ears omen , en omen , en int ei e anon , , Persons in Persons in employment unemployment Persons in employment otal , Persons in unemployment otal , e emp o ment to pop ation ratio in int emp o e in int ei wit a en er ap o a a omen , en omen en ei ( per cent was ower t an t at o percenta e point i erence n , , t e co ntr ( per cent ere were e anon t e emp o ment to pop ation Note: Estimation below 2,500 has a standard error above 20 per cent. Due to rounding, numbers some nota e en er isparities in t e ratio reac e per cent or women an presented may not add up precisely to the totals. emp o ment to pop ation ratio at ot t e per cent or men mar in a en er ap
Note: Estimation below 2,500 has a standard error above 20 per cent. Due to rounding, numbers istrict an co ntr e e s per cent o o percenta e point i erence presented may not add up precisely to the totals. women an per cent o men were (Figure 23)
Who is Employed, Searching for a job or Inactive - From a Gender Point of Figure 23: Employment-to-population ratio (%) View otal la o r force participation rate in int cent in int eil and per cent in eil was one of the lowest among all ca as e anon were higher compared to per cent t was fo nd to e mar edly women’s ( per cent in int eil and lower than the national rate of per per cent in e anon at oth the district and omen Men ota omen Men ota cent ender disparity was high in int eil, national levels, with a nota le gender gap int ei e anon and more accent ated than the national reaching percentage points and level Men’s participation rates per percentage points respectively (Figure 21) e comparison o t e res ts roa a e at t e nationa e e e ap etween t e ro ps s ows t at t e o t emp o ment two a e ro ps was ess si ni icant at t e to pop ation ratio in int ei ( per ca a e e ( percenta e point i erence cent was remar a ower t an t at o t e re ati e to percenta e points in a o r orce articipation ate a ts ( per cent t is wort notin t at e anon (Figure 24) Persons in Employment+Persons in Unemployment n this rief, the gender gap is calc latedWorking y s tracting−age Population the (female15+ years rate old )from the∗ 100 male rate t ese ratios were ower t an t ose mar e
Page 18 Page 19 Figure 24: Employment-to-population ratio by broad age groups (%) e inacti it rate w ic represents t e per cent an was one o t e i est amon proportion o t e persons consi ere a ca as per cent o women an inacti e neither working nor looking for any per cent o men were inacti e at t e ca a job in t e tota pop ation a e ears e e compare to per cent o women o t ( ears ts ( ears an a o e in int ei ( per cent an per cent o men at t e nationa e cee e mar e t at o e anon ( e e (Figure 27) int ei e anon
Figure 27: Inactivity rate of residents aged 15 years + (%) e nemp o ment rate in int ei ( rate was per cent or women an per cent was e ow t e nationa e e ( per cent or men n ot er wor s t e en er per cent i erences at t e co ntr e e ap in t e nemp o ment rate was ess were o ser e etween men ( per cent si ni icant in int ei ( percenta e point omen Men ota an women ( per cent et t e ap was i erence t an in e anon as a w o e ( int ei e anon ower in int ei w ere t e nemp o ment percenta e point i erence (Figure 25)
Where do they work? Figure 25: Unemployment rate by sex (%) e er ices sector was t e ar est men an per cent o wor in women were emp o ment sector or women an men emp o e in in str in int ei compare wit respecti e per cent an per to per cent o wor in men an per omen Men ota omen Men ota cent in int ei compare to per cent cent o wor in women in t e w o e o an per cent in e anon n t is sector e anon mp o ment in a ric t re in int int ei e anon women s rpasse men percenta e ei was or ot wor in men ( per points at t e ca a e e t was partic ar cent an women ( per cent a o e t e noticea e t at per cent o wor in nationa e e s (Figure 28) nemp o ment was ess pre a ent amon e ap etween t e o t an t e a ts a ts t an amon o t at ot t e istrict nemp o ment rate reac e an co ntr e e s wit a rate reac in percenta e points in int ei an Figure 28: Economic activity sector by sex (%) per cent an per cent respecti e in percenta e points in e anon as a w o e int ei compare to per cent an (Figure 26) per cent respecti e in e anon as a w o e
Figure 26: Unemployment rate among youth and adults (%)
o t ( ears ts ( ears int ei e anon omen Men omen Men int ei e anon
ric t re n str er ices
nemp o ment rate Persons in Unemployment (aged 15 years and above) Labour Force (aged 15 years and above) ∗ 100
Page 20 Page 21 ... and how many hours per week omen s share in employment as lo yet that attaine at the national le el per more pre alent for pai employment than ent en s share in pai employment as Men in emp o ment were reporte to e o rs or ot se es e to temporar employer o n a o nt or er he hi her in int beil ompare to the national wor in on er pai o rs t an women e a sences s c as acation ann a ea e majority of employers or o n a o nt le el per ent an per ent a era e n m er o act a wee pai o rs etc n e anon as a w o e t e act a or ers in int beil ere men per respe ti ely (Figure 30) was or men an or women n m er o o rs o wor was per cent or ent a proportion that as almost e al to rt ermore t e act a n m er o o rs o men an per cent or women wor was s i t e ow t e s a n m er o (Figure 29) Figure 30: Employed (15 years and above) by employment status and sex (%)
omen Figure 29: Average usual and actual weekly hours of work by sex
int beil en omen per week omen Men Number of of Number hours
s a o rs ct a o rs ebanon en Note: Excludes domestic workers
What type of jobs do they hold and where? mployer o n a o nt or er ai employment
ccor in to t e t e concept o in orma o s at t eir main occ pation a How many jobs are ''vulnerable''? “informal employment” refers to jobs that res t t at was o n to e mar e i er o not pro i e emp o ees wit e a or t an t e nationa e e ( per cent an n int beil lnerable employment hi her for men in int beil ompare to the socia protection t s e posin t em to per cent o t e emp o e pop ation per ent as reporte to be remar ably hole of ebanon oreo er it as more reater economic ris s t an ot er emp o e were wor in in t e in orma sector t is hi her than that obser e at the o ntry pre alent amon men per ent than peop e s or concept o t e in orma instr cti e to note t at t e atter proportion le el per ent t is orth notin that amon omen per ent (Figure 31) sector it is a s set o nincorporate was consi era a o e t e nationa e e lnerable employment as remar ably enterprises not constit te as separate e a ( per cent e proportion o emp o e
entities in epen ent o t eir owners in i i a s o in an in orma o in a orma sector was ower in int ei t an in Figure 31: Vulnerable employment (%) e res ts s ow t at per cent o t e e anon ( per cent an per cent emp o e pop ation in int ei e respecti e (Table 3) Table 3: Formality versus Informality (in %) omen en otal Bint Jbeil Lebanon int beil ebanon Type of employment Informal Formal Informal Formal Total Total Sector Sector Sector Sector Informal
Formal Total or in to the nternational abo r r ani ation efinition ''Vulnerable Employment'' is the s m of o n a o nt or ers an ontrib tin family or ers in total employment his
ate ory of or ers has a lo er li elihoo of ha in formal or arran ements an is therefore more li ely to la elements asso iate ith a e ate so ial se rity an a oi e at or
Page 22 Page 23 Youth in Employment versus Youth Not in Education, Employment or The Team Training (NEET)
his report o l not ha e been possible itho t the joint effort an ooperation of a team o th rate Youth not in education, lo er in int beil an the o th rate of e perts or in in the entral ministration of tatisti s an the nite ations employment or training rate per ent as hi her per ent an per ent e elopment ro ramme he report as prepare n er the o erall ire tion an in int beil as hi her than the yo th respe ti ely in ebanon oreo er i an e of r aral t lian i anian ire tor eneral of the entral ministration employment to pop lation ratio per omen s rate per ent as of tatisti s an eline oyro esi ent epresentati e ent ompare to the national le el the mar e ly hi her than that of men per
yo th employment to pop lation ratio as ent in int beil (Figure 32) he ontrib tions of the follo in team are ratef lly note
Figure 32: Youth in employment and NEET rate (%) Supervision: r ran ois arah nternational pert on pop lation e elopment an so ial poli y Report drafting: aifa sseini onomist omen en otal
mployment to op lation atio o th rate Data Preparation and Tabulations: ayssaa aher an li amieh ath tatisti ians
Report review: ran ois arah a thar ara ea o a el ayssaa aher mina assbo ss
Table drawing aifa sseini mina assbo ss lia ayye li li hreiss o nes ojo ssistant tatisti ians
Report Design: ayal ttieh
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