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Regional Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice for Davenport, Moline and Rock Island

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Regional Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice for Davenport, Moline and Rock Island Regional Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice For Davenport, Moline and Rock Island July 2019 1 REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF IMPEDIMENTS TO FAIR HOUSING CHOICE July 2019 PROJECT PARTNERS City of Davenport, Iowa Community Planning & Economic Development Department City of Moline, Illinois Planning & Development Department City of Rock Island, Illinois Community Economic Development Department Prepared for the Cities of Davenport, Iowa; Moline, Illinois; and Rock Island, Illinois by Mosaic Community Planning, LLC 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 6 Fair Housing Planning ................................................................................................................................ 6 Definitions ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Data Sources .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2. Community Participation Process ........................................................................ 10 Community Engagement Overview ......................................................................................................... 10 Community Engagement Results............................................................................................................. 12 Chapter 3. Socioeconomic Profile ........................................................................................ 28 Demographic Profile ................................................................................................................................ 28 Chapter 4. Segregation and Integration ................................................................................ 41 Race and Ethnicity ................................................................................................................................... 41 Segregation Levels ................................................................................................................................... 46 National Origin and Limited English Proficiency Population ................................................................... 50 Race, Ethnicity, National Origin, and Poverty.......................................................................................... 54 Chapter 5. Access to Opportunity ........................................................................................ 57 Overview of HUD-Defined Opportunity Factors ...................................................................................... 58 Education ................................................................................................................................................. 63 Employment ............................................................................................................................................ 66 Transportation ......................................................................................................................................... 71 Poverty ..................................................................................................................................................... 77 Environmental Health .............................................................................................................................. 80 Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 83 Chapter 6. Housing Profile ................................................................................................... 85 Housing Supply Summary ........................................................................................................................ 85 Housing Costs and Affordability .............................................................................................................. 92 Housing Needs ......................................................................................................................................... 93 Homeownership and Lending ................................................................................................................ 103 Zoning, Affordability, and Housing Choice ............................................................................................ 112 Chapter 7. Publicly Supported Housing ............................................................................... 121 Supply and Occupancy ........................................................................................................................... 122 3 Georgraphy of Supported Housing ........................................................................................................ 129 Chapter 8. Housing for People with Disabilities ................................................................... 131 Residential Patterns ............................................................................................................................... 131 Accessible Housing Supply and Affordability ........................................................................................ 134 Zoning and Accessibility......................................................................................................................... 135 Chapter 9. Fair Housing Activities ....................................................................................... 139 Fair Housing Resources .......................................................................................................................... 139 Fair Housing Complaints ........................................................................................................................ 142 Fair Housing Lawsuits and Litigation ..................................................................................................... 156 Past Fair Housing Goals and Related Activities ..................................................................................... 158 Chapter 10. Identification of Impediments .......................................................................... 170 Appendix ............................................................................................................................ 181 4 5 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION FAIR HOUSING PLANNING Equal access to housing choice is crucial to America’s commitment to equality and opportunity for all. Title VIII of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1968, more commonly known as the Fair Housing Act, provides housing opportunity protection by prohibiting discrimination in the sale or rental of housing on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. The Act was amended in 1988 to provide stiffer penalties, establish an administrative enforcement mechanism and to expand its coverage to prohibit discrimination on the basis of familial status and disability. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), specifically HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO), is responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Fair Housing Act and other civil rights laws. Provisions to affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH) are basic long-standing components of HUD’s housing and community development programs. The AFFH requirements are derived from Section 808(e) (5) of the Fair Housing Act which requires the Secretary of HUD to administer the Department’s housing and urban development programs in a manner to affirmatively further fair housing.1 Local communities, such as Davenport, Moline, and Rock Island, that receive grant funds from HUD through its entitlement process satisfy this obligation by performing an “Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice” (AI). In an AI, local communities that receive HUD entitlement grant funds evaluate barriers to fair housing choice and develop and implement strategies and actions to overcome any identified impediments based on their individual histories, circumstances, and experiences. Through this process, local entitlement communities promote fair housing choices for all persons, including classes protected under the Fair Housing Act, and provide opportunities for racially and ethnically inclusive patterns of housing occupancy, identify structural and systemic barriers to fair housing choice, and promote housing that is physically accessible and usable by persons with disabilities. HUD will presume that the grantee is meeting its obligation and certification to affirmatively further fair housing by taking actions that address the impediments, including: • Analyzing and eliminating housing discrimination within the jurisdiction; • Promoting fair housing choice for all persons; • Providing opportunities for racially and ethnically inclusive patterns of housing occupancy; • Promoting housing that is physically accessible to all persons to include those persons with disabilities; and • Fostering compliance with the nondiscrimination provisions of the Fair Housing Act. 1 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity. Fair Housing Planning Guide: Volume 1 (Chapter 1: Fair Housing Planning Historical Overview, Page 13). March 1996. 6 Through its Community Planning and Development (CPD) programs, HUD’s goal is to expand mobility and widen a person’s freedom
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